Mendel found that his dihybrid cross's F2 offspring had a 9:3:3:1 ratio and produced nine plants with round, yellow seeds, three plants with round, green seeds, three plants with wrinkled, yellow seeds, and one plant with wrinkled, green seeds.
What does an F2 phenotypic ratio of 12 3 1 mean?The dihybrid produces three phenotypes in a 12:3:1 ratio when selfed. This ratio's calculation is described in the following table. Dominant epistasis is the term used to describe the sort of interaction where the presence of the dominant W allele obscures the effects of either the G or g gene.
In Mendel's experiment, what was the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?Mendel regularly noticed traits in the F2 generation of monohybrid offspring In the F2 generation, there were three plants with the dominant phenotype and one plant with the recessive phenotype (3:1 phenotype ratio).
To know more about Mendel's experiment visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/12993314
#SPJ4
In ___ a bell or tuning fork can be chosen to eliminate unknown contingencies. A. genetic conditioning B. classical conditioning C. progressive conditioning D. operant conditioning
In classical conditioning a bell or tuning fork can be chosen to eliminate unknown contingencies.
Classical conditioning is a form of behavioral learning in which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the power to evoke the same innate reflect produced by another stimulus.
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that happens unconsciously. When you learn through classical conditioning, an automatic response is reflex with a specific stimulus. example include Pavlov's experiment with dogs, he begin with providing the neutral signal as a sound tone and in dogs the naturally occurring reflex was salivation for food.
To learn more about Classical conditioning , here
brainly.com/question/12691454
#SPJ1
Why is it important not to leave fingerprints or scratch the sample cells in spectrophotometric measurements?.
Scuffs and fingerprints on the cell's surface can restrict the amount of light that reaches the detector. If it does, your results won't be accurate.
What are spectrophotometric measurements?By measuring the light intensity as a beam of light passes through a sample solution, a process known as spectrophotometry can ascertain how much a chemical component absorbs light. Every substance either absorbs or transmits light across a specified wavelength range, according to the basic premise.
This equipment must be used with caution if you want to determine the concentration of a specific solution accurately. The wavelength can be incorrect if specific pre-processing procedures weren't performed.
When handling or cleaning the cuvette, always use a lint-free cloth, and be careful to wipe out any possible water.
To know more about fingerprints or scratch visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/13535707
#SPJ4
Which two hormones regulate calcium levels in the blood?
Explanation:
Both parathyroid harmone and calcitonin help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone work together to control blood calcium levels, which are crucial for a number of vital biological processes.
When the blood calcium level is high, calcitonin is released. It subsequently reduces the levels by preventing bones' release of calcium ions. Contrarily, the parathyroid hormone raises the blood calcium level by enhancing intestinal calcium absorption and moving calcium from bones into the blood.
A hormone called calcitonin works to control the amount of calcium in your blood by lowering it. Your thyroid gland's C-cells generate calcitonin. It doesn't seem that having abnormally high amounts of calcitonin in your body has any immediate drawbacks.
Your parathyroid glands produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH) that regulates the amount of calcium in your blood. It also regulates the amounts of vitamin D and phosphorus. Parathyroid hormone over- or under-production might result in symptoms linked to abnormal blood calcium levels.
Know more about Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone at,
https://brainly.com/question/3275813
11. Which condition causes transpiration to INCREASE?
no air movement
high soil moisture
colder temperatures
lower humidity
Which best describes Active Transport?
A. Using energy, membrane proteins pick up particles and move them with the concentration gradient.
B. Using energy, membrane proteins pick up particles and move them
against the concentration gradient.
C. Using energy, glycoproteins pick up particles and move them against the concentration gradient.
D. Without energy, particles move freely with the concentration gradient.
Answer:
B, Using energy , membrane proteins pick up particles and move them against the concentration gradient.
Explanation:
During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport.
Protein is used for tissue growth and muscle repair, and is the main source of energy for the body and the brain.
Answer:
While the primary role of protein is to repair damaged tissues, it can also be used to produce energy for muscle contractions when other sources of adenosine triphosphate (ATP, the cellular form of energy), namely fats and carbohydrates, are not available. Gluconeogenesis is the term that describes how protein is converted to glycogen for ATP.
The correct procedure code for subcutaneous foreign body removal from the elbow is
Answer:
CPT® Code 24200 in section: Removal of foreign body, upper arm or elbow area.
Explanation:
Which class of acid will have an increased concentration in someone who is suffocating?.
volatile acids class will have an increased concentration in someone who is suffocating.
In essence, these are the saprophytes' waste materials. These waste materials include short-chain fatty acids like acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. These can be distilled at atmospheric pressure, which is why they are referred to as volatile acids. In contrast to nonvolatile substances, which do not vaporise easily, volatile substances tend to do so. At standard room pressure and temperature, volatile substances have an elevated vapour pressure. In these circumstances, nonvolatile substances don't have a high vapour pressure. The metabolic processes of the body produce acids on a daily basis, and in order to keep the body in balance, these acids must be eliminated or metabolized. Respiratory (volatile) and metabolic (fixed) acids are two categories for the various acids the body produces. The substance that is most volatile is HCl.
Learn more about volatile acid here:
https://brainly.com/question/28200540
#SPJ4
Identify the stage of cellular respiration in which each of the following takes place.
Explanation:
There are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis; the citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycle; and the electron transport chain, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, while glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.
What are the components of the sympathetic nervous system?
The components of the sympathetic nervous system include:
the preganglionic neurons,the sympathetic ganglia, and the postganglionic neuronsWhat is the sympathetic nervous system?The sympathetic nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system that functions under stressful conditions in the body.
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the flight or flight response in living organisms.
The functions of the sympathetic nervous system include:
dilate blood vessels,increase blood pressure,contract muscles, etc.Learn more about the sympathetic nervous system at: https://brainly.com/question/1970920
#SPJ4
The components of the sympathetic nervous system include the following:
Preganglionic fibersGanglia"Fight or Flight"ThoracolumbarNeurotransmitter: norepinephrineWhat is a nervous system?A nervous system simply refers to a network that typically consist of nerve cells and fibers, which are primarily used for the transmission of neural impulses (signals) and control of the muscular system in the body of a living organism.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?The sympathetic nervous system is a type of autonomic nervous system and it can be defined as a network of nerves that is saddled with the responsibility of activating "fight or flight" response in the body of a living organism, especially when in danger, stressed, or indulged in physical exercises.
Read more on nervous system here: brainly.com/question/3381118
#SPJ1
How many alleles can one person inherit for a gene that has 100 possible alleles.
Despite the fact that humans (and all other diploid species) can only have two alleles for a given gene, a population can contain multiple alleles and thus a large number of combination of two alleles of can be observed.
What are alleles?Alleles are variations of the same nucleotide sequence at the same position in a long DNA molecule, as described in major textbooks on genetics and evolution.
In humans, when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, the fertilized egg cell inherits her 23 chromosomes from each parent. Each pair of matched chromosomes contains the same set of genes, but each locus has a unique allele for each gene.
This inheritance means that an individual has two copies of the gene for a particular trait. one from her mother and one from her father. These are said to be the maternal and paternal alleles. These allelic interactions are responsible for their unique trait.
To know more about alleles visit:
https://brainly.com/question/2973829
#SPJ4
It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts ______, meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord, and vice versa.
It is in the medulla oblongata that corticospinal tracts decussate meaning that the motor fibers originating from the right cerebral cortex descend through the left side of the spinal cord and vice versa.
The corticospinal tract controls the primary motor activity of the somatomotor system from the neck to the feet. It is the main line of the spine involved in voluntary movement. The tract originates in the primary motor cortex, where the soma of pyramidal neurons resides within corticospinal pathways in cortical layer V.
The large descending motor pathway carries voluntary impulses from the brain to the skeletal muscles. The corticospinal tract is a motor pathway primarily composed of motor axons that carry motor information from the cerebral cortex and brainstem to muscles for voluntary movement. The corticospinal tract is a white matter motor pathway that originates in the cerebral cortex and ends in the lower motor neurons and interneurons of the spinal cord.
Learn more about The medulla oblongata here:-https://brainly.com/question/26723889
#SPJ4
What is another name for programmed cell death, which occurs during normal development of a multicellular organism?.
Answer: Apoptosis
Explanation: "the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development"
What is Marisma...?
.
Hello..!
¿What is Marisma?
In a soil that is in a depression, below sea level.
This is affected by floods, and also in coastal areas, by the seas.
Which of these phases includes all of the stages of mitosis but no other events?.
Both mitosis and cytokinesis are included in the mitotic phase. You recently reviewed 26 terms.
What are the stages of mitosis?a nuclear division process that occurs in eukaryotic cells and is often separated into prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What happens only during mitosis and not during meiosis?While the daughter cells created during meiosis are distinct due to crossing over, the daughter cells created during mitosis are identical. Homologous chromosomes couple up, cross over, and line up in tetrads along the metaphase plate during meiosis, but not during mitosis.
Prometaphase is the name for prophase at a later stage. The prophase of mitosis is when the spindle begins to develop. During prometaphase, the spindles begin to connect to the centromeres and kinetochores of sister chromatids. Prophase is the first and longest stage of mitosis.
To know more about mitotic phase visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/13340749
#SPJ4
During prophase, a stage in the cell cycle,
a. the cell duplicates its genetic material.
b. the cell begins to separate into two new cells.
c. the nuclear envelope breaks down.
d. the chromosomes in the cell begin to move.
During prophase, a stage in the cell cycle, Option C. the nuclear envelope breaks down.
At some stage in prophase, the complicated DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus, called chromatin, condenses. The chromatin coils and will become increasingly compact, ensuing in the formation of seen chromosomes.
Throughout prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down. In animal cells, the centrioles close to the nucleus start to separate and move to contrary poles (facets) of the mobile.
A cell's genetic DNA condenses, spindle fibers start to shape and the nuclear envelope dissolves. What occurs all through Metaphase? The duplicated chromosomes line up and spindle fibers connect with the centromeres.
The chromosomes coil and shorten, and come to be visible. It turns into apparent that the chromosomes have duplicated. Pairs of the same chromosomes continue to be attached to every different centromere and every chromosome is referred to as a chromatid.
Learn more about prophase here:-https://brainly.com/question/12828200
#SPJ1
Why does the law of conservation of energy only apply to closed systems
The Law of conservation of energy only applies to closed systems that can't exchange energy with their environment.
The law of conservation of energy, also known as the first law of thermodynamics states that the energy in a closed system must remain constant and cannot increase or decrease without outside influence. In an open system, both energy transfer and mass transfer take place. Therefore, both the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of mass is taken into account.
Storage rights cannot be applied to open systems because by definition things can be put into and taken out of open systems. So you can always add charge momentum energy etc. to open systems. Non-insulated and insulated systems, energy conservation. To solve the work and energy problem, we need to identify the systems we work with.
Learn more about The Law of conservation here:- https://brainly.com/question/24772394
#SPJ1
In the somatic cell of a mammalian female, one of the two x chromosomes is randomly inactivated and condensed, resulting in the formation of a.
A Barr body is the resultant structure.
Which chromosome in mammals creates maleness?The Y chromosome controls maleness in mammals genetically. The mammalian male-determining gene, SRY, is located on the Y chromosome. SRY genes are present in both marsupial and placental mammals (Eutheria and Metatheria).
What is the process by which genomic imprinting occurs?What mechanism seems to underlie genomic imprinting? Genomic imprinting refers to phenotypic variance based on whether a certain allele is inherited from a male or female parent. A specific allele of a few genes is silenced as a result of genomic imprinting, which takes place during gamete development.
To know more about genomic imprinting visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/21852103
#SPJ4
which biome provides ecosystem services that include reducing the severity of floods and filtering pollutants from the water?
The biome that provides ecosystem services that include reducing the severity of floods and filtering pollutants from the water is freshwater wetlands (Option a).
What type of biome is a freshwater wetland?A freshwater wetland is a type of biome such as lakes, ponds, or rivers which are composed of a water body that is able to sustain life. This biome is characterized by having differential levels of salt in the water compared to other types of biomes.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that type of biome is a freshwater wetland is a specific biome composed of a water body such as occur with lakes and or rivers, and they sustain a variety of life forms including algae, marine invertebrates, plants, insects, etc.
Complete question:
Which biome provides ecosystem services that include reducing the severity of floods and filtering pollutants from the water?
a. freshwater wetlands
b. temperate grassland
c. coral reef
d. open ocean
Learn more about freshwater wetland biomes here:
https://brainly.com/question/2343540
#SPJ1
It's a QR code to my survey that I need for my science project. Would appreciate if you did it, thanks :)
Answer:
I did it GL
Explanation:
when materials are heated they may
which of the following properties of the garden pea were advantageous for Mendel's studies of inheritance?-pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized-true-breeding strains were available-pea plants have relatively few chromosomes-many varieties with different traits were available pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilizedtrue-breeding strains were availablemany varieties with different traits were available
The properties of the garden pea were advantageous for Mendel's studies of inheritance, as pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized. The correct option is a.
What are Mendel's studies of inheritance?Mendel investigated the ancestry of seven different pea characteristics, including height, flower color, seed color, and seed shape. To do this, he first created pea lines with two distinct variations of a trait, such as tall vs. small height.
Mendel examined pea inheritance (Pisum sativum). He chose peas because they had previously been used in similar trials, they are easy to grow, and they can be sown every year. Pea blooms have both male and female parts, known as stamen and stigma, and self-pollinate.
Therefore, the correct option is a, pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized.
To learn more about inheritance, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/15199849
#SPJ1
Which cytokines are believed to contribute to autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis?.
There are a number of cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. These cytokines include interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.
IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is thought to play a key role in the development of RA. IL-1 is produced by macrophages and other immune cells and can promote the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha. IL-1 has also been shown to stimulate the proliferation of synovial cells, which are the cells that line the joints.
IL-6 is another pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. IL-6 is produced by a variety of cells, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages. IL-6 can promote the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha. IL-6 has also been shown to stimulate the proliferation of synovial cells.
Learn more about cytokines at : https://brainly.com/question/12199920
#SPJ4
HELPPPPPPPP ASAPPPPP
1. how many are in interphase, prophase,metaphase, anaphase and telophase. don’t worry im just looking for a close estimate.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
2. which phase are most of the cells in interphase, mitosis, or cytokinesis? why?
The correct the sequence of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase and the phase are most of the cells is mitosis.
What is mitosis?The term mitosis has been defined as the procedures that occurs in the nucleus of a dividing cell, typically consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. It results in the formation of two new nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
The four stages of mitosis are also called the prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Moreover, here we mentioned the other intermediary stages that involved interphase, prometaphase, and cytokinesis which played the role in mitosis.
Therefore, The correct the sequence of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase and the phase are most of the cells is mitosis.
Learn more about mitosis on:
https://brainly.com/question/18477575
#SPJ1
Why is it more difficult to treat fungal infections than bacterial infections in humans?.
Fungal infections are difficult to treat as compared to bacterial infections in humans.
What are fungal infections ?Fungal infections are also known as mycosis. Most fungi are harmless to humans, but some can cause disease under certain conditions. Fungi that invade tissues can cause disease limited to the skin, spread to tissues, bones, organs, or spread throughout the body. It may have an impact.
Symptoms vary depending on the affected area, but may include a rash that causes an abnormal discharge and a vaginal infection.
Because eukaryotic animal and fungal cells share many of the same basic cellular structures and mechanisms, fungi are more difficult to treat than bacteria without harming the host. This can lead to off-target drug effects, which can manifest as serious side effects in patients.
To know more about fungal infections visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1262062
#SPJ4
How many neutrons does hydrogen-1 have? How many neutrons does hydrogen-2 have?
Answer:
One Neutron
Explanation:
All three forms have one proton (pink) and one electron (dark green) but differ in the number of neutrons (gray) in the nucleus. Protium, or ordinary hydrogen (top), has no neutrons. Deuterium, or hydrogen-2 (bottom left) has one neutron. Tritium, or hydrogen-3 (bottom right) has two neutrons.
In what way did scientific research influence the green revolution
Option A. It resulted in the development of specialized crops and new technology designed to grow as much as possible.
The Green Revolution, or the 0.33 Agricultural Revolution, is the set of studies on generation transfer tasks happening between 1950 and the overdue Nineteen Sixties that multiplied agricultural production in parts of the world, starting maximum markedly within the overdue Sixties.
The green revolution, the high-quality boom in the production of meal grains (especially wheat and rice) led to huge elements from the advent into developing countries of new, excessive-yielding types, beginning in the mid-twentieth century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent.
Learn more about the green revolution here:-https://brainly.com/question/131789
#SPJ1
Population Growth
4. If the fish population stays the same and suddenly the
amount of deaths decrease but the amount of births stays
the same. What will happen to the number of fish in the
population?
5. If you added the fishing to the graph on the left, where
would that belong? At the top (population increasing) or
the bottom (population decreasing). Explain why
the number of fish decrease
Puppies have inherited genes from both parents and share many of the same characteristics.
Answer:
Explanation:
Although no two look pups alike, these puppies have inherited genes from both parents and share many of the same characteristics. Organisms grow and develop following specific instructions coded for by their genes. I hope this helps!
What is the function of genes that do not produce proteins?
Answer: regulations
Explanation:
Non-coding DNA corresponds to the portions of an organism's genome that do not code for amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Some non-coding DNA sequences are known to serve functional roles, such as in the regulation of gene expression, while other areas of non-coding DNA have no known function.
What are non-coding genes?The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child. Genes are made up of sequences of DNA and are arranged, one after another, at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.
Moreover, genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
Therefore, genes carry instructions that tell your cells how to work and grow. Cells are the building blocks of the body. Every part of your body is made up of billions of cells working together. Genes are arranged in structures called chromosomes.
Learn more about genes:
https://brainly.ph/question/551485
#SPJ1
