The serous membranes that surround the lungs are called The pleural membrane.
What is pleural membrane?The pleura membrane is a serous membrane that folds on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac.The outer layer is known as the parietal pleura and attaches to the chest wall. The inner layer, called the visceral pleura, covers the lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi. The pleura membrane consists of two thin layers of tissue that protect and cushion the lungs. The lining (the visceral pleura) wraps around the lungs and adheres to the lungs so that it does not peel off. The outer layer forms the inside of the chest wall. The pleura membrane, like the pistons in the cylinders of an engine, secretes a lubricating fluid that allows them to move freely relative to each other during ventilation. Without this fluid, breathing can be very difficult and even painful.To learn more about pleural membrane from the given link :
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Introductory policy proposal for San Francisco
San Francisco's hiring proposal is to provide employees with breastfeeding breaks and feeding areas.
Employees who regularly work eight or more hours per week in San Francisco are covered by the HCSO. For example, a worker who regularly works eight hours a week in January is a covered worker for the month, even if she has not worked for two months at the end of the quarter.
These supplements are not to be confused with the SF mandate where employees fund the health care of her over 20 corporate restaurant employees. Employer Mandate is the latest term for Healthy San Francisco. SF requires employers to provide health insurance to their employees. Some have chosen to charge a different fee to cover this as well as increase the prices on the menu sometimes a per person fee and sometimes a percentage of the bill.
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What does the difference in distribution tell you about the cells in the treated sample?.
Cancer cells that have been treated are distributed differently than cancer cells in an untreated sample because they are stopped in the G1 phase.
The S phase comes first, then the G2 phase, and the interphase is made up of these three phases. The mitotic phase, which consists of mitosis and cytokinesis and produces two daughter cells, begins after the interphase.
A procedure in which doctors remove tissue containing cancer cells.
The majority of cell development occurs in G1; cells enlarge and produce the proteins and organelles necessary for DNA synthesis. In particular, the centromere and other centrosome components are formed here, along with proteins and RNAs.
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which increases resistance? decreased flow decreased friction increased blood vessel radius decreased viscosity decreased length
The resistance to blood flow increases with decrease in viscosity resulting in increased perfusion and blood flow.
What is resistance to blood flow and how will it increase depending to the options given?When the resistance in the blood vessels are increased then the blood flow inside the blood vessel is decreased.The most major of the blood vessel facing the resistance increased issues are arterioles.Here the question is asked of the cause of the increase in resistance whose answer would be the decrease in viscosity.The resistance in the arterioles when increase then the blood flow decreases and which leads to decrease and large fall in blood pressure.Hence increase in the resistance is caused by the decrease viscosity of the blood inside the vessels.To know more about blood visit:
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what is the limiting factor for anaerobic glycolysis? select one: a. glycogen depletion b. lactic acid accumulation c. pcr depletion
The limiting factor for anaerobic glycolysis is glycogen depletion. So, option A is the answer.
An anaerobic glycolytic system activates in case the aerobic system is no longer able to produce enough ATP required for the sustenance of the level of activity. In simpler terms, it is done when we need to transform glucose to lactate but we have a limited amount of Oxygen present.
To be able to undergo glycolysis for ATP production, the system requires glycogen to convert into glucose. But, if the glycogen gets depleted, there is no glucose which means the process stops happening.
Hence, glycogen depletion becomes the limiting factor for anaerobic glycolysis.
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Which eye muscle sends its tendon of origin through a pulley or trochlea before inserting on the globe?.
The superior oblique muscle sends its tendon of origin through a pulley or trochlea before inserting on the globe. This muscle is responsible for abduction and depression of the eye. It also helps to rotate the eye inward (medially).
The tendon of the superior oblique muscle passes through a pulley that is formed by the inferior oblique muscle and the lateral rectus muscle. The pulley system allows the superior oblique muscle to change the direction of its pull on the eye. The superior oblique muscle inserts on the eye at the superolateral aspect of the globe. The muscle contracts to produce inferior and medial movement of the eye.
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biological studies that reveal that parents and biological children are more similar in levels of neuroticism and extroversion than parents and adopted children lends support to the assumption that?
The biological studies that reveal that parents and biological children are more similar in levels of neuroticism and extroversion than parents and adopted children support the assumption that genetic factors control these traits at a higher level than environmental cues.
What is the heritability of a trait?The expression of the heritability of a trait makes reference to the factors that control the expression of a given phenotypic feature in an individual such as in this case neuroticism and extroversion traits.
The heritability of a trait may depend on genetic factors, environmental conditions, and or the interaction between genetic and environmental conditions.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the heritability of a trait may be due to genes, environment, or a mix of both, and certain traits are more closely associated with one type of factor compared with another.
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The amount of water flowing through a channel over a given amount of time is called its ______.
Answer:discharge, or flow
Explanation:n
we want to conduct an experiment to test the adaptive function of a polar bear's fur. we want to compare the fitness of bears with their natural coat, and bears with coats that evolved in a different environment. to do this comparison, we capture a number of polar bears so that we can manipulate their coats. for our treatment group, we shave the polar bears and glue on a coat of grizzly bear fur. an appropriate control for this treatment would be to:
We want to conduct an experiment to test the adaptive function of a polar bear's fur. we want to compare the fitness of bears with their natural coat, and bears with coats that evolved in a different environment. it changes genotype frequencies, not allele frequencies.
Adaptive behaviors encompass actual-life talents together with grooming, getting dressed, averting chance, securing meals coping with, following faculty policies, coping with money, cleaning, and making pals. Adaptive behavior also consists of the capacity to paint, exercise social abilities, and take personal duty.
Adaptive functioning refers to dealing with ordinary environmental needs and includes everyday living abilities that people perform to take care of themselves and interact with others.
Adaptive functioning encompasses those behaviors essential to residing independently, such as everyday dwelling competencies (e.g., dressing and grooming oneself), social talents, and communication competencies. youngsters with Autism Spectrum issues (ASD) display adaptive behavior impairments across all domain names.
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which enzyme has a repair function and can excise incorrect nucleotides during dna replication? g
Glycosylases are the enzymes that has a repair function and can excise incorrect nucleotides during dna replication.
Base excision repair is a method for identifying and removing particular kinds of damaged bases. In base excision repair, a class of enzymes known as glycosylases plays a crucial role. Each glycosylase recognises and eliminates a particular type of damaged base.
For instance, a process known as deamination can change a cytosine base into uracil, a base that is generally only found in RNA. Uncorrected cytosine-to-uracil changes can result in mutations because during DNA replication, uracil will pair with adenine rather than guanine (as it would if the base was still cytosine).
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In a certain species of insect, eye color is controlled by a single gene. The dominant allele (E) codes for black eyes, while the recessive allele (e) codes for red eyes.
How could two parents with black eyes have a red-eyed female offspring?
Two parents with black eyes can give rise to offspring with red eye (ee) which is a recessive trait only when both the parents are heterozygous (Ee) for the trait. This is showed in the cross on the given image.
Recessive condition in the genotype can only occur during homozygous state when both the alleles for the gene are recessive. Recessive alleles are the mutated version of the gene that are not able to produce any effect when present along with a dominant allele.
Heterozygous state of the genotype is when both the alleles for a given trait are different or contrasting. One of the alleles is able to show its effect while the other is not, in a heterozygous condition. Sometimes heterozygous trait can have a phenotype that is different from the dominant and recessive phenotype.
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We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank______ square.
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank 2×2 square.
For the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross, self-fertilization can be predicted using a punnett square. The punnett square should be configured as a 2x2 square in this situation.The Punnett square uses the representation of crosses between different persons to indicate the possibility of having children with varied genotypes and attributes.Different gamete combinations are produced by these crossings depending on the alleles involved.Remember that every gamete carries a particular allele of one of the important genes.When we talk about monohybrid crosses, we typically mean a single diallelic gene that codes for a single trait. There are two rows and two columns in the Punnett squares used to represent this cross.
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when considering linked genes, you can identify the parental gametes in a test cross by finding the most frequent gametes. true false
True. When considering linked genes, you can identify the parental gametes in a test cross by finding the most frequent gametes.
Following genes on the same chromosomes can result in two types of gametes. If there is no crossing over, the products are parental gametes. Recombinant gametes are the result of crossing over.
When genes are on different chromosomes or are very close together on the same chromosome, they assort independently. That is, when the genes are expressed in gametes, the allele for one gene has no effect on the allele for the other. This results in the formation of all 444 possible types of gametes with equal, or 25%, frequency in a double heterozygous organism (AaBb).
Rather than assorting independently, the genes "stick together" during meiosis. That is, alleles of genes that are already present on a chromosome will tend to be passed on to gametes as a unit. The genes are linked in this case.
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Somatic cells reproduce by ______________ , while sex cells reproduce by ______________.
Sex cells go through meiosis(cell division) whereas somatic cells go through mitosis(cell division).
In living things, there are two different forms of cell division: meiosis and mitosis. Meiosis produces four genetically distinct cells, whereas mitosis produces genetically identical cells from a parent cell. Somatic cells, such as liver cells, skin cells, etc., are body cells that do not participate in reproduction. Mitosis is the process through which somatic cells divide. Meiosis is the process through which sex cells, or gametes, are created because they are engaged in reproduction. Meiosis contributes to sexual reproduction's genetic diversity. According to the answer to this query, somatic cells multiply via MITOSIS, whereas sex cells proliferate via MEIOSIS.
(1. Somatic cells reproduce by ______________ , while sex cells reproduce by ______________ .Hint
a) meiosis; mitosis
b) mitosis; mitosis
c) mitosis; meiosis
d) meiosis; meiosis)
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mendel crossed tall plants with short plants (once he had true-breeding lines). all of the offspring were tall. what can this tell you about the inheritance of height?
When a tall and quick plant are crossed, all the offspring are tall. If the offspring self-fertilize, they produce tall and quick flowers in a ratio of 3:1 withinside the subsequent technology. Mendel's real counts have been 787 tall:277 quick flowers on this technology (2.84:1 ratio).
Mendel stated that hybridizing true-breeding (P technology) flowers gave upward push to an F1 technology that confirmed most effective one trait of a characteristic. For example, a true-breeding purple-flowering plant crossed with a true-breeding white-flowering plant constantly gave upward push to purple-flowered hybrid flowers.
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a population grows according to a linear growth model. the first four generations have 3, 14, 25, 36 members a) what is the common difference? (2 pts)
The common difference among the first four generation is 11.
Linear population growth is meant by the growth when the number of populations grow linearly in a constant amount.
Mathematically linear population growth can be represented as: -
Pt = Po + (k × T)
Where,
Pt is population at time t
Po is population at time zero
k is constant growth rate
T is elapsed time in years from time zero
The population increases in a constant amount or number hence keeping the population of each generation constant.
The reproduction of new off springs from the parents give rise to a new generation. The generation surviving the time span is known as generation time.
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Which of the following would be a form of pollution directly caused by cars on the highway?
O waste dumped into area streams
O fire on a local river from an oil slick
O atmospheric pollution falling from the sky
O overuse of production causing groundwater shortage
Answer: c
Explanation:
Match the stimuli to the sensory receptors that respond to them.
the smell of freshly
baked cookies
a person
whispering
a rainbow outside
a window
stinky garbage
night vision
a loud bang
shapes in a room
after the lights
are turned off
Hearing is correlated with auditory receptors, which are found in the internal ear and detect sound waves: a person whispering , a loud bang
One of the photoreceptors in the eye that allows for twilight or night vision are rods: night vision , shapes in a room after the lights are turned off
One type of photoreceptor found in the eye that contributes to colour perception is the cone: a rainbow outside a window
The nostrils contain olfactory receptors that sense smell: the smell of freshly baked cookies, stinky garbage
What is auditory receptors?
a mechanoreceptor cell in the inner ear that is responsive to sounds. The arrangement of the accessory sensory structures allows for the transmission of information to the brain's central nervous system by the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) when the proper stimuli are applied.
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(5pts) Mitosis isn’t just for cancer! Different tissues in the human body naturally divide at different rates. According to your chart, which normal tissue observed has the LOWEST mitotic index (divides the least often)?
Different tissues in the human body naturally divide at different rates is Ovary.
According to the attached chart, the normal ovary divided the most often with a mitotic index of 55%.The mitotic index of tissues represents the percentage of cells that are in mitosis compared to the total number of cells present in the tissues.Generally, cells of cancerous tissues divide more than those of normal tissues and, hence, have higher mitotic indices. In the chart, the mitotic indices of normal tissues ranged from 35 to 55% with the lung having the lowest and ovary having the highest while stomach had the intermediate index.A measurement of cellular proliferation is the mitotic index.It is described as the proportion of a cell population that is going through mitosis. Somatic cells divide during mitosis to produce two daughter cells.Varied cell types have different mitosis and cell cycle lengths. Increased cell division is indicated by a higher mitotic index. In contrast to healthy tissue growth or cellular healing at an injury site, cancer cells may have an enhanced mitotic index. For instance, a low mitotic index loses all prognostic significance in breast cancer patients over the age of 70.To know more about mitosis check the below link:
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Water is said to be the earth's essential resource. Explain why water is such an essential resource.
Explanation:
Water is an essential resource because, well it is essential for us to live.
Water helps fuel our body. While we need nutrients from food and sleep to help our body function, we need water even more. If you were stuck in a room without food or water, you would die of lack of water before lack of food. Water is essential for our health. Not drinking water will dehydrate us. This can have to do with our cells, in biology. If our cells do not have enough water they will die, and if our cells die well then we will die because we are composed of cells.
It is not only humans who require water. Plants also require water, and again, if they become too dehydrated their cells will die, killing them. Animals, like humans require water as well.
Thus, water is essential because we need it for life, and would become dehydrated and then die without it.
Incorporating new nucleotides into dna can provide it with the ability to code for a greater number of.
Answer:
amnio acids
Explanation:
True or false? for a signal transduction pathway to be activated, hormones must be present in the bloodstream at very high concentrations.
False, Only low concentrations of hormones are needed in the bloodstream to activate a signal transduction pathway.
Signal transduction pathway is a Process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted to a specific cellular response in a series of steps.
Signal transduction pathway involves the binding of extracellular signaling molecules and ligands to receptors located on the cell surface or inside the cell that helps to trigger processes inside the cell, to invoke a response. Three steps includes Reception process by which a cell detects a signal in the environment. Transduction is process of activating a series of proteins inside the cell and Thirdly response that is change in behavior that occurs in the cell as a result of the signal.
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Which property of fossils allows scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers?.
The property of fossils which allows scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers is termed as Index fossils.
Index fossils are helpful because they can be used to determine the relative ages of the rock layers in which they are found.
What is index fossils?
Periods of geological time are identified using index fossils. These fossils are "frequently encountered, widely distributed fossils that are restricted in time span," according to the definition. If an index fossil is discovered in a particular layer, one can estimate the layer's age.
Index fossils are fossils used to describe and classify geologic periods, often known as guide fossils or indicator fossils (or faunal stages).
Therefore, The property of fossils which allows scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers is termed as Index fossils.
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The concept that engaging in a behavior over and over again can lead to changes in your brain is known as ______________.
Neuroplasticity is the idea that repeating a behavior can alter the way your brain functions.
What what is neuroplasticity, and how does it function?After injuries, such as a stroke or traumatic brain injury, it is defined as the nervous system's capacity to alter its activity in response to intrinsic or external inputs by rearranging its structure, functions, or connections (TBI).
What changes does neuroplasticity make in the brain?The term "neuroplasticity" can be thought of as an all-encompassing term that describes the brain's capacity to alter, modify, and adapt its structure and function during the course of a person's life and in response to experience.
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What does the difference in distribution tell you about the cells in the treated sample?.
The difference in distribution tell you about the cells in the treated sample, is that the treated cancer cells are arrested at the G1 phase.
They provide the body with structure, take in food's nutrients, convert them into energy, and carry out certain functions. Cells also contain the genetic material of the organism and are capable of self-replication. Each part of a cell serves a unique function.
Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region, and eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus, are the two different types of cells. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, whereas eukaryotes can either be single-celled or multicellular.
The parasitic bacteria Mycoplasma gallicepticum is thought to be the tiniest known organism capable of autonomous development and reproduction. It lives in the respiratory, genital, and urine systems of primates. The cell type used in the investigation is called mycoplasma. Its diameter is 0.0001 mm.
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The pia mater is made of ______ that is highly vascularized and tightly adheres to the brain.
Answer:
capillaries
Explanation:
pretty much and network of capillaries
when crick and brenner studies the genetic code, they introduced deletions of 1, 2, or 3 nucleotides in a gene. when they introduced, 2 deletions, what was the observed result?
When Crick and Brenner introduced, 2 deletions, the observed result was that the genetic message shifted and all of the amino acids after the deletion were altered.
What is the genetic code?The genetic code refers to the fact that certain triplets of nucleotides or codons in the linear nucleotide sequence that a particular DNA gene fragment may encode into a specific type of amino acids after transcription to mRNA and further translation.
If we introduce a genetic change or mutation deletion in a gene sequence then it will change the open reading frame of the resulting gene (when this deletion is not a multiple of three since this is the nucleotide number in codons).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the genetic code specifies the order of amino acids in the proteins and a deletion may change the amino acids downstream of the mutated site.
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a vaccine against hiv proteins made by a genetically enginnered vaccina virsu that has infected a eukaryotic cell line is
A vaccine against HIV proteins made by a genetically engineered vaccinia virus that has infected a eukaryotic cell line is subunit vaccine.
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is the virus that affects the immune system of the infected human. If the virus is present in large amounts, they may cause the disease AIDS. The virus can be transmitted through infected blood, from the semen or vaginal discharge of the person, etc.
Subunit vaccine is the one made from proteins or glycoprotein or polysaccharides part of the pathogen. These vaccines are considered to be safer than the whole-pathogen vaccines.
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in the binding of a signal molecule to a surface receptor, the signal molecule does not enter the cell.
Using the theories of receptor, we got that ligand is the signal molecule that does not enter the cell in the binding of a signal molecule to a surface receptor.
Cell-surface receptors Cell-surface receptors are the membrane-anchored proteins that bind to ligands on outside surface of the cell. In this type of signaling, the ligand actually does not need to cross the plasma membrane.
In other cases, the receptor binds the DNA in either the presence or absence of hormone, but the hormone binding alters the activity of the receptor as the transcriptional regulatory molecule. For example, thyroid hormone receptor acts as the repressor in the absence of hormone.
Hence, in the binding of a signal molecule to a surface receptor, the signal molecule does not enter the cell is ligand.
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What two roles does atp play during the contraction stage?.
Muscle cells can use both fatty acids and glucose for his or her aerobic respiratory. ATP is used for 2 matters in muscle cells: lively shipping of calcium (Ca++) and motion of motor proteins.
It also reminds us that ATP is needed by using the muscle mobile for the electricity stroke of the myosin pass bridge, for disconnecting the cross bridge from the binding web page on actin, and for transporting calcium ions back into the SR.
ATP is used for contraction when: the myosin heads are activated by an ATP molecule, which supplies it with the energy to carry out a electricity stroke. ATP is used at some point of rest to break the bond among the myosin heads and the actin filament.
ATP binding to myosin at some point of the contractile cycle effects in myosin detachment from actin, and electricity liberated from next ATP hydrolysis is then used to pressure the next contractile cycle. ATP is likewise used to decrease myoplasmic calcium ranges at some point of muscle rest.
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why are waves of calcium that enter cells and are propagated through the cytoplasmic compartment, as happens within the first minute or so after fertilization, generally transient?
Waves of calcium that enter cells are propagated through the cytoplasmic compartment, as happens within the first minute or so after fertilization, generally transient because Ca2+ ions are quickly pushed from the cytosol straight into the ER and/or extracellular space.
Define cytosol?
The cytosol is referred to as the cytoplasm's matrix. In eukaryotes, it encircles the cell organelles. Prokaryotes carry out all metabolic processes.
The nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria are among the organelles that are housed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The portion of the cytoplasm that is not contained in a organelle is known as the cytosol. Despite the cytoplasm's apparent lack of structure.
Therefore, waves of calcium that enter cells are propagated through the cytoplasmic compartment, as happens within the first minute or so after fertilization, generally transient because Ca2+ ions are quickly pushed from the cytosol straight into the ER and/or extracellular space.
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