The increase of chromosome number by one or more whole sets of chromosomes is called:

Damage to the prefrontal cortex often causes people to lose their social inhabitations.  

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Behavioral learning theorists do not focus on internal thought processes; rather, they look to external evidence to study learning. The aspects of the environment that are of most concern to behaviorists in studying learning are stimulus and response.

In the field of psychology, behavioral learning can simply be described as a branch of psychology under which the behaviors of individuals are studied that they show due to the influence of the environment. The internal thought process is not studied under this branch

The environment of an individual plays important role in the conduction of his behavior. The different environmental factors through which the behavior of the person is influenced are referred to as the stimulus. The learning that the individual seeks and shows in his behavior due to this stimulus is referred to as the response.

Hence, the stimulus and response are aspects of the environment that behaviorists study.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

Behavioral learning theorists do not focus on internal thought processes; rather, they look to external evidence to study learning. What aspects of the environment are of most concern to behaviorists in studying learning?

A) energy and work

B) stimulus and response

C) thought and memory

D) sensation and perception

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The tissue found covering body surfaces, lining body cavities, forming the internal and external linings of many organs, and constituting most gland tissue is epithelium tissue.

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In the winter, the energy pyramid in a grassland community is thinner than in the summer. Thus,  the abiotic factor that determines the differences between the two pyramids is sunlight.

A grassland refers to an area that is mostly composed of grasses and shrubs. The grassland community depends heavily on the primary productivity from the green grasses. In turn the primary productivity of the grassland ecosystem depends on the energy from the sun.

When there is less sunlight, there would be less primary productivity and little energy is transported across the energy pyramid. The low primary productivity owes to a decreased amount of sunlight.

Hence, in the winter, the energy pyramid in a grassland community is thinner than it appears in summer when the sun is intense.

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The high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization of water help in sustaining life on earth by absorbing heat.

The specific heat of vaporization for water is high which helps to make life sustainable on Earth. One mole of water needs 40,000 Joules of energy for vaporizing. Excess heat is stored in the water from the Sun which protects the land on Earth from getting too hot. The heat is then released slowly when the temperature on land decreases.

It is due to the specific heat capacity of water that aquatic life is possible in the oceans. Around 70 percent of the Earth is water which absorbs excess heat energy from the Sun hence protecting the life on Earth from high temperatures.

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Answer:

polysaccharide

Explanation:

The most important structural component of plant cell walls is cellulose. Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in the cell wall of plants. The carbohydrate is a polysaccharide structure. Polysaccharide is made up of a long chain of several sugar units bonded together by chemical linkage. Polysaccharides examples are chitin, glycogen, cellulose, and starch. On average, a dry plant comprises 40 to 50 percent cellulose.

If the concentration of extracellular glucose is lower than the concentration already stored in the cells then the cell needs to undergo Active transport so as to take up the cell.

In the gut wall, active transport takes place. From a low concentration in the stomach to a higher concentration in the blood, sugar is moved with the aid of active transport. This makes it possible for the gut's glucose to be absorbed. The body uses this glucose for Respiration.

What is Active transport?

A type of cellular transport known as active transport involves the movement of materials (such as ions, glucose, and amino acids) across a biological membrane in the direction of an area where a lot of these materials are already present.

Because of this, active transport moves these molecules against their concentration gradient using chemical energy (such as ATP).

As a result, this activity calls for the use of energy as well as the support of membrane proteins such carrier proteins.

The small intestine's wall and root hair cells are frequent locations for active transport (villi).

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A group of animals that share a particular set of characteristics and forms an assemblage is called a taxon

A taxon is a collection of one or more populations of an organism or populations of organisms that taxonomists consider to be a single entity. A taxon is typically known by a specific name and assigned a certain ranking, even though neither is necessary, especially if and when it is approved or becomes established. Taxonomists frequently disagree over what constitutes a taxon and the standards for inclusion, though. If a taxon is awarded a formal scientific name, one of the nomenclature codes that indicate which scientific name is appropriate for which grouping will subsequently dictate how it should be used.

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Answer: describe how the surface area of a cell can influence the maximum size the cell might attain. nutrients come in and out through the cell membrane and as the cell grows, the volume expands faster than the surface area; at a certain size the cell will need more nutrients than can pass through the membrane.

Explanation:

Terrestrial plants (embryonic plants) are a small group of freshwater algae ranging from scaly unicellular flagellates (mesostigma) to complex filamentous thallus with branching, cellular differentiation, and apical growth (charales), streptococcal green algae.

Evolved from Streptococci and embryonic algae make up the Streptococcus division, while the rest of the green algae are classified as green algae. Charales (rockworms) are often considered sisters to terrestrial plants, suggesting a gradual evolution to cellular complexity within streptococcal green algae. Many cells (e.g. phragmoplasts, plasmodesmata, hexameric cellulose synthase, flagellar cell structures, oocyte reproduction with zygote retention) and physiological properties (e.g. photorespiratory mode, phytochrome system) are linked Derived from cocci algae. Phylogenetic studies show that as sisters to all other streptococci, including embryonic plants, Mesostigma (flagellates) and Chlorocybus (sartinoids) form the earliest divergence within streptococci . The question of whether Charales, Coleochaetales, or Zygnematoles are sisters to embryonic plants is still (or again) hotly debated. A project has been initiated to investigate genome evolution within streptococci, including protein families and polyadenylation signals. Consistent with morphological and physiological traits, many molecular traits thought to be specific to embryonic plants may have arose before the chlorophyte/streptococcal division or were derived from streptococcal algae. shown.

Molecular phylogeny and the fossil record allow for detailed reconstructions of the early evolutionary events that gave rise to  true land plants and shaped the present-day diversity and ecology of the interlaced green algae and their progeny plants.

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In the united states, the average age at first marriage was 29  for women  and 27 for men.

In the United States, the median age at first marriage is 29.5 for males and 27.4 for women. Both men and women have a very small number of se xual partners while they are young adults. Only 30% of males and 25% of women between the ages of 20 and 24 say they had more than one se x partner in the 12 months prior.

One of the best methods to maintain a happy and successful marriage is to talk to your spouse. When communicating, be nice and courteous while being honest about how you're feeling.

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The mitotic phase occupies about 5% of the duration of the cell cycle.

The cells of the human body divide once in 24 hours and this duration is divided into two phases:

The mitotic phase represents the phase when the actual cell division takes place.

In the case of humans, out of 24 hours of cell division, almost 23 hours i.e 95% of the cell cycle is occupied by the interphase.

The mitotic phase lasts for only about an hour or 5% of the cell cycle.

When an onion root tip is observed, it also shows the same time duration for the interphase and mitotic phase as seen in the case of humans.

Thus, the mitotic phase occupies about 5% of the duration of the cell cycle.

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Answer: The scientist should form a hypothesis and design an experiment.

Explanation: E 2022

Vascular tissue makes up leaves, bringing in water for ground tissue to perform photosynthesis. Based on this information, leaves are organs.

Plants and other living things employ a process called photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy that may be released through cellular respiration to power the organism's activities.

Any of the major, typically laterally borne, aboveground appendages of a vascular plant stem that are specialized for photosynthesis is called a leaf. Leaves are collectively referred to as "flora," as in "fall foliage," whereas the shoot system consists of the leaves, stem, blossom, and fruit. Palisade mesophyll, which is typically found on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf, is the primary photosynthetic tissue.

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Option 3: One of the general principles of psychoactive drugs is that every drug has multiple effects.

Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect an individual's mental state by altering the working of the central nervous system. Psychoactive drugs are classified into stimulants, depressants, narcotics or opioids, hallucinogens, and marijuana or cannabis. They have various principles that depend upon patient's history, has multiple effects, none of them are too good or too bad, and also their prescription size matters.

All of these drugs have various effects on a person's mental state. If they can drive an individual to euphoria, they can also bring the patient to relax and feel low. If taken in excess amounts, they can even cause coma or death. Therefore, they should not be taken without the prescription of a doctor.

Caffeine and alcohol are two psychoactive drugs that are often consumed by people without prescription. But their consumption should also be limited to avoid unfavorable conditions.

Any of the psychoactive drugs is not bound to produce only one effect. Instead, they can be administered for various conditions owing to their capability of producing multiple effects.

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Answer:

false I think is prokaryotic

Genetic drift will be exacerbated by habitat fragmentation, which will result in less variation.

By reducing effective population size and increasing isolation between populations, habitat fragmentation reduces biodiversity and changes inbreeding and genetic drift within populations as well as the frequency of gene-flow between populations.

Smaller populations may experience random genetic variety loss due to genetic drift, whereas isolation and decreased population connectedness due to dispersion may cause genetic drift to predominate over gene flow and enhance population divergence.

A species' range of features will be reduced by habitat loss if it exhibits local adaption to certain environments.

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Viruses a. cannot be seen in a light microscope.

Viruses can be described as tiny microorganisms that are known for causing many infectious diseases in other organisms.

The size of a virus is too small to be seen under a light microscope. The general size of a virus ranges from 20 to 400 nm. On the other hand, the size range of viewing samples under a light microscope is 500 nm – 1,000 nm. Hence, as viruses size range is lesser than a light microscope, they cannot be observed under a light microscope.

All other options are not correct as viruses are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. Scientists still debate whether to consider viruses as living or non-living particles as they cannot replicate outside a host cell. Binary fission is a process seen in prokaryotes such as bacteria. Viruses do not under binary fission.

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Hypocalcemia is characterized by increased mental and muscle excitability caused by low blood calcium levels.

A deficiency of vitamin D can cause hypocalcemia. It can also indicate a problem with the four tiny glands within the neck (parathyroid glands), cardiac kidneys, or the pancreas.

Chronic hypocalcemia is frequently caused by insufficient amounts of parathyroid hormone either vitamin D or by resistance to such hormones. Treatment focuses on vitamin D and calcium supplements, in addition to magnesium supplementation if a shortfall exists.

Muscle cramps in the legs and the back are very prevalent. Hypocalcemia can damage the brain over time, resulting in neurologic as well as psychologic symptoms such as disorientation, memory loss, delirium, sadness, and hallucinations. If indeed the calcium level is restored, these symptoms will go away.

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I understand that the question you are looking for is:

Which condition is characterized by excessive excitability of the nervous and muscular systems due to low blood calcium levels?

Multiple choice question.

A. Hyperthyroidism

B. Hypocalcemia

C. Hypothyroidism

D. Hypercalcemia

The increased risk of leukemia in someone with down syndrome reaches from increased word of a small digit of decreases on chromosome 21.

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Answer:

vibration of sound and blind stick

Explanation:

just like everyone dance with the vibrations of music so can blind people.every voice is different some have deep some have high pitch sound

According to the given statement 26 chromosomes are in one meiotic cell during telophase 2.

The thread-like components known as chromosomes are found in the nucleus of both plant and animal cells. Proteins and a single unit of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA).The exact directions that give each type of living thing its uniqueness are encoded in DNA, which is handed down from parents to offspring.

The basic function of chromosomes is to transport DNA and transmit genetic material through one generations to the next. Cell division depends heavily on chromosomes. They protect the DNA against tangles and harm.

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Because he has high blood pressure, jake watches his diet and takes antihypertension medication. these behaviors are examples of __Secondary___ prevention.

Hypertension, another name for high blood pressure, is elevated blood pressure. Depending on your activity, your blood pressure changes throughout the day. A diagnosis of high blood pressure (also known as hypertension) may be made if blood pressure readings are consistently above normal.

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theres no queston or image to reference from

It will be eliminated in the cytoplasm, according to the supplied statement.

The correct option is C.

The endoplasmic reticulum serves as the eukaryotic cell nucleus transportation system in addition to carrying out numerous other essential functions like protein folding.

The Golgi apparatus is a component located in all eukaryotic cells. It is also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or merely simply Golgi. It is a component of the cytoplasmic endomembrane system that bundles proteins onto membrane-bound vesicles before they are transported to their destination.

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, serves as a factory where proteins from the ER have been further processed and sorted before being transported to their final destinations: lysosomes, endothelial plasma membrane, or secretion.

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I understand that the question you are looking for is:

A protein undergoes post-translational processing in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. However, the protein is incorrectly folded and won't be functional. What will happen to it?

a. It will be returned to the ribosomes.

b. It will be carried to the plasma membrane for removal from the cell.

c. It will be destroyed in the cytoplasm.

d. It will travel through the nuclear pores to the nucleus.

e. It will be transported to the lysosomes in vesicles for destruction

A volcanic eruption covers a mountainside with molten rock is MOST likely to be followed by primary succession in the area where the event occurs.

Primary succession refers to the process of ecological succession that occurs in an area where no previous ecosystem existed. This process begins with the colonization of a previously unoccupied area, such as a new volcanic island or ash-covered land after a volcanic eruption, by pioneer species, which are typically hardy, fast-growing organisms that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions.

Over time, these pioneer species create a suitable habitat for other organisms, leading to the development of a more complex ecosystem. Primary succession is a gradual process that can take hundreds or even thousands of years to complete.

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Answer:

evolution of man/natural selection.

Explanation:

his demonstration on evolution.

The ID50 value is defined as the concentration of antiviral drug required to reduce the HSV-specific DNA by 50% compared with the untreated virus controls.

The median infective dose (ID50) of Cryptosporidium parvum and to describe the dose–response relationship including associated clinical illness in experimentally challenged dairy calves. Within the first 24 h of life, 27 test calves were experimentally challenged with C. parvum oocysts and 3 control calves were sham dosed. Test calves received 1 of 8 possible doses (25, 50, 100, 500, 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, and 1 × 106 oocysts).

The infective dosage, or ID50, is the average amount of organisms or virus particles expected to cause infection in 50% of healthy adult humans exposed by a specified pathway.

Here the virus with a much lower ID50 requires a lower viral load to infect a human compared to a bacteria with an ID50 of 100,000. Hence the virus has a higher infectivity then bacteria .

The ID50 value is defined as the concentration of antiviral drug required to reduce the HSV-specific DNA by 50% compared with the untreated virus controls. In the Clinical Virology Laboratory at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, HSV isolates with in vitro ID50 values of ≥2 μg/ml for acyclovir and ≥100 μg/ml for foscarnet are considered resistant to these antiviral agents.

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The information that directs different polypeptides to fold into different shapes is the order and typee of amino acids (i.e., the primary structure) conatins the information that directs folding.

Polypeptides are made up of two words which are poly which means many and peptide which are the chain of amino acids joined by peptide bond polypeptides are the primary structure of the proteins made by amino acids and by the release of one water molecule from one amine and one hydroxyl group which are NH2 and OH respectively and this primary structure further leads to the formation of secondary tertiary and quarternary structures .

which depends upon the different types of bonding found in them .

which can be hydrogen bonding, van der wall forces, disulfide linkage, ionic bonding, and electrostatic forces and the presence of amino acids in the primary structure further directs the folding of the primary proteins as if cystine amino acid is present in large amount it will form disulfide linkage due to presencee of sulphur in the cystine group and this will lead to formation for quartnery folding,

if amino acids like glycine or arginene are present they will lead to formation pf secondry structures as they will form the hydrogen bonding and also the position of these peimary amino acids determines the direction of folding to form the 3D conformation and the correct folding is very necessary as misfolding can lead to malfunctioning of all the cellular processes happening in the body.

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