The increasing effective nuclear charge is what causes the tendency towards smaller atomic radii as one advances to the right in a period.
Effective nuclear charge: What is it?Effective nuclear charge is the term for the positive charge that nuclear protons exhibit when they interact with valence electrons.. The effective nuclear charge is always less than the total number of protons in a nucleus because of the shielding effect.
What factors affect effective nuclear charge?The kind of electron determines the effective nuclear charge. Even electrons in 4s and 5s s orbitals spend some time near the nucleus, where they experience the full nuclear charge. As a result, on average, s electrons experience a nuclear charge that is closer to the true nuclear charge.
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Which option shows a correctly balanced chemical equation?
(1 point)
O. H₂SO4 + 8HI H₂S+ 412 + 4H₂O
O. 2H₂SO4 + 2HI → 2H₂S + 12 + 4H₂O
O. H₂SO4 + HI-→ H₂S + 12 + H₂O
H₂SO4 + 8HI
O. H₂S + 812 + 4H₂O
The balanced equation among the following is H2SO4 + 8HI -----> H2S +4I2 + 4H2O.
What is balanced equation?
A balanced equation is the equation in which both the reactants and products side will have equal number of atoms or ions. It helps us to count the number of moles of reactants and products involved in the reactions. The charges on both the sides need to be equal as well.
In the first option, 1 mole of sulfuric acid is reacting with 8 moles of hydrogen iodide to give 1 mole of hydrogen sulfide, 4 moles of iodine and 4 moles of water making it balanced equation on both reactant and product side.
Therefore, the first option is balanced equation on both the sides that is reactants and products as H2SO4 + 8HI -----> H2S +4I2 + 4H2O.
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Answer: H2SO4 + 8HI -----> H2S +4I2 + 4H2O.
Explanation:
i just took it
When a solution of 0.10 M of AgNO3 is added to 50.0 ml of a CaCl2 solution of unknown concentration, 2.073 g of AgCl precipitates. Assuming 100% yield, what is was the concentration of the CaCl2 solution
Answer:
Explanation:
Equation for the reaction ;
AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3
Since AgNO3 is taken in excess, the limiting reactant/agent here is HCl.
Concentration (molarity) of HCl = 0.110 M
Amount of HCl in 1 litre (1000 mL) solution = 0.110 mol
Amount of HCl in 50 mL = (0.110 x 50)/1000 = 0.0055 mol
As per the reaction equation, the consumption of HCl and the formation of AgCl are in the molar ratio 1 : 1.
Moles of AgCl formed = moles of HCl used = 0.0055
Molar mass of AgCl = 107.8 + 35.5 = 143.3 g/mol
Explain how bright-line emission spectra could be used to perhaps identify which atoms are present in an unknown gas sample
Since each element has a distinct range of energy levels, the lines in an emission spectrum will be bright while those in an absorption spectrum would be dark. This makes spectra useful for identifying the various elements in a sample.
How can atomic spectra be used to identify elements?A tip: Atomic emission spectra depict electrons returning to lower energy levels within an atom. Because of the nature of quantum physics, only particular discrete energies are capable of being absorbed and emitted by electrons. Each element's electron orbitals are arranged in a particular way.Complete answer: In atomic spectroscopy, electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed and emitted by atoms is investigated. Since distinctive elements have distinctive spectra, atomic spectroscopy—more precisely, the electromagnetic spectrum or mass spectrum—is used to ascertain the makeup of the elements. Each element's energy level is distinct due to the fact that each one's nucleus contains a different amount of protons. Since each element has a distinct range of energy levels, the spectra can be used to identify the various elements in a sample. In emission spectra, bright lines that correspond to the difference in the energy levels of the elements will appear, but in absorption spectra, the lines will be dark.To Learn more About emission spectrum refer to :
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How many grams of solute are present in 835 mL of 0.390 M KBr?
The grams solutes ini 835 mL of 0.390 M KBr is 38.75 g.
The grams can be calculated as follows:
The first you should calculate the molar
Times the molar of KBr by its valume to get moles
n = Molar x volume
n = 0.390 M x 0.835L
n = 0.32565 moles
thus, you should calculate molar mass so you can calculate the gram
Mass of potasium = 39.10 g/mol
Mass of Bromine = 79.904 g/mol
mass molar = 39.1 g/mol+79.9 g/mol = 119 g/mol
The next step is calculate the gram by time the moles to its mass molar
gram = n x mass molar
gram = 0.32565 moles x 119 g/mol= 38.75 g.
so, The grams solutes ini 835 mL of 0.390 M KBr is 38.75 g.
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complete the sentence
fe(oh)2 doesn't react with .....
Fe(OH)2 doesn't react with water. Fe(OH)2 is said to have a solubility constant that ranges from 8x10-16 to 2x10-15.
Fe(OH)2 is significantly more soluble than Fe(OH)3, which has a solubility constant in the range of 10-38.
Fe(OH)2 is incredibly insoluble when compared to NaCl (Ksp of roughly 4x101!!! ).
Consequently, perspective is key.
The aqueous solution numbers are in the morning. In the early history of the earth (the "oxygen catastrophe"), the numbers for Fe(II) and Fe(III) were extremely important.
They shouldn't be directly compared because the three solubility products have different dimensions (officially, Fe(OH)3 splits into four ions, Fe(OH)2 splits into three, and NaCl splits into two). However, because of how far apart they are, the morning conclusions remain valid.
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Which name best describes an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction involving the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with the oxidation of a second molecule of hydrogen peroxide?.
Catalase best describes an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction involving the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with the oxidation of the second molecule of hydrogen peroxide.
Catalase is a common enzyme determined in almost all dwelling organisms exposed to oxygen (consisting of microorganisms, vegetation, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. it's by far a totally crucial enzyme in defending the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
An enzyme is an organic catalyst and is sort of usually a protein. It quickens the fee of a selected chemical reaction within the cellular. The enzyme isn't destroyed at some stage in the reaction and is used again and again. Enzymes are categorized into six classes consistent with the form of reaction catalyzed: Oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, ligases, and isomerases.
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How many moles of Al are
necessary to form 78.4 g of AlBr3
from this reaction: 2 Al(s) + 3 Br₂ (1)
→ 2 AlBr3?
0.085 moles of Al are required to form 23.6 g of AlBr₃.
Solution:
2 Al(s) + 3 Br₂ (1) → 2 AlBr3?
23.6 x [tex]\frac{1mol}{266.69g} = 0.885mol[/tex]
The molar ratio of Al to AlBr 3 is as follows. is 2:2. The amount required to form 0.0885 moles of AlBr 3 is 0.0885 moles. The molar Al required is:
[tex]0.885molAlbr_{3} * \frac{2ol Al}{2molAlbr_{3}} = 0.085molAl[/tex]
0.085 moles of Al are required to form 23.6 g of AlBr₃.
Aluminum bromide is formed by a redox reaction in which aluminum is reduced and bromine is oxidized. The product of this reaction is the neutrally charged ion AlBr3. Aluminum chloride is a neutral ionic compound consisting of aluminum ions and chloride ions. The total charge of aluminum chloride is zero. Aluminum chloride is covalent because the aluminum ion has a high charge density and the chloride ion is relatively polarizable.
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Q4.
A chemical is soluble in water but insoluble in benzene. As a consequence, benzene
may be used to determine its density. The density of benzene is 0.879/g/L. Calculate the
density of the sample.
(a) Weight of empty flask
(b) Weight of flask + sample
(c) Weight of flask + sample + benzene to fill
(d) Weight of flask + benzene (without sample)
Calculate the percentage error in the density of the sample.
8.862 +0.002 g
10.986 ± 0.002 g
30.086 +0.002 g
29.172 0.002 g
Answer:
c 8id
Explanation:
2) What mass of iron starting at 100.0 oC must be added to 50.0 g of water at 25.0 oC to increase the water’s temperature to 65.0 oC? Iron’s specific heat capacity is 0.450 J/(g oC).
Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, the mass of iron that must be added is 531.556 grams.
CalorimetryCalorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.
When heat added or removed from a substance causes a temperature change in it without affecting its molecular structure, it is called sensible heat.
So, the equation that allows to calculate heat exchanges is:
Q = c× m× ΔT
where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.
Mass of ironIn this case, you know:
For iron:Mass of iron= ?Initial temperature of iron= 100 °CFinal temperature of iron= 65 ºCSpecific heat of iron = 0.450 J/(g°C)For water:Mass of water = 50 gInitial temperature of water= 25 ºCFinal temperature of water= 65 ºCSpecific heat of water = 4.186 J/(g°C)Replacing in the expression to calculate heat exchanges:
For iron: Qiron= 0.450 J/(g°C) × mass of iron× (65 °C - 100 °C)
For water: Qwater= 4.186 J/(g°C) × 50 g× (65 °C - 25 °C)
If two isolated bodies or systems exchange energy in the form of heat, the quantity received by one of them is equal to the quantity transferred by the other body. That is, the total energy exchanged remains constant, it is conserved.
Then, the heat that the gold gives up will be equal to the heat that the water receives. Therefore:
- Qiron = + Qwater
- 0.450 J/(g°C) × mass of iron× (65 °C - 100 °C)= 4.186 J/(g°C) × 50 g× (65 °C - 25 °C)
Solving:
15.75 J/g × mass of iron= 8372 J
mass of iron= 8372 J÷ 15.75 J/g
mass of iron= 531.556 grams
Finally, the mass of iron necessary is 531.556 grams.
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If you mix 30 mL of cold water with 70 mL of hot water in a calorimeter, and the temperature of the cold water increases by 1.9°C, then how much heat (in joules) did the cold water absorb (only enter the number, not units, and assume the density of water to be 1.00g/mL, and the specific heat capacity of water to be 4.184 J/g-°C)?
70 mL of hot water are required. Increase in the temperature of the cold water, where water's specific heat capacity is 4.184 J/g and its density is 1.00 g/mL. Here, the mass of the cold water is equal to 30 mL times the density of one gram per milliliter, or 30g.
What is a calorimeter used for?A instrument is a machine that calculates how much heat is generated during a physical or chemical process. For instance, when an exergonic reaction takes place in solutions in a measuring device, the solution absorbs the heat created by the process, raising its temperature.
The calorimeter is used where?To gauge a body's temperature fluctuations, a calorimeter is utilized. Calculating enthalpy, stability, heat capacity, and other thermochemical quantities often involves the use of calorimetry.
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A certain sample of element Z contains 60% of 69Z and 40% of 71Z. What is the relative atomic mass of element Z in this sample?
Answer:
The relative atomic mass of element Z in this sample is 70.
Explanation:
The relative atomic mass of element Z in this sample is 69.6.
The volume of a sample of hydrogen gas was decreased from 10.84 L to 4.13 L at constant temperature. If the final pressure exerted by the hydrogen gas sample was 9.67 atm, what pressure did the hydrogen gas exert before its volume was decreased?
The pressure of hydrogen gas exert before its volume was decreased is equal to 3.68 atm.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle’s law states that the pressure exerted by a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by it when the temperature of the gas remains constant.
The pressure (P) and volume (V) have an inverse relationship to each other as long as the temperature is kept constant.
P ∝ 1/V
or
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ ................(1)
Given, the final pressure of the hydrogen gas, P₂ = 9.67 atm
The initial volume of the hydrogen gas, V₁ = 10.84 L
The final volume of the hydrogen gas, V₂ = 4.13 L
Substitute volume and pressure in equation (1) to get the initial pressure:
P₁ × (10.84 L) = (9.67 atm) × 4.13
P₁ = 3.68 atm
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A 25. 0 ml sample of 0. 150 m hydrofluoric acid is titrated with a 0. 150 m naoh solution. What is the ph at the equivalence point? the ka of hydrofluoric acid is 3. 5 × 10-4.
Answer:
............
.............................
A sample solution containing sulfate ions (SO42-) was analyzed and was found to contain 5 mol of sulfate ions (SO42-).
Calculate the equivalent of sulfate ions (SO42-) present in the solution.
Equivalent of sulfate ions = 4.00 EqSO4^2−
1) equivalent weight of sulphate = 96.0636/2
= 48.0328 g/equivalent
2) 2 mol will have a weight of = 2*96.0636 = 192.1272 g
3) so the equivalent of sulphate = 192.1272/48.0328
= 3.999, round it up to 4.00
How come sulphate is SO42?Sulfur and oxygen atoms make up the majority of the sulphate ion's mass. Four oxygen atoms that are placed at equal intervals around the centre sulphur atom in this structure. In terms of bonding, two oxygen atoms make S=O bonds, while the other two form S-O bonds.
Two double bonds and two single bonds with O make up the more stable structure of SO42-, however the single bonds have a formal charge of -1.
An insoluble precipitate of BaSO4 forms when aqueous barium chloride is introduced to an acidified solution containing sulphate ions. This precipitate, which is white in colour, proves that sulphate is present.
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how does a phosphorus atom become a phosphide ion with a 3- charge? why is your answer correct?
Ions can be made by single element or covalently bonded group of elements. The covalently bonded group of elements is called polyatomic ions or polyatomic atoms. Therefore, to become P³⁻, phosphorous has to gain 3 electrons in its p orbital.
What is Ions?Any species that contain charge whether it is positive charge or negative charge is called ions. The example of polyatomic ions are sulfate, phosphate, nitrate etc.
Cation is the species that loose electron and attain positive charge while anion is a species which gain electron and attains negative charge so when anion and cation combine in fixed ration the the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral, the charge over cation and anion is also called oxidation state.
The electronic configuration of phosphorous is Ne 3s² 3p³. To become P³⁻. Phosphorous has to gain 3 electrons in its p orbital.
Therefore, to become P³⁻, phosphorous has to gain 3 electrons in its p orbital.
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Why should you never shake a test tube containing reagents by covering its mouth with a finger?
The reagents in a test tube should never be shaken by keeping a finger on its mouth because, you would contaminate the other reagents when same finger is used for other test tubes. Instead you can use a shaker in the laboratory.
What is a shaker in laboratory?
Shaker is a laboratory equipment which can be used to blend, mix or agitate samples in the tube. There are different types like vortex shaker, orbital shaker, platform shaker and incubator shaker.
The samples in the test tubes can easily get contaminated when it is shaken with a finger. Also, if you are sensitive to some chemicals your hands can burn or may cause irritation if shaker is not being used in shaking.
Therefore, shaker is a better option to mix the reagents in a test tube than shaking the test tube by closing its mouth with a finger.
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Why would this path of neurons not work to perform a reflex?
Select all that apply.
the motor neuron should be the interneuron
the motor neuron should be the sensory neuron
the sensory neuron should be the interneuron
the interneuron should be the motor neuron
The motor neuron should be the interneuron and the motor neuron should be the interneuron
What does a neuron primarily serve?A specialized cell created to send information to certain other nerve cells, muscle cells, or gland cells, the neuron is the basic functional unit of the brain. Within the neurological system, neurons are cells that communicate with other nerve, muscle, and gland cells.
How is a neuron constructed?One axon, dendrites, and the cell body (soma) make up a normal neuron. Axons & dendrites are filaments that protrude from the soma, which is a tightly packed structure. A few hundred micrometers from of the soma, dendrites often branch out widely.
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8. At STP, 4.00 L of a pure gaseous substance has a mass of 10.0 grams. The molecular weight of this substance is?
At STP, 4.00 L of a pure gaseous substance has a mass of 10.0 grams. The molecular weight of this substance is is 56 g/mol.
The ideal gas equation is here:
P V = n RT
where,
P = pressure = 1 atm
V = volume = 4 L
R = 0.082 L atm /K mol
T = temperature = 273 K
n = (1 × 4 ) / (0.082 × 273)
n = 0.178 mol
mass = 10 g
molecular weight = moles / mass
= 10 / 0.178
= 56 g/mol
Thus, At STP, 4.00 L of a pure gaseous substance has a mass of 10.0 grams. The molecular weight of this substance is is 56 g/mol.
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Use the van der Waals equation of state to calculate the pressure of 2.10 mol of Cl2 at 493 K in a 4.60 L vessel. Use this list of van der Waals constants.
=
Use the ideal gas equation to calculate the pressure under the same conditions.
=
atm
This refers to an equation that shows the relationship between, temperature, volume, pressure, and amount of real gases. For real gases having a number of moles.
{P + [tex]\frac{an^{2} }{v}[/tex]} *{v-nb} = nRT
From the question,Pressure,P
Vander Waals costants a and b
For Chlorine;
a= 6.579
b= 0.05622
Volume ,v = 4.60 L
Universal gas constant, R= 8.314
Absolute temperature, T= 493 K
Calculating Pressure using van der Waals constants:{P + [tex]\frac{an^{2} }{v}[/tex]} *{v-nb} = nRT
P =[tex]\frac{nRT }{V-nb}[/tex] - [tex]\frac{an^{2} }{V^{2} }[/tex]
P =[tex]\frac{ (2.10*8.314*493) }{4.60-2.10*0.05622}[/tex] - [tex]\frac{6.579 *2.10^{2} }{4.60^{2} }[/tex]
P = 18.72 - 1.37
P = 17.35atm
Calculating Pressure using ideal gas equation:P = [tex]\frac{ nRT}{v}[/tex]
P =[tex]\frac{2.10*8.314 *493 *4.60}{4.60}[/tex]
= 1,871.2 atm
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Juno, Melissa, and Anna have skateboards that are the same mass. They were playing with their skateboards on a flat street when another skateboard came along and bumped their skateboards, but not from the same direction. Each skateboard changed speed as a result of being bumped. Use the information in the diagram to answer. Which skateboard(s) experienced the strongest force when bumped? How do you know?
Answer:The green skateboard experienced the strongest force because it changed speed the most.
Explanation:
For 8.68×10−3 M LiOH, determine [OH−] and [H3O+].
Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, for 8.68×10⁻³ M LiOH, the [OH⁻] is 8.68×10⁻³ M and the [H₃O⁺] is 1.148×10⁻¹² M.
Definition of pHpH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:
pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]
Definition of pOHSimilarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:
pOH= - log [OH⁻]
Relationship between pH and pOHThe following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:
pOH + pH= 14
Definition of strong baseA strong base is a base that completely dissociates in aqueous solution. That is, in the ionization process they are completely transformed into cations or positive ions and into anions or negative ions, all concentrations being equal.
[H₃O⁺] and [OH⁻] in this caseLiOH is a strong base, so [LiOH]=[OH⁻]= 8.68×10⁻³ M
Replacing in the definition of pOH:
pOH= - log 8.68×10⁻³ M
Solving
pOH= 2.06
So, pH is calculated as:
pH + 2.06= 14
pH= 14 - 2.06
pH= 11.94
Replacing this value in the definition of the pH:
- log [H₃O⁺]= 11.94
Solving:
[H₃O⁺]= [tex]10^{-11.94}[/tex]
[H₃O⁺]= 1.148×10⁻¹² M
In summary, the [OH⁻] is 8.68×10⁻³ M and the [H₃O⁺] is 1.148×10⁻¹² M.
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PLEASE HELP ITS A TEST QUESTION!!!! The particles that make up gases are close or apart from each other?
A vessel contains 2.00 mol of He, 4.50 mol of Kr, and 0.50 mol of N2 gases. If the partial pressure of He is 0.120 atm, what is the total pressure inside the vessel?
Considering the Dalton's partial pressure, the total pressure inside the vessel is 0.42 atm.
Dalton's partial pressureDalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone:
[tex]P_{T}[/tex]= P₁ + P₂ + ... + Pₙ
where n is the amount of gases present in the mixture.
This relationship is due to the assumption that there are no attractive forces between the gases.
Dalton's partial pressure law can also be expressed in terms of the mole fraction of the gas in the mixture. So in a mixture of two or more gases, the partial pressure of gas A can be expressed as:
[tex]P_{A}[/tex]=[tex]x_{A}[/tex][tex]P_{T}[/tex]
Total pressure inside the vesselIn this case, you know:
Amount of moles of He= 2 molesAmount of moles of Kr= 4.50 molesAmount of moles of N₂= 0.50 molesTotal amount of moles= Amount of moles of He + Amount of moles of Kr + Amount of moles of N₂= 2 moles + 4.50 moles + 0.50 moles= 7 molesPartial pressure of He= 0.120 atmThe partial pressure of gas He can be expressed as:
[tex]P_{He}[/tex]=[tex]x_{He}[/tex][tex]P_{T}[/tex]
Then, calculate the mole fraction of He as:
[tex]x_{He}[/tex]= Amount of moles of He÷ Total amount of moles
[tex]x_{He}[/tex]= 2 moles÷ 7 moles
[tex]x_{He}[/tex]= 2/7
the total pressure can be calculated as:
0.120 atm= 2/7×[tex]P_{T}[/tex]
0.120 atm÷ 2/7=[tex]P_{T}[/tex]
0.42 atm= [tex]P_{T}[/tex]
Finally, the total pressure is 0.42 atm.
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How many moles are there in 100 grams of NaOH?
Answer: 40 g/mol
Explanation:
what is the electronic transferred number of manganese in acidic medium
2
3
5
7
The electronically transferred number of manganese in an acidic medium is +7.
The oxidation number of the elements involved corresponds to the charge. An ionic bond is formed between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between the atoms. Based on the definition of an acidic medium under acidic conditions.
Amino acids act as bases accepting protons from the amino group and producing a positive charge whereas, under alkaline conditions, amino acids act as acids, donating protons from their carboxyl groups and producing a negative charge. charging. It has a half-filled 3D subshell. Half-filled subshells are more stable than partially-filled subshells. The first energy level has 2 electrons and the second level has 8 electrons.
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What is the correct equation in word form
Mg + AgNO3 ---> MgCI2 + Ag
Magnesium plus silver nitrate yields magnesium chloride and silver
Magnesium reacts with silver nitrate forming manganese chloride and silver
Manganese plus gold nitrate yields manganese chloride and gold
Magnesium reacts with silver nitride to form magnesium chloride and silver
Answer: C
Explanation:
An aqueous solution of sodium phosphate is added to an aqueous solution of strontium chloride. Strontium phosphate is precipitated. What is the net ionic equation
The net ionic equation is;
[tex]2PO_{4} ^{3-} (aq) + 3Sr^{2+} (aq) ----- > Sr_{3} (PO_{4})_{2} (s)[/tex]
What is the net ionic equation?The net ionic equation has to do with the equation that shows the ions that have undergone changes in the system. We know that the first step as we are tying to obtain the net ionic equation must be to write down the molecular equation of the reaction which we have have done here as
;[tex]2Na_{3} PO_{4} (aq) + 3SrCl_{2} (aq) ----- > Sr_{3} (PO_{4})_{2} (s) + 6NaCl(aq)[/tex]
We can see that the ions that had to be changed in the process are the phosphate ion and the phosphate ion. It was the both ions that were combined to obtain the precipitate thus they are more in the solution and they have to appear in our net ionic equation for this reaction.
Thus, in a nut shell, the ions that are going to occur in the net ionic equation are the ions that were combined as we can see to give the precipitate here.
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What happens to the particles when energy is added from a battery
Answer:
When the electrons move from the cathode to the anode, they increase the chemical potential energy, charging the battery when they move the other direction, they convert this chemical potential energy to electricity in the circuit and discharge the battery.
Explanation:
What is the answer to AB → A + B.
Answer: Decomposition reaction
Explanation:
This reaction type is a decomposition reaction. The single compound reactant is "breaking up" into two or more products.
5.Human Medullary Patterns has three types:
1.__________________ regular interruption
2._____________________ medullary canal.
3.____________________ interruption irregular
Forensic
Answer:
Forensic anthropology is the study of human remains in order to solve crimes or to determine the identity of a deceased individual.
Explanation:
