O2 can only be ionized by light with a maximum wavelength of 99.39 nm.
What is ionization energy?The ionization energy measures an element's ability to participate in chemical processes that call for the creation of ions or the donation of electrons.
ionization energy of O2 = 1205 kJ
energy = hv
= h × wavelength/speed of light
wavelength = 1205000× 3 ×10⁸ /6.626 ×10³⁴
wavelength = 99.39 nm.
He is symbolized by the highest ionization energy. The outermost shell has a high ionization energy, is stable, and does not frequently become unstable due to electron loss. Ionization can be induced by waves with energies greater than 134 nm. 225nm light lacks the energy to ionize gold because it is greater than 134nm.
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an aqueous solution contains 0.22 m sodium fluoride. one liter of this solution could be converted into a buffer by the addition of:
One liter of this solution could be converted into a buffer by the addition of 0.25 mol of NH3 and 0.13 mol of KOH.
What is aqueous solution and what needs to be added in one litre of this solution to convert it into buffer?The solution in which the solvent is basically water is called aqueous solution and sugar solution is one such example.Here is given the 0.22 molal sodium fluoride in an aqueous solution , and one liter of this solution needs to be converted to buffer.Basically aqueous in a solution indicates that the substance in the solution is dispersed in water.0.25 mol of NH3 and 0.13 mol of KOH needs to be added to an aqueous solution containing 0.22 molal sodium fluoride.Hence 0.25 mol of NH3 and 0.13 mol of KOH needs to be added to convert into buffer .To know more about solution visit:
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if both nadph and ribose-5-p are needed which of the following best represents the net reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway?
While NADPH is necessary for the synthesis of several organic compounds, ribose 5 phosphate is required for the synthesis of nucleic acid. The whole oxidation of glucose happens in the cytosol via the pentose phosphate route, which generates NADPH and CO2 but not ATP.
Are biosynthetic reactions dependent on ribose-5-P?
If ribose-5-P is not required for biosynthetic processes but NADPH is.
What results from the reaction of ribulose with glucose-6-phosphate?
In this process, a single molecule of glucose-6-phosphate breaks down into two molecules of NADPH and one molecule of ribulose-5-phosphate in the presence of a water molecule and NADP+.
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Ribulose 5-phosphate - 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + CO Glucose 6-phosphate - 2 NADP+ + H2O is the overall result for this process.
What metabolic processes occur all along pentose phosphate pathway?Here are the eight responses: NADPH is produced via the following reactions: reaction 1 transforms sugar 6-phosphate into D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate; reaction 2 creates 6-phospho-D-gluconate; reaction 3 creates ribulose 5-phosphate; and reaction 4.
What does the name "pentose phosphate pathway" mean?The five-carbon sugar ribose is referred to as pentose, while nicotinamide adenine phosphate, or NADPH, is referred to as phosphate in the name of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Why would changing the temperature of a light stick affect the intensity of the
light that it emits? Consider what is occurring at the molecular scale that would affect the
rate of the reaction. Which of these light sticks do you think would stop glowing first?
Place the following gases in order of increasing density at STP. N2 NH3 N2O4 Ar
Gases in ascending order of density at NH3, N2, Ar, and N2O4. When the temperature of a gas rises, its density rises as well..
What are the four different sorts of gases?By examining the four major gases you're monitoring for—oxygen (O2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methane (CH4)—a 4 gas monitor can help you protect your employees in any setting.
Is fog a gas?When there is more water vapor than the air can hold, clouds form. The water is what gives the cloud its visual appearance once the water vapour (gas) condenses to create minute water droplets (liquid). Due to their tiny size, these droplets float in the air.
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Write a balanced chemical equation that describes an acid-base reaction that would allow you to determine the moles of aspirin present in a sample.
A balanced equation representing the acid-base reaction that allows the calculation of the moles of aspirin in a sample is
[tex]C_{9} H_{8}O_{4} + NaOH[/tex]⇒ [tex]C_{9} H_{7}O_{4} Na+ H_{2} O[/tex]
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic.
Aspirin is a benzoic acid with an ortho-substituted acylated alcohol function (actually a phenol). Therefore, two reactions can occur when aspirin and NaOH are combined: In fact, several aspirin formulations contain this ingredient.
Hence, A balanced equation representing the acid-base reaction that allows the calculation of the moles of aspirin in a sample is
[tex]C_{9} H_{8}O_{4} + NaOH[/tex]⇒ [tex]C_{9} H_{7}O_{4} Na+ H_{2} O[/tex]
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The bonds that hold trna molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are __________.
The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are hydrogen bonds.
What is hydrogen bonding?Hydrogen bonding is defined as a special category of attractive intermolecular forces generated from the dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom attached to a very strong electronegative atom and another strong electronegative atom.
For example, In water molecules, an H-atom is bound together by an electronegative O-atom. Hydrogen bonding in water molecules is due to the dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom of a water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule.
The strength of hydrogen bonding is much more compared to dispersion force and dipole-dipole forces.
Therefore, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between bases of the tRNA molecules is in the correct three-dimensional shape.
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A student is investigating the role of cellular transport in maintaining homeostasis. The student covers one end of a tube containing a 10% sugar solution with a semipermeable membrane. The student places the tube into a beaker that contains a 5% sugar solution. The student observes water from the beaker entering the tube. Which best describes the type of cellular transport that the student is investigating?.
The best describes the type of cellular transport that the student is investigating would be passive transport of osmosis.
OsmosisPassive transport is transport that does not require energy. This transport occurs due to differences in concentration between substances or solutions that move from high concentrations to low concentrations. There are three types of passive transport namely diffusion, assisted diffusion and osmosis.
Basically, osmosis includes diffusion events. However, in osmosis, what moves through a semipermeable membrane is water from a hypotonic solution (high water concentration, low solute concentration) to a hypertonic solution (low water concentration, high solute concentration). For example, potatoes that are soaked in concentrated sugar water for several hours will experience weight loss. This is because the water in the potato cells moves into the sugar solution.
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Use the appropriate number of sig. figs. for all of the below calculations.
6. A gentleman from Europe who is only familiar with the metric system ask you (the chemistry student) to please do the following conversion:
5.65 mi./ hr =? m/s
ans: 2.53 m/s
Answer:
your answer is correct tho
Explanation:
The thing here is to base the number of significant figures in the given.DO NOT USE THE CONVERSION FACTOR TO FIND THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT FIGURES USED TO FIND THE ANSWER.
please rate it,Thanks.
How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds?
a) Protons are transferred in a covalent bond.
b) Electrons are shared in a covalent bond.
c) Electrons are transferred in a covalent bond.
d) Protons are shared in a covalent bond.
help please
Answer:
b) electrons are shared in a covalent bond
Explanation:
remember for ionic bonding, it occurs between a metal and a non-metal, we know that the metal donates electrons to the non-metal while the non-metal is the receiver.
the reason why the metal donates electron is usually because it has between 1-3 electrons on its valence shell and therefore there is a weaker attraction of the positive nucleus to the outermost electrons hence why it is readily donated.
the opposite occurs for the non-metals hence why it readily accepts electrons to become stable
Amplitude is the term used to describe the width of a wave.
True
Or
False
False, Amplitude is not the term used to describe the width of a wave.
Amplitude of a wave basically refers to the maximum amount of displacement of a particle on a medium from the position of its rest.
So we can say thar amplitude is nothing but the distance from the rest position to its crest of the wave. Amplitude can also be calculated from the trough position of the graph.
whereas the width of a wave is nothing but the distance between the highest surface part of the wave called crest to the lowest surface part of the wave called trough. So distance between a crest and a trough is actually the width of a wave.
So amplitude is not used to determine the width of the wave
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in terms of intermolecular forces, why might it be beneficial to dissolve a very small amount of ionic solid in the acetone chromatography solvent?
The force that mediates a molecule's interaction with another molecule, including electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion, is known as an intermolecular force (IMF) or secondary force.
How does chromatography differ as a result of intermolecular forces?Intermolecular forces, such hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole interactions in chromatography, are another factor that aids in keeping the analyte attached to your column's stationary phase. The compound is kept in the column longer and with greater strength as a result of stronger intermolecular forces.
How is chromatography affected by the solvent?We cannot separate a combination of components into their distinct components if the chromatography solvent is highly polar in nature. - The mixture of components cannot be separated into their individual components if the chromatography solvent is non-polar.
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if neither the volume nor the pressure of the system changes during the process, how is the change in internal energy related to the change in enthalpy
Change in enthalpy of the system is directly proportional to the change in internal energy.
What is enthalpy?
A thermodynamic system's enthalpy, which is one of its properties, is calculated by adding the system's internal energy to the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is frequently used to monitor chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant pressure that is conveniently given by the sizable surrounding environment. The energy necessary to determine the system's physical dimensions, or to make room for it by displacing its surrounds, is expressed by the pressure-volume phrase. Under typical conditions, the pressure-volume term is very small for solids and liquids and moderately small for gases.
The change in the enthalpy of the system during a chemical reaction is equal to the change in its internal energy plus the change in the product of the pressure times change in the volume of the system. Here it is given that change in pressure as well as change in volume is zero.Hence change in enthalpy of the system is directly proportional to the change in internal energy..
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A student wants to conduct an investigation that will determine a physical property
of an unknown substance. which of these procedures would best measure a physical property of unknown sample.
The procedures which would best measure a physical property of unknown sample include the following:
1. Place the sample in a resealable, zip-top bag.
2. Firmly close the zip-top bag.
3. Lightly tap the sample with a hammer.
4. Observe if the sample dents, breaks, or shatters.
5. Record your observations.
What is a physical property?In Science, a physical property can be defined as the properties of an object that can be measured and observed without changing or altering the chemical composition of the object.
The types of physical property.In Chemistry, there are two (2) main types of physical property and these include the following:
Extensive propertyIntensive propertyIn conclusion, the aforementioned physical properties such as placing the unknown sample in a zip-top bag that is resealable and firmly close the zip-top bag.
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Complete Question:
A student wants to conduct an investigation that will determine a physical property of an unknown substance. Which of these procedures would best measure a physical property of the unknown sample?
answer choices
1. Create an acidic solution by adding 5 mL vinegar to 100 mL water
2. Place the sample into the acidic solution
3. Observe if the sample begins to fizz in the solution
4. Record your observations
1. Place the sample in a resealable, zip-top bag
2. Firmly close the zip-top bag
3. Lightly tap the sample with a hammer
4. Observe if the sample dents, breaks, or shatters
5. Record your observations
1. Using tongs, hold the sample over a flame
2. Observe if the sample catches on fire
3. Record your observations
1. Break the sample into a fine powder
2. Add the powder to a 500 mL beaker
3. Add 300 mL of water to the beaker and use to stirring rod to mix
4. Using a dropper, add 4 drops of universal pH indicator to the solution
5.Observe any color change in the sample6. Record your observations
a cation of 2 indicates that an element has question 25 options: a) gained two protons. b) lost two neutrons. c) gained two electrons. d) lost two protons. e) lost two electrons.
When an element has a cation of +2, it has lost two electrons. A solution is a choice (E).
In electrolysis, the cathode would be drawn to a positively charged ion called a cation. In order for a cation to develop, one or more electrons must be lost, usually by the action of atoms with a larger affinity for them.
Following the chemical symbol is a number indicating the number of electrons lost and consequently the charge of the ion. For example, silver (Ag) loses one electron to become Ag+ while zinc (Zn) loses two electrons to become Zn2+.
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0.222 g of a divalent metal is deposited when a current of 0.45 A is passed through a solution of its salt for 25 minutes. calculate the relative atomic mass of the metal
The weight of a metal deposited in electrolysis is related to its equivalent mass and current. The atomic mass of the metal is calculated as 31.45 g.
What is electrolysis?Electrolysis is the process of conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy by passing electrical current through an electrolyte accompanied by the reduction and deposition of a metal.
The weight w of metal deposited in cathode is related to the current I and the time t and the atomic mass a as follows:
w = a It /96500
Where 96500 C is called 1 faraday the charge required to deposit one mole of the metal.
Given w = 0.222 = a × 0.45 A × 25 × 60 s/ 96500
a = ( 0.22 × 96500) / (0.45 × 25 × 60)
= 31.45 g
Hence, the atomic weight of the metal is 31.45 g.
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Which diagram represents the correct proportion of 87Rb to its decay
product, 87Sr, after two half-lives?
The upper left corner is 87 Rb (option-b).
Where does 87Rb come from?To determine the age of old rocks, scientists use the radioactive isotope rubidium-87. Its 49 billion-year half-life is very long. In high-accuracy timing devices like GPS receivers, it serves as a frequency standard as well. Bose-Einstein condensates and laser cooling are two additional uses for it.
The strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope ratio is a significant and potent investigative tool that has been used extensively and successfully in petrogenesis (e.g., Nakai et al., 1993; Subas et al., 2015; Kozlik et al., 2016), mineral weathering, and acidity in soils (e.g., Graustein and Armstrong, 1983; Bullen et al., 2016).
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Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction what form of energy does it use
What is the sequence of nitrogenous bases that pairs with adenine cytosine and guanine?.
Base pair of DNA. The chlorine bases adenine (A), thymine (T), and cytosine (C), as well as guanine (G), couple together under normal conditions.
Waste made of nitrogen is what?The waste products left over after protein metabolism are nitrogenous wastes. Urine is the primary way that nitrogen wastes are expelled combined with water. These wastes include ammonia, urea, uric acid, etc.
What is a nitrogenous example?Amides, amides, amines, imines, esters, objective, azo compounds, cyanates, imide, nitrates, ammonium nitrate, nitrogen compounds, and so on are examples of organic nitrogen. One of the primary constituent elements of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and nitrogenous bases.
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Mrs. Halpin's wedding ring has a total mass of 5.43 g. It is made of 5.26 g of gold and has 0.170 grams of diamonds on it. Assuming the gold ring is pure gold, what is the volume of her ring?
The density of gold is 19.3 g/mL.
The density of diamond is 3.51 g/mL
I got 0.321mL but I dont know if its right so could someone check it
Density is an intensive property as it does not depend on the quantity of the substances Whereas mass and volume are extensive property. The total volume of ring is 0.31ml.
What is density?Density tells about the compactness of the substances, how much dense is the substances in other words. Object that is more denser than water they just sink in the water
Mathematically,
Density = Mass ÷volume marked on the graduated cylinder
Density of gold =19.3 g/mL.
Mass of gold=5.26 g
Volume of gold= 5.26 g ÷ 19.3 g/mL.=0.27ml
Density of diamonds= 3.51 g/mL
Mass of diamonds=0.170 grams
Volume of diamonds= 0.170 g ÷ 3.51 g/mL.=0.27ml=0.04ml
Total volume =0.27ml+0.04ml=0.31ml
Therefore, the total volume of ring is 0.31ml.
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Methyl orange might be selected as an indicator for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid. Can you estimate the ph at the equivalence point?.
Yes. The pH of 3.7 should be the equivalency point.
Methyl orange is employed as a strong acid and weak base indication for what reason?Methyl orange transforms from a basic to an acidic color during a strong acid weak base titration, making it a useful chemical indicator. In acidic and basic media, respectively, methyl orange exhibits red and yellow colors. In titration, the solution appears yellow at first because the pH is high.
Methyl orange is a frequently used pH indicator in titrations because of its easy-to-see color shift. Because it changes color at a weak acid's pH, it is frequently employed in acid titrations. Methyl orange turns red in an acidic medium while turning yellow in a basic one.
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identify the precipitate(s) of the reaction that occurs when a silver nitrate solution is mixed with a sodium chloride solution.
The precipitate of reaction that occurs when silver nitrate solution is mixed with sodium chloride solution is of silver chloride (AgCI).
The chemical equation for this precipitation reaction is as following:
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) --> AgCl(s) [precipitate]+NaNO3(aq)
Silver Chloride is a chemical compound which is poorly soluble in water because the chemical bond between Ag+ and Cl is very strong as the two ions are nearly the same size and have similar electronic densities. If the chemical bond is strong, it is difficult for water molecules to break this bond to surround the individual ions, thus solubility will decrease.learn more about precipitate at
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Why is it important not to leave fingerprints or scratch the sample cells in spectrophotometric measurements?.
The amount of light that reaches the detector can be reduced by scuffs and fingerprints on the surface of the cell. Your results won't be correct if this happens.
To measure the concentration of a particular solution precisely, this equipment requires cautious usage. If certain preparatory processes weren't followed, the wavelength could be off.
Always use a lint-free cloth to clean or manipulate the cuvette, and be careful to wipe out any water that may have accidentally dropped inside.
Although each fingerprint is unique, they all fall into one of three main categories: the whorl, which resembles a spiral, the loop, which resembles a teardrop, and the arch, which resembles a cross-section of a hill.
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the following reaction between structural isomers occurs in the gas phase: cyclopropane (c3h6) --> propene (c3h6) at 952k, 19.6% of a sample of cyclopropane changes to propene in 7.57 min. what is the half-life of cyclopropane at 952k?
Based on the conversion rate, the half-life of cyclopropane is 23.1 min.
Remaining cyclopropane amount = 100 - 19.6
Remaining cyclopropane amount = 80.4%
Using the formula -
ln remaining amount = - kt, where k is constant and t is time.
Keep the values -
ln (0.804) = -k7.57
Keep the value of ln 0.804
k = -0.22 ÷ -7.57
Cancelled negative sign and performing division
k = 0.03/min
t = 0.693 ÷ k
t = 0.693 ÷ 0.03
Performing division to find the half-life
time = 23.1 min
So, the half-life of cyclopropane is 23.1 min.
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Calculate the amount (in mol ) in 8.80g of carbon dioxide CO2
Answer:
Molar Mass of CO2 = 12 + (16*2) = 44g/mol
8.80g CO2 x (1mol/44g) = 0.20mol
Explanation:
Cobalt-60 is a radioisotope that decays by first order kinetics with a half life of 5. 26 years. When used in radiotherapy, a cobalt-60 unit is replaced when the concentration of co decreases to 75% of its initial value. When does this occur?.
After 2.18 years this radioactive outcomes occur.
For a first order reaction, we have the equation: [Co] = [Co]0 * 2-t/t1/2, where [Co]0 is the inital concentration of Co, [Co] is concentration at time t and t1/2 is half life
We are given [Co] = 75 % of [Co]0 = 75/100 * [Co]0
Pluggin this into the above equation:
75/100 * [Co]0 = [Co]0 * 2-t/5.26
Solving, t = 2.18 years
The capacity of some substances to spontaneously emit energy and subatomic particles is known as radioactivity. It is, in essence, a property of certain atomic nuclei. An unstable nucleus will spontaneously decay, or transform into a more stable structure, however this only occurs in a limited number of specific ways by ejecting certain particles or types of electromagnetic radiation. Radioactive decay is a property that many naturally occurring elements and their manufactured isotopes have.
The rate of radioactive element decay is measured by the half-life of an element, which is the period of time it takes for one-half of any given quantity of the isotope to decay. Half-lives for certain nuclei might range from greater than 1024 years to less than 1023 seconds.
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what mass of ammonium chloride must be added to a 0.500 l solution of 0.250 m ammonia to make a buffer with a ph of 9.26? kb (nh3)
The mass of ammonium chloride must be added to a 0.500 l solution of 0.250 m ammonia to make a buffer with a pH of 9.26 is 10.16 g.
given that :
pH = 9.26
molarity = 0.250
volume = 0.500 L
the formula for the pH is given as :
pH = pKa + log ( base / acid )
pKa for ammonia = 9.25
putting all the value in the equation we get:
9.26 = 9.25 + log ( 0.250 × 0.5 ) / NH₄Cl
moles of NH₄Cl = 0.19 mol
mass of NH₄Cl = molar mass × number of moles
mass of NH₄Cl = 53.49 × 0.19
mass of NH₄Cl = 10.16 g
Thus, The mass of ammonium chloride must be added to a 0.500 l solution of 0.250 m ammonia to make a buffer with a pH of 9.26 is 10.16 g.
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Compared to the equilibrium vapor pressure of ch3oh(l) at 300 k, the equilibrium vapor pressure of c2h5oh(l) at 300 k is.
Because London, less The forces of dispersion between C2H5OH molecules are stronger than between CH3OH molecules.
What does "molecular" mean?a material's smallest unit that possesses both of its physical and chemical characteristics. Within molecules, more atom division takes place. For instance, the atom and molecule of oxygen are represented by the letters O and Molecular oxygen, respectively.
What do the body's molecules do?The majority of molecules in the human body are "organic" molecules, which have a skeleton formed of carbon atoms connected to other elements, and water, a molecule with two protons and one oxygen atoms. Large biological molecules can be divided into four main categories: lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
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What are 2 similarities and 2 differences between ionic and covalent bonds?.
While ions in a covalent bond are shared evenly by the atoms, an ionic bond guidance and suggestions an electrons to the other atom involved in the bond.
In plain English, what is a covalent bond?When two atoms exchange an electron pair, they form an interatomic connection known as a covalent bond in chemistry. The electrical interaction of their protons for the identical electrons is what causes the binding.
What causes a covalent bond to form?A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or even more pairs of electrons. The two two atoms are concurrently drawing these electrons to them. When the difference in two atoms' electronegativities is too low for an electron transfer to happen, a covalent bond is created.
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The table below gives the numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons in four atoms.
Atom
1
2
3
4
Number of protons
9
99
19
Based on the table, which atom has a charge of -1?
01
02
3
▸
Number of neutrons
8
19
19
10
Number of electrons
9
8
10
19
The numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons in four atoms. Atom 1 has charge of -1.
Atom 1 2 3 4
Number of protons 9 9 9 19
Number of neutrons 8 19 19 10
Number of electrons 9 8 19 19
An atom is a particle of remember that uniquely defines a chemical element. An atom consists of a important nucleus this is surrounded by using one or extra negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is definitely charged and carries one or extra exceedingly heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.
An atom is any particle of count number at its most simple level which contains at the least one proton. here are a few examples of the atoms: hydrogen (H) and neon (Ne). However in terms of the phrase atom, we ought to go to historic Greece of four hundred B.C. And there has been a first rate truth seeker named Democritus, and he proposed the Greek word atomos, which means that uncuttable. And so as he defined, all count become ultimately reducible to discrete, small debris or atomos.
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How are lichens or moss similar to the pioneer species, like grass, that colonize an abandoned field? How are they different?
They both are considered the first species. They both have the way prepared for them by other species. Lichens and moss can exist where there is no soil, while pioneer species, such as grass, need soil to grow.
They both are considered the second species. They both have the way prepared for them by other species. Lichens and moss can exist where there is no soil, while pioneer species, such as grass, need soil to grow.
They both are considered the first species. They both have the way prepared for them by other species. Lichens and moss cannot exist where there is no soil, while pioneer species, such as grass, do not need soil to grow.
They both are considered the first species. They both prepare the way for other species. Lichens and moss can exist where there is no soil, while pioneer species, such as grass, need soil to grow.
Lichens or moss similar to the pioneer species, like grass, that colonize an abandoned field is lichens and moss can exist where there is no soil, while pioneer species, such as grass, need soil to grow
A moss is a simple plant and the lichen is the fungi and algae sandwich and mosses are multicellular organism with leaflets of photosynthetic cell and just as with trees, ferns and wildflowers and lichen are usually considered pioneer species because they are able to grow on bare surfaces like rock and a lichen is a producer that is actually composed of two different species a fungus and a algae and the alga photosynthesizes while the fungus absorbs nutrients from rock and hold water
And through their ability to adapt to living in extreme conditions and lichen can colonize substrates that are low in nutrients and are considered as true pioneer
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