The key difference between obsessions and compulsions involve repetitive... Behaviors. A person troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions is most likely

The hare can afford to nap for a maximum time of 6.67 seconds without losing the race if his speed is 15 m/s.

After running for 7 seconds, the hare has covered a distance of:

[tex]d_h = v_h * t = 15 m/s * 7 s = 105 m[/tex]

The hare is now 895 m away from the starting line and 100 m away from the finish line. The tortoise is 895 m away from the starting line and moving towards the finish line at a speed of 0.27 m/s.

The hare needs to cover a distance of 100 m to reach the finish line, while the tortoise needs to cover a distance of 895 m. If the hare takes a nap for a certain amount of time, the tortoise will continue to move towards the finish line and may eventually cross the finish line before the hare wakes up.

We can calculate the time it would take the tortoise to reach the finish line by dividing the distance by its speed:

[tex]t_t = d_t / v_t = 895 m / 0.27 m/s = 3314 s[/tex]

The hare needs to wake up and cover the remaining distance to the finish line before the tortoise does. The distance the hare needs to cover is:

[tex]d_h = 100 m[/tex]

The maximum speed of the hare is 15 m/s, which means the time it would take the hare to cover the distance is:

[tex]t_h = d_h / v_h = 100 m / 15 m/s = 6.67 s[/tex]

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The freezing point of the solution will decreases by the addition of the salt. The freezing point of the solution is  - 0.76 °C and boiling point increases to 100.21  °C.

The addition of a nonvolatile salt into a solvent will decrease the freezing point of the solution. Similarly the salt addition will increases the boiling point of the solution. Both are colligative properties and depends on the molality as written below:

ΔTf = Kf m

ΔTb = Kb m

Where, kb for water is 0.52 °C kg/mol and Kf is 1.86 °C kg/mol.

Molar mass of FeCl₃ = 162.3 g/mol

no.of moles in 10.6 g = 10.6 /162. 3 = 0.065 moles.

mass of water = 159 g = 0.159 kg.

molality of the solution = 0.065 mol/0.159 kg = 0.4088.

now, ΔT  = 0.186 °C kg/mol × 0.4088 = 0.76

T = 0 - 0.76 = -0.76°C (freezing point of water = 0°C ).

Similarly ΔTb  = 0.52 °C kg/mol × 0.4088 = 0.212

Tb = 100 + 0.212 = 100.21 °C (boiling point of water =100°C ).

Therefore, the freezing point of the solution is- 0.76  °C and boiling point of the solution is 100.21 °C.

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Yes, that is correct. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has recognized a temperature of 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) recorded on July 10, 1913, at Furnace Creek Ranch in Death Valley, California, USA, as the highest temperature ever reliably recorded on Earth. This record was set during a period of intense heat in the region and remains the subject of some debate and scrutiny by scientists due to the quality of the recording equipment used at the time.

In order to foster worldwide collaboration in meteorology, the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its phenomena, and allied geophysical disciplines, the United Nations has established the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It was founded in 1950, and Geneva, Switzerland, serves as its corporate headquarters.

The WMO's goals are to encourage the growth and use of meteorology for the benefit of humanity and to make it easier for its member nations to exchange meteorological and related information. National meteorological and hydrological services are given direction and support by it, which enables them to build better weather forecasting and warning systems as well as methods for dealing with the effects of weather-related disasters and climate change.

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is in charge of a number of significant global projects and programs, such as the World Weather Watch, which gathers and disseminates meteorological information and forecasts globally, and the Global Atmosphere Watch, which tracks changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and their effects on climate and the environment.

For the measurement of weather and climate variables, the WMO also upholds a number of international standards and norms. It also plays a significant role in advancing scientific research and capacity building in developing nations.

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Yes, that is correct. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has recognized a temperature of 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) recorded on July 10, 1913, at Furnace Creek Ranch in Death Valley, California, USA, as the highest temperature ever reliably recorded on Earth.

In order to foster worldwide collaboration in meteorology, the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its phenomena, and allied geophysical disciplines, the United Nations has established the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It was founded in 1950, and Geneva, Switzerland, serves as its corporate headquarters.

The WMO's goals are to encourage the growth and use of meteorology for the benefit of humanity and to make it easier for its member nations to exchange meteorological and related information. National meteorological and hydrological services are given direction and support by it, which enables them to build better weather forecasting and warning systems as well as methods for dealing with the effects of weather-related disasters and climate change.

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is in charge of a number of significant global projects and programs, such as the World Weather Watch, which gathers and disseminates meteorological information and forecasts globally, and the Global Atmosphere Watch, which tracks changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and their effects on climate and the environment.

For the measurement of weather and climate variables, the WMO also upholds a number of international standards and norms. It also plays a significant role in advancing scientific research and capacity building in developing nations.

This record was set during a period of intense heat in the region and remains the subject of some debate and scrutiny by scientists due to the quality of the recording equipment used at the time.

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In any interaction between objects, the total momentum of the objects before the interaction is equal to the total momentum of the objects after the interaction.

Conservation of momentum is a fundamental law of physics that states that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved if no external forces act on the system.

During a collision, momentum is transferred between the objects involved in the collision. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of the objects before the collision is equal to the total momentum of the objects after the collision. This means that the momentum of the system as a whole is conserved.

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If the force required to pull the two separate blocks at constant speed is F, then the force required to pull the two stacked blocks at a constant speed will be 2F.

When two blocks are tied together and pulled across a level surface with friction, the force required to pull them at constant speed is determined by the frictional force between the blocks and the surface. Let's call this force F.

When one block is stacked on top of the other, the total mass of the two blocks is now doubled, but the contact area between the blocks and the surface remains the same. As a result, the frictional force between the blocks and the surface will also double, since it is proportional to the normal force (the force perpendicular to the surface), which is equal to the weight of the blocks. Therefore, the force required to pull the two stacked blocks at a constant speed will be twice the original force F required to pull the two separate blocks.

In other words, if the force required to pull the two separate blocks at constant speed is F, then the force required to pull the two stacked blocks at a constant speed will be 2F.

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Strong nuclear force acts between neutrons and protons and does not influence chemical reactions, so nuclei in your body are not spontaneously exploding, hence option D is correct.

The nuclear force is a kind of force that acts between the protons and neutrons of atoms. Neutrons and protons, both nucleons, are influenced by the nuclear force almost equally.

It is the force that binds neutrons and protons together and does not allow them to fly apart. This force can act between neutrons and protons, protons and protons, and neutrons and neutrons.

Therefore, strong nuclear force is responsible for this phenomenon.

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The sign "kg" stands for kilogramme (kg), which is the unit of mass used in gravity calculations.

The kilogramme is the standard mass unit that is used almost globally and is the SI unit of mass. The kilogramme weighs 9.8 Newtons under normal conditions on the surface of the Earth, and the Newton is the corresponding SI unit of force and weight.

The unit of measurement for mass, or mass in kilogramme, is matter. A bird's bulk remains constant. No matter where you weigh something—on Earth, the Moon, or Mars—it always weighs 15 grammes. Weight is a measurement of the gravitational pull of an object and is determined by newtons.

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Answer:

The efficiency of a simple machine such as an inclined plane will decrease if the plane is made steeper. This is because a steeper plane requires more force to lift the same load, leading to a greater loss of energy due to friction and other sources of inefficiency. A gentler slope allows the force applied to the load to be spread out over a greater distance, reducing the force required to lift the load and therefore increasing the overall efficiency of the machine.

Explanation:

ALLEN

The correct claim the student can make is: B. The mass definitely stayed the same because the ranges of uncertainty overlap exactly.

A measurement of the quantity of matter in an item or system, mass is a basic physical characteristic of matter. Due to its scalar nature, it has simply magnitude and no direction. One of the most fundamental ideas in physics is mass, which is also connected to other key ideas like weight, force, and energy.

The kilogram is the SI unit of mass (kg). There are several ways to measure mass, but the most popular one is with a balance or a scale. A balance assesses an object's mass in relation to a recognized standard. Contrarily, a scale employs a force to overcome an object's gravitational pull before measuring the result.

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Answer:

The formula is:

v = f λ

Where,

v is the velocity or speed of the wave (in m/s)

f is the frequency of the wave (in Hz)

λ is the wavelength of the wave (in m)

We can rearrange this formula to solve for the frequency:

f = v / λ

We are given the speed and the wavelength of the wave, so we can plug them into the formula:

f = 47 m/s / 25 m

f = 1.88 Hz

To give the answer to 2 decimal places, we round it to:

f = 1.88 Hz

Therefore, the frequency of the wave is 1.88 Hz.

Explanation:

Answer:

1.88 Hz.

Explanation:

The frequency (f) of a wave is related to its speed (v) and wavelength (λ) by the equation f = v/λ.

So to find the frequency of a wave with a speed of 47 m/s and a wavelength of 25 m, we just need to substitute these values into the equation:

f = 47 m/s / 25 m

f = 1.88 Hz

Rounding to 2 decimal places, the frequency of the wave is 1.88 Hz.

An electron behaves in ways that are at least partially indeterminate it means electron does not follow the same trajectory.

An electron is a quantum entity and a very tiny atom. The bonding of individual atoms depends heavily on electrons. The charge on the electron is adverse.

Species holding negative charge are popular by the name of" electrons" and electromagnetic field is employed to capture electrons by laboratory instruments. Several chemistry generalities are described using electrons and colorful subatomic patches.

This statement means that electrons have indeterminate geste which states that under identical conditions an electron doesn't follow the same line. Also, the electrons don't land in the same spot each time. thus, an electron behaves in ways that are at least incompletely indeterminate.

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The angular frequency of the oscillations is 3.126 rad/s.

To find the angular frequency of the oscillations, we need to use the formula:

ω = √(k/m)

where ω is the angular frequency, k is the spring constant, and m is the mass attached to the spring.

First, let's find the spring constant k. According to Hooke's law, the force F applied to a spring is proportional to its displacement x from its equilibrium position, and the constant of proportionality is the spring constant k:

F = -kx

where the negative sign indicates that the force is in the opposite direction to the displacement. We can rearrange this equation to solve for k:

k = -F/x

where F is the weight of the mass attached to the spring, which is given by:

F = mg

where m is the mass of the object and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, we have:

k = -(mg)/x

Substituting the given values, we get:

[tex]k = -(0.5 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)/(0.2 m)[/tex]

= -24.525 N/m

Next, we need to find the new equilibrium position of the mass after it is pulled down by an additional 0.1 m. Since the spring is initially stretched by 0.2 m, the total displacement from the rest position is 0.2 m + 0.1 m = 0.3 m. Therefore, the new equilibrium position is 0.3 m below the original rest position.

Now, we can find the angular frequency of the oscillations using the formula:

ω = √(k/m)

where m is the mass of the object. Since the mass is the same as before, we have:

ω = √(k/m)

= √(-24.525 N/m / 0.5 kg)

= 3.126 rad/s

Therefore, the angular frequency of the oscillations is 3.126 rad/s.

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The two factors that determine gravitational attraction are mass and distance.

Gravitational force is the force of attraction between two objects that is directly related to their mass and the distance between them. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature, along with the electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force. The gravitational force is responsible for keeping planets in orbit around the sun, for holding the Earth and moon in their respective orbits, and for keeping the moon spinning on its axis.

The gravitational force between two objects is determined by the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. This can be expressed mathematically as: F = G (m1m2) / d², where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and d is the distance between them. As the distance between two objects increases, the force of gravitational attraction between them decreases.

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If all other conditions (such as wind speed and water current) are equal and there are two identical boats with identical engines that push with the same force, the boat carrying the two little women is likely to win the race.

Assuming the two boats have identical mass and shape, the boat carrying the four large men will be slower than the boat carrying the two small women. This is because the boat carrying the men has more total weight, and thus has a greater force of gravity acting upon it. The greater force of gravity increases the frictional forces between the boat and the water, which in turn decreases the speed of the boat. According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. Since the two boats are being pushed with the same force, the boat with less mass (i.e., the boat carrying the two small women) will experience greater acceleration than the boat with more mass (i.e., the boat carrying the four large men). Therefore, the boat carrying the two small women is likely to win the race, assuming all other factors (such as wind speed and water current) are equal.

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The length of the string is 2.75m and the frequency of the pendulum is 0.2Hz.

Frequency is a measure of the number of cycles of a periodic wave that occur in a unit of time. It is usually expressed in Hertz (Hz), which is the number of cycles per second. The frequency of a wave determines its perceived pitch, with higher frequencies producing higher pitches and lower frequencies producing lower pitches.

a. The length of the pendulum required to achieve a period of 5 seconds can be calculated using the formula:

T = 2 * π * √(l/g)

where T is the period, l is the length of the pendulum, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately [tex]9.8 m/s^2[/tex]). Solving for l:

[tex]l = (g * T^2) / (4 * π^2)[/tex]

Substituting T = 5 seconds and g =[tex]9.8 m/s^2[/tex], we get:

[tex]l = (9.8 * 5^2) / (4 * π^2)[/tex] = 2.75 meters

So the correct answer is c. 2.75 meters.

(22) b. The frequency of a pendulum is given by the formula:

f = 1 / T

where f is the frequency and T is the period. Substituting T = 5 seconds, we get:

f = 1 / 5 = 0.2 Hz

So the correct answer is d. 0.2 Hz.

Therefore, The length of the string is 2.75m and the frequency of the pendulum is 0.2Hz.

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Gas to liquid is the  phase change represents a decrease in entropy.

option B

The measurement of randomness or disorder in a system is known as entropy.

As for the order of entropy, The increase in disorder causes the entropy to rise when we transition from the solid state to the liquid state to the gaseous state. Entropy will decrease when we transition from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then a solid state because chaos is becoming less disorganized. Entropy rises for options 1, 3, and 4. whereas the entropy falls in option 2. Entropy is the measurement of the amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that cannot be used for productive labor. Entropy is also a measure of molecular disorder since work is produced by ordered molecular motion.

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By combining the additional resistors in a certain combination that is then placed in series with the original resistor, he achieves the desired resistance which is expressed as follows:

1- Resistors in series: when  [tex]R_{1}, R_{2}, R_{3}[/tex]​, ...... several resistors when are connected in series, the sum of the individual resistances gives the equivalent resistance [tex]R_{eq}[/tex]​:

​[tex]R_{eq}[/tex] = [tex]R_{1} + R_{2} + R_{3} + ........[/tex]

2- Resistors in Parallel: when [tex]R_{1}, R_{2}, R_{3}[/tex]​​, ...... several resistors when connected in parallel, the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances is the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance​ [tex]R_{eq}[/tex] :

[tex]\frac{1}{R_{eq} } = \frac{1}{R_{1} } +\frac{1}{R_{2} } + \frac{1}{R_{3} } +.... (2)[/tex]

There are four​ ways to connect the three additional resistors in series with the original resistor.

The first way​ is if all the resistors are in series. The equivalent resistance of the new circuit is then found in Equation (1):

[tex]R_{eq} = R+R + R + R \\ = 4R[/tex]

The second way​ is if all the additional resistors are in parallel. The three resistors in the blue rectangle are in parallel and their equivalent resistance is from Equation(2):

[tex]\frac{1}{R_{eq} } = \frac{1}{R} + \frac{1}{R} + \frac{1}{R} \\ R_{eq} = \frac{R}{3}[/tex]

The R/3 and R resistors are in series and their equivalent resistance is ind from Equation (1):

[tex]R_{eq} = \frac{R}{3} + R\\ = \frac{4}{3} R[/tex]

The third way is if two resistors from the additional resistors are in parallel and the third one is in series with the combination. The two resistors in the blue rectangle are in parallel and their equivalent resistance is found in Equation (2):

          [tex]\frac{1}{ R_{eq}} = \frac{1}{R} + \frac{1}{R} \\ R_{eq} = \frac{5}{2} R[/tex]

The two R resistors and the R/2 resistor  are in series and their equivalent resistance is found in Equation(1):

[tex]R_{eq} = \frac{R}{2} + R + R\\ = \frac{5}{2}R[/tex]

The fourth way is if two resistors from the additional resistors are in series and the third one is in parallel with the combination. The two resistors in the blue rectangle are in series and their equivalent resistance is ind from Equation(1):

[tex]R_{eq} = R + R\\ = 2R[/tex]

The 2R and R resistors are in parallel and their equivalent resistance is found in Equation (2):

[tex]\frac{1}{R_{eq} } = \frac{1}{2R} + \frac{1}{R}\\ R_{eq} = \frac{(2R)R}{2R + R}\\[/tex]

[tex]= \frac{2R^{2} }{3R} \\ =\frac{2}{3} R[/tex]

The 2R/3 and R resistors are in series and their equivalent resistance is found in Equation (1):

[tex]R_{eq} = \frac{2R}{3} + R\\ = \frac{5}{3}R[/tex]

Therefore, there is no combination possible that would make the equivalent resistance of the circuit [tex]\left \ {{7} \atop {3}} \right. R[/tex]  and the expressed situation is impossible.

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The value of the resistance r is 20.25 ohms.

The value of the resistance r is calculated by applying Ohm's law as shown below.

Ohm's law states that the current flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage across the circuit.

V = IR

where;

P = IV

I = P / V

I = ( 32 W ) / ( 24 V + 12 V )

I = 0.889 A

R = V/I

R = ( 24 + 12 ) / ( 0.889 A )

R = 40.5 ohms

The value of each resistance, r is calculated as;

r = 40.5 ohms / 2

r = 20.25 ohms.

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Gravitational potential energy of an object is affected by mass, gravity, and height. Energy is directly proportional to all three variables.

An thing inherently possesses a certain quantity of energy. The amount of energy an item possesses when a force coming from a distance, like as gravity, is acting on it and an object is not supporting it is known as the Gravitational Potential Energy. This energy can be utilised later to move an item since it can be stored and utilised at a later time.

We can claim that the following things affect the gravitational potential energy: weight of the thing. Size of the thing.

The energy that a large object has in relation to another large object due to gravity is known as gravitational potential energy.

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Answer:

11.33 km/min

Explanation:

170km ÷ 15min = 11.33km/min

The speed of the cart at a height of 0.17 m above the bottom of the incline would be 3.90 m/s.

Let's call the speed of the cart at a height of 0.17 m above the bottom of the incline "v". We can calculate v using the following equation:

v^2 = 2 * g * (h1 - h2)

where

g = 9.8 m/s^2 (acceleration due to gravity)

h1 = 0.94 m (initial height)

h2 = 0.17 m (final height)

Plugging in the values, we get:

v^2 = 2 * 9.8 * (0.94 - 0.17)

v^2 = 2 * 9.8 * 0.77

v^2 = 15.156

v = sqrt(15.156)

v = 3.90 m/s

So the speed of the cart at a height of 0.17 m above the bottom of the incline would be approximately 3.90 m/s.

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The correct option is D. 3690s They can hare afford to nap if he does not want to lose the race.

D= 1000m

[tex]V_T[/tex]= 0.27 m/s

[tex]T_t=\frac{1000}{0.27} = 3703.7sec[/tex]

[tex]T_h = \frac{100}{15}[/tex][tex]= 6.7sec[/tex]

[tex]T_t = 7+ t_n +t_h[/tex]

[tex]3703.7 = 7+t_n +6.7\\t_n = 3703.7- 13.7\\t_n = 3690sec[/tex]

The pace is measured as the ratio of distance to the time wherein the distance is turned into a blanket. the pace is a scalar quantity because it has the most effective course and no importance. For the size of the pace in vehicles, speedometers are used. pace also can be calculated with the assistance of a graph. the space-time graph allows know-how of the rate of an object.

In regular use and in kinematics, the rate of an object is the value of the change of its position over the years or the importance of the alternate of its function per unit of time; its miles as a result a scalar amount. the spot pace is the limit of the common pace because the period of the time c program language period approaches 0. pace isn't always similar to velocity.

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The speed of the ball as it swings through this point is   a) 23.8 m/s

    b) 0

The most crucial scientific notion is measurement. A variety of measurable quantities are quantified using base or physical fundamental units.. One such quantifiable metric is speed, which calculates the ratio between the distance an item travels and the time needed to cover that distance. Let's explore speed in-depth in this session. Given that it just has a direction and no magnitude, speed is a scalar quantity.

a) The ball deviates from a straight line course due to the strain in the rope, which counteracts the effects of gravity. Last year's acceleration is

 a =[tex]\frac{ T -mg}{m}[/tex] = 2g = [tex]\frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]. . . . m is mass

 v = [tex]\sqrt(2gr)[/tex]= [tex]\sqrt{(2\times9.8 \times29 )} = \sqrt{(568.4 m^2/s^2)}[/tex]

 v ≈ 23.8 m/s a rough estimate of the ball's speed at the low point

b) The acceleration needed to cause the ball to veer from its horizontal course is determined using the same procedure.

 a =   a =[tex]\frac{ T -mg}{m}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{ mg -mg}{m}[/tex]= 0

and the velocity is  v = [tex]\sqrt{(ar)[/tex] = 0 . . . . . speed of the ball where the rope is vertical

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The moon is decreasing in light between a full moon and a last quarter moon called waning.

Describe about moon?
Moon is the satellite of Earth and the only natural satellite of Earth. It is the fifth-largest natural satellite in the Solar System. It orbits around Earth in an elliptical path and takes 27.3 days to complete one revolution. It is made up of different types of rocks and dust and has no atmosphere. Its surface is covered with impact craters, mountains, valleys, and lava-filled plains. It also has frozen water at the poles. The moonlight is reflected sunlight and the light of the moon changes its shape throughout the month due to its changing position with respect to the Earth and the Sun. It is the Earth's only natural satellite and the most visible object in the night sky.

Therefore, The moon is decreasing in light between a full moon and a last quarter moon called waning.

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The range of the wavelengths for the sound over the audible range of frequencies in room temperature is from 24 meters to 18×10⁻³ meters.

The relation between velocity , wavelength and frequency of a sound is given by the following equation :

⇒ V = λ x ν        where, V stands for the velocity of the sound, λ stands for the wavelength, and ν stands for frequency of the sound. To find wavelength, we have to put ν on the left side of the equation which gives us :

λ = V/ν

Velocity of the sound at room temperature ≈ 360m/s

For 15 hertz, Wavelength =  V/ν

= 360/15

=24 meters

For 20,000 hertz, Wavelength = V/ν

= 360/20000

=18×10⁻³ meters

Therefore, the audible range of wavelengths is from 24 meters to 18×10⁻³ meters.

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(a) The change in momentum is -12.04 kg-m/s

(b) The force exerted by the bat is 1003.33 N

The given values are :

The mass of a ball, m = 0.14 kg

Initial speed of the ball, u = 40 m/s

Final speed of the ball, v = -46 m/s

(a) The change in momentum of the ball during the collision with the bat is given by :

Change in P = m(v-u )

Change in P = 0.14(-46-40)

Change in P = - 12.04 kg-m/s

(b) Time for collision, t = 0.012 s

the force can be calculated as follows :

force = Change in P/ t

force = 1003.33 N

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Complete question:

An official major league baseball has a mass of 0.14 kg. A pitcher throws a 40 m/s fastball which is hit by the batter straight back up the middle at a speed of 46 m/s.

a) What is the change in momentum of the ball during the collision with the bat?

b) If this collision occurs during a time of 0.012 seconds, what is the average force exerted by the bat on the ball?

The connection of kinetic energy and potential is demonstrated by this animated roller coaster created by WGBH. When the coaster cars travel around the track's loop and ascend and descend the hills.

Describe kinetic.

Those who are learning English Kinetic is defined as being related to or pertaining to the motion of physical objects, including the forces that cause those motions. Kinetic energy: of or pertaining to the energy and energy involved in the motion of physical objects.

What is the kinetic energy relationship?

She was the initial person to publish the kinetic energy relationship. This implies that an object traveling at twice the speed will strike twice as forcefully. The energy an object has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy in physics. It is described as the effort required to move a mass-determined body from rest to the indicated velocity.

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