Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment.
The three steps that are required for DNA replication are initiation, elongation and termination.
What is DNA replication ?The process in which DNA of a cell under go duplication to produce two copies during S-phase of cell cycle called as DNA replication.
It involves 3 steps such as initiation step where the origin of replication of DNA molecule undergo unwinding into two DNA strands.
An incomplete unzipping by forming replication fork is created is catalyzed by the helicase enzyme.
Secondly in elongation step the DNA polymerase enzymes make the complementary sequence against each parent template strand.
It is an unidirectional, one strand which is synthesized in a continuous manner called leading strand, the strand which is synthesized in a discontinuous manner called lagging strand with Okazaki fragments.
Termination occurs in the last step, when the parent molecule has been completely replicated.
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A microbiologist identifies a bacterium that is capable of degrading cellulose, lignin, chitin, latex, aromatic chemicals, and keratin. It produces metabolic byproducts that give soil a musty smell as well as some that can be used as antibiotics. Which of the following genera is being described?
a. Campylobacter.
b. Streptomyces.
c. Neisseria.
d. Pseudomonas.
why renin is found more in case of babies
can someone answer it
Answer:
newborn infants. Bioassayable andimmunoassayable renin activities were elevated during the first six days after delivery. At 3 to 6 weeks of age, although elevated above that in adult control subjects, renin activity was lower than in the first postnatal week. Cord blood renin values were greater than those for maternal renin during labor. Renin substrate concentration was elevated in infants less than six days of age and also in 3- to 6-week-old infants. The enhanced activity of the renin-angiotensin system may contribute to the increased renal vascular resistance and the altered renal hemodynamics that occur in the newborn infant.
Answer:
It's the same so don't complain OK it is correct so don't worry about it as much ok
Look at the picture below.
What macromolecules make up most of the structure that is shown?
Answer:
there is not a picture ....................
Answer:
B: Lipids
Explanation:
cause
PLEASE HELP 100 POINTS AND BRAINLY!!
Answer:
1.prophase
2. metaphase
3.anaphase
4.telophase
Explanation:
Had the same question a quiz i took
at what point during meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up?
Answer:
Prophase 1
Explanation:
In prophase 1, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange sections of DNA in a process called crossing over.
In regular alcohol consumers, lipids get accumulated in the liver and are stored as small droplets in liver cells and this condition is known as ________.
Answer:
Fatty Liver
Explanation:
how do you use fossils to see change
Fossils help show use how the earth looked like millions of years ago, Plant fossils show use what the wild life would have ate and the nutrients they had. it also helps show the bone structure of animals helping us create an actually picture of the past.
- can I have brainlist please
26. predict the elect of the loss of forests on cellular respiration in other organisms
How can we preserve animal resources
Explanation:
Top 10 ways to save wildlife
Adopt. From wild animals to wild places, there's an option for everyone. ...
Volunteer. If you don't have money to give, donate your time. ...
Visit. Zoos, aquariums, national parks and wildlife refuges are all home to wild animals. ...
Donate. ...
Speak Up. ...
Buy Responsibly. ...
Pitch In. ...
PLEASEEE HELP!! Ill mark brainlist
How/why does the DNA separate?
Discuss porosity or pores, electricity, DNAS charge & size of DNA pieces. Highlight all the 4 terms
Electrophoresis is a technique commonly used in the lab to separate charged molecules, like DNA, according to size.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique commonly used in laboratories to separate charged molecules like DNA?, RNA? and proteins? according to their size.
Charged molecules move through a gel when an electric current is passed across it.
An electric current is applied across the gel so that one end of the gel has a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge.
The movement of charged molecules is called migration. Molecules migrate towards the opposite charge. A molecule with a negative charge will therefore be pulled towards the positive end (opposites attract!).
The gel consists of a permeable matrix, a bit like a sieve, through which molecules can travel when an electric current is passed across it.
Smaller molecules migrate through the gel more quickly and therefore travel further than larger fragments that migrate more slowly and therefore will travel a shorter distance. As a result the molecules are separated by size.
Gel electrophoresis and DNA
Electrophoresis enables you to distinguish DNA fragments of different lengths.
DNA is negatively charged, therefore, when an electric current is applied to the gel, DNA will migrate towards the positively charged electrode.
Shorter strands of DNA move more quickly through the gel than longer strands resulting in the fragments being arranged in order of size.
The use of dyes, fluorescent? tags or radioactive? labels enables the DNA on the gel to be seen after they have been separated. They will appear as bands on the gel.
A DNA marker with fragments of known lengths is usually run through the gel at the same time as the samples.
By comparing the bands of the DNA samples with those from the DNA marker, you can work out the approximate length of the DNA fragments in the samples.
How is gel electrophoresis carried out?
Preparing the gel
Agarose gels? are typically used to visualise fragments of DNA. The concentration of agarose used to make the gel depends on the size of the DNA fragments you are working with.
The higher the agarose concentration, the denser the matrix and vice versa. Smaller fragments of DNA are separated on higher concentrations of agarose whilst larger molecules require a lower concentration of agarose.
To make a gel, agarose powder is mixed with an electrophoresis buffer and heated to a high temperature until all of the agarose powder has melted.
The molten gel is then poured into a gel casting tray and a “comb” is placed at one end to make wells for the sample to be pipetted into.
Once the gel has cooled and solidified (it will now be opaque rather than clear) the comb is removed.
Many people now use pre-made gels.
The gel is then placed into an electrophoresis tank and electrophoresis buffer is poured into the tank until the surface of the gel is covered. The buffer conducts the electric current. The type of buffer used depends on the approximate size of the DNA fragments in the sample.
Preparing the DNA for electrophoresis
A dye is added to the sample of DNA prior to electrophoresis to increase the viscosity of the sample which will prevent it from floating out of the wells and so that the migration of the sample through the gel can be seen.
A DNA marker (also known as a size standard or a DNA ladder) is loaded into the first well of the gel. The fragments in the marker are of a known length so can be used to help approximate the size of the fragments in the samples.
The prepared DNA samples are then pipetted into the remaining wells of the gel.
When this is done the lid is placed on the electrophoresis tank making sure that the orientation of the gel and positive and negative electrodes is correct (we want the DNA to migrate across the gel to the positive end).
Separating the fragments
The electrical current is then turned on so that the negatively charged DNA moves through the gel towards the positive side of the gel.
Shorter lengths of DNA move faster than longer lengths so move further in the time the current is run.
The distance the DNA has migrated in the gel can be judged visually by monitoring the migration of the loading buffer dye.
The electrical current is left on long enough to ensure that the DNA fragments move far enough across the gel to separate them, but not so long that they run off the end of the gel.
Illustration of DNA electrophoresis equipment used to separate DNA fragments by size. A gel sits within a tank of buffer. The DNA samples are placed in wells at one end of the gel and an electrical current passed across the gel. The negatively-charged DNA moves towards the postive electrode. Image credit: Genome Research Limited
tank.
How does the mantle differ from Earth’s crust?
Im doing stemscopess HELPPP.
This layered structure can be compared to that of a boiled egg. The crust, the outermost layer, is rigid and very thin compared with the other two. ... The mantle, which contains more iron, magnesium, and calcium than the crust, is hotter and denser because temperature and pressure inside the Earth increase with depth.
which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a dna strand
Which of the following statements is true about chromosomes in multicellular organisms?
Choose 1 answer:
A) a chromosome contains numerous DNA molecules.
B) Chromosomes are located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.
C) Each chromosome contains a large number of genes.
Answer:
Im not sure but c?
Answer:
The answer is c :)
What is a group of similar cells that perform the same function?
A. a tissue
B. an organelle
C. an organ system
D. a multicellular organism
Answer:
The answer is A. a tissue
Explanation:
Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function. An organ is a structure that is composed of at least two or more tissue types and performs a specific set of functions for the body.
What is the citric acid cycle.
Answer:
Citric acid cycle also known as the Krebs cycle, is the second stage of the three-stage process by which living cells break down organic fuel molecules in the presence of oxygen to harvest the energy they need to grow and divide.
the part of the diencephalon that is in the anterior and inferior region of the diencephalon is the
Answer:
hypothalamus
The part of the diencephalon that is in the anterior and inferior region of the diencephalon is the Hypothalamus.
What is Hypothalamus?The hypothalamus exists a portion of the brain that includes a numeral of small nuclei with a combination of functions. One of the most important operations of the hypothalamus exists to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus exists discovered below the thalamus and exists as part of the limbic system. The terminology of neuroanatomy, includes the ventral part of the diencephalon. All vertebrate brains include a hypothalamus. In humans, it stands the size of an almond.
The hypothalamus stands answerable for the regulation of specific metabolic functions and other actions of the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, named releasing hormones or hypothalamic hormones, and these, in turn, promote or inhibit the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus influences body temperature, hunger, important aspects of parenting and affection manners, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.
Hence, The part of the diencephalon that is in the anterior and inferior region of the diencephalon is the Hypothalamus.
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green and yellow wavelengths of light are not useful to most plants.
The statement that green and yellow wavelengths of light are not useful to most plants is incorrect. In fact, green and yellow wavelengths of light are essential for plant growth and photosynthesis.
Plants primarily capture light energy for photosynthesis using specialized pigments called chlorophylls, which are most efficient at absorbing light in the red and blue regions of the spectrum. As a result, the green wavelengths of light are reflected rather than absorbed by chlorophyll, giving plants their characteristic green color.
While it is true that green light is less absorbed by chlorophyll compared to other wavelengths, it still plays a vital role in photosynthesis. Green light is still partially absorbed and contributes to energy transfer within the plant, helping drive the photosynthetic process.
Moreover, certain types of plants, such as shade-tolerant plants or plants adapted to low-light conditions, have chlorophyll pigments that are more efficient in capturing green and yellow wavelengths of light. These plants can utilize a broader range of light wavelengths for photosynthesis, including green and yellow light.
Therefore, green and yellow wavelengths of light are indeed useful to most plants. While red and blue light are more efficiently absorbed, green and yellow light still contribute to the energy needs of plants and play a role in photosynthesis.
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how long do monoclonal antibodies stay in your system
Answer:
They are effective for a month and gone after 6 months. not sure if that's an answer choice but that's what I got.
Explanation:
a single base deletion within the open reading frame of a gene’s dna sequence can result in ____________.
Answer:
Replacement of multiple correct amino acids with alternative acids
Explanation:
Replacement of multiple correct amino acids with alternative acids
Vocabulary Review and Reinforcement
In 1-13, study the diagram. Then fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from
the chapter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
*I NEED ANSWERS ASAP*
The cell in the diagram is a plant cell because it has chloroplasts and a cell wall.
There are two types of cells animal cells, which are the ones that humans and animals have, and plant cells, which are the ones that plants and trees have. They share some organelles, but they also have some that are specific to each type.
The plant cell parts in the picture are:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: it is where the ribosomes are. The synthesis of proteins happens there.Chloroplast: it is an organelle-specific of plant cells. They are in charge of photosynthesis.Cell wall: it is only present in plant cells. It surrounds the membrane.Mitochondria: It is the place that generates the energy that the cell needs.Vacuole: they are bigger in cell plants than in animal plants. It has many functions, but one is to store water.Membrane: it draws the limits of the cell.Golgi Apparatus: it is the place where proteins go to be distributed.Nucleus: it contains DNA, and it has a membrane around it.The nucleolus: is the larger part of the nucleus. It is in contact with the endoplasmic reticulum.To sum up, the plant cell has a bigger vacuole than the animal cell; it also has chloroplasts and a cell wall, which are not present in the animal cell.
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3) When two atoms bond chemically it is because of the interaction between
A) the nuclei of each atom.
B) the protons in each atoms.
C) all electrons in the atoms.
D) the valence electrons in each atom
Answer:
C - All electrons in the atoms
Explanation:
It depends on the bonding for an explanation.
If one atom is a metal and one is a non metal it will be ionic. This is because one atom transfers its electron to the other atom giving them both a charge. They will then be bonded due to opposite forces of attraction.
If both atoms are non metals it will be covalent. Electrons pair together in the center of two atoms that have merged together and they share their electrons.
(Makes more sense with diagrams)
Hope this helps you!
A person wakes up at the same time every day and always feels hungry shortly after he wakes up. These two events would correspond with the
a. pineal gland controlling calcitonin, followed by thyroid gland controlling thyroid hormone
b. pineal gland controlling melatonin, followed by thyroid gland controlling thyroid hormone
c. pineal gland controlling melatonin, followed by parathyroid gland controlling thyroid hormone
d. pineal gland controlling melatonin, followed by thyroid gland controlling parathyroid hormone
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The purpose of transcription is
a. to make a strand of messenger RNA.
b. to make two copies of the DNA molecule.
c. to line up amino acids to form protein molecules.
d. to allow the cell to grow.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
I'm pretty sure I took this quiz in K12.
what evidence can be cited from the fossils to reconstruct climate change over time?
Answer: When studying the museum’s collection of plant fossils for information about the climate, Wing and Barclay start with plant leaves.
Roughly 56 million years ago, during a time called the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), Earth’s average temperature rose four to eight degrees Celsius in less than 10,000 years. The cause was geologic processes releasing trillions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The dramatic shift in global climate forced massive upheaval in ecosystems around the world.
“It’s the best analogue for the climate change we’re experiencing today,” Barclay said.
Fossil plants and their leaves from the PETM show that ecosystems shifted massively because of the rapid increase in global temperature. But global warming during the PETM did not come from humans. So, scientists today are working on ways to extrapolate information from that period and apply it to the even faster and more drastic events of today.
which protist is not correctly linked to the type of movement it shows?
Answer:
Sporozoa-flexing the pellicle
Explanation:
Sporozoa do not have flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia and they show gliding movement, amoeboids show movement by pseudopodia, ciliates by cilia and zooflagellates show by flagella, the pellicle is shown by paramecium.
So, the correct option is 'Sporozoa-flexing the pellicle'.
b Explain why animals need plant biomass.
Answer:
its in the type of nutrience they have
Explanation:
Answer:
Plants provide oxygen so are vital to animals in order to survive. Many insects use plants to place their eggs: insects. Or even to protect themselves from the sun. Animals obtain part of their water intake through plants.
Explanation:
hope it helps
During hibernation, bears do not eat for 5 to 6 months in a row. How can the bear stay alive without eating for this long?
Answer:
Fat.
Explanation:
Bears have to survive on the fat. That is why they will eat so much to hibernate through the winter. If they don't have enough fat they wake up.
I hope this helps you
Which of the following best explains what will happen if the blood gets too cold? A) It will have a high viscosity and increased resistance. B) It will have a low viscosity and increased resistance. C) It will cause low blood pH and decrease resistance. D) It will change the shape of blood cells and decrease resistance.
It will have a high viscosity and increased resistance.
Effect of temperature on bloodLow temperatures cause narrowing of blood vessels and arteries which leads to restricting blood flow and reducing oxygen to the heart.
Our heart must pump harder to circulate blood through the blood vessels which results in increasing of our blood pressure and heart rate.
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Answer:
The correct answer is A
Explanation:
i got it correct on my flvs exam
Which model correctly explains the meaning of 3’ and 5’ in nucleic acids?.
Answer:
5' carbon is bonded to the phosphate group and the 3' carbon is bonded to an OH group.
The 5' carbon is bonded to the phosphate group and the 3' carbon is bonded to an OH group.
Which component of DNA determines the 3 and 5 ends of the strands?As new nucleotides are added to a strand of DNA or RNA, the strand grows at its 3' end, with the 5′ phosphate of an incoming nucleotide attaching to the hydroxyl group at the 3' end of the chain.
How are nucleotides linked together 5 to 3?DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides that are linked to one another in a chain by chemical bonds, called ester bonds.
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What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis? View Available Hint(s) for Part A The sister chromatids must be separated. The nuclear envelope must
Answer:
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis? The chromosomes must be duplicated, which occurs during interphase.
Explanation:
