the struggles over land and labor united the postemancipation experience in many countries, yet this one aspect made the united states unique.
Within two years after the end of slavery, black males were given the right to vote

As temperature increases, the amount of energy available for evaporation increases. This is because higher temperatures lead to greater molecular motion, which in turn increases the kinetic energy of water molecules.

As a result, more water molecules gain enough energy to escape from the liquid phase and enter the gaseous phase through evaporation. Therefore, the answer is that the amount of energy available for evaporation increases as temperature increases.

As temperature rises, the kinetic energy of water molecules also increases. This increase in energy allows more water molecules to overcome the forces of attraction and escape from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, which is the process of evaporation.

Hence, higher temperatures provide more energy for water molecules to evaporate, resulting in an increase in the rate of evaporation increases.

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The first transcontinental railroad completed on May 29, 1869.

The Transcontinental train established the first uninterrupted train route across the country by linking the already-existing eastern U.S. rail networks to the west coast. Its construction lasted from 1863 until 1869. The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California (CPRR) and Union Pacific built the rail line, also known as the Great Transcontinental Railroad and eventually the "Overland Route," in large part through public lands supplied by numerous US land concessions.

On May 10, 1869, CPRR President Leland Stanford formally drove the gold 'Last Spike' at Promontory Summit in Utah, launching the railway for through traffic.

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Answer:

Corporate Proprietary Royal

Explanation:

Corporate colonies: These were established by joint-stock companies, such as the Virginia Company, which were granted charters by the English crown. The companies funded and organized the establishment of these colonies in the hopes of generating profits. Examples of corporate colonies include Jamestown in Virginia and Plymouth in Massachusetts.

Proprietary colonies: These were granted to individuals or groups by the English crown. The proprietors had significant authority over the colony and could govern it according to their own rules and regulations. Examples of proprietary colonies include Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

Royal colonies: These were under the direct control and authority of the English crown. The king appointed a governor to administer the colony on behalf of the crown. Examples of royal colonies include Virginia after it transitioned from a corporate colony, Massachusetts after the revocation of its charter, and Georgia.

The English established three types of colonies in North America: corporate, proprietary, and royal. Corporate colonies were governed by joint-stock companies, proprietary colonies were ruled by individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land, and royal colonies were controlled by the English monarchy.

The three types of colonies established by the English in North America were corporate, proprietary, and royal colonies. Corporate colonies like Jamestown, Virginia, were ran and governed by joint-stock companies. Proprietary colonies such as Maryland, were ruled by individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land. The individual or group had full governing rights. Royal colonies like Virginia after 1624, were directly controlled by the English monarchy.

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The rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany from 1919 to 1933 occurred during a period of economic instability, political turmoil, and societal discontent.

One key factor that contributed to Hitler's rise to power was the severe unemployment crisis that plagued Germany in the aftermath of World War I. Following Germany's defeat in the war and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles, the country experienced economic hardships, including hyperinflation and a sharp increase in unemployment.

The German people faced poverty, desperation, and a loss of faith in the existing political system. Hitler skillfully exploited these circumstances to gain support for his nationalist and anti-Semitic agenda. He promised to restore Germany's economic stability, eradicate unemployment, and rebuild the nation's pride.

Hitler's charisma and powerful oratory resonated with a population seeking a strong leader who could bring about change. The Nazi Party capitalized on the economic distress and the frustration felt by many Germans. They used propaganda, mass rallies, and paramilitary organizations like the SA to gain popular support.

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The phrase that best completes the diagram "Ramesses the Great -> ?" is:

Ramesses the Great, also known as Ramesses II, was one of the most powerful and successful pharaohs of ancient Egypt. He is well-known for his military campaigns and particularly for his victory over the Hittite Empire in the Battle of Kadesh.

This battle, fought around 1274 BCE, resulted in a stalemate between Egypt and the Hittites but was eventually followed by a peace treaty, solidifying Ramesses' position as a skilled military leader.

Therefore, option A, "Defeated the powerful Hittite forces," is the phrase that best completes the diagram.

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According to selye (1956, 1976), the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is responsible for the person becoming mobilized to meet the threat.

The general  adaption pattern( GAS) was first proposed by Hans Selye in his classic 1936 letter to the editor of Nature. The GAS  comported of three phases( i) the alarm phase,( ii) the phase of  adaption, and( iii) the phase of prostration. Selye held that the stress pattern was always a nonspecific response of the body to any demand and included a  trio of responses blowup of the adrenal cortex,  drop in size of the thymus and lymphatic towel, and ulceration of the stomach and duodenum. Selye also promoted the conception of  conditions of  adaption that were connected to stressful stimulation. important of Selye’s work has been blinked  as knowledge of neural and endocrine systems expanded and new  logical  ways were introduced. In particular, the doctrine of nonspecificity has been rejected and replaced with the  suggestion that a given stressor stimulates a unique neuroendocrine  hand in test subjects.

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The Mahabharata, one of the ancient Indian epics, features a vast array of characters, each with their unique personalities and traits. While many characters in the Mahabharata exhibit virtuous qualities, there are some who display negative attitudes or attributes. Here are a few notable examples:

1. Duryodhana: Duryodhana is often depicted as the main antagonist of the Mahabharata. He is known for his jealousy, arrogance, and deceitful nature. Duryodhana's intense desire for power and his refusal to acknowledge the rightful claims of the Pandavas contribute to his negative portrayal.

2. Shakuni: Shakuni, Duryodhana's maternal uncle, is a cunning and manipulative character. He is driven by a deep hatred for the Pandavas and employs deceitful tactics, such as gambling, to further his agenda. Shakuni's scheming nature and his role in instigating the Kurukshetra war highlight his negative attributes.

3. Karna: Although Karna is often praised for his loyalty and valor, his negative attributes stem from his association with Duryodhana. Karna's unwavering support for Duryodhana, despite knowing his wrongful actions, showcases his blind loyalty and misplaced priorities.

4. Dronacharya: Dronacharya, the royal teacher of the Kuru princes, displays negative traits in his favoritism towards the Kauravas. His bias and willingness to bend the rules during the Kurukshetra war for the benefit of his favorite students reflect a lack of impartiality and ethical conduct.

5. Dhritarashtra: Dhritarashtra, the blind king and father of the Kauravas, exhibits a negative attitude through his inability to control his sons and make just decisions. His excessive attachment to his own children and his failure to address their wrongdoings contribute to the tragic events of the epic.

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The earliest printmaking technique used in the West was woodcut.

Woodcut is a printmaking technique that dates back to the early fifteenth century in Europe, where it was first used to reproduce images of Christian icons. It was created by cutting a design into a wooden block using a knife or chisel, leaving raised areas that could be inked and pressed onto paper or other materials.

Woodcuts were used for a variety of purposes, including illustrating books, creating religious imagery, and producing propaganda. They were often used to create multiple copies of an image quickly and efficiently, making them a popular form of printmaking for several centuries.

In printmaking, a woodcut is a type of relief printing. A block of wood is carved with gouges by an artist, leaving the printing parts level with the surface and removing the non-printing parts.

In ancient China, woodcut printing was used to print on textiles and later on paper. The earliest woodblock prints that have survived are from China, and they are from the Han dynasty (before 220). They are silk prints of three-colored flowers.

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Supporters of using the atomic bomb against Japan at the end of World War II thought an invasion would cost too many American lives.

Answer:

B.

the practice of absolute monarchy

Explanation:

Ethnicity is the term that describes the identification of a group based on shared history, religion, and/or language.

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President Johnson's plan to restore the Union closely resembled Lincoln's is false.

President Johnson's plan to restore the Union after the American Civil War differed significantly from the approach taken by President Lincoln. While both presidents sought to bring the Confederate states back into the Union, their plans had fundamental differences in terms of goals, requirements, and treatment of the Southern states.

President Lincoln's plan, known as the Ten Percent Plan, was outlined in 1863 and emphasized a relatively lenient approach towards the Confederate states. It required that 10 percent of a state's voting population take an oath of allegiance to the Union, establish a new state government, and abolish slavery. Lincoln aimed for a swift and inclusive reconstruction process to reunite the Union.

On the other hand, President Johnson's plan, often referred to as Presidential Reconstruction, emerged after Lincoln's assassination in 1865. Johnson's plan was seen as more lenient towards the Southern states, as he offered a pardon to most former Confederates and allowed them to regain political power. His approach did not prioritize protecting the rights of freed slaves or promoting significant changes to the Southern social and economic systems. Johnson's plan faced significant criticism for being too lenient towards former Confederates and neglecting the rights and welfare of African Americans.

Therefore, while both Lincoln and Johnson had plans to restore the Union, their approaches and goals differed considerably. Lincoln's plan aimed for a more inclusive and transformative reconstruction, while Johnson's plan was perceived as more lenient towards the former Confederate states and less focused on promoting equality and protecting the rights of freed slaves.

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False. The defeat of the Ottomans at the end of the First World War did not conclude more than 1300 years of a unified Islam.

While the fall of the Ottoman Empire did have significant consequences for the Muslim world, it did not replace a unified Islam with nation-states.

The Ottoman Empire, which was primarily a political and territorial entity, had already undergone significant changes and transformations in the centuries leading up to its collapse.

The defeat of the Ottomans and the subsequent partitioning of their territories by the victorious powers did contribute to the dismantling of the empire and the emergence of new nation-states in the Middle East, such as Turkey, Iraq, and Syria.

However, Islam as a religion and cultural force continued to exist and play a significant role in the lives of Muslims around the world.

The notion of a unified Islam goes beyond political boundaries and encompasses a diverse range of religious beliefs, practices, and cultural expressions that transcend the nation-state framework.

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Greek colonization was characterized by the establishment of new settlements by Greek city-states in distant regions.

Greek colonization refers to a period in ancient history when Greek city-states expanded their influence and established new settlements in various regions beyond the Greek mainland. This process occurred between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE and had significant cultural, economic, and political implications.

During this period, Greek city-states, motivated by factors such as population growth, political unrest, trade opportunities, and the search for new resources, sent groups of settlers (colonists) to establish colonies in distant lands. These colonies often maintained strong ties with their mother cities, but they operated as separate entities, with their own governments, economies, and social structures.

The establishment of Greek colonies had several impacts. Culturally, it led to the diffusion of Greek language, art, architecture, and religious practices to these new regions. Economically, Greek colonies contributed to the expansion of trade networks, facilitated the exchange of goods, and promoted economic growth. They also served as strategic outposts for controlling trade routes and resources.

Politically, Greek colonies had varying degrees of autonomy, often maintaining ties with their mother cities but operating independently in local affairs. The process of colonization also stimulated political experimentation and the development of new forms of government.

Overall, Greek colonization was a significant phenomenon that expanded Greek influence, spread Greek culture, and played a crucial role in shaping the ancient Mediterranean world.

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Plato described his ideal government in The Republic. In The Republic, Plato outlines his vision of a perfect city-state ruled by an elite group of "philosopher-kings." Plato argues that the ideal "kallipolis" or beautiful city would have three classes of citizens: producers, auxiliaries, and guardians. The guardians would be a select group of individuals who have been trained from youth in philosophy and justice and who rule over the city-state as "philosopher-kings." Plato argues that this method of governing, where the wisest rule and everyone fulfills the role for which they are best suited, would produce the most just and harmonious society. The key features of Plato's ideal government in The Republic are:

- Rule by an elite class of wise philosopher-kings

- Strict division of citizens into classes based on natural aptitudes and skills

- Common ownership of property, with no private wealth among the guardians

- Euthanasia for those who could not contribute to society

- Rigid censorship of literature, art and music

Plato believed this ideal government would provide the optimal conditions for maximizing justice and truth in the state, which were Plato's highest values and goals of government.

The mother of the Three Graces by Zeus was a) Eurynome, the oldest daughter of Oceanus.

In Greek mythology, the Three Graces, also known as the Charites, were goddesses of charm, beauty, and grace. They were said to be the daughters of Zeus, the king of the gods, and Eurynome, who was the daughter of Oceanus, the Titan god of the ocean.

Eurynome played a significant role in Greek mythology as the mother of the Three Graces. She is often depicted as a beautiful and graceful goddess herself, known for her nurturing nature and association with fertility.

The Three Graces, named Aglaea, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, were often portrayed together, symbolizing the qualities of charm, joy, and abundance. As the mother of the Three Graces, Eurynome held an important place in the pantheon of Greek deities.

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The history of voting rights in America has been marked by struggles and progress towards inclusivity and equality. Initially, the right to vote was limited to white, male property owners. However, significant milestones have expanded suffrage to marginalized groups.

The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and protected their equal rights under the law. While it did not explicitly address voting rights, it laid the groundwork for future suffrage advancements.

The 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, prohibited racial discrimination in voting, granting African American men the right to vote. However, discriminatory practices, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, still hindered their access to the ballot box.

It took several more decades for women's suffrage to be recognized. The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote, representing a significant victory for gender equality.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was a landmark legislation that aimed to overcome barriers such as literacy tests and poll taxes, particularly targeting states with a history of discriminatory voting practices.

It has been instrumental in protecting the voting rights of racial and language minorities.

These amendments and acts have been pivotal in expanding voting rights, striving to create a more inclusive and equitable democracy.

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Answer: true

Explanation: Here's how Panagea formed and what it was like from about 320 million to 195 million ... Pangaea is Earth's most recent supercontinent.

D. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act required the U.S. Treasury to purchase a certain amount of silver each month and coin it into silver dollars. The goal was to increase the money supply and provide easier credit for farmers and other debtors. The act led to rapid inflation which contributed to the Panic of 1893.

Answer:

One way in which local governments are not typically funded is through direct financial support from the federal government. While local governments may receive some federal grants or assistance for specific programs or initiatives, they generally rely on their own revenue sources and local taxation to fund their operations and provide public services.

Local governments typically generate revenue through various means, such as property taxes, sales taxes, income taxes (in some cases), fees and permits, fines, and other local assessments. These revenue sources allow local governments to fund essential services such as public safety, infrastructure development, education, public transportation, and social services.

However, it's worth noting that the extent and composition of local government funding can vary depending on the country and its specific political and administrative structure. Different regions or municipalities may have different revenue sources or rely on intergovernmental transfers, but the absence of direct financial support from the federal government is a common characteristic in many local government funding systems.

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That local governments are not funded was Federal taxes. Thus, the correct option is (B).

Federal income tax rates range from 10% to 37% and are levied at various income levels. Tax brackets are the income ranges to which the rates apply.

Income, sales, and property taxes are the three principal sources of revenue for state and municipal governments.

Income and sales taxes provide for the bulk of total state tax income, while property taxes are the primary source of revenue for local governments, including school districts.

Property taxes are the most important source of revenue for local governments, accounting for around three out of every four local tax dollars collected in the United States.

Therefore, the correct option is "B".

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1. Disruption of agricultural activities and food supply chains due to conflict and displacement has led to reduced food production and availability, exacerbating acute food insecurity in Ukraine.

2. Economic challenges resulting from the war have caused inflation and food price hikes, making essential food items less affordable for vulnerable populations, further increasing food insecurity.

3. Destruction of critical infrastructure and agricultural assets has hampered access to resources, markets, and services, hindering the ability of Ukrainians to produce and access sufficient food, contributing to acute food insecurity in the country.

The ongoing war in Ukraine has caused significant negative impacts on food security, with disruptions in agricultural activities, supply chains, and access to resources, leading to reduced food availability, affordability, and accessibility.

The war in Ukraine has resulted in acute food insecurity due to reduced food production, increased food prices, and limited access to resources, posing serious challenges for vulnerable populations in the country. Efforts to address these issues require humanitarian interventions and support to ensure food security for affected communities.

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The last total solar eclipse that could be observed in New Jersey occurred on February 26, 1979. This total solar eclipse was visible in the United States as well as in parts of Canada and the Pacific Ocean.

Here are some facts related to the last total solar eclipse in New Jersey:

People in the southern and western parts of New Jersey were able to see the total solar eclipse, while those in the northern and eastern parts of the state could only see a partial eclipse due to cloud cover.

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The philosophy that played a significant role in helping the Romans create a stable empire was Stoicism.

Stoicism was a Hellenistic philosophy that emphasized self-control, reason, and living in accordance with nature. It provided a moral and philosophical framework that influenced Roman thought, governance, and societal norms.

Stoicism promoted the idea of living virtuously, maintaining inner calm in the face of adversity, and accepting one's fate. These teachings were embraced by many Roman leaders, including emperors such as Marcus Aurelius and Seneca, as well as influential statesmen and intellectuals.

The Stoic philosophy encouraged Romans to prioritize duty, justice, and the common good over personal desires and ambitions. It emphasized the importance of self-discipline, rational decision-making, and the pursuit of virtue in both public and private life. These principles contributed to the stability and well-being of the Roman Empire by promoting a sense of order, responsibility, and a commitment to the welfare of the state.

Stoic ethics and principles were also reflected in Roman legal and political systems. The emphasis on justice, impartiality, and the rule of law resonated with Stoic teachings. Roman laws and institutions, including the concept of natural law, were influenced by Stoic ideas and aimed to create a just and orderly society.

Furthermore, Stoicism provided solace and guidance during challenging times, such as periods of political turmoil or military conflicts. Its teachings helped individuals cope with adversity, maintain perspective, and find inner strength in the face of external challenges. This resilience and collective Stoic mindset contributed to the stability and longevity of the Roman Empire.

While Stoicism was not the only philosophical influence in Roman society, its emphasis on reason, virtue, and social responsibility played a significant role in shaping the Roman worldview and contributing to the stability of the empire.

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Offer position and concerns will clearly state the thesis or claim of the paper.

The position paper begins with an engaging  preface that presents the general issue. The thesis  generally appears in the  preface and states your position on the issue.   A thesis is  generally a one-  judgment  statement about your content. It's an assertion about your content,  commodity that you believe to be true. The content defines an area to be covered-- it isn't making a claim. So, to make your content into a thesis statement, you need to make a claim about your topic. Make your arguments in support of your thesis by  furnishing several strong arguments that are developed using sound, believable  substantiation. Use a balance of data and opinions from a wide range of sources,  similar as scientific studies, expert  evidence, statistics, and  particular stories. Each piece of  substantiation should be completely explained and  easily stated.

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Massachusetts have its charter revoked by charles ii as Charles disagreed with Massachusetts's breaking of the Navigation Acts.

The Massachusetts Bay Colony's charter was revoked in 1684 as a result of persistent violations of its stipulations. King Charles II first learned about the illicit mint in 1662 when he visited with Nova Scotia's owner and governor, Sir Thomas Temple, and members of his Privy Council.

Despite the Navigation Acts forbidding it, the colonists carried on with their trading with other nations. The colony operated an illicit mint where they produced coins devoid of the king's portrait and melted down English money to create their own currencies.

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One prominent method was revisiting traditional literary forms, film styles, and art-making techniques.The correct answer is option A.

They sought to break away from established norms and experiment with innovative approaches to convey their ideas. This artistic exploration led to the emergence of movements such as the Beat Generation and the New Hollywood.

Furthermore, these creative individuals labeled mass media as a tool of the system and promoted new forms of communication (Option B). They recognized the potential for media manipulation and sought to counter it by exploring alternative channels of expression.

Underground newspapers, experimental films, and countercultural magazines became platforms to challenge mainstream narratives and foster dissenting voices.

While not shunning traditional American institutions entirely, many artists and intellectuals questioned and criticized them (Option C). They called for educational reforms and challenged the hierarchical structure of universities, advocating for more inclusive and accessible forms of learning.

Finally, grappling with difficult political issues played a significant role (Option D). American artists, writers, and filmmakers addressed racial discrimination, advocating for civil rights and portraying the experiences of marginalized communities.

They also engaged with the challenges of the Cold War era, questioning the government's policies and highlighting the anxieties of the time.

By employing these strategies, American artists, writers, and filmmakers of the 1960s effectively challenged conformity and contributed to a cultural and social transformation that continues to influence artistic expression today.

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The mujahideen received US support primarily because they were fighting against the communist regime in Afghanistan, not necessarily because they aligned with American ideals.

The correct answer is option d. The mujahideen were trying to overthrow the communists. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a global ideological struggle. The Soviet Union had invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to support the communist government, and the mujahideen emerged as a resistance force fighting against Soviet occupation. The United States saw an opportunity to undermine Soviet influence and backed the mujahideen with financial, military, and intelligence support. Although the mujahideen's objectives and ideologies might have differed from American ideals, the US support was primarily driven by the desire to counter Soviet expansion and maintain influence in the region. It was a strategic decision aimed at protecting American interests rather than a reflection of ideological alignment with the mujahideen.

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Despite ideological differences, the US supported the mujahideen to counter Soviet influence during the Cold War. However, this caused later complications when the Taliban, one of the groups within the mujahideen, harbored Osama bin Laden who masterminded the 9/11 attacks.

The reason the mujahideen received US support even though they were against some American ideals is mainly due to geopolitical considerations during the Cold War. The US sought to curb the influence of its main rival, the Soviet Union, in various regions across the world. Afghanistan was such a region where the Soviets had installed a sympathetic government. The mujahideen, a grouping of Islamic guerillas, were actively opposing the pro-Soviet Afghan government and thus, in order to counter the Soviet influence, the US backed the mujahideen.

Furthermore, the Taliban, a group within the mujahideen, also received support from the US. President Jimmy Carter protested the Soviet incursion and imposed economic sanctions whilst arming the Islamist enemies of the pro-Soviet Afghan regime.  Although the mujahideen and the Taliban received US support, this does not mean that they shared American ideals. The main motive of US support was to undermine the Soviet influence in the region.

Ironically, following the withdrawal of the Soviets, various groups of mujahideen battled for control of Afghanistan, with the Taliban eventually emerging victorious. However, the United States later came into conflict with the Taliban due to their harboring of Osama bin Laden, the mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

In exchange for paying taxes to support the armies of the nation-states, the mercantile classes induced governments to enact policies that would protect their business interests against foreign competition

C option is correct

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