The portions of a neuron that extend off of the roughly spherical cell body are usually collectively called processes.
The number of processes that extend beyond the cell body is the basis for the structural classification of neurons. This classification creates three significant groups: neurons that are unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar.
There is only one process from the cell body in unipolar neurons. On the other hand, that one, extremely brief process, breaks up into two, longer processes—a dendrite and an axon. Sensory neurons that transmit impulses to the brain and spinal cord are known as unipolar neurons. There are two processes in bipolar neurons, one on each axon and the dendrite.
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the development and use of the muscle biopsy procedure by swedish researchers in the 1960s allowed for the original determination of how:
The development/improvement and use of the muscle biopsy process through swedish researchers withinside the Nineteen Sixties allowed for the authentic willpower is achieved through depleting rapid muscle glycogen become in the course of exercising.
FACTORS INFLUENCING GLYCOGEN STORES:
Glycogen shops in liver and muscle lower in the course of bodily activity; the longer and extra extreme the activity, the more the charge and normal discount of glycogen shops. Consuming a weight-reduction plan that elements enough carbohydrates and strength (energy) to suit or exceed each day prices consequences in a slow supercompensation of muscle glycogen shops over days and weeks, a reaction that may be further stronger through nutritional interventions. Improved bodily health is an extra stimulus for stronger muscle glycogen shops, assisting make certain that enough carbohydrate strength is to be had to gas extreme and extended education and competition. Dietary and exercising interventions that have an impact on muscle glycogen synthesis.
It is apparent from the clinical proof that eating a weight-reduction plan excessive in carbohydrate content (eg, often's 60% of overall energy or preferably the quantity of carbohydrate enough to update the carbohydrate oxidized in the course of relaxation and education), mixed with right education and ok relaxation, consequences in supercompensation of muscle glycogen shops. However, it seems that many athletes might not be eating sufficient carbohydrates on a each day foundation to completely repair muscle glycogen.
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What are two ways that the regulation of gene expression is different in eukaryotes than prokaryotes?.
Prokaryotic gene expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. Epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation all influence eukaryotic gene expression.
Due to the lack of a defined nucleus, prokaryotic gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs within the cytoplasm of a cell; thus, the DNA is freely located within the cytoplasm. In prokaryotic cells, gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level. An operon's transcription can be controlled in three ways: repressive control, activator control, and inducible control.
Transcription and translation are two critical steps in gene expression. Both processes are tightly coupled in time and space in bacteria, and they are highly regulated. Gene expression must be tightly regulated.
Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is controlled by both repressors and transcriptional activators. Eukaryotic repressors, like their prokaryotic counterparts, bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit transcription. Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled during transcription and RNA processing in the nucleus, as well as protein translation in the cytoplasm. Proteins can be further regulated via post-translational modifications.
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Inherited traits that can change without affecting the sequence of dna are examples of what?.
Epigenetics is Inherited traits that can change without affecting the sequence of DNA.
Epigenetics is the study of how a persons behaviors and the environment in which he lives can cause changes that affect the working of genes .
Epigenetic do not change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence. Environmental and lifestyle conditions may influence epigenetic occurrence, such as methylation of DNA, histone acetylation and microRNA expression. Hence, epigenetics mainly focuses on how DNA is regulated to achieve the changes depending on environmental and lifestyle changes .
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The region of the diencephalon that forms the floor of the third ventricle and extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm is the.
The place of the diencephalon that bureaucracy the ground of the 1/3 ventricle and extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm is the hypothalamus.
The thalamus, a skinny vertical area full of CSF referred to as the third ventricle is located midline among the 2 halves of the hypothalamus thalamus. The hypothalamus extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm and posteriorly to consist of the mammillary our bodies at the ventral floor of the brain. The hypothalamus and thalamus are placed on the edges of the 1/3 ventricle. Abnormalities of the 1/3 ventricle are related to numerous situations together with hydrocephalus, meningitis, and ventriculitis.
Hydrocephalus is an immoderate buildup of fluid at the brain. The anterior wall of the 1/3 ventricle is shaped from advanced to inferior through the columns of the fornix, the anterior commissure, and the lamina terminalis 4. Posteriorly, it's far bounded from advanced to inferior through the habenular commissure, the pineal gland, and the posterior commissure.
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The tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging is called.
The tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging is called sensory adaptation.
In the field of biology, sensory adaptation can be described as the process by which the sensory receptor cells produce a lesser response towards a stimulus. Sensory adaptation happens because the sensory cells are continuously exposed to the stimulus again and again.
For example, if you are continuously exposed to a cold temperature, your sensory cells will get adapted to the temperature and will not feel as cold as they did in the starting. In this way, the sensory cells produce a diminished response toward a sensory adaptation.
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What best explains the processes of passive and active transport?
passive is like cars and streets
Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires energy.
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank______ square.
2x2 Punnett squares represent crosses between monohybrid individuals and are composed of two rows and two columns. We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a 2x2 square.
What is a Punnett square?
The Punnett square is a representation of crosses between different individuals, in which the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and phenotypes are expressed.
During these crosses, different gamete combinations occur according to the alleles involved in a cross. Let us remember that each gamete carries an allele of one of the involved genes.
In Punnett squares, raws represent one of the parental gametes, and columns represent the other parental gametes. Gamete combinations occur when raws and columns intercross.
When talking about monohybrid crosses, we assume we are referring to a single diallelic gene coding for a single trait. Since two alleles are involved, the Punnett squares that represent this cross will be composed of two rows and two columns. It is a 2x2 Punnett square.
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a 2x2 square.
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how did the frequency of stimulation affect the amount of force generated by the isolated skeletal muscle when the frequency of stimulation was increased such that the muscle twitches did not fully relax between subsequent stimuli? are these results called treppe or wave summation? how well did the results compare with your prediction?
The amount of total force generated by isolated skeletal muscles increased as the stimulation frequency increased without muscle relaxation. This is called the wave summation.
Skeletal muscles are the voluntary muscles that perform movement according to the will of the organism. Body's 30-40% mass is composed of skeletal muscles. These muscles attach to the bones to mediate the body movements.
Stimulation frequency is described as the rate of how many times and how fast the stimulus is applied to the muscle. If the stimulation frequency is high, it is called wave summation and the tension in muscles increases due to this.
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Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the.
Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the cell cycle.
What is cell cycle?The cell cycle refers to a series of events that occur within a cell as it grows and divides. Cells spend most of their time in what is called interphase, during which they grow, replicate chromosomes, and prepare for cell division. The cell then exits interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes division.The cell cycle can be thought of as the life cycle of a cell. In other words, it is the series of growth and development steps that a cell goes through between its "birth" (formation by division of the mother cell) and reproduction (dividing into two new daughter cells).A central component of the cell cycle control system is the cyclin-dependent protein kinase, whose activity depends on its association with the regulatory subunit, cyclin.Oscillations in the activity of different cyclin complexes lead to the initiation of different cell cycle events.To learn more about cell cycle from the given link :
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•.. Your ASSIGNMENT
Birds cause a lot of damage to airplanes every year. To study this problem, the U.S.
Air Force invented a chicken cannon. Air Force scientists use the cannon to shoot
chicken bodies at airplanes in controlled tests. Then they analyze the damage the
chicken bodies caused.
Evaluate this model. In what way do you think it is helpful? What are some of its
limitations?
The chicken gun is a large-diameter, compressed air gun used to firebird at aircraft components in order to stimulate high-speed bird strikes.
What is the work of chicken canon?It is a flight impact stimulator that has been used to test glass canopies and is used to kill birds which causes the most dangerous threat to the military.
The chicken gun had a cubic-foot chamber at one end that is filled with pressurized air. It was loaded into a wooden sabot, and then loaded into the barrel. Diaphragm separates the barrel from air chamber. At the time of launch the diaphragm was ruptured, letting air enter the barrel and push the sabot down.
Limitations of introducing chicken canon include:
Availability of airplanes that are not in use. Risk of wet litterRisk of dirty feathersDanger of mould and other contaminationThis is a controlled model in which no birds and commercial airplanes.
Most accidents occur when a bird collides with the wind screen into the engine of the jet aircraft. A bird injected by a jet engine can break the engine's compressor blades, potentially causing catastrotrophic damage.
Hence chicken canon was invented to control damage caused by chicken bodies at airplanes.
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All plant life cycles consist of an alternation of generations. What is the haploid stage of a plant life cycle called?.
The haploid stage of a plant life cycle is called the gametophyte stage. This stage is characterized by the production of gametes, which are haploid cells that fuse together to form diploid zygotes.
The zygotes then grow and develop into mature plants. The gametophyte stage is followed by the sporophyte stage, during which the plant produces spores. The spores germinate and grow into new gametophytes, which begin the cycle anew.
A gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis. In flowering plants, the gametophyte consists of a pollen grain or microgametophyte and the ovule or megagametophyte. The gametophytes of ferns, mosses, and most lycophytes are free-living and resemble the sporophyte.
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Which stage of stress response involves the body preparing to respond to a stressor?.
The alarm reaction stage of the GAS gets someone ready to react to the stressor they are going through. It's common to refer to this as a "fight or flight" reaction.
When does the body respond to stress?Stress has three phases: the warning phase, the resistance phase, and the weariness phase. Your body's defenses begin to build during the alarm stage, when your central nervous system is awakened. A fight-or-flight reaction is produced at this SOS stage.
What is a physiologic reaction?The body automatically reacts to a stimuli in a physiological response. The majority of us are aware of the automatic and instinctive physiological reactions we go through every day, although we frequently are not aware of them.
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A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in __________.
A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in become permanently inactive.
How can mutations originate from DNA polymerase?Despite the very high fidelity with which most DNA replicates, errors can occur from time to time when polymerase enzymes insert the incorrect nucleotide or too many or too few nucleotides into a sequence.
A mutation is the result of that slight deviation from the original DNA sequence. Additionally, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation might result in mutations. The DNA is damaged by these substances. This is not inherently abnormal because DNA deteriorates even in the most remote and pristine locations.
The majority of the replicative polymerases' proofreading activity is in charge of removing incorrectly incorporated nucleotides from the primer terminus prior to further primer extension.
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While horizontal analysis examines one item over many time periods, vertical analysis examines many items in the same interval of time.
True , horizontal analysis examines one item over many time periods, vertical analysis examines many items in the same interval of time.
Horizontal analysis denotes the advancement over period of time , while vertical analysis represents amounts as percentages from the base figure.
Horizontal analysis represents the many analysis over a period of time on the other hand vertical analysis represent one reporting at a time . Also horizontal line goes side by side and have 0 slope , while vertical lines goes up and down and have undefined slope .
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Question 1 (1 point)
If a population experiences no migration, is very large, has no mutations, has random
mating, and there is no selection, which of the following would you predict?
The composition of the population's gene pool will change slowly in a
predictable manner.
The makeup of the population's gene pool will remain virtually the same as long
as these conditions hold.
The population will evolve, but much more slowly than normal.
Dominant alleles in the population's gene pool will slowly increase in frequency
while recessive alleles will decrease.
As long as these circumstances persist, the population's gene pool will essentially remain unchanged.
How can you tell if a population is mating randomly?Random mating: In a population, matings take place proportionately to their genotypic frequencies are referred to as random mating. As an illustration, if a population's genotypic frequencies are MM=0.83, MN=0.16, and NN=0.01, then we would anticipate that 68.9% (0.83 x 0.83 X 100) of matings will take place between MM individuals.
How is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium affected by random mating?Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires two generations of random mating if the allele frequencies are different between the sexes. Due to the fact that one sex possesses two copies of the gene while the other does not, sex-linked loci require several generations to reach equilibrium As long as these circumstances persist, the population's gene pool will essentially remain unchanged sex only has one.
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ii) What name is given to the process by which Lance's maize plants absorb the
mineral salts from the soil?
The name of the process by which the roots of the maize plant absorb mineral salts from the soil is: diffusion.
Roots are the bottom-most part of the plant that are present inside the soil. Their function is to absorb water and minerals from the soil and provide it to the whole plant. These are the also the organs of anchorage that help the whole plant to stand erect and upright.
Diffusion is the process by which the materials travel from one region to another without the use of energy. The direction of transport is from the region of high concentration of molecule to the region of low concentration.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Lance set up an experiment to investigate how the root of maize plants absorb mineral salts from the soil and he discovered the following points: If the roots were given a poison the prevented respiration, the plant did not absorb any minerals: If the roots Were in waterlogged soil and, therefore lacked oxygen, the plants did not absorb any minerals.
What name is given to the process by which Lance's maize plants absorb the mineral salts from the soil?
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the classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by factors released from damaged tissues. factors released from phagocytes. antigen-antibody reactions. c5-c9. lipid-carbohydrate complexes and c3.
The classical pathway for complement activation that is initiated by factors released from damaged tissues is option B: antigen-antibody reactions.
What causes complement activation to begin?The three mechanisms for complement activation are the MB-lectin pathway, the alternative pathway, and the amplification loop for the other two pathways. The classical pathway is activated either directly by the pathogen or indirectly by an antibody attaching to the surface of the pathogen.
Note that Rapid protein detection relies heavily on antigen-antibody reactions. Antibodies can be incredibly specific, binding to just a small portion of an antigen (known as the epitope), and can distinguish between substantially similar epitopes. They detect proteins based on both their structure and content.
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when our esophagus contracts involuntarily to move a bolus of food down, it is acting based on which subdivision of the motor nervous system?
The force that moves food through the esophagus into the stomach is Push force from contractions of the esophagus moves food through the esophagus.
When we are sitting upright and eat food, the food moves down the esophagus and into the stomach.
Now, that will be a logical explanation because just like a flow, it goes with gravity position and would go from up down like a free fall.
However, when we are not sitting upright but upside down with our head on the ground and legs up, what happens is that the food still goes to the stomach via the esophagus but this time because of the position of the body, the esophagus will contract i.e. contraction in the walls of the food pipe which will lead to a push force that takes the food into the stomach.
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Food is moved through the digestive tract by a sequence of wave-like muscle contractions called peristalsis. The process begins in the esophagus, where powerful waves of smooth muscle transport balls of swallowed food to the stomach.
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are the two divisions of the motor division, and they are different depending on the kind of motor function to be performed. The portion of the nervous system that controls free will and conscious thought is known as the somatic nervous system. The peripheral nervous system's autonomic nervous system controls physiological functions that are carried out automatically, such as digestion, blood pressure, respiration, and sexual desire.
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To generate lightning, a cloud must have a ____ charge in the top half of the cloud and a _____ charge in the bottom half of the cloud.
lightning that develops when negative charges build up at the bottom of the cloud. Positive charges are build up at the top of cloud.
What happens in a thunderstorm that causes charge separation?One hypothesis for the cause of lightning is the theory of precipitation. According to this view, the collision of ice crystals within the cloud is what causes charge separation in clouds. Negative charge gathers close to the cloud base as a result of ice crystal collisions.
What causes lightning to form in clouds?Ice crystals exist in the frigid air. Water droplets are in the heated air. During the storm, the airborne droplets and crystals collide and disperse. In the clouds, this rubbing generates static electrical charges.
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one environmental problem caused by the use of nuclear power as an energy source is the
Answer: The answer is radioactive waste
Explanation: When the major environmental concern related to nuclear power is the creation of radioactive wastes such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes. These materials can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years. It uses a lot of radioactivity in atmosphere it can get to the green house.
When a person in the hospital is given fluid intravenously (an I.V), the fluid is typically saline (salt) solution with about the same water concentration as human body tissue. Explain how the use of distilled water in place of this saline solution would be expected to upset the patient's homeostasis. Your answer should be in the process of diffusion.
The process of osmosis would cause water to move into the cells causing them to swell and possibly burst.
If a person is receiving fluids intravenously saline may be used. Giving large amounts of pure water directly into a vein can cause blood cells to become hypotensive and potentially fatal. Cells can contain many solutes and are therefore considered hypertonic compared to distilled water which is hypotonic.
In this case, when the cell is placed in distilled water the water moves from the outside of the cell causing the cell to swell. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Water enters and exits cells by osmosis.
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deforestation decreases the number of plants available to take up co2 and use it to make glucose during photosynthesis. what impact could this have on the ph of the oceans?
CO₂ combines with H₂O to form carbonic acid. As CO₂ concentrates in the ocean, it becomes more acidic.
What is deforestation?Deforestation is the targeted logging of forested areas. Throughout history, and right up to the present day, forests have been cut down for timber for agriculture, grazing, fuel, manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has profoundly changed the landscape around the world.
What are the consequences of deforestation?Deforestation impacts the environment through loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystem processes and economies through impairment of ecosystem services and inefficient use of resources.Loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change, desertification, soil erosion, reduced yields, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and many other problems for indigenous peoples.To learn more about deforestation visit:
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in the photosystem i reaction center, light energy captured by pigment molecules is passed to a special reaction center chlorophyll a called
In the photosystem I reaction center, light energy captured by pigment molecules is passed to a special reaction center chlorophyll a called P700.
Photosystem I is a complex of integral membrane proteins. Its function is to capture the sunlight energy and excite an electron to mediate its flow through a series of electrons in order to make the usable form of energy ATP and NADPH. The wavelength of light absorbed by photosystem I is 700 nm.
Chlorophyll a is the most important type of chlorophyll essentially required for photosynthesis. It has the maximum capability to absorb the sunlight energy and convert it into chemical energy.
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How much of each global warming gas is currently in the atmosphere?
Answer: By volume the dry air in earth's atmosphere is about 78.09 percent nitrogen , 20.95 percent oxygen, and 0.93 percent argon. A brew of trace gases accounts for the other 0.03 percent, including the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.
Explanation:
what is the function of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea they maintain an open passageway for
A typical trachea (windpipe) includes several cartilage rings (a strong and flexible tissue). These C-shaped rings support the trachea while allowing it to bend and move during your child's breathing.
Why are the trachea's cartilage rings not closed?To safeguard and keep the airway open, C-shaped cartilaginous rings are reinforced on the trachea's anterior and lateral sides. (The incomplete cartilaginous rings allow the trachea to slightly collapse, allowing food to travel down the oesophagus.)
to allow the oesophagus to expand when food passes through it on its journey to the stomach and prevent the trachea from closing and restricting the airway.
The trachea is located behind the oesophagus. The trachea might collapse thanks to the C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
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which are components of the lymphatic system? a: thyroid gland b: spleen c: red bone marrow d: thymus gland e: lymph nodes f: tonsils
The lymphatic system is composed of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
What is the lymphatic system?
In vertebrates, the lymphatic system, also known as the lymphoid system, is an organ system that is a part of the immune system and works in conjunction with the circulatory system. Lymphatic tissues, lymph nodes, lymphatic or lymphoid organs, and a vast network of lymphatic veins make up this structure.
Red bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs where T and B lymphocytes are synthesized and get mature.
Thyroid spleen lymph nodes and tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs where T and B lymphocytes have a direct encounter with antigens.
Hence, all these are components of the lymphatic system.
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The organelle that reads the mrna and assembles amino acids to make proteins is the.
Answer:
a ribosome
Explanation:
The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA nucleotides. Each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.)
What type of mutation has occurred in the following example?
A.) deletion mutation
B.) insertion mutation
C.) point mutation
Which letter choice is correct? A, B, or C?
Use the screenshot to answer question
Point mutation is type of mutation has occurred in the following example.
Point mutations: What are they?A single base pair that is added, deleted, or changed in a genome is known as a point mutation. While most point mutations are harmless, they can also have a variety of functional effects, such as changes in gene expression or modifications to proteins that are encoded.
Point mutations occur when a single nitrogenous base is substituted, deleted, or added to a single base pair of DNA. Sickle cell anemia is an illustration of a point mutation. It involves a mutation in just one base pair of the beta-globin chain, which is the blood pigment known as hemoglobin.
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Quick clays are very fine-grained, loosely packed sediments. Water fills the pore spaces between the grains, which are glued weakly together by.
The water molecule has a positive and negative charge. The surfaces of clay minerals are negatively charged forming covalent bond.
What is quick clay?
When subjected to excessive pressure, a certain variety of clay known as "quick clay" completely disintegrates and begins to move along its surface in a liquid-like fashion. The most common locations for quick clay are Norway and Sweden; however, it can also be found in Russia, Finland, Canada, and Alaska.
quick clay, are sensitive sediments that were deposited in marine and brackish water throughout the late glacial and postglacial periods. Due to the elimination of salt, their ability to be reshaped has become less, and as a result, they now respond like liquids when they are disturbed.
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given that chimpanzees and humans are closely related, it is not surprising that early pre-australopithecines such as ardipithecus ramidus had a
Chimpanzees and humans are closely related, which is why early pre-australopithecines such as ardipithecus ramidus had a smaller diamond-shaped canines and some evidence of upright walking.
What is Canine?This is also known as cuspids and it is located on each side of the incisor teeth at the front of the mouth. This type of teeth is used in the tearing of food and has a pointed shape.
Through the discovery of fossils and other parameters, we can infer that Chimpanzees and humans are closely related due to common features present in them.
Early pre-australopithecines such as ardipithecus ramidus had a pointed shaped canines and some evidence of upright walking which is the evidence that depicts the similarities between the two organisms mentioned above.
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