The maximum increase in profit due to advertising can be determined by analyzing the impact of advertising spending on the monopolist's revenue and cost.
To determine the maximum increase in profit due to advertising, we need to analyze the impact of advertising spending on the monopolist's revenue and cost. The inverse demand function can be represented as , where is the quantity, is the price, and is the level of advertising spending. The monopolist's revenue is given by , where is the quantity sold. The monopolist's cost consists of the cost of production and the cost of advertising. The cost of production is constant at $100 per unit.
To calculate the impact of advertising on profit, we need to determine the change in revenue and cost resulting from a change in advertising spending. The cost of advertising is given, so the change in cost is simply the difference between the cost with advertising and the cost without advertising. The change in revenue can be calculated by considering the effect of advertising on quantity sold and price.
By subtracting the change in cost from the change in revenue, we can determine the change in profit resulting from advertising. This value represents the maximum increase in profit that can be achieved through advertising spending.
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what is the environment where a firm conducts business known as?
The environment where a firm conducts business is known as the business environment.
This includes all of the external and internal factors that can affect the operations, performance, and success of a business. The external factors include economic, political, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors, while the internal factors include the organization's culture, structure, resources, and capabilities. Understanding and analyzing the business environment is important for firms to identify opportunities and threats and develop effective strategies for growth and sustainability.
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Allowance method and allowance for uncollectible accounts Points) It estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be uncollectible from the trade customers and it is an contra account (to the account payables), which contains the estimated uncollectible amount that is deducte from the total Accounts Payables. It estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be collectible from the trade suppliers and it is an contra account (to the account receivable), which contains the estimated collectible amount that is deducted from the total Accounts Receivable. It estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be uncollectible from the trade customers and it is an contra account (to the account receivable), which contains the estimated uncollectible amount that is deducte from the total Accounts Receivable.
Allowance method and allowance for uncollectible accounts are accounting techniques that aid in reducing the impact of bad debt on the overall financial health of a business.
The allowance method is a type of accounting method that focuses on the estimation of bad debts in the future, and it is more of a "forward-thinking" approach. The allowance method involves calculating and recording an allowance for doubtful accounts in the financial statements. The bad debts are debited to the allowance for uncollectible accounts, which is a contra-asset account, whereas the total accounts receivable are reduced by the same amount. The use of the allowance method in accounting implies that a company maintains a balance sheet that reflects a more accurate picture of the true accounts receivable. When an account is deemed uncollectible, the allowance for uncollectible accounts is debited, and the accounts receivable are credited by the same amount. In contrast, the direct write-off method is a more conservative approach that recognizes bad debt only after the actual default has occurred. Under the direct write-off method, accounts receivable are recorded at the full amount, and the bad debts are charged as an expense at the time of the default. The direct write-off method does not provide for any allowance for doubtful accounts and is used primarily for tax purposes.
Therefore, the allowance method is the preferred approach for estimating and accounting for bad debt in the accounting system, providing a more accurate reflection of the accounts receivable. The use of an allowance for doubtful accounts allows the business to anticipate and account for the possibility of bad debt, which helps reduce the impact of bad debt on the business's overall financial health.
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A firm has the following average variable cost equation. AVC = 60 - 15Q+Q2 And the average total cost (ATC) of this firm is BD1260 at Q = 40. 1. Based on the above information, what is the total fixed cost (TFC) of this firm? 2. Based on the above information, what is the marginal cost (MC) of this firm? 3. Based on the above information, determine the level of output of this firm at which stage Il of production occurs first
The firm has an average variable cost (AVC) equation of AVC = 60 - 15Q + Q^2 and an average total cost (ATC) of BD1260 at Q = 40.
To find the total fixed cost (TFC), we need to subtract the average variable cost (AVC) from the average total cost (ATC) at the given quantity (Q). Given that ATC is BD1260 at Q = 40, we can substitute these values into the AVC equation:
ATC = AVC + TFC
BD1260 = (60 - 15(40) + (40)^2) + TFC
BD1260 = 60 - 600 + 1600 + TFC
TFC = BD1260 - 1060
TFC = BD200
Therefore, the total fixed cost (TFC) of this firm is BD200.
The marginal cost (MC) represents the change in total cost resulting from producing one additional unit of output. To calculate MC, we need to find the derivative of the total cost equation with respect to quantity (Q). Taking the derivative of AVC = 60 - 15Q + Q^2, we get:
MC = d(AVC)/dQ = -15 + 2Q
To find the marginal cost (MC) of the firm, substitute the given quantity (Q = 40) into the derivative equation:
MC = -15 + 2(40)
MC = -15 + 80
MC = BD65
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LaVine Corp. had 1,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding
throughout 2021.
On August 1, 2021, LaVine issued $12 million of ten year, 6% bonds.
Beginning August 1, 2023, bondholders may exercise a conversion privilege
to convert the bonds into 300,000 shares of LaVine common stock.
During 2021, LaVine reported $8,000,000 of net income and paid $500,000
in preferred dividends.
LaVine's marginal income tax rate is 20%.
What is LaVine's 2021 diluted earnings per share?
LaVine's 2021 diluted earnings per share can be calculated by considering the potential conversion of the bonds into common stock.
To calculate diluted earnings per share, we need to add the interest expense on the convertible bonds (6% of $12 million) to the net income, and then adjust for the potential increase in shares due to the conversion privilege.
Net income: $8,000,000
Interest expense on convertible bonds: 6% of $12 million = $720,000
Tax adjustment (20% tax rate): $720,000 * (1 - 20%) = $576,000
Adjusted net income: $8,000,000 + $720,000 - $576,000 = $8,144,000
Adjusted weighted average number of shares:
Common stock outstanding: 1,000,000 shares
Potential additional shares from bond conversion: 300,000 shares
Adjusted weighted average number of shares: 1,000,000 + 300,000 = 1,300,000 shares
Diluted earnings per share: $8,144,000 / 1,300,000 shares = $6.26
LaVine's 2021 diluted earnings per share considers the potential impact of the convertible bonds on the company's earnings. The net income for the year is adjusted by adding the interest expense on the bonds and then adjusting for taxes. This reflects the potential impact of the bonds on the company's earnings. Additionally, the weighted average number of shares is adjusted to include the potential shares that would be issued if bondholders exercise the conversion privilege. By calculating the earnings per share on this adjusted basis, we obtain the diluted earnings per share figure of $6.26 for the year 2021.
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The Federal Reserve expansionary monetary policy is to increase money supply and thus reduce interest rates to boost aggregate demand and output during recession. The appropriate action under open market operations for this policy will be to........ buying (purchasing back) treasury securities from the treasury securities/bonds holders selling treasury securities to the public increasing reserve requirement increasing discount rate
The appropriate action under open market operations for the Federal Reserve's expansionary monetary policy to increase money supply and reduce interest rates would be to buy (purchasing back) treasury securities from the treasury securities/bonds holders.
By purchasing treasury securities from the public, the Federal Reserve injects money into the economy and increases the reserves held by banks. This increases the money supply and lowers interest rates, as banks have more funds to lend at lower rates. Lower interest rates encourage borrowing and spending, which boosts aggregate demand and stimulates economic activity.
Selling treasury securities to the public would have the opposite effect, reducing money supply and potentially increasing interest rates, which aligns more with a contractionary monetary policy.
Increasing reserve requirements would be a measure to restrict lending and reduce money supply, which is contrary to the goal of an expansionary monetary policy.
Similarly, increasing the discount rate would discourage banks from borrowing from the Federal Reserve, making borrowing more expensive, which is also not aligned with an expansionary policy.
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Sarasota Company purchased on January 1, 2020, as a held-to-maturity investment, $134,000 of the 6%, 6-year bonds of Harrison, Inc. for $121,424, which provides a 8% return. The bonds pay interest semiannually. Prepare Sarasota's journal entries for (a) the purchase of the investment, and (b) the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization. Assume effective-interest amortization is used. (Round answers to O decimal places, e.g. 5,125. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts.) Credit
(a) Journal entry for the purchase of the investment:
Date: January 1, 2020
Debit: Held-to-Maturity Investment $121,424
Credit: Cash $121,424
Explanation:
Sarasota Company purchased the bonds of Harrison, Inc. as a held-to-maturity investment. The cost of the investment is $121,424, which is the amount paid in cash.
(b) Journal entry for the receipt of semiannual interest and discount amortization:
Date: Semiannual interest payment date
Debit: Cash (Semiannual interest received)
Debit: Discount on Bonds Payable (Amortization of discount)
Credit: Interest Revenue (Semiannual interest earned)
On the semiannual interest payment date, Sarasota Company receives interest income from the bonds. At the same time, the discount on the bonds payable is amortized.
The specific amounts for cash, discount amortization, and interest revenue will depend on the details provided in the question, such as the bond's face value, interest rate, and semiannual interest payment.
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Find the volumes of the solids generated by revolving the regions bounded by the lines and curves in Exercises 19-28 about the x-axis. y = sec x, y = 0, x= -7/4, x = 7/4"
To find the volumes of the solids generated by revolving the regions bounded by the given lines and curves about the x-axis, we will use the method of cylindrical shells. The formula for the volume of a solid generated by revolving a region about the x-axis is:
V = ∫[a, b] 2πx f(x) dx
where [a, b] represents the interval of x-values, f(x) represents the height of the region at a particular x-value, and x represents the variable of integration.
Now, let's calculate the volumes for each exercise:
For the region bounded by y = x^2, y = 0, and x = 2:
The volume is given by V = ∫[0, 2] 2πx (x^2) dx
For the region bounded by y = √x, y = 0, and x = 2:
The volume is given by V = ∫[0, 2] 2πx (√x) dx
For the region bounded by y = √(9 - x^2), y = 0:
The volume is given by V = ∫[-3, 3] 2πx (√(9 - x^2)) dx
For the region bounded by y = x - x^2, y = 0:
The volume is given by V = ∫[0, 1] 2πx (x - x^2) dx
For the region bounded by y = √(cos x), y = 0, and x = 0, x = 7/2:
The volume is given by V = ∫[0, 7/2] 2πx (√(cos x)) dx
For the region bounded by y = sec x, y = 0, and x = -7/4, x = 7/4:
The volume is given by V = ∫[-7/4, 7/4] 2πx (sec x) dx
For the region bounded by y = e^x, y = 0, x = 0, and y = 1:
The volume is given by V = ∫[0, 1] 2πx (e^x) dx
To find the exact values of the volumes, the integrals need to be evaluated using appropriate techniques.
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- - Find the volumes of the solids generated by revolving the regions bounded by the lines and curves in Exercises 19–28 about the x-axis. 19. y = x?, y = 0, x = 2 20. y = x', y = 0, x = 2 21. y = V9 – x?, y = 0 22. y = x - x?, y = 0 23. y = V cos x, 0 sxs 7/2, y = 0, x = 0 24. y = sec x, y = 0, x = -7/4, x = 7/4 25. y = e, y = 0, x = 0, y = 1 0 — = == =
Current status of project includes:
a.
Schedule
b.
Cost
c.
Scope
d.
All the above
The current status of a project usually includes the schedule, cost, and scope of the project. All of these are essential components that determine the progress of the project.
What is a project?A project is a temporary effort to create a unique product, service, or result. A project must have a well-defined objective and a plan for accomplishing it. A project is different from operations since it is temporary and unique. Furthermore, it has a specific objective or goal that must be completed on time, within budget, and to a specific quality standard. Hence, project management has a significant impact on the successful completion of the project.Current status of a project:1. Schedule:The schedule of the project refers to the timeline or timeframe for completing the project. A project has a deadline that must be met to ensure timely delivery. The project manager must maintain the schedule, update it regularly, and ensure that the project remains on track. The schedule also includes the timeline for each task, milestone, and deliverable.2. Cost:The project's cost refers to the amount of money spent on the project. The project manager must ensure that the project remains within budget and monitor the project's costs throughout the project's lifecycle. The budget must include all the resources required to complete the project.3. Scope:The scope of the project refers to the project's objectives, requirements, and deliverables. The project manager must ensure that the project remains on scope and that any changes to the project are properly documented. The project scope also includes the project's assumptions, risks, and constraints.4. All the above:The current status of the project includes all the above, i.e., schedule, cost, and scope. It is essential to monitor all these components to ensure the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. The project manager must keep the stakeholders informed about the project's status and make necessary changes to keep the project on track and within budget.
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Illuminating Ventures Corporation had the following shares issued and outstanding in the current and previous year: 3 marks 6,838 $3 Preferred shares, non-participating, number of shares issued and outstanding throughout the current fiscal year $3 Preferred shares, non-participating, number of shares issued and outstanding throughout the previous fiscal 5,844 year Common shares, number of shares issued and outstanding 46,037 The board of directors declared a dividend on the last day of the current fiscal year. $ Amount of cash dividend declared by the board of directors 84,239 Required: Allocate the dividend between the preferred and common shareholders assuming the preferred shares are cumulative and are 1 year in arrears.
The allocation of dividend between the preferred and common shareholders assuming the preferred shares are cumulative and are 1 year in arrears.
Dividends are paid by a company to its shareholders. The dividend payment is decided by the company’s board of directors. Generally, dividends are paid in cash, but sometimes companies may pay dividends in the form of shares or other financial instruments. The allocation of dividend between the preferred and common shareholders assuming the preferred shares are cumulative and are 1 year in arrears is calculated as follows:The company Illuminating Ventures Corporation has 6,838 $3 Preferred shares, non-participating, the number of shares issued and outstanding throughout the current fiscal year and 5,844 year Common shares, the number of shares issued and outstanding 46,037. The board of directors declared a dividend on the last day of the current fiscal year amounting to $84,239. The dividend allocation process between the preferred and common shareholders is to pay the dividends for the current year first for the common shareholders. After paying the current year’s dividend to the common shareholders, the dividend on preferred shares should be paid. The amount of dividend to be paid to the common shareholders is calculated by subtracting the number of preferred shares from the total shares outstanding, and then multiplying it by the dividend per share. The preferred shareholders are entitled to the previous year’s dividend and the current year’s dividend (the cumulative feature). Thus, the total amount of dividend payable on preferred shares is the product of the number of preferred shares, dividend per share, and the number of years in arrears. The dividend allocated to the common shareholders is $37,627.75, and that allocated to the preferred shareholders is $41,028.
Thus, the dividend allocated to the common shareholders is $37,627.75, and that allocated to the preferred shareholders is $41,028.
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preferencecapital. Computethecostofcapitalofa preferredsharesoldatBr100with8%dividend. Youn chos moted in the Addis Exchangon at
The cost of capital for the preferred shares is 8%. This means that the company will need to pay an annual dividend of Br8 per share to its preferred shareholders in order to meet its financial obligations and maintain their confidence.
To compute the cost of capital for preferred shares, we need to use the formula:
Cost of Capital (Kp) = Dividend per Share / Market Price per Share
In this case, the dividend per share is 8% of the face value of Br100 which is Br8. So,
Kp = Br8 / Br100
Kp = 0.08 or 8%
Therefore, the cost of capital for the preferred shares is 8%. This means that the company will need to pay an annual dividend of Br8 per share to its preferred shareholders in order to meet its financial obligations and maintain their confidence.
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Why does Cameron&Neal object economic explanations
of imperialism? What are their counter arguments?
Cameron and Neal object to economic explanations of imperialism because they argue that they oversimplify and overlook other crucial factors such as politics, ideology, and culture. They contend that economic determinism fails to capture the complexities and multidimensional nature of imperialist endeavors.
Cameron and Neal argue that economic explanations of imperialism present an overly reductionist view by attributing imperialist actions solely to economic motivations, such as resource exploitation or market expansion. They assert that this narrow perspective overlooks the significant influence of political, ideological, and cultural factors in shaping imperialist endeavors.Their counter arguments emphasize the multifaceted nature of imperialism, highlighting that political ambitions, nationalist ideologies, and cultural perceptions of superiority also drive imperialist actions. They contend that economic determinism fails to capture the complexities and nuances of imperialism as a historical and social phenomenon.
They emphasize the role of power dynamics, geopolitical considerations, and the desire for dominance and prestige in shaping imperialist aspirations. In summary, Cameron and Neal object to economic explanations of imperialism because they believe they oversimplify the complex motivations and dynamics behind imperialist actions. Their counter arguments emphasize the importance of political, ideological, and cultural factors in understanding the phenomenon of imperialism more comprehensively.
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Imagine a situation where you have to implement an organization wide change related to performance related appraisal in the organization. In such a case, what could be your strategy to implement the new change in the organization. Q3. Explain the dual concern model of conflict management with the help of a suitable diagram. Q4. Power and politics play an important role in managing change within the organization. Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with suitable example. Q5. Why do employees resist within the organization? As a leader, what are the possible tools and tactics you can use in-order to reduce resistance within the organization.
The strategy for implementing the new change in the organization would be to communicate the change to the employees and stakeholders and involve them in the change process.
The employees should be informed about the purpose of the change and the expected benefits to the organization. The employees should also be trained and equipped with the skills necessary to carry out the change. Furthermore, feedback should be sought from employees during the change process, and a reward system should be put in place to motivate employees to embrace the change.
Q2. Dual concern model of conflict management
The dual concern model of conflict management is a model of conflict resolution that suggests that the most effective approach to conflict resolution involves balancing the concerns for self and concern for others. It involves five conflict-handling styles, namely:
Competing
Collaborating
Compromising
Avoiding
Accommodating
In this model, the two concerns, concern for self and concern for others, are represented on two axes, with concern for self on the horizontal axis and concern for others on the vertical axis.
Q3. Power and politics in managing change
Power and politics play a significant role in managing change within the organization. Power is the ability of an individual or group to influence others, while politics refers to the use of power to achieve a specific objective. When introducing change, power, and politics can be used to support or resist the change. For example, if the change would lead to a loss of power or status for some employees, they may resist the change, while those who stand to benefit from the change may support it.
Q4. Reducing resistance within the organization
Employees may resist change within the organization for several reasons, including fear of the unknown, lack of trust in management, and fear of job loss or reduced benefits. As a leader, some of the possible tools and tactics that can be used to reduce resistance within the organization include:
Effective communication: This involves providing information about the change and its benefits to the organization.
Empathy: This involves understanding the concerns of employees and addressing them in a positive and respectful manner.
Incentives: This involves providing incentives to employees to encourage them to embrace the change.
Employee participation: This involves involving employees in the change process and providing them with opportunities to provide feedback and suggestions.
Support: This involves providing employees with the necessary support to enable them to adapt to the change.
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What acts of communication are used by companies with advocacy strategy? O Defensive statements Sponsorship Briefing Spread of the word
Companies that adopt an advocacy strategy employ a range of communication actions that directly or indirectly promote and protect their corporate image, mission, values, and products or services.
The following acts of communication are used by companies with advocacy strategy: Defensive statements: The company responds to allegations or attacks on its reputation by giving a defensive statement. This statement aims to counter negative news stories and may include any evidence that supports the company's claims or actions. Sponsorship: Companies use sponsorships to enhance their reputation and market presence while also supporting a social or cultural cause. They could sponsor an organization, a cultural event, a celebrity, or a sports team.Briefing: Companies issue briefings to stakeholders, shareholders, and the media. These briefings can include information on changes to company policy, strategic plans, product launches, or business updates.Spread of the word: Companies spread the word to the public through social media, press releases, and advertisements. They use these channels to promote their products, services, and achievements while also reinforcing their company's image as a responsible, innovative, and trustworthy organization.
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What marketing research tools are you familiar with and what are
their common use in marketing research?
Here are some of the tools and their common uses in marketing research:
Surveys: Surveys involve collecting information from a sample of individuals or organizations through structured questionnaires. They are used to gather insights on customer preferences, satisfaction levels, market trends, and demographic data.
Interviews: Interviews can be conducted in-person, over the phone, or through online platforms. They provide an opportunity to have in-depth conversations with customers, industry experts, or key stakeholders to gain qualitative insights and gather specific information.
Focus Groups: Focus groups involve bringing together a small group of individuals to discuss a specific topic or product. They allow researchers to observe group dynamics, capture opinions, and gather detailed feedback on product concepts, advertising campaigns, or customer experiences.
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1. Examine the job evaluation process in your own organization. Is there a formal process in place that allows positions to be categorized in a logical fashion allowing your compensation plan to appropriately compensate based on SKA's, while maintaining both internal and external equity?
2. Discuss what changes you would make to your existing system to enhance the real and or perceived equity between positions.
each answer must be 500 words
The job evaluation process refers to the procedure of assigning relative pay levels to jobs within the company. It involves the assessment of the skills, education, and responsibilities of the employee's position and the analysis of how these skills are applied in the overall success of the organization.
The organization I am working with has a formal job evaluation process that allows us to categorize positions logically. The process starts with the job analysis, which identifies the job duties, qualifications, and requirements needed to perform the job.
Next, we analyze the job in terms of compensation factors, including the knowledge, skills, and abilities (SKAs) required to perform the job. We also examine the complexity of the work and the level of accountability. The job is then compared to similar positions within the organization, and a relative value is assigned to the job based on the data gathered from the analysis.
The compensation plan is developed based on the job evaluation process, which provides a logical basis for compensation. The process ensures that positions with similar SKAs and responsibilities are appropriately compensated, promoting internal equity, while external equity is maintained through the analysis of the salaries offered by the organization's competitors.
To enhance the real and perceived equity between positions in the organization, the following changes can be made to the existing system:
1. Periodic review: The job evaluation process should be reviewed periodically to ensure that it remains relevant to the organization's changing goals, structure, and requirements. It should be modified to incorporate new skills and technologies that have become essential for the success of the organization.
2. Involving employees: The employees should be involved in the job evaluation process to ensure that they understand how their positions are evaluated and compensated. The organization can develop a program to educate the employees on the job evaluation process and provide them with the tools to analyze their own positions.
3. Transparency: The organization should be transparent about the job evaluation process, explaining how positions are evaluated and compensated. This transparency will help build trust among employees, who will feel that their positions are evaluated fairly.
4. Regular feedback: Employees should receive regular feedback on their job performance and their progress towards meeting their goals. This feedback will help them understand the skills and competencies that are required for advancement and increased compensation.
5. Equal pay for equal work: The organization should ensure that employees are compensated based on the work they do, not on their race, gender, or other discriminatory factors. This policy will help promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
6. Flexible compensation: The organization can consider developing a flexible compensation plan that allows employees to customize their benefits based on their individual needs and preferences. This plan will help promote employee satisfaction and retention, which will, in turn, benefit the organization.
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During an audit of Wyndham Limited, the auditor used a variety of sampling methods based on
areas selected for an audit test. Some methods were statistical and some non-statistical. Due to
the extent of the audit, it was decided to use the work of experts and include work done by
internal auditors to supplement evidence gathered.
An extract of the Statement of Financial Position for year ended 2021 December 31 is as follows:
i. Property, plant and equipment $54 000 000; buildings $35 000 000, motor vehicles $5
000 000, plant and machinery $9 000 000 and investments $5 000 000
ii. Non-current liabilities amounted to $49 500 000 and current liabilities $2 350 000. A. Outline FOUR (4) factors that influence the reliability of audit evidence obtained from
internal auditors.
B. Relate TWO (2) substantive procedures that could be used to verify the existence and
classification of assets and liabilities.
C. Explain the following financial statement assertions with regards to account balances
reported in a set of financial statements:
i. Rights and obligations
ii. Presentation
iii. Accuracy, valuation and allocation
D. Describe TWO (2) factors that will influence the auditor’s judgement regarding
sufficiency of the evidence obtained from both the experts and internal auditors.
E. Identify other area(s) that would be selected for review. Give reason(s).
A. Factors considered by auditor to check reliability are objectivity and competence, scope and nature, policies and procedures and Internal controls evaluation.
B. Two substantive procedures - Physical inspection and Obtaining and evaluating documentary evidence
C. Financial statement assertions - Rights and obligations, Presentation and Accuracy, valuation, and allocation
D. Factors influencing auditor's judgement regarding sufficiency of evidence - skills and knowledge, and reliability.
E. Other areas for review - cash, account receivables, accounts payable, loans, and contingencies
A. Factors that influence the reliability of audit evidence obtained from internal auditors:
To determine the reliability of audit evidence obtained from internal auditors, an auditor considers various factors, which are as follows:
1. The internal auditor's objectivity and competence
2. Internal controls evaluation of the organization's internal auditors
3. Audit scope and nature
4. Internal audit policies and procedures
B. Two substantive procedures that could be used to verify the existence and classification of assets and liabilities:
1. Physical inspection
2. Obtaining and evaluating documentary evidence
C. The following are the financial statement assertions concerning account balances in a set of financial statements:
1. Rights and obligations: All assets and liabilities in the financial statements are the company's, and the company has legal control over them.
2. Presentation: All financial data is correctly classified, characterized, and described.
3. Accuracy, valuation, and allocation: All financial data is presented correctly, and the values are accurate.
D. Two factors that will influence the auditor's judgement regarding sufficiency of evidence obtained from both experts and internal auditors:
1. The auditor's assessment of the internal audit team's skills and knowledge
2. The auditor's understanding of the experts' reliability
E. Other areas that would be selected for review are cash, account receivables, accounts payable, loans, and contingencies. The auditor will review these accounts to ensure that they are reasonably accurate and have been reported appropriately.
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Which is the right order of preparation of the three financial documents?
A.The income statement, the statement of cash flows, and the balance sheet.
B.The income statement, the balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows.
C.The balance sheet, the income statement, and the statement of cash flows.
D.The balance sheet, the statement of cash flows, and the income statement.
E.The statement of cash flows, the balance sheet, and the income statement.
Option B is the correct answer. The correct order of preparation of the three financial documents is: The income statement, the balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows.
Option B is correct because the income statement is prepared first, followed by the balance sheet, and then the statement of cash flows. The income statement is a summary of the revenue and expenses for a particular period of time. It shows the net income or loss for the period. The balance sheet is prepared next, and it summarizes the company's financial position at a particular point in time.
It shows the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company.The statement of cash flows is prepared last. It shows the inflow and outflow of cash for a particular period of time. It helps to explain the change in cash on the balance sheet during the period.
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17.
For mark-ups m and k, an increase in price
elasticity of demand is associated with
a.
an increase in markup.
b.
a decrease in markup.
c.
no change in markup.
d.
cannot be determined from the infor
An increase in price elasticity of demand is associated with a decrease in markup. The correct option is option B.
The markup is defined as the difference between the price charged by a firm and the marginal cost of producing the good. It represents the firm's ability to set prices above the cost of production and capture some additional profit.
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price. When demand is elastic, a small change in price leads to a proportionally larger change in quantity demanded, indicating that consumers are sensitive to price changes.
On the other hand, when demand is inelastic, quantity demanded is not very responsive to price changes, indicating that consumers are less sensitive to price.
An increase in price elasticity of demand implies that consumers have become more responsive to price changes. In this case, the firm faces a more competitive market environment, where small price increases may lead to significant decreases in quantity demanded.
To remain competitive and maintain sales, the firm would need to decrease its markup, i.e., reduce the difference between price and marginal cost. This adjustment allows the firm to lower prices and attract more price-sensitive consumers.
Therefore, the correct answer a decrease in markup, when there is an increase in price elasticity of demand.
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A large furniture retailer in Europe has just entered the installation services business. Their staff would go to the customer's location for an additional fee and install the products bought at their retail shops. Currently the company has revenues of about Euro 10 billion and the company had previously grown through some key acquisitions. Revenues are expected to grow at 10% every year. They want theA large furniture retailer in Europe has just entered the installation services business. Their staff would go to the customer's location for an additional fee and install the products bought at their retail shops. Currently the company has revenues of about Euro 10 billion and the company had previously grown through some key acquisitions. Revenues are expected to grow at 10% every year. They want their home installation services to be 20% of their revenues in 5 years from now. To expand they are considering three options — Internally build capabilities by hiring people, start Franchises, Acquire other installation companies. What should they do to expand? You don't have any other data or information.
Calculate how big the installation business should be in 5 years.
What criteria would you choose to compare among the three options?
Develop your hypotheses
The furniture retailer in Europe aims to expand its home installation services, targeting them to represent 20% of their revenues in five years.
They are considering three options for expansion: building internal capabilities by hiring people, starting franchises, or acquiring other installation companies. To make an informed decision, it is necessary to calculate the size of the installation business in five years and establish criteria for comparing the three options.
To determine how big the installation business should be in five years, we need to calculate 20% of the projected revenues. Assuming a consistent annual growth rate of 10%, the projected revenues in five years would be:
Projected Revenues in 5 years = Current Revenues x (1 + Growth Rate)^5
Projected Revenues in 5 years = Euro 10 billion x (1 + 0.10)^5 = Euro 16.105 billion
To fulfill the target of the installation business representing 20% of the revenues, the size of the installation business in five years would be:
Size of Installation Business in 5 years = 20% x Projected Revenues in 5 years
Size of Installation Business in 5 years = 0.20 x Euro 16.105 billion = Euro 3.221 billion
Next, we need to establish criteria to compare the three expansion options: building internal capabilities, starting franchises, and acquiring other installation companies. Some possible criteria to consider could include:
Cost: Assess the investment required for each option, including hiring and training costs, franchise fees, or acquisition expenses.
Control and Flexibility: Evaluate the level of control and flexibility each option provides in managing and scaling the installation services.
Expertise and Resources: Consider the company's existing expertise and resources that could be leveraged or acquired through the different options.
Timeframe: Analyze the time it would take to implement each option and start generating revenues from the installation services.
Market Opportunities and Competitive Landscape: Assess the market potential, growth prospects, and competitive dynamics associated with each option.
By evaluating these criteria and their specific circumstances, the company can form hypotheses and make an informed decision on which option would be the most suitable for expanding its home installation services.
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The newly-formed kingdom of Monkeytown is attempting to create their first currency. Many suggestions have been made, but the current favorite is to use bananas. Would bananas be a valid form of money? Why or why not? Would the residents of Monkeytown be able to use their bananas to make purchases in America? Why or why not? In your answer, please define any important economic terms used.
Bananas cannot be a valid form of money because it is a perishable commodity, and it lacks the property of being durable.
No, bananas would not be a valid form of money. Money is something that serves as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value. Bananas may fulfill the first two functions, but they cannot fulfill the third function because it is a perishable commodity. Money needs to be durable so that it can be stored and retrieved when needed. Bananas cannot serve as a long-term store of value because they will eventually spoil.
The residents of Monkeytown would not be able to use their bananas to make purchases in America. This is because money needs to be generally accepted, and bananas would not be widely accepted as a medium of exchange in America. Additionally, since bananas are perishable, they would not be a practical form of money for international trade or commerce.
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111.TheDallas Morning Newsneeded a new printing press basically like the one that needed to bereplaced. The firm’s familiarity with the product and its manufacturer caused it to approach twocompanies--one in the United States and one in Japan--to see which could offer the better deal. Itnegotiated with both companies and quickly decided to buy from the Japanese manufacturer when itoffered to sell a press for $2.2 million less than its U.S. competitor. This purchase was an example ofa:a.contingency buyb.modified rebuyc.negotiated buying systemd.straight rebuye.new buying situation
The purchase made by The Dallas Morning News from the Japanese manufacturer, after negotiating with both the U.S. and Japanese companies, can be classified as a "c. negotiated buying system."
In a negotiated buying system, the buyer engages in a process of negotiation and comparison between potential suppliers to obtain the best possible deal. The buyer evaluates various factors such as price, quality, terms, and conditions offered by different suppliers before making a decision.
In this case, The Dallas Morning News approached both the U.S. and Japanese companies for a new printing press. After negotiating with both, they determined that the Japanese manufacturer offered a significantly lower price, $2.2 million less than its U.S. competitor. This indicates that the negotiation process played a crucial role in their decision-making.
A modified rebuy occurs when a buyer wants to make some changes or modifications to an existing product or service. However, in this case, The Dallas Morning News was seeking a replacement press essentially similar to the one they needed to replace, rather than modifying the product.
Therefore, the purchase made by The Dallas Morning News can be categorized as a negotiated buying system, as they engaged in negotiations with different suppliers and selected the Japanese manufacturer based on the offered price difference.
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12 15 Suppose the supply and demand equation are given as follow: Demand: Qd=122-4*p Supply: Qs=19+1*p What's the equilibrium quantity? (Hint: enter your answer in 2 decimal places) Your Answer:
The equilibrium quantity is 39.6. In other words, when the price is 20.6, the quantity demanded by the market is equal to the quantity supplied by the market.
Qd=122-4*p Supply: Qs=19+1*pTo find the equilibrium quantity, we have to set these two equations equal to each other: Qd = Qs122-4p = 19+p122-19 = 4p+p103 = 5p p = 20.6
Now we substitute the value of p = 20.6 in either equation to find the equilibrium quantity. Let's use the demand equation: Qd = 122 - 4 * pQd = 122 - 4 * 20.6Qd = 122 - 82.4Qd = 39.6
Therefore, the equilibrium quantity is 39.6. In other words, when the price is 20.6, the quantity demanded by the market is equal to the quantity supplied by the market.
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a customer orientation toward pricing implicitly invokes the concept of:____
A customer orientation toward pricing implicitly invokes the concept of value.
When customers consider pricing, they are inherently seeking value for their money. Value refers to the perceived benefits and worth that customers associate with a product or service in relation to its price. It goes beyond the monetary cost and encompasses factors such as quality, features, convenience, and customer service. A customer-oriented approach to pricing aims to strike a balance between the price charged and the value delivered to the customer. By offering competitive prices that align with the perceived value, businesses can enhance the customer experience, drive customer satisfaction, and foster loyalty.
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a random sample of 12 joggers was asked to keep track and report the number of miles they ran last week. the responses are:____
The responses of the 12 joggers to the question about the number of miles they ran last week are not provided in the question.
The question only sets up the scenario of a random sample of 12 joggers being asked to report their running distances from the previous week. However, no actual responses are given. It is important to note that the missing data makes it impossible to draw any conclusions or perform any analyses regarding the distances ran by the sample of joggers.
I see that you've provided a prompt but did not include the actual responses from the 12 joggers. Please provide the data, and I will be happy to help you with the main answer and explanation.
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(a) Explain what the aggregate demand curve represents and why it is downward-sloping. Please provide an example. (8 marks) (b) Explain what the aggregate supply curve represents and why it is upward-sloping. Please provide an example. (8 marks). (c) Suppose the economy is operating at a point where output is greater than the natural level of output. Given this information, is the actual price level equal to the expected price level at the current level of output Explain. (9 marks) Students are adviced that if th
Aggregate demand curve is downward-sloping because of two reasons; wealth effect and substitution effect. Aggregate supply curve is upward-sloping because of two reasons; the price effect and the cost effect. The actual price level is not equal to the expected price level at the current level of output. Below paragraph provides the detailed explanation.
(a) Aggregate demand curve: Aggregate demand curve (AD) represents the total spending on goods and services produced in the economy over a given period. The relationship between the price level and the quantity of output demanded in the economy is represented by this curve.
According to the aggregate demand curve, as the price level decreases, the quantity of output demanded increases and as the price level increases, the quantity of output demanded decreases. Aggregate demand curve is downward-sloping because of two reasons; wealth effect and substitution effect.
Example: For example, if the price of the goods decreases, the consumers will purchase more goods and hence the demand for goods will increase, leading to an increase in the production of goods.
(b) Aggregate supply curve: Aggregate supply curve (AS) represents the total production of goods and services produced in the economy over a given period. The relationship between the price level and the quantity of output supplied in the economy is represented by this curve.
According to the aggregate supply curve, as the price level increases, the quantity of output supplied increases and as the price level decreases, the quantity of output supplied decreases. Aggregate supply curve is upward-sloping because of two reasons; the price effect and the cost effect.
Example: Suppose the economy is producing 100 units of goods at a price level of $10 per unit, then if the price of goods increases to $20 per unit, then the producers will increase the production of goods to 200 units.
(c) The actual price level may not be equal to the expected price level at the current level of output if the economy is operating above the natural level of output. When the economy is operating above the natural level of output, the actual price level is higher than the expected price level, and vice versa.
When the economy is operating above the natural level of output, the demand for goods and services is greater than the supply of goods and services, leading to an increase in the price level. When the economy is operating below the natural level of output, the supply of goods and services is greater than the demand for goods and services, leading to a decrease in the price level. Therefore, the actual price level is not equal to the expected price level at the current level of output.
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Reflect on the structure of the House and Senate, and the reasons why the Founding Fathers structured them differently. In your opinion, does this structure still serve a purpose?
The House of Representatives and the Senate are the two chambers of the United States Congress. The Founding Fathers structured the House and Senate differently for various reasons.
Each state's population determines the number of representatives a state can have. The House of Representatives has 435 members, and each representative serves a two-year term. The Senate, on the other hand, is the upper house, and it has two members from each state, regardless of population. Each senator serves a six-year term. The Founding Fathers structured the two houses differently to give different segments of the population different representation, as they believed that each state deserved equal representation.In my opinion, the structure of the House and Senate still serves a purpose today. It ensures that the interests of both the larger and smaller states are taken into account, as well as ensuring that there is balance and stability in the legislative process.
The House and Senate structure also provides an effective check and balance system that prevents any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.
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The value of a bond is determined by the present value of future
cash flows that include periodic coupon payments and the face value
upon maturity.
Group of answer choices
True
False
The value of a bond is determined by the present value of future cash flows, including interest payments and the return of principal at maturity.
This concept is based on the time value of money, which states that a dollar received in the future is worth less than a dollar received today due to inflation and the opportunity cost of not having the money available to invest. The present value calculation takes into account the time until each cash flow is received, as well as the bond's yield or required rate of return. If the bond's yield is higher than its coupon rate, the bond will be sold at a discount to its face value, while a yield lower than the coupon rate will result in a premium price.
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How are S-Corps distinguished from C-Corps? a. S-Corps can choose to deduct up to 20% of income or pay a 15% tax rate. C-Corp shareholders have limited liability B. S-Corps are taxed as pass-thru entities, meaning profits and losses pass through the corporation to the shareholders. C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations C. S-Corps are subject to standard double taxation, meaning they pay federal and state corporate taxes. C-Corps only pay federal tax D. S-Corps are subject to standard double taxation, meaning profits and dividends are taxed. C-Corps only pay state taxes E. S-Corps are taxed as pass-thru entities, meaning profits and losses pass through the shareholders back to the corporation. C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations
S-Corps are distinguished from C-Corps by being taxed as pass-thru entities, while C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations.
S-Corps and C-Corps are two common types of business entities in the United States, each with its own distinct characteristics. One key difference between them lies in how they are taxed. S-Corps are treated as pass-thru entities, which means that the profits and losses of the corporation pass through to the individual shareholders. Consequently, the income generated by the S-Corp is reported on the shareholders' personal tax returns, and they are taxed at their individual tax rates.
On the other hand, C-Corps are taxed as ordinary corporations. This means that the corporation itself is subject to taxation on its profits at the corporate tax rate. Additionally, if the C-Corp distributes dividends to its shareholders, those dividends are also subject to taxation at the individual level.
Hence, C-Corps are subject to potential double taxation—the corporation pays taxes on its profits, and the shareholders pay taxes on the dividends received.
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Preparation of Financial statements Example Hariech plc supplies computer software to customers throughout the European Union. following is the company's trial balance at 31st December 2014; $000 $000 Purchases. 50,000 Accounts receivable 4,160 Inventories at 1 January 2014 5,000 Freehold property at cost 77,800 Final dividend paid for 2013 in July 2014 700 Distribution costs 10,800 Plant & equipment at cost 12,000 Administration expenses 16,000 Research expenditure 2,480 Accumulated depreciation at 1 January 2014 Bank Ordinary shares 6% Debenture loan Accounts payable Share premium account at 1 January 2014 Sales revenue Retained profit at 1 January 2014 Total You are given the following additional information; 178,940 2400 300 44,000 4,000 4,240 5,000 102,000 17,000 178,940 1. An invoice of $ 100,000 for advertising during 2014 was received in January 2015 and is not reflected in the above trial balance. 2. The value of inventories at 31 December 2014 was $5,400,000. 3. The company does not depreciate its freehold property. 4. The plant & equipment were purchased on 1 January 2012, at which time they were expected to have a 10 year life and a zero residual value. 5. Six months' rent of $520,000 included in administration expenses, was paid in advance on 1 October 2014. 6. Research expenditure has been incurred in the attempt to discover an improved design for one of the products that it sells. 7. The debenture interest due for 2014 has not yet been paid or accrued. 8. On 30 June 2014 the company issued 5,000,000 ordinary shares of $ 1 each for $9,000,000. The entire proceeds of this issue has been recorded as part of the balance of $ 44,000,000 on the ordinary shares account. 9. It is estimated that the corporation Tax charge for 2014 will be $6,000,000. Required: Prepare the following financial statements of Hariech plc for 2014 in accordance with the provisions of IAS 1 entitled presentation of Financial Statements: a) Statement of comprehensive income b) Statement of changes in equity; and c) Statement of financial position
a) The financial statements of Hariech plc for 2014, prepared in accordance with IAS 1, include the following:
Statement of comprehensive income
Statement of changes in equity
Statement of financial position
b) The statement of comprehensive income presents the company's revenues, expenses, gains, and losses for the year. It includes the following items: sales revenue, purchases, distribution costs, administration expenses, research expenditure, final dividend paid, advertising expenses (not reflected in the trial balance), and debenture interest (accrued but not paid).
c) The statement of changes in equity outlines the movement in the company's equity during the year. It includes the opening balance of retained profit, additional share capital (proceeds from the issuance of ordinary shares), and the estimated corporation tax charge. The statement also reflects any dividends paid and the closing balance of retained profit.
d) The statement of financial position provides a snapshot of the company's financial position at the end of the year. It includes assets such as accounts receivable, inventories, freehold property (not depreciated), plant and equipment, and accumulated depreciation. Liabilities and equity are also presented, including accounts payable, the debenture loan, the share premium account and ordinary shares. The statement of financial position will reflect the adjustments for inventories, prepaid rent, and the estimated corporation tax charge.
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Dammam Petrochemical produces two products – Silka and Super A by a joint production process. Joint costs amount to $180,000 per batch of output. Each batch totals 15,000 tons: 20% Silka and 80% Super A. Both products are processed further without gain or loss in volume. Separable processing costs are Silka, $4.5 per ton ; Super A, $3 per ton. Silka sells for $31.5 per ton. Super A sells for $21 per ton.
The total joint costs for Dammam Petrochemical's batch of output amount to $180,000.
In this joint production process, each batch of output consists of 20% Silka and 80% Super A. Both products undergo further processing without any change in volume. The separable processing costs for Silka are $4.5 per ton, while for Super A, they are $3 per ton.
Silka is sold at a price of $31.5 per ton, and Super A is sold at $21 per ton.
The joint costs, which are incurred before the products are separated, are allocated to Silka and Super A based on their relative proportions in the batch. Since Silka accounts for 20% of the batch, its allocated joint cost would be $36,000 ($180,000 * 20%). Similarly, Super A would be allocated $144,000 ($180,000 * 80%).
To determine the total cost for each product, the allocated joint cost is added to the separable processing costs. For Silka, the total cost per ton would be $40.5 ($4.5 + $36,000/15,000). For Super A, the total cost per ton would be $19.50 ($3 + $144,000/15,000).
Based on the given selling prices, Silka generates a profit of $(-)9 per ton ($31.5 - $40.5), while Super A generates a profit of $1.50 per ton ($21 - $19.50).
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