The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell is passive transport.
Passive transport happens while materials move the plasma membrane with none enter of electricity from the cell. No electricity is wanted due to the fact the materials are shifting from a place wherein they have got a better attention to a place wherein they have got a decrease attention. Water answers are very vital in biology.
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if 2 radishes are cross pollinated what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the f generation?
In incomplete dominance, heterozygous individuals express an intermediate phenotype between homozygous dominant and homozgous recessive phenotypes. Behind you will find four radishes crosses and the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation.
What is incomplete dominance?Incomplete dominance is an inheritance pattern in which neither of the involved alleles completely dominates over the other one.
In heterozygous individuals, both alleles are expressed, and they possess an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous individuals.
Heterozygous individuals express as a mixture of both homozygous progenitors.
Radishes color is an example of a feature coded by a gene that expresses incomplete dominance.
Red radishes are homozygous dominant, RRWhite radishes are homozygous recessive, WWPurple radishes are heterozygous, RWTo answer the question, I will propose four different crosses because I do not have the genotypes of the radishes that are cross-pollinated. So I advise you to study the four cases and select the one that matches your example.
Cross 1: Red with white
Parentals) RR x WW
Gametes) R R W W
F1) 100% RW, purple radishes
Cross 2: Red with Purple
Parentals) RR x RW
Gametes) R R R W
F1) 50% RR red + 50% RW Purple
Genotypic ratio 1:1Phenotypic ratio 1:1Cross 3: White with Purple
Parentals) WW x RW
Gametes) W W R W
F1) 50% RW Purple + 50% WW White
Genotypic ratio 1:1Phenotypic ratio 1:1Cross 4: Purple with Purple
Parentals) RW x RW
Gametes) R W R W
F1) 25% RR red + 50% RW Purple + 25% WW White
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flying squirrels and sugar gliders both have extra flaps of skin that allow them to glide from tree to tree. these two groups are not closely related. the trait of extra flaps of skin are an example of .
The extra flaps of skin are an example of Convergent evolution.
What is Convergent evolution?
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of capabilities which might be comparable in species spanning over exclusive eras. Convergent evolution produces analogous systems having comparable features or forms.
However, they're now no longer visible withinside the last common ancestor of these units.
These structures do not reflect homology, even though they are analogous. There are similarities in the phenotypic level, where apparent characteristics are shared by lineages. The implicit DNA sequences, however, vary.
Convergent evolution occurs when species take similar ecological niches, where they accommodate in a kind of similar manner by responding to selective pressures that are similar.
Characteristics coming via Convergent evolution are called 'analogous structures'.
Therefore, the extra flaps of skin in both flying squirrels and sugar gliders are an example of Convergent evolution.
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There is a ______- brain barrier that prevents harmful materials from the brain.
Answer:
blood
Explanation:
blood-brain barrier
Which sentence describes a result of an organism having lipids in its body?
Answer:
the correct option is be a walrus stays warm in the cold ocean.
Explanation:
Hello, everyone in this weekend we are being asked which of the following is most likely the result of an organism having lipids in its body. So basically walruses have blubber on their bodies to keep them warm in the cold arctic ocean.
Please help me. Label the cell membrane
Answer:
A = Carbohydrate chains
B = glycoproteins
C = Glucose
D = Hydrophylic head
E = Hydrophobic tails
F = Phospholipid bi-layer
G = Cytoskeleton
H = Structural proteins
I = Cholesterol
J = Channel protein
Explanation: open source intelligence could have solved your question. mark brainliest tho ty
neurons which carry impulses from sensory receptors in the internal organs (viscera), skin, skeletal muscles, joints, or special sensory organs are called
Neurons which carry impulses from sensory receptors in the internal organs (viscera), skin, skeletal muscles, joints, or special sensory organs are called sensory neurons.
Neurons are the nerve cells that function to transmit signals in the form of electrical signals to and from the brain. The neurons are the longest cell in human body. The structure of neuron is composed of a cell body surrounded by dendrites, a long axon and the axon terminal.
Sensory organs are those that receive signals from the outer environment. These organs are composed of sensory neurons that help them receive the stimulus. The sensory organs of the body are eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.
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What three respiratory diseases combine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? how does smoking cause this disease?.
The leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is smoking. Your risk of rises as a result.
What happens if someone with COPD continues to smoke?
Even after acquiring COPD, smoking worsens the condition and may even cause flare-ups or exacerbations. Exacerbations are a sudden exacerbation of symptoms, which typically manifest as extremely uncomfortable breathing. These episodes have the potential to be fatal and can make the condition worse.
When do most smokers develop COPD?
What is the average age that COPD first manifests? The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute states that COPD most frequently affects smokers or those who have smoked in the past who are over 40.
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Specific cyclins must be expressed to carry out the events of the cell cycle. What is the role of rna polymerase in this process?.
RNA polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from DNA template. In order for specific cyclins to be expressed, RNA polymerase must first bind to the promoter region of the gene encoding the cyclin.
Once bound, RNA polymerase will begin to transcribe the gene into RNA. The RNA produced by RNA polymerase can then be translated into protein, which will go on to perform the function of the cyclin. Cyclin is a protein that regulates the cell cycle. It does this by binding to and activating enzymes that control cell division.
Cyclin is produced in response to signals that tell the cell it is time to divide. These signals can come from other cells in the body, or from the environment. Once cyclin is produced, it binds to enzymes that control cell division. These enzymes are called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs phosphorylate (add a phosphate group to) other proteins that control cell division. This phosphorylation activates these proteins, and the cell begins to divide.
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which amphibian order has aquatic and terrestrial species with very flexible bodies, has a tail, and retains its juvenile features throughout its life?
Order Urodela has amphibian with aquatic and terrestrial species with very flexible bodies, has a tail, and retains its juvenile features throughout its life.
What is terrestrial species?
An animal or plant that lives on land or in the ground, as opposed to the sea, trees, or the air, is said to be terrestrial. There are occasionally aquatic and terrestrial animals seen sleeping next to each other under a loose stone.
These animals can run quickly because the majority of them have legs. They must move quickly to capture their prey or avoid being an animal's next meal (predators).
Therefore, Order Urodela has amphibian with aquatic and terrestrial species with very flexible bodies, has a tail, and retains its juvenile features throughout its life.
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Converts chemical energy from food into useable energy (cellular respiration)
What’s the organelle
Answer:
Mitochondria
Explanation:
In animal cells, the mitochondria converts food into useable energy (through cellular respiration).
50POINTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
Describe how energy and matter move through the environment under both aerobic
and anaerobic conditions. Must be at least two paragraphs
Answer:
Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration (including anaerobic processes) provide most of the energy for life processes.
Explanation:
will mark brainless and giving away 50 points I need the answer quickly
The picture shows a student’s experiment with Elodea, a common aquatic plant.
Which change in this experiment is most likely to increase the volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube?
A.Move the light source closer to the beaker
B. replace the beaker with a larger container
C.reduce the amount of water
D.use fewer plants
The volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube is Moving the light source closer to the beaker. Option A.
The photo shows a student's experiment using Irodea a widespread aquatic plant. In this experiment, which is most likely to increase the amount of oxygen gas that collects at the top of the tube? Move the correct light source closer to the beaker.
Photosynthesis is the process that involves the chemical reaction between water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to produce food for plants and release oxygen into the atmosphere as a by-product. The relationship between pressure and volume Boyle's Law. As the pressure of the gas increases the gas particles are pushed together thus reducing the volume of the gas.
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Differential treatment on the basis of gender is also known as gender _____________.
Differential treatment on the basis of gender is also known as gender discrimination
What is the gender difference?Women make their claims for benefits as spouses and carers, whilst males do so as family providers and earners. Gender differentiation is tied to separate programs for labor market and family demands, structuring benefits claims. The gap between the benefits received by men and women is known as gender inequality.
By gender identity, what do you mean?An individual's internal and unique experience of gender is their gender identity. It is the perception of a person as being a woman, a man, neither, both, or somewhere else on the gender continuum. A person's gender identity could be the same as or different from the sex they were given at birth.
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Muscles have a bunch of nuclei because they need to use the dna in the nuclei to make the large number of proteins that they must contain, so that they can relax and contract. What other organelle might muscles need a larger than normal number of?.
Multinucleation is one mechanism adopted by cells to generate and sustain large muscle cell sizes.
Muscle cells are one of the most important mobile kinds, which are fashioned via the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts and contain up to numerous tens of invertebrates to several hundred vertebrates nuclei.
Skeletal muscle cells are long, cylindrical, and striated. they're multi-nucleated which means that they have got multiple nuclei. that is due to the fact they are formed from the fusion of embryonic myoblasts. each nucleus regulates the metabolic necessities of the sarcoplasm around it.
Few cells such as the skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated cells due to the fact after the system of mitosis, cell division in them stops and the cell does not undergo cytokinesis, as a result generating a couple of nuclei. at some point in most cancers or viral sicknesses, the cellular cycle of those cells will become unregulated.
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After the geologic event, which layer is the oldest?
layer A
layer B
layer C
layer D
Answer: It's A
Explanation:
Which best describes the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits?.
Chromosomes contain the genes. The transmission and expression of inherited features from parents to children are governed by genes. This is the most accurate way to explain how chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits interact. The right response in this case is option B.
Chromosomes, which are found in the cell nucleus, are where genes are found. There are hundreds to thousands of genes on each chromosome. There are 46 chromosomes in all, or 23 pairs, in each typical human cell. Any characteristic that is influenced by more than one gene is called a trait.
Chromosomes are multi-gene-containing structures. They determine a person's distinctive characteristics and are passed on from parents to children. Every organism's genome is made up of DNA, genes, and chromosomes. Every living thing, including people, has a distinct genome.
Complete question:
Which best describes the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits?
A - Genes and chromosomes both carry DNA that determine inherited traits from parents to offspring.
B - Genes are located within chromosomes. Genes determine the passing and expression of inherited traits from parent to offspring.
C - Chromosomes are located within genes. Chromosomes determine genetic code for inherited traits from parent to offspring.
D - Genes are controlled by chromosomes. Chromosomes create mutations and new genes that are passed from parent to offspring.
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Why is the the ability of glucose to affect transcription of the lac operon an advantage for the bacterial cell?.
The ability of glucose to affect the transcription of the lac operon is an advantage for the bacterial cell because glucose is the preferred sugar for the bacteria.
The lactose operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.
In the lactose operon of Escherichia coli, the final targets of glucose are the lac repressor and the positive regulator, the complex of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP. First, glucose prevents the entry of the inducer into the cell, resulting in an increase in the concentration of the inducer-free lac repressor.
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categorize each cell type as haploid or diploid.
Somatic Cell
Zygote
Germ Cell
Sperm cell
Gamete
Egg cell
Diploid
Haploid
Somatic cells and zygote are diploid whereas germ cell, sperm cell, gamete, egg cell are all haploid.
What are diploid and haploid cells?A cell with a single set of chromosomes is called haploid. The number of chromosomes in sperm or egg cells, often known as gametes, is also referred to as haploid. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells—and are hence haploid.
Human somatic cells are diploid, meaning they have 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes, and a pair of sex chromosomes. A diploid cell is one that has two copies of each chromosome.
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You leave your house in a hurry one morning without
your jacket. While you are waiting for the bus, you are
freezing! What body systems are working to keep you
warm?
Mitochondria generate most of the heat in endotherms. They produce most of this body heat.
Mitochondria are a membrane-bound cell organelles that is capable of generating most of the chemical energy needed to functioning the cell's biochemical reactions.
They needs to produce the energy that is used for the activities in the cell, That generate heat as one of the byproducts . Hence ,Producing heat is part of the mitochondria's role in the center of metabolism activity. Human produced heat through burning calories. When body uses energy heat is created. Higher levels of physical activity also produce heat.
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When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that _____.
When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the bilayer middle. The best explanation for this is that when membrane surfaces are frozen, hydrophilic connections between them might be lost.
Phosphate and lipid molecules are arranged in a two-layered arrangement that makes up the phospholipid bilayer. The hydrophobic lipid ends of this cell membrane point inward, whereas the hydrophilic phosphate ends point outward. Since the hydrophobic interactions are weakest in the middle, they will break here at freezing temperatures. A membrane's bilayer splits in half between its two phospholipid layers when it is freeze-fractured.
Integral proteins are the bumps seen on the membrane's cracked surface in an electron micrograph of a membrane that has been frozen. The phospholipid bilayer is broken in half using the freeze-fracture technique.
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in lab you will be using different antisera to make observations about the abo blood system . what antibodies are in antiserum a?
Anti-A is contained in antiserum A.
What is ABO blood type?The AB0 typing test is used to find your blood type. Antibodies against type A and B blood are in combination with a blood sample. The selection is then examined to analyze if the blood cells are sticking together. When the blood reacts with one of the antibodies, the blood cells stick together.
Anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B reagents are used for the determination of ABO blood group red blood cells. They are used to determine the presence or absence of erythrocyte antigens A and/or B on the surface of human erythrocytes.
Cells have protein molecules called antigens. When an antigen is foreign to the body it responds by producing antibodies against that antigen.
If red blood cells contain antigen A, the body is more likely to have anti-A antibodies than antibody B.
Therefore, the antibodies present in antiserum a are anti-A
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external bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because
Using your gloved hand to apply pressure on the wound to control bleeding Direct pressure.
What is bleeding?Bleeding that can be seen coming from a wound. External bleeding. The escape of blood from an artery, vein, or capillary inside the body. d. Internal bleeding.A tight band placed around an arm or leg to constrict blood vessels in order to stop blood flow to a wound Tourniquet.
Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body to the heart. f. Veins Vessels that transport blood to the capillaries for distribution to the cells arteries A bandage applied snugly to maintain pressure on the wound to control bleeding Pressure bandage.
Therefore, Using your gloved hand to apply pressure on the wound to control bleeding Direct pressure.
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external bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because it is accompanied by an open wound. Bleeding can lead to a complex chain of events as the brain, heart, and lungs try to compensate for the loss of blood.
what are the types of external bleeding ?The most difficult type is bleeding from the arteries because the blood in the arteries comes directly from the heart.
Arterial blood has a high concentration of oxygen and has a bright red color. Arterial bleeding is a form of life-threatening external bleeding needs to be controlled as quickly as possible.
bleeding from veins are closer to the skin's surface, Venous blood flows at a slower rate than arterial blood and it doesn't spurt, making it easier to control.
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why is salivary cortisol correlated to the circulating cortisol in blood? what if an individual has circulating cortsol too high or too low?
Salivary cortisol measurements are easy to obtain and measure in most laboratories, and they provide an indirect but reliable and practical assessment .
Cortisol levels that are higher than normal can cause high blood pressure, while cortisol levels that are lower than normal can cause low blood pressure.
What is Cortisol?
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced and released by your adrenal glands.
Hormones are chemicals that help your body coordinate different functions by transporting messages through your blood to your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues. These signals instruct your body on what to do and when.
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones. They reduce inflammation throughout your body and regulate metabolism in your muscles, fat, liver, and bones. Glucocorticoids also have an impact on sleep-wake cycles.
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Individuals have two alleles for each gene, and when gametes form by meiosis, the two alleles.
In meiosis, each gamete receives one allele according to the law of segregation.
What is the law of segregation?Each gamete inherits one allele from each parent for each gene, in accordance with the Law of Segregation.
The gamete acquires one copy of each allele from each parent after each parent's two copies of each allele are split apart during meiosis (for a total of two alleles).
Therefore due to the law of segregation one gamete receives only one allele according to the law of segregation.
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A cell in a multicellular organism receives a signal to increase production of a transmembrane protein found in the cell membrane. Which of the following combinations of structures is expected to be directly involved in the process?
a) Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoskeleton, ribosome
b) Nucleus, ribosome, ER, Golgi complex
c) Lysosome, mitochondria, Golgi complex, cytoskeleton
d) Chloroplasts, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome
I know that c is wrong, but could someone help explain which is the right one and why c is wrong?
Answer:
b) Nucleus, ribosome, ER, Golgi complex
Explanation:
"B" is correct because, with protein production, DNA must first be transcripted to RNA in the nucleus, then the RNA travels to a ribosome at the ER to start translation (RNA to amino acid sequence). Finally, it is sent to the Golgi complex to be further processed and/or sorted to be transported to its destination (in this case, it will be sorted to be transported to the cell membrane).
"C" is incorrect: the mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and lysosome do not play a direct role in protein synthesis.
The cytoskeleton is primarily involved with maintaining the structure of the cell along with spindle development in mitosis.The mitochondrion is "the powerhouse of the cell" and is mainly involved with cellular respiration: the process of converting glucose to energy (ATP).Lysosomes' typical function is to break down excess/worn-out organelles and to kill pathogens. Lysosomes have been hypothesized to be part of protein synthesis; however, it has not been confirmed yet.other than dominant/recessive, which patterns of control could exist for a single gene with two alleles? select all that apply. check all that apply incomplete dominance incomplete dominance genetic drift genetic drift incomplete penetrance incomplete penetrance codominance codominance pleiotropy
Incomplete dominance and codominance are two different patterns of control that could exist for a single gene with two alleles rather than complete dominance (i.e., other than dominant/recessive).
What are incomplete dominance and codominance?Incomplete dominance is a genetic phenomenon in which both alleles are expressed in the phenotype in a similar way that the genetic phenomenon of codominance. However, incomplete dominance denoted the higher expression of a gene variant or allele over another, while codominance involves the expression of both alleles in an equivalent manner.
For example, the expression of the A and B alleles in the blood allele system is a case of codominance.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that incomplete dominance and codominance are two different genetic phenomena that involve the expression of alleles in a single locus in a different manner when compared to complete dominance.
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If the main features and contours of the ocean floor were fully mapped, scientists would
be better able to study and understand wave refraction. What is the MOST likely reason
that this is the case?
A:Refracted waves can turn into whirlpools far above ocean basins.
B:Waves curve more tightly around sunken objects like shipwrecks.
C:Waves slow and change direction due to friction with the seabed.
D:Refraction occurs most frequently over ocean trenches or valleys.
The option (D) is correct. Refraction occurs most frequently over ocean trenches or valleys.
What do you mean by refraction?Refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium.
Moreover, light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with a different density , such as air and glass. This causes them to change direction.
Therefore, the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another. This bending by refraction makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms and rainbows. Even our eyes depend upon this bending of light.
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in humans, normal pigmentation is due to a dominant gene (c) and albinism is due to the recessive (c). rick, a normal-pigmented man whose father was an albino, marries ronda (an albino woman). can rick and ronda have normally- pigmented children? what are the chances?
Rick and Ronda can have normally- pigmented children in the ratio 1 normal: 1 albino.
What is albinism?
The rare genetic disease known as albinism results in pale or colourless skin, hair, or eyes. An error in one of the several genes that make or distribute melanin, the pigment that gives skin, eyes, and hair their colour, is the root cause of albinism. Melanin production could be absent or drastically diminished as a result of the defect.
A dominant allele, which can come from just one parent, causes a dominant phenotype in those who possess one copy of the gene. A person needs two copies of a recessive allele, one from each parent, in order for it to result in a recessive phenotype. One dominant and one recessive allele for a gene will result in a person with the dominant phenotype.
Being an autosomal recessive condition, albinism only manifests in homozygous recessive genotypes. Since the recessive gene is concealed by the presence of a healthy dominant gene, the heterozygous genotype will be normal but act as a carrier. The query said that the father of the normal pigmented man was an albino (aa). The man has a normal phenotype but an Aa genotype, indicating that he acquired the afflicted gene from his father but that it is hidden by the presence of the dominant allele (A) (carrier).
Parent generation : aa (albino man) x Aa (carrier woman)
F 1 generation = 1 normal child : 1 albino
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HELLO PLEASE HELP ME (question 18)
In the lizard species l. Vivipara, most females from the colder, mountainous part of the range live much longer than do individuals from warmer, lowland regions. Compared to the lowlands, what life-history trait is expected in lizards living in the mountains?.
Using the theories of lizard species, we got that Decreased fecundity is the life-history trait which is expected in Vivipara lizards in the mountains as compared to individuals from warmer, lowland regions.
Due to the fitness trade-offs, the mountain population must strike a balance between the survivorship and the fecundity. Therefore, the mountain population exhibits the higher survivorship but lower fecundity than lowland populations.
Hence, In the lizard species Vivipara, most females from the colder, mountainous part of the range live much longer than do individuals from warmer, lowland regions as Compared to the lowlands, the life-history trait which is expected in lizards living in the mountains is Decreased fecundity.
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