The virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles. Thus option B is correct.
What are the characteristic features of virus ?
Viruses are the infectious microbes, a connecting link between living and nonliving organism that contain a nucleic acids covered by a protein coat.
Virus can reproduce at a spectacular rate and live in host cells, They are acellular as they have no cytoplasm or cellular organelles.
They do not have their own machinery so for their metabolism depend on their host and replicate by using the metabolic machinery of the host cell.
viruses can not grow and divide and the new viral components are synthesized and assembled into the infected host cell, they have DNA or RNA but not both.
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During translation, what is read to determine the type of amino acid that is added to the growing protein?.
The kind of amino acid that's also supplied to the developing protein during translation is determined by reading the anticodon.
What happens if your body doesn't have enough protein?A severe protein deficiency can hinder children's growth, contribute to fatty liver and skin, induce edema, and worsen infections. True deficiency is uncommon in affluent nations, although a low intake may lead to muscular atrophy and an increased risk of fractures.
How much protein should I eat each day?For a typical sedentary adult, the suggested dietary allowance is 1 ml per kilogram of weight. A 165-pound (75-kilogram) person should eat 60 protein grams per day, for instance.
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What enzyme moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides?.
Helicase moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA nucleotides .
Replication is the process were DNA makes multiple copies it self .Helicases are enzymes that assists to binding and remodeling of nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. They functions for unwinding the DNA in the process of replication .Helicase is one of the most essential enzyme in DNA replication .
DNA helicase separate two strands of the DNA for the process of replication . This enzyme also help to unwind the DNA and create a replication fork by breaking down the hydrogen bond.
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What is the one part of the body that helps the digestive?.
The pharynx is the one part of the body that helps the digestive system and respiratory systems work together by allowing air to travel from the nasal cavity to the respiratory system and by preventing air from entering the digestive system.
In addition to helping with breathing, the respiratory system prevents harmful particles from entering the body when eating, sneezing, or coughing. Air is transported from the mouth and nose to the trachea, also known as the windpipe, by the pharynx, also known as the throat, which is a flexible muscular tube with a funnel-like shape. It also connects the nasal and oral canals to the esophagus and larynx.
The pharynx is necessary for both the respiratory and digestive systems. It allows air to travel from the nasal cavity to the lungs, larynx, and trachea.
The nasopharynx is a part of the throat where the epiglottis is situated. The esophagus aperture is kept covered to prevent air from entering the digestive system.
The complete question is:
What is the one part of the body that helps the digestive system and respiratory systems work together?
a.nose
b.lughs.
c.trachea
d.pharynx
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When dna is copied, sometimes one or more of its nitrogen bases are copied incorrectly. How do you predict that a change to a single nitrogen base, such as an adenine or an thymine, could affect the function of a gene? use science reasoning to support your prediction.
When a nitrogen base is changed it can affect the function of a gene by being transcribed into a non-synonym codon and therefore also being translated into a distinct protein.
Mutations also result from the addition of one or more bases, known as an insertion, or the removal of one or more bases, known as a deletion.
When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, each new DNA contains 100% of the parent DNA. DNA replication uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template and create the new strand of DNA. These mutation can also alter in the nucleotide (DNA) sequence of the genome of an organism.
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Explain how you can change pathways in your brain to break a bad habit and create new and better habits.
You either develop new habits as well as beliefs or reinforce current ones as they think as well as feel similarly.
With enough repetition and focus, your new habits will eventually become automatic. For instance, if you intentionally concentrate on exercising four times per week by evaluating your goals every day, chatting with other people for support, picturing your achievement, going to bed early, including scheduling weekly meetings with a fitness trainer, you reprogram your new exercise habit.
However, when you do not even deliberately focus your mind's attention on your workout objective, you'll discover that your strongest preexisting sleeping-in behaviors will operate automatically. Your brain, body, as well as behavior are controlled by ingrained instinctive habits that are frequently undesirable. However, you can alter previous behaviors and develop the habit of long-lasting happiness with time as well as the correct circumstances.
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A tax on imported goods is called a _____________________ .
*
1 point
embargo
tariff
debt
Answer:
Tariff
Explanation: a Tariff is a tax levied by governments on the value including freight and insurance of imported products.
Explain how two samples can produce identical dna fingerprints. Be sure to include the use of restriction enzymes and how they relate to dna nucleotide sequences in your explanation.
In order to cut the DNA samples at the same location along the strand, the same restriction enzyme would need to locate the same palindromic sequence.
What connection may DNA fingerprinting and restriction enzyme make?By initially breaking down a DNA sample using a restriction enzyme, a DNA fingerprint is produced. Usually palindromes, restriction enzymes can detect highly precise DNA sequences (like 5'-GAATTC-3'). Palindromic sequences make it possible to identify the identical sequence on both strands of DNA.
One DNA fingerprint shared by two people is possible.No two people have ever been discovered to have the same fingerprints, including identical twins, according to the National Forensic Science Technology Center. Keep in mind that your own fingerprints differ from finger to finger, which means you have unique print on each finger.
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What is the process of releasing water through holes in the leaves of plants?
proteins need to be denatured using an anionic detergent such as sds before gel electrophoresis because: select all that apply.
The majority of proteins contain a uniform positive charge, and a uniform neutral charge, and most proteins have intricate three-dimensional structures that might affect how well they travel through the gel electrophoresis. For these reasons, proteins need to be denatured. Here, the right answers are A, B, and D.
Protein separation is accomplished using a molecular technique called sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which operates in the proximity of an electric charge. Proteins are separated using SDS-PAGE according to their electrophoretic mobility. Protein charge, shape, and structure all affect electrophoretic mobility.
To proceed in the direction of the positive terminal, the protein molecules need to have a constant negative charge (anode). The overall charge of a protein is determined by the amino acid content of the protein as well as the charge of the individual amino acids.
Thus, depending on the total makeup of amino acids, the charge may change. Depending on the ratio of different amino acids, the total charge of the proteins can be positive, negative, or neutral. The SDS treatment gives the proteins a consistent, negative charge. Then, according to size, the negatively charged amino acids flow toward the positive terminal.
Complete question:
Proteins need to be denatured using an anionic detergent such as SDS before gel electrophoresis because: Select all that apply.
A - most proteins have a uniform positive charge
B - most proteins have complex three-dimensional structures that can impact their movement through the gel
C - the overall charge of a protein depends on the amino acid composition of the protein and can vary greatly
D - most proteins have a uniform neutral charge
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Histones that are tightly wound by dna and are the basic unit of chromatin are called.
Histones that are tightly wound by DNA and are the basic unit of chromatin are called nucleosomes.
In the field of biology, a nucleosome can be described as a structure in which the DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones.
The nucleosome contains eight histone proteins which are the major region for wrapping up the DNA and hence form the basic unit of the chromatin structure.
The nucleosome, consisting of the proteins and the DNA, forms the chromatin.
The occurrence of nucleosomes is possible because the positively cared histone proteins can bind to the negatively charged DNA.
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Anton uses 2/3 cup of grapes and 1/2 cup of strawberries. What is the total amount of fruit Anton uses?
Group of answer choices
2/6 cup
4/6 cup
1 cup
1 1/6 cup
Answer:
1 1/6 so D is your answer
Explanation:
i hope this helps =)
Answer: The total amount of fruit Anton uses is 1 1/6.
Explanation: 2/3 x2/2= 4/6 and 1/2 X3/3= 3/6 you add both 4/6 and 3/6 and you get 7/6 which is a improper fraction that breaks down further into 1 1/6 which is a mixed fraction.
in the primary structure, proteins are arranged linearly and joined by peptide bonds. what can be found at the ends of this polypeptide chain?
Amino acids can be found at the ends of the polypeptide chain.
What is the polypeptide chain?
The peptide chain is considered to hаve pаrtiаl chаrаcteristics of а double bond. It is shorter аnd rigid thаn а typicаl single covаlent bond. This rigid chаrаcteristic of the peptide bond prevents the free rotаtion of groups аround it.
In а peptide chаin, only the terminаl cаrboxylic аnd аmino groups аnd the groups present in the side chаins of аmino аcids cаn аccept or releаse electrons аt the physiologic pH of our body. The peptide chаin formed аs а result of peptide bonds hаve а free аmino group аt one end аnd а free cаrboxylic group аt the other end. These ends аre known аs N-terminаl аnd C-terminаl respectively.
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Which statement BEST describes how the Carbon Stored in Urban Trees data table should be improved to better support the model and represent the cycling of carbon? It should include the amount of carbon lost to the atmosphere due to respiration by the trees. It should include the amount of carbon stored in the soil due to photosynthesis by the trees. It should include the amount of oxygen released by the trees due to photosynthesis. It should include the amount of oxygen consumed by the trees due to respiration.
The statement that BEST describes is It should include the amount of carbon lost to the atmosphere due to respiration by the trees.
By storing carbon in their annual new growth, trees lower the quantity of carbon in the atmosphere. A tree stores more carbon as it grows by keeping it in its accumulated tissue. The size and health of the trees affect how much carbon is annually stored. Urban trees that are open-grown and maintained typically have lower biomass than trees that grow naturally in wooded settings.
When a tree decays and dies, it releases a large amount of the carbon it has stored back into the atmosphere. Thus, the quantity of carbon that could be released if trees are allowed to wither and decay is sometimes referred to as carbon storage.
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explain how the electron transport chain is able to produce atp from adp. discuss the similarities differences of this process in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
It takes place in mitochondria in both cell breathing and photosynthesis. within the former, the electrons come from breaking down organic molecules, and strength is released. in the latter, the electrons input the chain after being excited with the aid of mild, and the power released is used to build carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then grew to become again into carbon dioxide, that is utilized in photosynthesis. whilst water is broken all the way down to form oxygen throughout photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is mixed with hydrogen to shape water.Aug 31, 2018
The present day of hydrogen ions powers the catalytic movement of ATP synthase, which phosphorylates ADP, generating ATP. discern 1. The electron transport chain is a sequence of electron transporters embedded inside the internal mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen.
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Use the model to answer the following question.
What BEST describes the model of DNA replication?
non-conservative
semi-conservative and discontinuous
semi-conservative
conservative
Answer: B
Explanation:
during meiosis ii in sperm development a. primary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form diploid secondary spermatocytes. b. sperm and oocyte meet and merge. c. secondary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form haploid spermatids. d. spermatids divide meiotically to form haploid spermatozoa.
The right response is c. Secondary spermatocytes meiosisally divide to produce haploid spermatids.
In biology, what are spermatocytes?Following the mitotic cell phase of spermatogenesis, spermatozoa with half the chromosomal complement of the original precursor cells will be produced from spermatocytes, which are cells derived from the final spermatogonial division (B spermatogonia).
A spermatocyte is what type of cell?Animal male gametocytes include spermatocytes. They come from spermatogonia, which are immature germ cells. The seminiferous tubules, a part of the testis, are where they are located. Primary & secondary spermatocytes are the two different types of spermatocytes.
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if coli was growing without any extra mutagens, would you expect its genome to have any mutations? how would mutagen exposure change this?
In nature, mutations happen very infrequently; introducing mutagens would increase the number of mutations already in the genome.
What three categories of mutagens are there?Physical, chemical, or biological mutagens are all examples of mutagens. Mutagenicity refers to a substance's capacity to cause mutations or changes to DNA base pairs.
What are the different kinds of mutagens?Different Mutagens
Based on where they come from, mutagens can be divided into three categories. These are what they are: bodily mutagens: Radiation exposure, including such X-rays, gamma radiation, and alpha particles, is among them. Additionally, ultraviolet radiations have the potential to be carcinogens.
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how would the hedgehog pathway likely be affected if ift-a trafficking was disrupted in the presence of hedgehog ligand? group of answer choices
The correct answer is that Ptch1 and Smo would both be found in the primary cilium.
The Hedgehog signaling route is a signaling pathway that provides embryonic cells with the information they need to differentiate properly. Hedgehog signaling proteins are present in various amounts throughout the embryo.
When the SHH ligand attaches to the transmembrane protein PTCH1, the SHH pathway is triggered, which then activates the pathway. As a result of this interaction, smoothened (SMO) is released and its downstream genes are activated, which ultimately results in the expression of the oncogene Gli-1, which encourages cell division and aids in the development of tumors.
From the cell membrane to the nucleus, it is a highly conserved evolutionary pathway for signal transmission. The Hh signaling pathway is crucial to the development of the embryo.
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The complete question is :
In the absence of the Hedgehog ligand, the Ptch1 receptor is localized to the primary cilium. When the Hedgehog ligand binds Ptch1, Ptch1 exits the primary cilium and Smo enters to initiate pathway activation. How would the Hedgehog pathway likely be affected if IFT-A trafficking was disrupted in the presence of Hedgehog ligand?
A. Ptch1 and Smo would both be found in the primary cilium
B. Ptch1 and Smo would both be absent from the primary cilium
C. Ptch1 would stay in the primary cilium and Smo would stay out
D. Smo would enter into the primary cilium and Ptch1 would exit out
E. Hedgehog pathway would be normal because kinesin-2 and dynein 2 remain normal
Primary endosymbiosis led to the origin of some chloroplasts. This process occurred when a __________ engulfed a _____________.
This process occurred when a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote.
What is Primary endosymbiosis?
Endosymbionts are the prokaryotic cells that live within a eukaryoric cells. Endosymbiosis is a term referring to two organisms living together with one organism inside the other.
Primary endosymbiosis is the prokaryotes original internalization, by an ancestral eukaryote which results in the formation of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Chloroplasts mostly evolved when a mitochondria containing eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts evolving from primary endosymbiosis have two sets of cell membranes that surround them. One membrane is from the host cell and the other is from the endosymbiont. Primary endosymbiosis derives chloroplasts from red and green algae.
Therefore, Primary endosymbiosis occurred when a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote.
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An individual having two different alleles of a specific gene is described as being _________ for that specific trait.
An individual having two different alleles of a specific gene is described as being Heterozygous for that specific trait.
You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions differ. Being heterozygous for hair color, for example, means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair. The interaction of the two alleles influences which traits are expressed.
Being homozygous for a gene means you inherited two identical copies. It is the inverse of a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles differ. People with recessive characteristics, such as blue eyes or red hair, are always homozygous for that gene. In genetics, heterozygous means having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. As a result, a person who is heterozygous for a genomic marker has two distinct versions of that marker.
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Describe the one-gene, one polypeptide hypothesis and list some of the evidence in favor of it.
Many enzymes have numerous polypeptide subunits, each of which is encoded by a different gene. We know that genes specify the structure of enzymes and that each gene encodes one enzyme from the findings of the Beadle and Tatum study.
The idea that there is a large class of structural genes, each of which encodes a single polypeptide that can either work on its own or as a component of a more complex protein. Initially, it was believed that each gene encoded the entirety of a single enzyme, but it has since been discovered that some proteins and enzymes actually come from multiple polypeptides, and thus from multiple genes.
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What is one of the most important decisions we have to make in our life?.
Choice #1: Decide to be happy! Without a doubt, this is the most significant choice you will ever make! You can always choose happiness in the situations , no matter what life throws at you.
Examples include deciding to change careers, relocate, purchase or sell a home, end or start a relationship, place loved ones in a facility that provides 24/7 care, adopt a child, retire, and many more.
Making decisions is crucial since it allows you to select from a variety of possibilities.
It is important to gather all relevant information and consider the advantages and disadvantages of it before making a decision.
It is vital to concentrate on actions that can assist in making the best judgments.
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mark all that are true about consanguineous unions. select one or more: a. increases the frequency of recessive alleles b. increases the frequency of recessive phenotypes c. increases the proportion of homozygous genotypes d. decreases the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population e. decreases the frequency of recessive phenotypes
Here are the options which are true about consanguineous unions:
a. Increases the frequency of recessive alleles
b. Increases the frequency of recessive phenotypes
c. Increases the proportion of homozygous genotypes
d. Decreases the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population
Inbreeding brought on by consanguineous unions raises homozygosity. Recessive phenotypes grow in the population if there are recessive alleles present in the family. Additionally, heterozygosity decreases as homozygosity rises.
A consanguineous marriage is typically referred to be a relationship between two people who are at least second cousins apart. In close-knit communities, at least one-fifth of the population generally prefers consanguineous unions, and at least 8.5% of children have consanguineous parents.
Consanguineous marriages are most frequently caused by economic and sociocultural advantages.
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If a nucleus has eight chromosomes during interphase, how many chromosomes does it have during metaphase?.
If a nucleus has eight chromosomes during interphase, It will have eight chromosomes during metaphase.
The interphase and the M (mitotic) phases of the cell cycle follow this progression. The first includes mitosis and cytokinesis, while the second includes G1 (the first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (the second gap).
"everything in a cell's life not involving division" is a fundamental definition of interphase. Instead, cells multiply many of their own contents and become larger as a whole. The genetic material of a cell is only duplicated or replicated during its own interphase stage.
Metaphase: Each daughter nucleus will receive an identical chromatid because the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell along the metaphase plate, with one chromatid on each side.
Eight is the answer. The centromere still binds the produced sister chromosomes together and counts them as one. They are counted as 16 when spindles pull them apart. There are two cells with each cell having eight chromosomes when mitosis is finished.
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Epithelial tissue composed of flattened cells in multiple layers is called ______ epithelial tissue.
Simple epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of a single layer of cells, whereas stratified epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of multiple layers of cells.
What are the various names for layers of cells?The number of layers of cells and the shapes of the cells present are used to categorize the different types of epithelia. Simple epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of a single layer of cells, whereas stratified epithelia is epithelial tissue made up of multiple layers of cells.
Which epithelial cell layer is flat and thin?Flat and arranged in a single layer, simple squamous epithelium cells are an epithelial cell type. This one layer is thin enough to create a membrane through which compounds can passively diffuse.
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Answer:
Transitional
select all that are categories of neurotransmitters based on chemical composition. multiple select question. amino acids sterols monoamines neuropeptides acetylcholine glycoproteins
The categories of neurotransmitters based on chemical composition are: acetylcholine, neuropeptides, monoamines, and amino acids.
What are neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters are substances produced by neurons that will allow them to communicate with other neurons or with other tissues, and send them a message or neurotransmission.
They are synthesized in the soma of the neuron and will go to the synaptic endings to be released in the synaptic cleft and bind to their receptors in the target organ or neuron to generate a reaction.
Within the best-known neurotransmitters, we have acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and serotonin, among others. As a result, we can confirm that the chemical composition of neurotransmitters.
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What types of genetic information must be copied for the next generation of cells?.
Type of genetic information that must be copied for the next generation of cells is DNA.
What genetic information is copied for next generation?Genes carry biological information that has to be copied properly for transmission to the next generation, each time a cell divides to form two daughter cells.
Firstly, information which is stored in the DNA molecule must be copied, every time a cell divides. This helps in ensuring that both daughter cells inherit the complete set of genetic information from the parent cell. Secondly, information stored in the DNA molecule must be either translated or expressed.
Genetic information is passed from generation to generation through the inherited units of chemical information.
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radish flowers may be red, purple, or white. a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant yields all-purple offspring. the flower color trait in radishes is an example of which of the following inheritance patterns? group of answer choices a multiple allelic system incomplete dominance codominance sex linkage
Flowers on radishes can be white, purple, or red. Purple children are produced when a white-flowered plant and a red-flowered plant are crossed. An illustration of an incomplete dominant inheritance pattern is the flower color of the radish.
When both alleles are present at the same time, this pattern of inheritance is referred to as partial dominance since neither allele is totally dominant over the other. The white blossom allele is only marginally more dominant than the red flower gene. Pink is created by combining red and white.
Wavy hair is an illustration of incomplete dominance in humans. The two alleles for curly or straight hair are present. If a person has homozygosity for both types of these alleles, their hair will either be straight or curly.
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A pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the back of the urinary bladder are called?.
A pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the back of the urinary bladder are called Two ureters.
What is the name of the renal tubes?One kidney is located on each side of the body's back, directly below the ribs. They eliminate waste from your blood through a filter, and the urine is then produced. Each kidney's urine is transported through a tiny tube called an ureter to the bladder, where it is stored.
What are the ureter and urethra?What Do the Urethra and Ureter Do? A tiny tube, or duct, called the ureter joins the bladder and kidneys. Urine is moved from the kidneys to the bladder by the ureter.. The tubular passageway that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body is known as the urethra.
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the number of protons in one atom of an alement determines the atoms _________, and the number of protons plus neutrons determines the ______________, of an element.
The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atoms atomic number , and the number of protons plus neutrons determines the mass number, of an element.
A chemical element is a species of atoms, including the pure material made entirely of that species, that have a specific number of protons in their nuclei.
The atomic number is determined by the number of protons, and the atomic mass is determined by the sum of protons and neutrons.
The atomic number of an atom refers to how many protons it has. This number is crucial since it is exclusive to the atoms of a certain element. Every element has a variable number of protons in its atoms, yet every element has the same number of protons in all of its atoms.
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