The combination of molecules that could repair such damage is DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, and adenylyl cyclase. Hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine in DNA, is the result of the spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine.
An amino group is taken out of a molecule through deamination. Deaminases are the enzymes that catalyse this process. Deamination typically occurs in the liver; however it can also happen in the kidney, in the human body. Deamination is utilised to break down amino acids for energy in instances where there is an excessive intake of protein. Ammonia is created when the amino group is taken out of the amino acid. The remaining amino acid is recycled or oxidised for energy and is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. When adenine is deaminated, hypoxanthine is produced. Similar to the imine tautomer of adenine, hypoxanthine preferentially bases pairs with cytosine as opposed to thymine. As a result, the initial A-T base pair undergoes a post-replicative transition mutation, changing into a G-C base pair.
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Muscle cells are specialized for contraction. They need lots of energy and specialized proteins. Which of these statements correctly pairs an organelle with its function in the cell? choose all that apply.
The mitochondria are the organelles that produce energy for the cell, while the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and delivering proteins.
Mitochondria: The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. They produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the cell's protein factories. They produce proteins for the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes and sacs that helps to transport materials around the cell.
Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened sacs that helps to package and ship proteins and other materials out of the cell.
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What is the difference between inorganic and organic compounds?
A.
Organic compounds are produced naturally and inorganic compounds are human-made.
B.
Organic compounds contain ionic bonds and inorganic compounds contain covalent bonds.
C.
Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and inorganic compounds do not.
D.
Organic compounds are beneficial to the environment and inorganic compounds are not.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Organic compounds are something that is produced naturally and found in natural areas.
Inorganic compounds are made by humans and can not be found again naturally.
a gene is a set of specific instructions that: directs carbohydrate synthesis. copies dna strands for mitosis. controls the process of mitosis. indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
A gene is a set of specific instructions that: (4) indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
Gene is the basic unit of heredity that is transferred from the parent to the offspring. A gene is composed of DNA strands that contain the information of the coding of various proteins that carry out all the processes inside a living organism.
Amino acids are the basic unit / monomers that form proteins. The amino acids join together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides/ proteins. Each amino acid has a common structure that consists of an amino group, a carboxylic group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R group, all bonded to a common α-carbon atom.
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describe the structure and function of capillaries, sinusoids, and capillary beds. explain the structural basis of capillary permeability.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest blood vessels. These capillaries are only two layers of cells thick, their function is to play a central role in circulation, delivering oxygen in the blood to the tissues, and taking carbon dioxide for elimination.
Sinusoidal capillaries are a type of capillary that has large pores between its endothelial cells. The diameter of the pores is about 30-40 micrometers. This type of capillary can be passed by red blood cells, white blood cells, and various types of proteins.
The capillary bed is a network of tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases, water, and nutrients. Capillary beds are often located in metabolic organs, such as the lungs, kidneys, or brain, for exchanging vital materials and removing wastes.
Capillary permeability is the ability of capillary walls to allow the selective flow of substances and cells into and out of vessels. Small molecules such as ions and nutrients can pass through the capillary walls.
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Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria. Based on the function of mitochondria, which types of plant and animal cells would have a large number of mitochondria?.
Muscle cells, which are responsible for animal movement, are the atoms with the most mitochondria.
What feature of mitochondria is most significant?And mitochondria, which serve as the cells' batteries, are responsible for almost 90% of the energy produced in your muscles and liver. Mitochondria perform a crucial function in your blood, liver, muscles, and brain—organs that require a lot of energy. 25% of liver, 40% of heart muscle, and 40percent of all other cells include mitochondria.
What happens if the mitochondria don't work properly?Damaged mitochondria are the root cause of the cells' lack of energy. The cells' buildup of surplus oxygen and fuel atoms damages them. Symptoms of various mitochondrial diseases can vary. Depending on the locations and numbers of damaged mitochondria.
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why does the motor homunculus depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of proportion?
Motor homunculus can depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of the proportion because more motor units are needed for the fine control of those areas. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Motor Homunculus?The motor homunculus is a topographic representation of the different body parts and its correspondents along the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe in the brain. While, the sensory homunculus is a topographic representation of the body parts along with the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
Motor homunculus has a large representation of the face and hands compared with the torso, arms and legs. Because of the presence of the brain maps in each of the sensory receptor onto the cortex rather than considering the area of the body where the sensor is located.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Why does the motor homunculus depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of proportion?
a. The brain area devoted to using those regions is vast.
b. More motor units are needed for fine control of those areas.
c. The cortical areas mapped for controlling those areas overlap with the sensory regions controlling those areas.
d. A and C are correct.
the lactose (lac) operon of e. coli is under both positive and negative control. how is the lac operon affected by positive control?
When cAMP is present, CAP (Catabolite activator protein) protein attaches close to the promoter of the lac operon, which is impacted by positive control.
Is positive control present over the lac operon?Both positive and negative controls are in place over the lac operon. We'll think about each of these mechanisms independently. 1. When the inducer is lacking in a negative control, the repressor turns off the lacZYAgenes (signalling an absence of lactose).
The lac operon is favorably regulated in what ways?Therefore, the absence of glucose catabolites positively regulates the lac operon, which is turned on when intracellular glucose levels are low. Signal molecule cAMP levels are high when intracellular glucose concentrations are low (top panel).
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First Answer Get Brainliest
What are the Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables?
I am observing the different stages of cell division by observing the tip of an onion root under a microscope and the time spent in each cycle.
During its completed cell division cycle, the onion root cell will have spent 68% in Interphase, 16% in Prophase, 6% in Metaphase, 4% in Anaphase, 4% in Telophase, and 2% in Cytokinesis.
What are the independent, dependent, and controlled variables of the onion roots cell division?
For more info my lab report is attached
Explanation:
Title: Onion Root Tip Under MicroscopeObjective(s): Observe all stages of mitosis and the cell cycleHypothesis: The interphase stage will be more likely to be spotted than the other stagesbecause it is the longest stage.Variables:Independent: different slices of onion root tipDependent: stage of mitosisControlled: microscope and onion root
if a protein coat of a dna virus was used to encapsulate the rna from a rna virus and was allowed to replicate inside a bacterial cell. after replication the genetic material of the resulting viruses would be the same as the a) virus that provided the protein coat b) virus that provided the dna c) virus that provided the rna d) hybrid between protein virus and dna virus e) hybrid between protein virus and rna virus
C) virus that provided the RNA.
if a protein coat of a DNA virus was used to encapsulate the RNA from a RNA virus and was allowed to replicate inside a bacterial cell. after replication the genetic material of the resulting viruses would be the same as the virus that provided the RNA.
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses in the target host cells during the infection process. Before viral replication can occur, viruses must first enter the cell. The virus continues to infect new hosts by making numerous copies of its genome and packaging these copies. The replication of viruses varies greatly and is determined by the type of genes involved. Most DNA viruses form in the nucleus, whereas most RNA viruses form only in the cytoplasm. Viruses can only replicate in living cells. The host cell must supply the energy, synthetic machinery, and low-molecular-weight precursors required for viral protein and nucleic acid synthesis.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid found in all living cells that is structurally similar to DNA. RNA, unlike DNA, is typically single-stranded. Instead of the deoxyribose found in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
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As of 2014, __________ is the largest contributor of total u. S. Greenhouse gas emissions.
Answer:
electricity sector
Explanation:
good night mate
after a brief period of intense exercise, the activity of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase is greatly increased. this increased activity is most likely due to
Decreased ADP is the most likely reason for the increased activity.
What is ADP?
ADP, adenosine diphosphate or also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP) is an organic compound in metabolism. Adenosine diphosphate is what helps release and store energy within an organism. It captures energy from other cell processes by their oxidation fuels.
Adenosine diphosphate contains two phosphate groups only. Which is why its named adenosine diphosphate.
Adenosine diphosphate is a lower form of energy.
Adenosine diphosphate is produced on hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate bonds. It occurs basically when adenosine triphosphate loses one phosphate group. ADP then turns to ATP by addition of a single phosphate group.
Therefore, decreased ADP is the most likely reason for the increased activity.
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Journal Activity Active
Prompt
A family member wants to get into better shape. Choose an individual sport and explain how the family member's health
can benefit by participating in the sport three times a week. What factors of the sport make it an enjoyable way to reach
fitness goals?
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Track may be a fantastic individual sport that promotes calorie burning and endurance building. you'll improve your mental health by playing track. Track is enjoyable due to the competition as well as the social component and making new friends.
Consistent aerobic activity, like brisk walking, for a minimum of 30 minutes most days of the week is one of the greatest strategies to shed body fat. Some people might need more exercise than recommended to scale back their weight and keep it off. Any additional movement aids in calorie burning.
What about sports?A solo or group endeavor that involves the testing of one's physical limits and regularly takes the shape of a competitive game like football, tennis, etc.A person's activity that focuses primarily on physical effort and ability, with aspects of competition or social interaction is usually recognized as a sport.The rules and behavioral patterns regulating the activity are formally established through organizations.Any competitive physical activity or game that tries to utilize, maintain, or enhance physical aptitude and skills while bringing enjoyment to players and, in certain situations, amusement to spectators is mentioned as sport.The physical health of participants in sports are often improved by informal or formal engagement. Sports are frequently compared to games, fun, jokes, and play.All of those terms refer to "activity or speech that gives entertainment or arouses laughing," but sport specifically refers to the inciting of laughter at the expense of another person.One learns the following through sports: Teamwork is the act of working together as a group without regard to individual interests in order to achieve a shared objective.Leadership abilities: Guide various individuals from varied backgrounds toward a shared purpose or aim.A good leader inspires others to take on leadership roles.Learn more about sports here:
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What is Taiga...?
Helpp :(
Answer:
Taiga, generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest has been called the world's largest land biome.
Explanation have great day
Hello..!
¿What is Taiga?
It is one that has a vegetation typical of the continentally cold climate zone, and is composed of large forests and bushes.
the ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and nervous network. what are these folds called?
A peritoneal membrane known as the mesentery suspends the ileum and jejunum from the posterior abdominal wall in slack folds. The mesentery supports blood arteries, nerves, and lymphatics in addition to facilitating intestinal motility.
While absorbing nutrients from your food, the mucosa in the jejunum and ileum secretes little amounts of lubricating mucus and digestive enzymes. Different nutrients and water are intended to be absorbed by each area separately. All abdominal digestive organs develop in the mesentery, which also keeps them in systemic continuity until maturity. Heald and Hohenberger's innovations in colorectal surgery renewed interest in the mesentery.
In light of this, we can say that the mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that suspends the ileum and jejunum from the abdominal wall's posterior part.
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red-green colorblindness in humans is a recessive x-linked trait. a colorblind man procreates with a carrier woman. they are expecting a baby girl. what is the probability she will be colorblind
Red-green colour blindness in people is an x-linked recessive trait. A carrier woman bears children with a colorblind man. They are going to have a girl. She has a 50% chance of being colorblind.
The most prevalent type of colour blindness is red-green colour blindness. This disorder, also known as deuteranopia, is probably congenital, which means that you are born with it. You can find it challenging to distinguish between distinct hues of red, green, and yellow if you suffer from this sort of colour blindness.
People who are "red/green colour blind" have a tendency to mistake any colour that contains some red or green as well as other colours. Because they are unable to'see' the red component of the colour purple, people who are red/green colorblind are more likely to confuse the colours blue and purple.
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If a mutant plant was produced in a research lab that had a cuticle covering the epidermis of the root and none covering the stem
epidermis, how successful do you think the plant would be? Why?
The plant wouldn't be able to survive because the presence of the cuticle layer on the root epidermis prevents the absorption of water while the absence of the cuticle above the stem epidermis will result in excess loss of water.
What is the cuticle layer?The plant cuticle is a protective film that covers the outermost layer of the skin on leaves, young shoots, and other above-ground plant organs that do not have an integument. This film is composed of wax-impregnated lipids and hydrocarbon polymers and is only synthesized.
The cuticle is the waxy layer that forms on the epidermis of stems and leaves. This layer controls water loss in plants. The presence of a waxy cuticle in the roots prevents the uptake of water and salt from the soil, so there is no cuticle in the roots.
It is found on the surface of leaves, fruits, flowers, and non-lignified stems of higher plants. Protects plants from drought, temperature extremes, UV rays, chemical attacks, mechanical damage, and infection from pathogens/pests.
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suppose a cell has a mutation that prevents helicase from being made. how might this affect dna replication?
The replication process would not be possible without helicases.
What would transpire in the event that someone had a mutation that prevented them from producing helicase?Mutations that prevent helicase function have been associated with cancer and a number of genetic disorders, including xeroderma pigmentosum and Werner syndrome, which cause premature aging.
The hydrogen bonds that bind the two DNA strands together into a double helix are broken by helicases, an enzyme. The single-stranded DNA fragments that are exposed by this break will serve as the template for DNA replication. As a result, replication would not proceed if helicases were absent.
DNA helicases are necessary for DNA replication because they divide double-stranded DNA into single strands, enabling the replication of each strand individually.
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What disorder results when human body cells lose the ability to respond to internal regulatory signals that control cell growth?.
In cancer, human body cells lose the ability to respond to internal regulatory signals that control cell growth.
A set of illnesses known as cancer involve abnormal cell proliferation and have the ability to invade or spread to different bodily regions. In contrast to this, benign tumors do not spread. A lump, unusual bleeding, a persistent cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel habits are all potential warning signs and symptoms. These signs of cancer may be present, but there may be other causes as well. Humans are susceptible to over 100 different malignancies.
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During the most recent glacial period, glaciers slowly moved across the region now known as the northern United States, carving up and deepening ancient valleys. When the glacial period ended, what most likely happened to these deep valleys?
A.
They became lakes.
B.
They were filled with molten lava.
C.
They formed cliffs.
D.
They became mountain ranges.
The glacial period ended They became lakes most likely happened to these deep valleys.
When was the glacial period?Between 120,000 and 11,500 years ago, the most last glacial period took place. The Holocene, an interglacial period since then, is now taking place on Earth. Compared to interglacial eras, glacial periods are often colder, dustier, and drier.
How many glacial periods were there?Over the course of Earth's history, there have been at least five significant ice ages, the most recent of which began around 3 million years ago and is still going on today (yes, we are living in an ice age!). The warm interglacial we are seeing now started roughly 11,000 years ago.
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The kidneys require a large amount of energy to pull water and other substances back into the bloodstream during reabsorption. Explain why.
vasopressin, a peptide hormone, causes. The CCD apical membrane becomes more permeable to water as 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels rise in these cells.
What purpose does adenosine monophosphate serve?Adenosine monophosphate has been shown to hasten healing, shorten the length of shingles discomfort, and stop postherpetic neuralgia from developing. More. It has been shown that the body's own naturally occurring substance, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), is useful in preventing shingles outbreaks.
What role does AMP play?A signal's voltage, current, or power can be increased using an amplifier, an electronic device. In wireless communications or broadcasting as well as in other types of audio equipment, amplifiers are used. They can be classified as either power amplifiers or weak-signal amplifiers.
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gpi-anchoring serves a special function, especially in polarized epithelial cells because this modification serves to target proteins to the:
gpi-anchoring serves a special function, especially in polarized epithelial cell because this modification serves to target proteins to the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).
what is RER?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a network of interconnected flattened sacs that is an organelle with a continuous membrane found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and is essential for protein production.
The RER is linked to numerous functions in protein production, including sorting, folding, and post-translational modifications. The mature
dna-dependent rna polymerase makes a complementary strand of nucleic acid that is then used for translation. the process carried out by this enzyme is called
Answer: Transcription
Explanation:
The Transcription unit generally contains 3 regions
1. A promoter
2. Structural genes
3. Terminator
Since the strands have opposite polarity the DNA dependent RNA polymerase also catalyze this in one direction that 5 - 3 then the strands that has the polarity 3' - 5' act as a template and is referred as template strand. The other strand that has polarity 5' - 3' is displaced during transcription.
For an enzyme that displays michaelis-menten kinetics, what is the effect on km of doubling the concentration of substrate?.
For an enzyme that displays michaelis-menten kinetics will show no effect on km by doubling the concentration of substrate.
What is michaelis-menten kinetics?Michaelis-Menten kinetics is a model of enzyme kinetics that describes how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction depends on the concentration of an enzyme and its substrate.
There are three assumptions in Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Steady state approximationFree ligand approximationFast equilibrium approximation.For practical reasons, Km is the substrate concentration that allows the enzyme to reach half its Vmax. An enzyme with a high Km has a low affinity for its substrate and requires a higher concentration of substrate to reach its Vmax.
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Spartina is a plant that grows in salt marshes. It stores salt in its roots, making the root have a higher salt concentration than the water around them. What is most likely to occur in response to this concentration of salt in the roots?
The most likely thing to occur in response to this concentration of salt in the roots is that the water moves into the roots.
What is Osmosis?This is defined as the process in which solute molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration through a selective permeable membrane.
Since we were told that the root has a higher concentration, then the water will move from the soil to the roots of the plants thereby making the soil drier than before and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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gene regulation can occur at which level? group of answer choices a. epigenetic b. translation c. transcription d. all of the above
At the transcription level, gene regulation could occur.
So, the correct option is C.
Although it can happen at any stage of gene expression, transcription—the process by which the data in a gene's DNA is transferred to mRNA—represents the stage where gene regulation happens most frequently. Transcription factors are proteins that become active in response to environmental or cellular signals. RNA polymerase regulates transcription, which is where most of the regulation of gene expression in bacteria takes place.
In eukaryotes, transcriptional initiation is where gene regulation is most crucial. During the processes of protein translation and transcription, which both take place in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, eukaryotic gene expression is controlled. Through the post-translational modification of proteins, additional regulation may take place.
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How does the nature of the bonding in ionic compounds contribute to their high melting points and brittle crystalline structure?.
Ionic compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points, because the attraction between ions in the lattice is very strong.
Ionic compounds are those compounds that are formed by the complete electron transfer between two atoms to form a strong ionic bond. Ionic compounds have high points of melting and boiling and appear to be strong and brittle.
The ionic atom that gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. Metals tend to lose electrons, so they have a net positive charge and become cations. Non-metals tend to gain electrons, creating a net negative charge of anions.
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the property of an antimicrobial agent to be highly toxic against its target microbe while being far less toxic to the cells of the host organism is called
Property of an antimicrobial agent to be highly toxic against its target microbe while being far less toxic to the cells of the host organism is called selective toxicity .
Selective toxicity is the ability of drug to be harmful for microorganism but not on body cells of humans. The main function of antimicrobial agents is to kill the microorganisms without damaging the host cells.
Antimicrobial agents ideally should be nontoxic at all dose levels and should not be metabolized to toxic intermediates.
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you collect an aquatic organism with jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton, and antennae. this is part of which animal group?
Arthropods are aquatic creatures that have antennae, rigid exoskeletons, and jointed appendages.
Arthropods are invertebrate animals with segmented bodies, paired jointed legs, and an exoskeleton. The phylum Arthropoda is made up of arthropods. They differ from other organisms due to their jointed limbs and chitin-based cuticle, which is usually calcified with calcium carbonate. The arthropod's body is divided into segments, each of which has two appendages. Arthropods have an external skeleton and are bilaterally symmetrical. They must go through many stages of moulting, a process through which they lose their exoskeleton to reveal a new one, in order to continue growing. Certain species possess wings. They are a very varied group, with up to 10 million different species.
The inside organs of an arthropod are housed in the haemocoel, which is the internal cavity through which the haemolymph, which functions like blood, circulates. Arthropods' internal organs are typically constructed of repetitive segments, just like their exteriors. They have a "ladder-like" neural system, with paired ventral nerve cords passing through each section to produce paired ganglia. Their brains, which surround the oesophagus and are generated by the fusion of the ganglia of these segments, are formed by the merging of the different numbers of segments that make up their heads. Arthropods have different respiratory and excretory systems, which vary based on their habitat and subphylum.
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In one spine-tingling investigation of this season’s conjuring kesha, the pop icon brings supermodel karen elson to help her investigate, and their presence soon spurs alarming paranormal activity. Where are they?.
The Odd Fellows Lodge in Tuscola, Illinois, is the solution.
What is the odd fellow's job?"Visit the sick, relieve the distressed, bury the dead, and educate the orphan," is the historic mandate of the Odd Fellow. You get to actively contribute to making the world and your community better.
Religion is Odd Fellows?We welcome people from all walks of life and ages; we have neither political nor religious affiliations. We're also extremely happy to be a nonprofit mutual organization that values a neighborhood united by friendship, compassion, and philanthropic giving.
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which of the following describes organic matter? group of answer choices it is only found in arctic soils it holds soil particles together like a biological glue, creating soil aggregates and soil structure it is the source of natural fertility in soils it is composed of synthetic organic compounds manufactured from petrochemicals it is degraded and depleted by tillage/plowing resulting in erosion and soil loss it is formed of dead and partially decomposed plant and animal material
Organic matter can be described as: it is formed of dead and partially decomposed plant and animal material.
Organic matter is composed of natural carbon based compounds found in the environment either terrestrial or aquatic. The Organic matter is largely made up from the dead and decaying plants and animals, or the faeces of the animals.
Decomposition in the environment is the process of breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller parts that may be organic or inorganic by the action of various microorganisms. These microorganisms are termed as decomposers. The example of decomposers are protozoa, bacteria, earthworm, millipede, mushrooms, etc.
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