the upanishads are texts that instruct men and women in proper marriage and household rituals. T/F

The frequent theme in Anglo-Saxon literature, such as "The Wanderer" or "The Seafarer," is the sense of loss, exile, and loneliness.

Anglo-Saxon literature, such as the poems cited as illustrations are elegiac in nature and express the distress of the speakers who have misplaced their homes, families, and companions. The speakers in these poems are regularly warriors who have been banished from their lord's court or have misplaced their comrades in fight.

They reflect on the transition of life, the certainty of passing, and the impermanence of natural wonderfulness. The sonnets moreover express the speakers' yearning for a sense of having a place and their explore for a unused character. The elegiac tone and the topics of oust and misfortune are characteristic of Anglo-Saxon poems  and reflect the social and verifiable setting of the period.

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The thesis is typically heard in the introduction of a speech.

The introduction is the opening portion of a speech where the speaker sets the tone, establishes the purpose of the speech, and presents the main idea or argument, which is the thesis. This allows the audience to know what to expect and gives them a clear understanding of what the speech will be about.

In a well-organized speech, the thesis should be clearly stated and easy to identify in the introduction. The speaker may use a variety of techniques to grab the audience's attention and lead up to the thesis statement, but it should ultimately be the focal point of the introduction. From there, the speaker can build on the thesis and support it with evidence and examples throughout the body of the speech.

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The principle that is created when visual elements are repeated and can be regularly alternating or flowing is called rhythm. Rhythm is the repetition or alternation of elements, such as lines, shapes, colors, or textures, in a continuous and regular way. It is one of the most important principles of design because it creates a sense of movement and unity within a composition.

There are several types of rhythm that can be created, including regular rhythm, where the elements are repeated at equal intervals; flowing rhythm, where the elements are repeated in a more organic and irregular way; and progressive rhythm, where the elements change gradually as they repeat. Rhythm can be used in various ways to create different effects, such as creating a sense of stability and order, or a sense of energy and movement.

In graphic design, rhythm can be used to create a visual hierarchy that guides the viewer's eye through the composition. It can also be used to create a sense of balance and harmony between the different elements of the design. Overall, rhythm is a powerful design principle that can help to create a strong and impactful visual message.

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The colossal sculpture of the Aztec mother goddess Coatlicue, also known as the Coatlicue statue, is made of stone. The correct option is D).

The massive stone statue stands as an iconic representation of the Aztec civilization's religious beliefs and mythology. It is a remarkable testament to the artistic skill and cultural significance of the Aztec people.

The Coatlicue statue is carved from a single block of stone, believed to be basalt, which was commonly used by the Aztecs for monumental sculptures. The statue stands at approximately 8 feet tall and depicts the fearsome and awe-inspiring figure of Coatlicue.

The sculpture portrays Coatlicue with multiple symbolic elements, including her skirt made of writhing snakes, symbolizing fertility and the cycle of life and death.

Her hands and feet are adorned with talons, and her necklace is made of human hearts, further emphasizing her association with sacrifice and the divine power of creation and destruction.

Her name translates to "Snakes-Her-Skirt" in Nahuatl, the Aztec language, and she is considered the mother of the gods and goddesses in Aztec mythology.

While gold, silver, and feathers were all highly valued materials in Aztec culture, the Coatlicue statue itself is not made from any of these materials.

In conclusion, the colossal sculpture of the Aztec mother goddess Coatlicue is made of stone. The correct option is D).

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True. A customized carved cedar wood sign for your house is an example of a convenience product (*convenience product*).

Convenience products are those that are relatively inexpensive, frequently purchased, and require little time and effort to buy. They are typically items that consumers buy routinely, often without much thought or comparison shopping, and that are readily available in a variety of retail outlets. Examples of convenience products include snacks, toiletries, cleaning supplies, and other everyday items that people use and consume on a regular basis. A customized carved cedar wood sign for your house, while not as common as these other examples, still fits the definition of a convenience product because it is a relatively low-cost item that can be easily customized and purchased without a great deal of effort.

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In Ayn Rand's novel "Anthem," the World Council fears that the invention of the light box, created by the protagonist Equality 7-2521, will disrupt the established order and hierarchy of their collectivist society.

The light box represents individualism and personal achievement, which contradicts the principles of equality and conformity upheld by the council. They fear that the light box will inspire others to pursue their own interests and break free from the oppressive control of the collective, thus threatening their power and control over the people.

In the dystopian society depicted in "Anthem," individualism is suppressed, and the concept of self is discouraged. The World Council, representing the ruling class, maintains strict control over the lives of its citizens, promoting collectivism and conformity as essential values.

When Equality 7-2521 invents the light box, a device that harnesses electric light, he unknowingly challenges the established order. The light box represents his independent thinking and his pursuit of knowledge and progress, which are considered dangerous in this society. The World Council fears that the introduction of the light box will inspire others to question the authority of the council and seek individual fulfillment.

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The statement is false because the words of a poem, especially when sung, can carry more than just a literal meaning.

Poetry often employs various literary devices, such as metaphors, similes, imagery, and symbolism, which add layers of depth and evoke emotions beyond a straightforward literal interpretation. The musicality, rhythm, and intonation in which a poem is sung can further enhance its expressive qualities and contribute to the overall meaning and impact.

The combination of words, music, and performance in a poem can create a rich and multi-dimensional experience that transcends the literal meaning of the words alone.

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Artists belonging to the Surrealist movement make works inspired by dreams and the subconscious. The Surrealist movement emerged in the early 1920s in Paris and was heavily influenced by the writings of Sigmund Freud, particularly his ideas about the role of the subconscious in human behavior.

Surrealist artists sought to tap into the subconscious mind by creating dreamlike images that would evoke the irrational and the absurd.One of the key techniques used by Surrealist artists was automatic drawing, in which they would allow their hand to move across the page without conscious control, creating spontaneous and often bizarre images. Another technique was collage, in which they would combine disparate images and materials to create new and unexpected juxtapositions.Surrealist art often features surreal and fantastical imagery, such as melting clocks or distorted human forms, as well as references to sexuality and violence. However, the movement was not limited to visual art, and also included literature, film, and theater.The legacy of Surrealism can still be seen in contemporary art today, with artists continuing to explore the subconscious and the irrational through a variety of media and techniques.

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During the Classical era, there were several factors that aided female composers in obtaining more professional opportunities. One of the most significant factors was the emergence of female patrons who supported and promoted the work of women composers.

These patrons often came from wealthy families and were able to provide financial support and access to influential networks, which allowed female composers to gain exposure and recognition.

Another important factor was the growth of public concert culture, which provided more platforms for women composers to showcase their work. In the early 19th century, women began to perform in public concerts more frequently, and many women composers were able to take advantage of these opportunities to have their music heard and appreciated by wider audiences.

Additionally, the establishment of conservatories and music schools also provided more opportunities for women to receive formal training and education in music composition. Prior to this, women were often limited to learning music from family members or private tutors, but with the establishment of these institutions, women could receive more structured and comprehensive training in music composition.

Despite these advancements, however, female composers still faced significant obstacles and discrimination during the Classical era. Many women composers were still excluded from certain professional opportunities, and their work was often dismissed or undervalued by their male counterparts.

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The musical basis of Josquin's Ave Maria... virgo Serena is a Gregorian chant in the top voice, then a freely composed melody.

The piece begins with the Gregorian chant melody of "Ave Maria... virgo serena" sung in the top voice. The remaining voices then enter with a freely composed melody that is based on the chant melody but varies it rhythmically and melodically. This technique is called paraphrasing and was a common practice in Renaissance music.

The musical basis of Josquin's Ave Maria... virgo Serena is more complex than just a simple answer of a Gregorian chant in the top voice. While the piece does begin with the chant melody, the remaining voices do not simply accompany it. Instead, they enter with a freely composed melody that is based on the chant melody but varies it rhythmically and melodically. This technique is called paraphrasing and was a common practice in Renaissance music.
The piece also features imitative polyphony, where one voice presents a musical idea and the other voices imitate it in succession. This can be heard in the section where the lower voices sing "Benedicta tu in mulieribus" in imitation of each other. Furthermore, the piece features a canonic section where the lower voices sing the same melody at different times, creating a round-like effect. This can be heard in the section where the lower voices sing "Et benedictus fructus ventris tui." In conclusion, the musical basis of Josquin's Ave Maria... Virgo Serena is a complex mixture of paraphrasing, imitative polyphony, and canonic techniques, with the Gregorian chant melody serving as the initial inspiration for the piece.

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Chuck Berry's contribution to rock and roll was in his unique guitar style, storytelling lyrics, and energetic stage performances.

Little Richard is often credited with creating the "new beat" of rock and roll, which was characterized by a fast tempo and a driving rhythm. While he was certainly influential in shaping the sound of early rock and roll, it was Chuck Berry who truly defined the genre with his innovative guitar playing and catchy, narrative-driven songs. Berry's signature guitar style, which involved playing rapid-fire solos and riffs, helped to establish the electric guitar as the central instrument in rock music. Additionally, his lyrics often told stories about teenage life and rebellion, which became a common theme in rock and roll. Berry's live performances were also a major factor in his success, as he would often perform with frenetic energy and incorporate dance moves into his act. Together, these elements helped to establish Chuck Berry as one of the most important figures in the development of rock and roll.

In summary, while Little Richard played an important role in shaping the sound of early rock and roll, it was Chuck Berry who truly defined the genre with his innovative guitar style, storytelling lyrics, and energetic stage performances. His contributions helped to establish the electric guitar as the central instrument in rock music, and his catchy, narrative-driven songs became a hallmark of the genre. Berry's legacy continues to influence rock and roll to this day, and his contributions are widely recognized as essential to the development of the genre.

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Most music was transmitted originally through handwritten manuscripts, which were often created by composers or copyists. These manuscripts were then distributed and copied by hand, which allowed the music to be spread across different regions and countries.

However, this method of transmission was limited to those who could read and write music notation, which meant that music was primarily circulated within the educated elite. As printing technology developed in the 15th and 16th centuries, music began to be printed in books and pamphlets, which made it more widely accessible to the general public. The printing press revolutionized the dissemination of music, making it easier and more efficient to produce and distribute musical works, which in turn helped to promote literacy and the spread of musical culture.

Regarding printing and literacy, most music was originally transmitted through oral tradition and hand-written manuscripts. In the oral tradition, music was passed down by memory and taught from one person to another. Hand-written manuscripts were used to document and preserve musical compositions in a more tangible form. The invention of the printing press later revolutionized the transmission of music by making it more accessible and affordable for the masses, thus greatly expanding the spread of musical knowledge and literacy.

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The given statement  "harmony is defined as the interaction of three or more tones that sound consecutively." is True because Harmony is defined as the simultaneous combination of tones, particularly when they are pleasing or complementary to the ear.

It typically involves the interaction of three or more tones played or sung at the same time, creating chords, rather than consecutively. Harmony is a fundamental aspect of music theory and is often associated with melody, rhythm, and texture in creating a complete musical composition.

In a musical piece, harmony provides depth, richness, and contrast, adding emotional and tonal context to the primary melody. Different harmonies can evoke various emotions or create tension and resolution within a piece, contributing to the overall narrative and structure. Harmonic progressions, or the series of chords that form the harmonic framework, play a significant role in shaping the music's direction.

In Western music, harmony is usually based on the major and minor scales, with various chord types built on the scale degrees. These chords can be arranged in various ways to create unique progressions and harmonic structures. Popular and classical music often follows certain harmonic patterns, but more experimental genres may incorporate unconventional harmonies or dissonance.

In summary, harmony refers to the simultaneous combination of tones, not consecutive ones, and is an essential component of musical composition, enhancing the emotional and structural elements of a piece.

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True. Italian madrigalists were known for their ability to express a wide range of emotions through music, and this often included setting words such as weeping, trembling, and dying with great expression.

The madrigal was a popular form of secular vocal music in Italy during the Renaissance, typically written for a small group of singers with a cappella accompaniment. The lyrics of madrigals often depicted themes of love, nature, and human emotions, and composers were expected to use their musical skills to convey these themes effectively. One notable example of an Italian madrigalist who excelled at setting words with great expression is Claudio Monteverdi, who is considered one of the most important composers of the early Baroque period. His madrigals are known for their emotional depth and dramatic intensity, and he often used chromaticism and dissonance to create a sense of tension and conflict in his music. Other prominent Italian madrigalists include Luca Marenzio, Carlo Gesualdo, and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, each of whom contributed to the development of this important musical genre.

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The statement "In bergâs opera, wozzeck drowns because he was following moonbeams into the lake" is false because Wozzeck's drowning is a result of his own mental breakdown and the actions of others around him.

In the opera, Wozzeck is a soldier who is subjected to mistreatment and humiliation by his superiors and others in his life. He becomes increasingly unstable and paranoid, and ultimately kills his lover Marie in a fit of jealousy.

Later, while wandering in the woods, Wozzeck hallucinates and imagines that he is being pursued by demons and monsters. He eventually makes his way to a nearby lake and drowns himself.

So, while the opera does feature elements of surrealism and hallucination, Wozzeck's drowning is not caused by his following moonbeams into the lake.

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False. While listening to a piece of music once can certainly provide an initial impression and enjoyment, it may not be the best way to fully appreciate and understand all of its components.

Music is often rich in layers and nuances that may not be immediately noticeable upon a single listening. Repeated listening allows for a deeper exploration of the various musical elements such as melody, harmony, rhythm, instrumentation, dynamics, and structure. It enables the listener to discern subtleties, uncover thematic developments, appreciate intricate details, and grasp the overall narrative or emotional arc of the composition. Multiple listens provide an opportunity for a more comprehensive and rewarding musical experience.

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Regarding standard designations for vocal ranges, the lowest section is referred to as the bass range. The bass range is characterized by deep, rich, and resonant notes. It is the lowest male voice type and is usually sung by bass singers. Bass singers are often described as having a dark and powerful tone, and they can hit low notes with ease.

The bass range usually covers the notes between the E2 to E4 on a piano. Some bass singers can reach notes lower than E2, while others can go higher than E4. The bass range is an important part of choral music, especially in Capella groups, where it provides the foundation for the other vocal parts.

In classical music, the bass range is often used for basso profondo roles in operas and cantatas. In popular music, bass singers are often featured in R&B, gospel, and soul music genres. Overall, the bass range is an important and distinct part of vocal music. It requires a specific skill set and is often in high demand in choral and solo performances.

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According to the creative pyramid, the first step in copywriting and art design is to grab the audience's attention and make them interested in the product or service being offered.

The correct option is (A).

This is accomplished through eye-catching visuals, headlines, and other attention-grabbing elements. Once the prospect's attention is captured, the other steps of the pyramid can be implemented to create a successful advertising campaign. The next step in the creative pyramid is to create interest and establish a connection with the audience. This is achieved by providing information about the product or service that is relevant to the audience's needs and desires. Copywriters and designers must understand the target audience and craft messaging that resonates with them. This can include showcasing the benefits of the product or service, highlighting unique features, or creating a sense of urgency or scarcity. The goal is to keep the audience engaged and encourage them to learn more about the product or service. By building interest, advertisers can move the audience further down the creative pyramid toward a desire to purchase.

So, the correct option is to get the prospect's interest.

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The text Alleluia, O virga mediatrix is from the Proper portion of the Mass. The right answer is b.

The scripture passages that alter each day with the liturgical calendar are included in the mass's Proper. The Introit, Gradual, Alleluia or Tract, Sequence, Offertory, and Communion are the Proper texts sung by the choir with the assistance of soloists. The initial arrangements are in plainchant, as they are with the Ordinary, and troping was also included in the Propers.

Dufay rekindled interest in the Proper's environs around 1430. The Council of Trent's liturgical changes gave Proper settings fresh life within the Roman Catholic Church. Numerous Italian composers created arrangements of the Proper after Giovanni Contino around 1560.

The correct answer is option b.

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The texture of Josquin's "Ave Maria...Virgo Serena" is best described as polyphonic. This composition features multiple, independent vocal lines that interact harmoniously, creating a rich and intricate texture.

The texture of Josquin's Ave Maria... Virgo Serena can be best described as polyphonic. Polyphonic texture is characterized by the simultaneous interweaving of multiple independent melodic lines. In this particular piece, there are four voices - soprano, alto, tenor, and bass - that are each singing their own melodic line. These lines are intricately woven together, creating a rich and complex texture that is both harmonious and dynamic. The polyphonic texture of Ave Maria... Virgo Serena is a hallmark of Renaissance music, and showcases Josquin's mastery of the genre.

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Velásquez held the titles of first Spanish painter to the king and superintendent of the king's collections of paintings in the court of King Philip IV of Spain.

Diego Velásquez was a renowned Spanish painter who rose to prominence during the 17th century. He became a key figure in the Spanish royal court, serving as the first painter to King Philip IV of Spain. This title gave him the responsibility of creating portraits of the king, his family, and other members of the court.

Additionally, he was appointed as the superintendent of the king's collections of paintings, which involved acquiring new artworks and preserving the existing ones. Velásquez's talent and skill as a painter were highly valued by the king, and he was given considerable freedom to pursue his artistic vision. He used this opportunity to create some of his most famous works, including the iconic painting "Las Meninas."

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True, Renaissance oil paint was made using pigment, or color, mixed with a type of oil. However, it is important to note that while olive oil was occasionally used, the most common oil used during the Renaissance was linseed oil, derived from flax seeds. This oil provided better drying and durability properties compared to olive oil.

The process of making oil paint involved grinding the pigment into a fine powder and then mixing it with the chosen oil. The resulting paint could be applied in layers, allowing artists to create realistic textures and depth in their paintings. This technique was a significant advancement over earlier tempera paints, which used water and egg yolk as binding agents. Oil painting became popular during the Renaissance due to its versatility and the richness of color it allowed. Artists could achieve greater detail and create a more luminous effect compared to other painting mediums. Additionally, oil paints allowed for longer working times, which enabled artists to refine their work and produce highly detailed pieces.In summary, it is true that Renaissance oil paint was made of pigment mixed with oil, and occasionally olive oil was used. However, linseed oil was the most common oil used in oil painting during this time due to its superior drying and durability properties.

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The term that a composer would use to indicate playing very slow is "adagio."

Adagio is an Italian musical term that translates to "at ease" or "leisurely." In music notation, it is often represented by the abbreviation "Ad." or a metronome marking of 66-76 beats per minute. Adagio is slower than other common tempo markings like andante, allegro, and presto.

Adagio is a musical term that indicates a slow tempo. Composers use this term to convey a relaxed and leisurely pace for the orchestra to play the piece. It is often used in romantic and classical music to create a sense of depth and emotion. Adagio is slower than other common tempo markings, and it is represented by the abbreviation "Ad." or a metronome marking of 66-76 beats per minute.

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It is important to note that the prepared piano is an integral part of Sonata V and any alternative instrumentation would significantly change the character and feel of the piece. The unique sounds produced by the prepared piano are a key aspect of Cage's avant-garde style and are a fundamental part of his musical language.

In John Cage's Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes, the prepared piano is the primary instrument used. However, due to the unique sound produced by the preparation of the piano, it is difficult to imagine other instruments playing this piece without drastically altering its character.

That being said, if we were to imagine other instruments playing Sonata V, it is possible to imagine percussion instruments such as marimbas or xylophones playing the intricate rhythmic patterns present in the piece. The percussive nature of the prepared piano lends itself well to these instruments and their ability to produce sharp, crisp sounds.

In addition, the haunting melodies present in the piece could also be played by string instruments such as violins or cellos. While they may not produce the same metallic sound as the prepared piano, the beauty of their tone would complement the piece well and add a new layer of emotion to it.

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The preservation of music without the aid of written notation is referred to as oral tradition or oral transmission. This means that music is passed down from one generation to another through word of mouth, memory, and practice. While written notation is important for many forms of music, oral transmission remains an essential way to preserve and pass on musical traditions around the world.

Many cultures and communities rely on oral tradition to keep their music alive, including indigenous peoples, folk musicians, and classical performers in some traditions. While written notation is important for many forms of music, oral transmission remains an essential way to preserve and pass on musical traditions around the world.

The preservation of music without the aid of written notation is referred to as oral tradition. In an oral tradition, music is passed down from generation to generation through memorization, listening, and performing, rather than through written notation.Many cultures and communities rely on oral tradition to keep their music alive, including indigenous peoples, folk musicians, and classical performers in some traditions

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When we refer to works of art being "representational," we mean that the artwork is depicting something that exists in the real worldThis can be contrasted with non-representational or abstract art, which does not attempt to depict anything recognizable.

Representational art has a long history, dating back to prehistoric times when cave paintings depicted animals and hunting scenes. Throughout history, artists have used representational art to capture moments, people, and landscapes, often with great skill and attention to detail. Renaissance painters, for example, were known for their highly realistic representations of the human form, while landscape painters like Claude Monet sought to capture the changing colors and light of nature.Representational art can take many forms, from highly realistic to stylized or even cartoonish. It can be created in many media, including painting, drawing, sculpture, and photography. One of the benefits of representational art is that it can help us to understand and appreciate the world around us, providing us with a window into different cultures, times, and places.In summary, when we refer to works of art being "representational," we mean that they are depicting something recognizable from the real world. Representational art has a long history and can take many forms, and it can help us to better understand and appreciate the world around us.

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During the Renaissance period, one of the most popular forms of dance in which people would watch dancers perform in the large palaces of the wealthy was the "balli." This dance form originated in Italy and was also known as "balli in due," which means "dancing in pairs."

The balli was a social dance form that was performed in groups, where dancers would form circles or lines and perform coordinated movements in unison. This dance form was typically accompanied by music, which was often played by live musicians using instruments such as the lute, recorder, or viol.The balli dance form was highly popular during the Renaissance period, particularly in Italy and France. It was commonly performed at various social events such as weddings, banquets, and other formal gatherings. The dance form was also considered to be a symbol of wealth and social status, as only the wealthy could afford to hire musicians and dancers to perform at their events.The balli dance form was highly varied, with various regional variations across Italy and Europe. Some of the popular variations of the balli dance form included the "saltarello," "piva," "ballo del fiore," and "corrente." These variations differed in their style, rhythm, and tempo and were often influenced by the local music and cultural traditions.Overall, the balli dance form was an important part of the Renaissance period, representing the social, cultural, and artistic values of the time. It was an expression of creativity and artistry, as well as a symbol of wealth, status, and social prestige.

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