Gene replacement therapy the most common form of gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene into cells that contain a defective version of the gene. in order to use gene therapy to prevent a man from passing a defective gene on to future generations.
The idea behind gene therapy is to address a genetic issue at its root. Gene therapy could be used to deliver a copy of a gene that does not contain the harmful mutation and produces a functional protein, for example, if a mutation in a particular gene results in the production of a protein that is dysfunctional and causes the development of an inherited disease (typically recessively). This method is used to treat inherited retinal problems and is known as gene replacement therapy.
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the climate envelope model assumes that an organism’s realized niche approximates its fundamental niche.
a) True
b) Fals
Thin filaments of muscle (thin myofilaments).
The thin filaments of muscles are actin.
The muscles are made up of thin as well as thick myofibrils.
The thicker filaments are made up of myosin whereas the thinner thinner filaments are made up of actin.
Along with actin, the other proteins that are present in the myofilaments are tropomyosin and troponin.
The myofilaments combine to form myofibrils. These three proteins help in the complex functioning that is done by the muscles.
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6. which of the following components of the neuromuscular junction would be directly affected by the toxin produced by bacterium clostridium tetani? a. the axon terminals b. the motor end plate c. the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. the synaptic cleft
Motor end plate of the neuromuscular junction would be directly affected by the toxin produced by bacterium clostridium tetani.
Clostridium tetani is a soil bacterium. It is a major causative agent for tetanus. It enters the body through wounds or necrosis. Bacteria that reside in muscles release neurotoxin called tetanospasmin. It enters the axon of the motor neuron and moves retrogressively and reaches the inhibitory neuron where it enters into the axon bulb and prevents the release of neurotransmitters called gamma amino butyric acid and glycine. Hence the inhibitory neuron cannot pass signals to the motor neuron which causes more muscle contraction since signal from the inhibitory neuron reduces muscle contraction.
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4.9. The allele for black noses in woives dominant ove the allele for brown noses. There no known selective advantage for one nose color over another In wolves. If this remains true; which of the following statements most Iikely TRUE about the change in wolf nose colors over many generations? Black noses becomcMorc common than they are nOW Black noses will stay about Ihe same Irequency as now Black noses will become less common than they are now Brown noses will disappear after enough generations pass Aeemt Answver 5aved SimUText seivet. Q4.10. large population of Iand turtles 0n an isolated Island has two alleles for & that determines shell thickness The allele for thinner shells dominant over the gene allele for thicker shells. The thinner-shell allele occurs at frequercy of 8096- Assuming there is no net advantage thlck or thin shells what should the frequency of homozygous thlcker-shelled turtles be in the population? (Hint: Use large Punnett square [0 calculate the answer:) 1690 5080 6493 1/1 Iijt
The black noses will stay about the same frequency as they are now. Thus, the correct option is B.
The frequency of homozygous thicker-shelled turtles will be 64% in the population.
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce more successfully than other organisms in a population in a certain environment is known as a selective advantage. It serves as the foundation for population evolution through natural selection.
In wolves, the allele for a black nose predominates over the allele for a brown nose. There is no selective advantage, though. As a result, the frequency of the black nose character won't change.
Punnett Square Explanation:
Frequency of dominant allele (say p) = 0.4
Frequency of recessive allele (say q) = 1- 0.4 = 0.6
Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA)= p2= (0.4)2= 0.16
Frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa)= 2pq = 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48
Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa)= q2= (0.6)2= 0.36
The correct questions are:
4.9. The allele for black noses in wolves is dominant over the allele for brown noses. There is no known selective advantage for one nose color over another in wolves. If this remains true, which of the following statements is most likely TRUE about the change in wolf nose colors over many generations?
Black noses will become more common than they are now.
Black noses will stay about the same frequency as now.
Black noses will become less common than they are now.
Brown noses will disappear after enough generations pass.
4.10. A large population of land turtles on an isolated island has two alleles for a gene that determines shell thickness. The allele for thinner shells is dominant over the allele for thicker shells. The thinner-shell allele occurs at a frequency of 80%. Assuming there is no net advantage to thick or thin shells, what should the frequency of homozygous thicker-shelled turtles be in the population? (Hint: Use a population Punnett square to calculate the answer.) ? 4% 16% 50% 64%
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learning through art monohybrid cross
A monohybrid cross is genetic and designed to study the inheritance of a single trait or gene.
A cross is the process of fertilization and production of a new generation. mono means 'single'. Johann Gregor Mendel is the "Father of Genetics"
A hybrid is a plant that results in the cross between two plants That are both pure for different forms of the same trait.
A cross is a genetic mix between two individuals with homozygous genotypes whose results are in opposite phenotypes for a certain genetic trait.
The cross between two monohybrid traits is known as a "Monohybrid Cross.”
An example of a monohybrid cross is breeding a long-stemmed pea plant. A cross between the two creates heterozygous offspring.
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what is the clue that this pedigree shows inheritance of a sex-linked trait, not an autosomal one?
Males are affected by the condition at a higher rate than females.
When a female offspring demonstrates a recessive trait and the father is unaffected, as well as when an affected mother has an unaffected son, autosomal traits can also be identified.
What is meant by autosomal traits?
A genetic disorder or trait can be transferred from parent to kid via autosomal dominant inheritance. The genetic disorder can be brought on by one copy of a mutant (changed) gene from one parent. A child has a 50% chance of receiving the mutant gene from a parent who carries it.
A parent's genes should also be examined if a person is diagnosed with an autosomal dominant disease. Marfan syndrome and type 1 neurofibromatosis are two examples of autosomal dominant diseases.
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How does the Ras protein transmit a signal from outside the cell into the cytoplasm?
a) Inactivated Ras proteins transduce a signal, which activates the transcription of genes that start cell division.
b) Activated Ras proteins transduce a signal, which activates the transcription of genes that start cell division.
c) Activated Ras proteins transduce a signal, which inactivates the transcription of genes that supress cell division.
d) Inactivated Ras proteins transduce a signal, which inactivates the transcription of genes that supress cell division.
Activated Ras proteins transduce a signal, which activates the transcription of genes that start cell division.
What is RAS?
RAS proteins are important for normal development. Active RAS drives the growth, proliferation, and migration of cells. In normal cells, RAS receives signals and obeys those signals to rapidly switch between the active (GTP) form and the inactive (GDP form) states.
Activated Ras proteins transduce a signal, which activates the transcription of genes that start cell division.
Cell growth-promoting signal is linked to the Ras type protein, Ras type protein is a monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein, having the GTPase activity, it is an inactive condition when GDP is bound and active when bound to GTP.
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If individual II-1 marries a person with the same genotype as individual I-2, what is the chance that their child will be afflicted with hemophilia?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
Answer:
Their chance will be A. 0%
which of the following evidence does not support the out-of-africa hypothesis? group of answer choices differences among modern human populations are due to geographic separation for 2 million years. the replacement of other hominin species by homo sapiens expanding beyond africa approximately 60,000 years ago the coalescence time for human mitochondrial dna is between 120,000 and 230,000 years ago, while the coalescence time for non-african mtdna is only about 38,500 years ago. the existence of greater mitochondrial diversity in africa than in the rest of the world combined
The evidence that not support the out of Africa hypothesis is on first sentence. Differences among modern human populations are due to geographic separation for 2 million years.
What evidence supports Out of Africa hypothesis?Now a study of characteristic DNA sequences called "markers" in the Y chromosome adds support to the Out of Africa hypothesis. When scientists sequenced DNA from the mitochondria of a Neandertal 4 years ago, they found that it was very different from that in living humans.The 'Out of Africa' model was the most widely favoured explanation accounting for the origins of modern humans. It suggested that modern humans originated in Africa within the last 200,000 years from a single group of ancestors.Learn about Out of Africa hypothesis here: brainly.com/question/15069281
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How many penicillin molecules would you have if you had 36 hydrogen atoms total? What would be the total atomic mass?
HELPPPPPP!!!!!!!!!!
Answer: The total penicillin molecule would be 2 with an atomic mass of 334 amu for each molecule of penicillin.
Explanation: the molecular formula of penicillin is C16H18N2O4S
No. of hydrogen atoms in total 36
no. of molecules = 36/ 18 =2
the molecular weight of penicillin is 334 amu
so the total weight of the two molecules is 668 amu
your next paragraph will focus on your gene of choice. you should find one to two reliable sources that discuss that gene. focus on the group of cancer-causing genes that this gene belongs to, its normal function, and why the mutation can lead to the cell cycle becoming out of control. is your mutated gene inherited, or does it become mutated throughout a person's lifetime? if you could develop a drug that treats cancer caused by your mutated gene, how would the drug work? would the drug damage non-cancerous cells as well? explain
There are currently 342 genes linked to somatic mutations and 70 genes linked to germline mutations on the list of known cancer genes. However, in most cases, cancer is caused by mutations in two fundamental types of genes: proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Several genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for turning normal cells into malignant ones when they mutate (Adamson, 1987; Weinstein & Joe, 2006). Proto-oncogene mutations are often dominant in nature, and the mutated form of an oncogene is referred to be an oncogene. Proto-oncogenes frequently produce proteins that promote cell proliferation, prevent cell differentiation, and prevent cell death. The preservation of tissues and organs as well as normal human development depend on each of these processes. However, oncogenes frequently show increased synthesis of these proteins.
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Which of the following is not a protein in blood plasma? A. fibrinogen, B. sodium, C. albumin, D. globulin.
B. Sodium is not a protein in blood plasma.
Blood Plasma:
Plasma is separated from blood by spinning a tube of fresh blood containing anticoagulant in a centrifuge until the blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube. The plasma is then poured out or aspirated. For point-of-care testing applications, plasma can be extracted from whole blood by filtration or agglutination to allow rapid testing for specific biomarkers. Plasma has a density of approximately 1,025 kg/m3 (1.025 g/mL). Serum is blood plasma that does not contain clotting factors. Plasmapheresis is a medical therapy that involves the collection, treatment, and reuptake of plasma.
Sodium:Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin sodium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal and belongs to group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23Na. Free metals do not exist in nature and must be made from compounds. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the earth's crust and is found in numerous minerals such as feldspar, sodalite, and halite (NaCl). Many sodium salts are highly water soluble: over time sodium ions have been leached from the earth's minerals by the action of water.
Proteins in human blood plasma include albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen. Albumin helps to regulate osmotic pressure, globulin helps with immune responses, and fibrinogen helps with blood clotting.
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what direction does the wind blow
Answer:
East-west
Explanation:
Generally, prevailing winds blow east-west rather than north-south. This happens because Earth’s rotation generates what is known as the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect makes wind systems twist counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
how is the spinal cord like a two way highway
The spinal cord is comparable to a two-way street. The spinal cord transmits information to the brain about the body's internal and external conditions. The spinal cord delivers instructions from the brain to the body in the opposite direction.
What is the "highway" of the spinal cord?Information is transferred between the brain and the body through the spinal cord. When the spinal cord is damaged, the brain's ability to communicate with the rest of the body is compromised.
Which bodily part serves as a message superhighway?The spinal cord descends from the brain via the back. It consists of nerve fibers that branch off to reach every organ and part of the body. Through this network of nerves, the brain communicates with other parts of the body.
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how might the daily experiences of people contribute to the belief the earth's species do not change
Like all living things, humans rely greatly on other species, and the extinction of one species can have a profound effect on many others.
What impact do people have on the evolution of other species?A range of 'contexts', such as hunting, harvesting, fishing, agriculture, medicine, climate change, pollution, eutrophication, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, biological invasions, and emerging/disappearing diseases, have been documented as examples of this human-induced current evolution.When we contract the flu virus or fight it off, for example, evolution is at work in our daily lives. Some of our most urgent global health issues are also influenced by evolution. For instance, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develops more quickly than the immune system can keep up.Like all living things, humans rely greatly on other species, and the extinction of one species can have a profound effect on many others.To learn more about species refer to:
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a recessive disorder is a genetic disorder . a. with two functioning alleles b. that will express itself in the presence of two defective alleles c. that involves change in chromosome number d. that will express itself in the presence of one functioning allele e. that involves change in chromosome structure
You must inherit two altered genes (mutations), one from each parent, in order to have an autosomal recessive condition. Two carriers typically transmit these diseases on to their offspring.
What is a genetic condition with dominant and recessive traits?Recessive genes are thought to be inherited in either an X-linked or autosomal recessive fashion. Disease could arise if the faulty gene is present in two copies. A dominant hereditary condition results, however, if only one aberrant gene is required to cause a disease.
Recessive disorders are caused by what genotype?A recessive hereditary characteristic, such as a smooth chin as opposed to a dominant cleft chin, is only expressed in individuals with an aa genotype; hence, offspring must have one recessive allele from each parent to exhibit a recessive trait.
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what codes for proteins that your body uses to make eye pigment, hair color, hair texture and etc.?
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid that code for certain proteins and carry out specific protein functions in one or more types of physiological cells.
Which four distinct gene types are there?
It is made up of millions of little molecules called bases. A, C, T, and G are the four different chemical kinds. A gene is a section of DNA with the amino acid sequences As, Cs, Ts, and Gs.
A gene is the primary structural and functional element of heredity. Genes are made out of DNA. Some genes act as instructions for making proteins. However, many genes do not encode for proteins. A human gene can range in size from a few hundred DNA bases to over 2 million bases.
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33. Organic molecules are those that contain at least carbon and oxygen carbon; oxygen; and hydrogen carbon and nitrogen carbon Question 34 (2 points) A nucleic acid is polymer made up of which kind of monomers? alternating sugar and phosphate groups nucleotides amino acids simple sugars
Organic molecules are those that contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom. A nucleic acid is polymer that is made up of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.
Organic molecules are those molecules which contain carbon and hydrogen as the very basic building blocks of the molecule.
All though there is no restriction on the type of atom that can be present in an organic molecule. It can have sodium calcium potassium but it should must have at least one carbon and hydrogen in it.
A nucleic acid is a polymer that is made up of monomers.
These monomers are amino acids which are alternating simple sugars attached by phosphate groups.
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what explanation of inheritance suggests that hereditary traits are determined by discrete units that are transmitted from one generation to the next?
Which of the following are non-point sources of water pollution?
A Drainage of water from a city
B Factory chimney
C Farms
D Sewage pipe
Non-point causes of water Pollution include farms.
What are the four primary nonpoint sources of pollution?As a result, nonpoint source pollution does not comply with the Clean Water Act's definition of "point source." Nonpoint source contamination can be divided into four categories: pathogens, hazardous chemicals, nutrients, and sediments. Sediments are bits of dirt that rainwater carries into bays, lakes, rivers, and streams.
Which of the following is not an element that pollutes water?The appropriate response is Glacier. A glacier is a source of fresh water, not a water pollution. The main causes of water pollution are bacteria, viruses, parasites, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, plastics, feces, nitrates, phosphates, and even radioactive materials.
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Where do secondary bronchi supply air to?
Your lungs receive air through the bronchi. The bronchioles at the end of the bronchi transport air to the alveoli, which are tiny sacs in your lungs. Your body's alveoli carry out gas exchange.
Air travels via your bronchi to and from your lungs. The bronchi also function as a filter for foreign particles and moisturisers for the air you breathe. Your airways are coated with mucus-producing cells. Your airways are kept wet by the mucus. In order to safeguard your lungs and stop infection, it also captures bacteria, viruses, fungus, and other particles. Cilia, which like microscopic hairs, line the bronchi. The cilia assist in removing particles and mucus (phlegm) from your lungs. The bits stuck in the mucus leave your body or enter an external source when you cough or swallow.
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are there other uses of basagran herbicide other than herbicide
Answer: established bluegrass, fescue, bentgrass, Bermudagrass, bahiagrass, centipedegrass, zoysiagrass, ryegrass
Explanation:
The primary immune response involves:
The primary immune response involves:
A slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a gradual decline.Organism has with a particular antigen which will result in the production of effector T and B cells which are activated cells that defend against the pathogenWhat are 3 examples of primary immune response?When an antigen comes into touch with the immune system for the first time, the primary immune response takes place. The immune system must learn to identify antigen, how to build an antibody against it, and finally produce memory cells throughout this period.
Primary immune responses in vitro require antigen to be particularly immunogenic. Examples of primary immune response are:
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what is the term for plasmids used for in vitro cloning of foreign dna fragments? group of answer choices
Answer:
Vectors
Explanation:
Plasmids can be used as tools to transfer, clone and manipulate genes. Those plasmids that are used experimentally for such purposes are called vectors. Into plasmid vectors, DNA fragments or genes can be inserted to create a “recombinant plasmid”.
which of the following is / are important for enforcing the specificity of protein synthesis? a) correct trna being attached to the right amino acid b) correct codon matching the right anticodon c) specific mrna finding the right kind of ribosome d) both a and b are needed e) all a, b and c are essential
The correct choices that are important to reinforce the specificity of protein synthesis are:
Correct tRNA being attached to the right amino acid.Correct codon matching the right anticodon.Correct answer: letter D.
These two options are important for enhancing the specificity of protein synthesis, because they ensure that the correct amino acid is added to the protein chain at the correct location. If incorrect tRNA or codons are used, the resulting protein may not have the correct properties or may not be able to perform its intended function.
What is protein synthesis?Is the process by which cells create specific proteins, and it is essential for cell growth and repair. Protein synthesis occurs in two stages:
First, the cell’s genetic code is decoded through the transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA. The mRNA is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein.Learn more about protein synthesis:
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Which lymphatic structure is impossible to palpate? A. Inguinal nodes B. Axillary nodes C. Popliteal nodes D.
Thymus
Thymus is lymphatic structure is impossible to palpate
Small clusters of lymphoid tissue known as lymph nodules can be found under moist epithelial membranes in the respiratory, urinary, and digestive systems. Unlike other lymphatic organs like the spleen, tonsils, and lymph node, the thymus does not have lymph nodules. Thymocytes, which are tiny lymphocytes, are clustered together in the cortex, and epithelial reticular cells in the medulla might resemble nodules.It is active up until puberty, after which it begins to wither away, leaving just fatty tissue behind when an adult. The thymus plays no significant function after puberty, and its removal has no negative repercussions or adverse impacts on the immune system. The thymus is unique in that, in contrast to most organs, it grows the fastest in young children. The thymus gradually shrinks and is replaced by fat after you reach puberty. The thymus is essentially just fatty tissue at the age of 75. In the chest, between the lungs, is the thymus gland. It produces T lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that are a component of the immune system and aid in battling illness.
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DDT is an insecticide that was first used in 1940s to kill mosquitoes and stop the spread of malaria. At first, it was effective. However , over a period of years, people began to notice that it was becoming less and less effective. A possible explanation for this was that the insects were becoming resistant to the DDT. Explain how the resistance may have evolved.
DDT is an well known insecticide used in agriculture.
What is DDT?Researchers classify DDT as an endocrine-disrupting chemical, or an EDC, since there is evidence that it alters and disrupts hormones crucial for healthy health, including reproductive health, as well as neurological and immunological processes.
The insects that lacked these adaptations eventually went extinct, and when the adaptations grew more sophisticated and developed into a resistance, the DDT-rejecting mosquitoes obtained them.Given the situation, it would seem that mosquitoes have become resistant to DDT over time. This may be the result of natural selection-driven evolution within the mosquito population.DDT-resistant mosquitoes do better in the wild than non-resistant ones. Consequently, the resistance characteristic is handed along to next generations, creating a population of resistant individuals.To know more about DDT refer to:
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if the two genes independently assort, what is the probability, expressed as a percent, that the offspring will be homozygous for the tall height gene?
A plant with the genotype TtYy and a plant with the genotype Ttyy are crossed. The likelihood that the offspring will be homozygous for gene T is 0.25 if the two genes separately assort.
The genetic make-up of an organism is referred to as its genotype. The Phenotype of an individual characterises its look. An organism's genotype determines its phenotype. The genotype of an organism is said to be homozygous if it consists of two copies of the same allele. A genotype is said to as heterozygous if it contains two copies of a distinct allele in an organism.A homozygous recessive condition is characterised as a recessive characteristic when it manifests in one person. This means that if a person exhibits a recessive characteristic, they will undoubtedly have both recessive alleles for that trait since a dominant allele might mask a recessive trait.
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Rapid blood loss of ______ quart(s) or more in an adult can lead to shock and death A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Rapid blood loss of one quart or more in an adult can lead to shock and death. So option a. is correct.
You can lose quite a bit of blood without experiencing any side effects or complications. The exact amount depends on your size, age, and general health. Typical causes of blood loss- giving a blood sample for testing at the doctor's office, menstruation, or a nosebleed- won't usually cause complications. But sustaining an injury or undergoing surgery may cause severe bleeding and require a red blood cell transfusion.
When blood loss nears 30 to 40 percent of total blood volume, your body will have a traumatic reaction.
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In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, gene regulation most commonly occurs at the level of ____initiation.
Prokaryotic transcription and translation take place in the cytoplasm concurrently, and transcription is regulated.
What is the same about prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of gene regulation?At any point in the process of gene expression, gene regulation can take place. In other words, gene regulation can take place at any point along the route from DNA to RNA to protein. Numerous genes regulate their expression during the stage of transcription, the DNA to RNA step in the process, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
What degrees of gene regulation are there?In particular, there are two degrees of control over gene expression. The first way transcription is regulated is by regulating the amount of mRNA that can be generated from a given gene. The translation of mRNA into proteins is regulated by post-transcriptional processes, which constitute the second level of regulation.
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