there are several ways that central banks can increase or decrease the money supply. match the descriptions below with the corresponding policy tool. it is possible that a description does not apply to any of the terms.
Answers
According to the information we can infer that the options would match as follow: An increase in the interest rate that a central bank charges commercial banks for loans: Box 3, A central bank purchasing existing bonds: Box 1, An increase in the percentage of deposits that banks must keep on hand: Box 2, and A government printing more currency: Not applicable.
What is the relation in each situation?1. The discount rate refers to the interest rate that a central bank charges commercial banks for loans. By increasing the discount rate, the central bank makes borrowing more expensive for commercial banks. This, in turn, discourages borrowing, reduces the availability of money in the banking system, and can decrease the money supply.
2. Open market operations involve the buying and selling of government securities, such as bonds, by the central bank. When a central bank purchases existing bonds from commercial banks or the public, it injects money into the banking system, increasing the money supply.
3. The reserve requirement is the percentage of deposits that banks are required to keep as reserves and not lend out. When the central bank increases the reserve requirement, it reduces the amount of money that banks can lend, effectively decreasing the money supply.
4. The act of printing more currency is not directly related to the policies conducted by central banks to control the money supply. While a government may print more currency, it is not a policy tool employed by central banks to increase or decrease the money supply.
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Related Questions
"... the governance of an enterprise is the sum of those activities that make up the internal regulation of the business in compliance with the obligations placed on the firm by legislation, ownership and control. It incorporates the trusteeship of assets, their management and their deployment" (Cannon, 1994).
Extracted from: Solomon, J., & Solomon, A. (2004). Corporate Governance and Accountability. West Success: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
All questions relate to the case study above
Question 1
Having gone through the definition above, and using your knowledge of corporate governance who is given the trusteeship and control of assets in corporations (2 mark)
Question 2
Having gone through the definition above, and using your knowledge of corporate governance who is given ownership of the corporation (2 mark)
Questions 3
State and elaborate on any four obligations placed on a firm either by legislation ownership or control (12 marks)
Question 4
Critically analyze this definition given by Canon (1994) of corporate governance (10 marks)
Question 5
Using you knowledge of corporate governance give your definition of corporate governance and explain why you gave such a definition
Answers
In corporations, the trusteeship and control of assets are given to the board of directors. The board of directors is responsible for the governance of the corporation.
They also have the right to vote on important matters affecting the corporation.Questions 3: State and elaborate on any four obligations placed on a firm either by legislation, ownership, or controlFour obligations placed on a firm are as follows:1. Legal compliance: The firm must comply with all relevant laws and regulations.2. Financial reporting: The firm must maintain accurate financial records and report them to stakeholders. This includes financial statements, tax returns, and other financial reports.3.
Risk management: The firm must identify, assess, and manage risks that may affect the business.4. Stakeholder management: The firm must manage its relationships with stakeholders. This includes customers, employees, suppliers, investors, and other parties that have an interest in the firm. The firm must balance the needs and interests of these stakeholders to ensure that it operates in a socially responsible manner.Question 4: Critically analyze this definition given by Canon (1994) of corporate governance Canon's definition of corporate governance is comprehensive and covers a wide range of activities and responsibilities. It does not address the broader social and environmental impacts of the business. It also does not address the role of the corporation in society and the responsibility of the corporation to contribute to the welfare of society.Question 5: Using your knowledge of corporate governance, give your definition of corporate governance, and explain why you gave such a definition.Corporate governance is the system by which corporations are directed and controlled.
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For budgeting purposes, each manager in a company must estimate their group’s monthly
expenses. Manager 1 estimates that his monthly expenses are normally distributed with mean
$21,000 and standard deviation $3,000. Manager 2 estimates that her monthly expenses
follow a discrete distribution with p($15,000) = 0.2, p($20,000) = 0.4, p($25,000) = 0.3, and
p($30,000) = 0.1.
a: For each manager, compute the mean and standard deviation of their group’s
monthly expenses.
b: For each manager, estimate the probabilities that their group’s monthly expenses are:
i) between $17,000 and $24,000, ii) higher than $22,000, iii) below $18,000, and iv)
exactly $25,000.
c: The company wants to budget enough for each group so that the probability of
expenses being over budget is at most 15%. How much should the company budget for
each manager?
Answers
This probability corresponds to a specific z-score, which can be found using the standard normal distribution table.
a: For Manager 1:
Mean = $21,000
Standard Deviation = $3,000
For Manager 2:
Mean = ($15,000 * 0.2) + ($20,000 * 0.4) + ($25,000 * 0.3) + ($30,000 * 0.1) = $21,500
Standard Deviation:
To calculate the standard deviation, we need to find the variance first.
Variance = [(15,000 - 21,500)^2 * 0.2] + [(20,000 - 21,500)^2 * 0.4] + [(25,000 - 21,500)^2 * 0.3] + [(30,000 - 21,500)^2 * 0.1] = $23,250,000
Standard Deviation = √(Variance) = $4,823.62
b: For Manager 1:
i) P(17,000 ≤ X ≤ 24,000) can be calculated using the standard normal distribution table and z-scores. Convert the values to z-scores using the formula z = (X - Mean) / Standard Deviation. Then, use the table or a calculator to find the corresponding probabilities.
ii) P(X > 22,000) can be calculated by finding the z-score for 22,000 and using the standard normal distribution table to find the probability of being above that z-score.
iii) P(X < 18,000) can be calculated by finding the z-score for 18,000 and using the standard normal distribution table to find the probability of being below that z-score.
iv) P(X = 25,000) for a continuous distribution is zero since the probability of landing exactly on a specific value is infinitesimally small.
For Manager 2:
i) P(17,000 ≤ X ≤ 24,000) can be calculated by summing the probabilities of the individual values falling within that range: P($20,000) + P($25,000) = 0.4 + 0.3 = 0.7
ii) P(X > 22,000) can be calculated by summing the probabilities of the values higher than $22,000: P($25,000) + P($30,000) = 0.3 + 0.1 = 0.4
iii) P(X < 18,000) can be calculated by summing the probabilities of the values lower than $18,000: P($15,000) = 0.2
iv) P(X = 25,000) is given as 0.3.
c: To ensure the probability of expenses being over budget is at most 15%, the company needs to budget for expenses that exceed the budget with a probability of 15% or less. This probability corresponds to a specific z-score, which can be found using the standard normal distribution table. Once the z-score is determined, it can be converted back to the expense value using the mean and standard deviation. For Manager 1, the mean monthly expense is $21,000 with a standard deviation of $3,000. To budget for a 15% probability of exceeding expenses, the company needs to allocate funds above the expense level corresponding to the z-score that corresponds to a 15% probability in the standard normal distribution table.
For Manager 2, the mean monthly expense is $21,500 with a standard deviation of $4,823.62. Similarly, the company needs to budget for expenses above the level corresponding to the z-score that corresponds to a 15%
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Alice went to buy products from an inventory in a retail mart. Each inventory has various products, all with varying weights. Alice decides to use a scooper that can pick up three products at a time. The products in each inventory are lined up in a single row, and Alice indexes them from 0 to n−1, starting from the first product to the nth product in the row. In each selection, Alice picks the lightest remaining product in the inventory with weight wand uses the scooper to pick up that product along with the two other products adjacent to it. Alice repeats this process until there are no more products left in the inventory. Alice wants to find the sum of the weights of the lightest products which can be chosen in every selection. Note: If there are two products with the lightest weight at different indexes, Alice chooses the product at the smallest index. If the product only has one other product adjacent to it, then the product itself and the single adjacent product will be removed. Example Let there be n=4 products in the inventory with
Answers
To solve this problem using python, The idea is to go through the products, and every time you find the lightest one, remove it and the two adjacent products (if any) from the list.
How to write the codedef findTotalWeight(products):
# Start with zero total weight
total_weight = 0
# While there are still products left
while len(products) > 0:
# Find the index of the lightest product
min_weight_index = products.index(min(products))
# Add its weight to the total
total_weight += products[min_weight_index]
# Remove the product and its neighbours from the list
del products[max(0, min_weight_index - 1):min_weight_index + 2]
return total_weight
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complete question
2. Retail Inventory Management Alice went to buy products from an inventory in a retail mart. Each inventory has various products, all with varying weights. Alice decides to use a scooper that can pick up three products at a time. The products in each inventory are lined up in a single row, and Alice indexes them from 0 to n−1, starting from the first product to the n
th
product in the row. In each selection, Alice picks the lightest remaining product in the inventory with weight w and uses the scooper to pick up that product along with the two other products adjacent to it. Alice repeats this process until there are no more products left in the inventory. Alice wants to find the sum of the weights of the lightest products which can be chosen in every selection. Note: If there are two products with the lightest weight at different indexes, Alice chooses the product at the smallest index. If the product only has one other product adjacent to it, then the product itself and the single adjacent product will be removed. Example Let there be n=4 products in the inventory with weights represented by weights =[4,3,2,1]. - First, choose the minimum weight (i.e., 1) and add that weight up to the total. The products with weights 2 and 1 are removed. The array of products is now [4,3]. - Then, choose the minimum weight from the remaining products (i.e., 3) and add that weight up to the total. The products with weights 3 and 4 are removed, and now there are no more products in the inventory. Hence, the total is 1+3=4. Function Description Complete the function findTotalWeight in the editor below. findTotalWeight has the following parameter: products: the array of integers denoting the weights of the products in the inventory Returns int: an integer denoting the sum of minimum weighted products at each selection. Constraints - 3≤w≤2000 - 3≤ length of products ≤2000 - 1≤ products [i]≤10
5
Language Python 3 Q Autocol
To find the sum of the weights of the lightest products chosen in every selection, we can use dynamic programming. Create an array to store the weights of the products and update it based on the minimum weight encountered so far. Return the sum of the weights of the lightest products chosen in every selection.
Explanation:In this problem, Alice is picking products from an inventory in a retail mart using a scooper that can pick up three products at a time. She picks the lightest remaining product along with the two adjacent products until there are no more products left. The goal is to find the sum of the weights of the lightest products chosen in every selection.
To solve this problem, we can use dynamic programming. We'll create an array of size n to store the weights of the products. We'll iterate through the array, keeping track of the minimum weight encountered so far and summing up the weights of the lightest products chosen in each selection.
Here's an example:
Let's assume the weights of the products are [4, 2, 5, 1].We initialize an array dp of size n with all elements set to 0.We iterate through the array and update dp[i] as dp[i] + min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2], dp[i-3]) + weights[i], where min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2], dp[i-3]) represents the minimum weight encountered so far.We return dp[n-1], which represents the sum of the weights of the lightest products chosen in every selection.Learn more about Dynamic programming here:https://brainly.com/question/34482985
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Sako Company has a Hi-Fi Division that could use this speaker in one of its products. The Hi-Fi Division will need 5,000 speakers per year. It has received a quote of $81 per speaker from another manufacturer. Sako Company evaluates division managers on the basis of divisional profits.
1. Assume the Audio Division sells only 20,000 speakers per year to outside customers.
a. From the standpoint of the Audio Division, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price for speakers sold to the Hi-Fi Division?
b. From the standpoint of the Hi-Fi Division, what is the highest acceptable transfer price for speakers acquired from the Audio Division?
c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? If left free to negotiate without interference, would you expect the division managers to voluntarily agree to the transfer of 5,000 speakers from the Audio Division to the Hi-Fi Division?
d. From the standpoint of the entire company, should the transfer take place?
2. Assume the Audio Division is selling 22,500 speakers per year to outside customers.
a. From the standpoint of the Audio Division, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price for speakers sold to the Hi-Fi Division?
b. From the standpoint of the Hi-Fi Division, what is the highest acceptable transfer price for speakers acquired from the Audio Division?
c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? If left free to negotiate without interference, would you expect the division managers to voluntarily agree to the transfer of 5,000 speakers from the Audio Division to the Hi-Fi Division?
d. From the standpoint of the entire company, should the transfer take place?
3. Assume the Audio Division is selling 25,000 speakers per year to outside customers.
a. From the standpoint of the Audio Division, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price for speakers sold to the Hi-Fi Division?
b. From the standpoint of the Hi-Fi Division, what is the highest acceptable transfer price for speakers acquired from the Audio Division?
c. What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? If left free to negotiate without interference, would you expect the division managers to voluntarily agree to the transfer of 5,000 speakers from the Audio Division to the Hi-Fi Division?
d. From the standpoint of the entire company, should the transfer take place?
Answers
A transfer price refers to the price charged by one department of an organization for the supply of products or services to another division of the same company.
The transfer price should be such that it should not only facilitate the transfer of goods or services but also help the company to maximize its profits , the company must consider various factors such as market price, the cost of production, and the sales volume while deciding on the transfer price.
Let us answer each question one by one.1. Assume the Audio Division sells only 20,000 speakers per year to outside . From the standpoint of the Audio Division, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price for speakers sold to the Hi-Fi Division? The lowest acceptable transfer price for speakers sold to the Hi-Fi Division is $58 per speaker. (Calculation: As Audio Division sells 20,000 speakers to outside customers and Hi-Fi Division requires 5,000 speakers, the total demand for speakers is 25,000.
The range of acceptable transfer prices is $61.5 to $81 per speaker. If left free to negotiate, the division managers will agree on the transfer of speakers if the transfer price lies between $61.5 and $81 per speaker. d. From the standpoint of the entire company, should the transfer take place? Yes, the transfer should take place as the company will be able to utilize the spare capacity of the Audio Division and earn a profit.
The range of acceptable transfer prices is $65 to $81 per speaker. If left free to negotiate, the division managers will agree on the transfer of speakers if the transfer price lies between $65 and $81 per speaker.
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Jasper Auto Inc is going to Invest in a new machine to produce Part A. The cost of the machine is s400,000. Part A will have variable cost per unit of $75.00 and the sales price per unit will be $140.00. Fixed costs will be $80,000. The machine is expected to have a life of eight years. Jasper Auto requires a return of 10% on their investments. Required: Ignoring the effect of taxes, calculate the following. Round all your answers to two decimal points. a. Accounting Break-even quantity (2 marks) b. Cash Break-even quantity ( 2 marks) c. Financial Break-even quantity (4 marks) d. Degree of operating leverage.
Answers
a) Accounting Break-even quantity:Accounting break-even point (ABEP) is the number of units a business must sell to earn zero profit and zero loss. To calculate the Accounting Break-even quantity of Jasper Auto Inc, we use the formula below:
ABEP = Fixed Cost / Contribution Margin per unit Contribution Margin per unit = Sales Price per unit - Variable Cost per unit Contribution Margin per unit = $140 - $75 = $65 Fixed Costs = $80,000ABEP = $80,000 / $65 = 1230.77 ≈ 1231 units
b) Cash Break-even quantityCash Break-even Point (CBEP) is the minimum sales required to cover the company’s variable and fixed costs and earn zero profit and zero loss. To calculate the Cash Break-even quantity of Jasper Auto Inc, we use the formula below:
CBEP = Fixed Costs / (Price per Unit - Variable Cost per unit)CBEP = $80,000 / ($140 - $75) = 1076.92 ≈ 1077 unitsc) Financial Break-even quantity.
The Financial Break-even Point (FBEP) is the quantity of products a business must sell to break even when the cost of capital is included.
To calculate the Financial Break-even quantity of Jasper Auto Inc, we use the formula below:FBEP = (Fixed Costs + (Cost of Capital x Machine Cost)) / (Sales Price per unit - Variable Cost per unit)Cost of Capital = 10% of $400,000 = $40,000FBEP = ($80,000 + ($40,000 x $400,000)) / ($140 - $75) = 13,076.92 ≈ 13,077 unitsd) Degree of operating leverage:
Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) measures the percentage change in operating income when sales quantity changes by 1%.
To calculate the Degree of Operating Leverage, we use the formula below:
DOL = Contribution Margin / Operating IncomeContribution Margin = $140 - $75 = $65Operating Income = (Sales Quantity x Sales Price per unit) - Fixed CostDOL = $65 / [(Sales Quantity x $140) - $80,000]When Jasper Auto Inc sells 1231 units of Part A,DOL = $65 / [(1231 x $140) - $80,000]DOL = 1.70
Therefore, the Degree of Operating Leverage is 1.70.
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Suppose today a 10 % coupon bond with a $ 1,000 face value sells at par. Two years from now, the required return on the same bond falls to 8 % .
Answers
Suppose a 10 % coupon bond with a $ 1,000 face value sells at par. Two years later, the required return on the same bond falls to 8 %.The selling price of the bond today, when it sells at par value, is $1,000 because the coupon rate of 10% is equal to the required rate of return of 10%.
We may calculate the price of a bond using the following formula:Price of bond = PV of interest payments + PV of the principal amountThe PV of the interest payments is the present value of an annuity of $100 with a 10% rate of return for 20 years (the bond's life). We can get this value by using an annuity table. The PV of the principal amount is the present value of a $1,000 lump sum received in 20 years.
Again, we may use a table to figure this out. Thus, the bond's current selling price is $1,000.The bond's price will rise to $1,122.66 if the required rate of return falls from 10% to 8%, but the bond's coupon rate remains at 10%. We may use the formula for the bond price to find this out.
Here's the equation for the bond price calculation when the rate of return falls to 8%:Price of bond = PV of interest payments + PV of the principal amountPV of interest payments = $100 x [(1 – 1 / (1 + r) n) / r]PV of the principal amount = $1,000 / (1 + r)nPrice of bond = [tex]$100 x [(1 – 1 / (1 + 0.08)20) / 0.08] + $1,000 / (1 + 0.08)[/tex] 20Price of bond = $1,122.66As a result, a 10% coupon bond with a $1,000 face value selling at par will increase in price to $1,122.66 if the required return on the same bond falls to 8%.
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Critically analyse any FOUR (4) strategies, which contemporary organisations may adopt in order to attain and maintain competitive advantage. The discussion should include a description of the strategies and an indication of the training and development initiatives that would be suitable for the identified strategies.
Answers
In today’s ever-changing business landscape, contemporary organizations are expected to go above and beyond in order to achieve and maintain a competitive edge. The following are four strategies that organizations may use to attain and maintain a competitive edge.
Cost Leadership Strategy: This strategy entails providing the best value to customers at the lowest possible price. This can be accomplished through cost-cutting measures and supply chain optimization. For example, a retail business may purchase raw materials in bulk, negotiate with suppliers, and streamline the supply chain. Cost leadership is achieved by reducing costs while maintaining quality, which can result in a significant cost advantage over competitors.
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MNO's taxable income was $900 during 2023. MNO had product warranty costs of $360 recognizable for tax purposes and $400 recognizable for financial accounting purposes. MNO had no other temporary differences. MNO's pre-tax accounting income for 2023 would be: a. $860 b. $900 c. $940 d. $1,260
Answers
MNO's pre-tax accounting income for 2023 would be $940.Explanation:Temporary differences are the differences between the financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will reverse and affect taxable income in future years.
Temporary differences may arise from differences in the timing of when transactions affect the two different bases, differences in the measurement of tax rules and financial accounting rules, and the use of different tax rates to calculate tax expense. In the given scenario, the amount of product warranty costs of $400 recognizable for financial accounting purposes will be reversed as taxable income in future years. So, this represents a temporary difference.The taxable income of MNO is $900, which represents the amount that is calculated as per tax rules. For temporary differences, the accounting income is adjusted to derive the taxable income. Thus, pre-tax accounting income = taxable income + temporary differences. Temporary difference = $400 - $360 = $40. Pre-tax accounting income for MNO would be:$900 + $40 = $940Hence, the correct answer is option C.
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4-8. Assume you have been invited to speak on the topic "Global
Cotton Consumption: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly." What key
points would you cover?
Answers
Title: Global Cotton Consumption: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Introduction:
Global cotton consumption has significant implications for both the economy and society.
While it provides sustainable livelihoods to farmers in developing countries and supports the textile industry, it is also associated with environmental degradation, including the extensive use of water, pesticides, and fertilizers. Furthermore, the dark side of cotton consumption involves labor abuses, particularly child labor. This speech will discuss the positive aspects of global cotton consumption, its negative environmental impacts, and the issue of labor exploitation.
The Good:
One of the most significant benefits of global cotton consumption is the provision of sustainable livelihoods to farmers, particularly in developing countries. Over 250 million people worldwide depend on cotton as their primary source of income. Additionally, cotton farming empowers women, as approximately 70% of cotton is produced by women farmers. Moreover, cotton is a versatile and durable crop that plays a vital role in the textile industry, contributing to various economic sectors.
The Bad:
Cotton farming is not without its drawbacks. It requires a substantial amount of water, pesticides, and fertilizers, which contribute to environmental issues. The excessive use of these inputs leads to soil degradation and a decline in biodiversity. In fact, cotton is the most pesticide-dependent crop globally, accounting for around 16% of the world's total insecticide use. The continuous degradation of soil quality and environmental pollution are concerning consequences of unsustainable cotton farming practices.
The Ugly:
Global cotton consumption is also connected to labor abuses, particularly child labor, in developing countries. The textile industry has a notorious reputation for exploiting workers, including low wages, long working hours, and lack of employment security. Shockingly, a report reveals that more than 170 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are involved in child labor worldwide. The prevalence of child labor in cotton harvesting is often attributed to the combination of low wages and poor working conditions.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, while global cotton consumption has provided sustainable livelihoods for millions of farmers and contributed to economic growth, its negative impacts on the environment and society cannot be ignored. Sustainable cotton production practices must be adopted to mitigate the excessive usage of water, pesticides, and fertilizers, safeguard soil quality, and preserve biodiversity. Additionally, efforts must be made to address labor abuses and eliminate child labor from the cotton industry. Only through responsible and sustainable practices can we ensure a future where cotton consumption benefits both the economy and the well-being of people worldwide.
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Your best friend, Linda is upgrading her current house and is planning to get married in 4 months time. Linda has a budget of $25,000.00 for the upgrade and $20,000.00 for the wedding but she is very busy. She asked you to help develop budget plans for these projects - upgrading her house and her wedding. She wants a beach wedding with 30 guests and contemporary upgrades for the home. – 1. First, help Linda to identify some of the cost items that she must consider in coming up with a cost estimate for her wedding project. You will need to describe the scope for this project and develop a work. breakdown structure (WBS) that identifies the activities involved.
- Using the information discussed in class regarding the integrated budget planning technique, develop an integrated budget plan for this wedding showing the interrelatedness between project scope, schedule and costs. You need to design a realistic budget integration plan, which I will collect in order to facilitate grading of this assignment. 2. Describe 2 cost estimating methods that Linda could use in determining the budget for the upgrade of her house. Explain to Linda the advantages and disadvantages of both methods. 3. Describe three cost control techniques Linda could use in both of these projects.
Answers
1. First, help Linda to identify some of the cost items that she must consider in coming up with a cost estimate for her wedding project. You will need to describe the scope for this project and develop a work breakdown structure (WBS) that identifies the activities involved.
The following are some cost items that Linda must consider while developing cost estimates for her wedding project:
Suits and gowns for bride and groom and bridal party
Music and entertainment
Catering and drinks
Wedding invitations and souvenirs
Decorations and flowers
Transportation of the wedding party and guests
Photography and videography
Renting of a venue or equipment
Rehearsal dinner and other small expenses
The scope of the project involves a beach wedding with 30 guests. The work breakdown structure is as follows:
Develop a guest list
Choose a wedding date and venue
Hire caterers, entertainment, and vendors for the wedding ceremony and reception
Order wedding invitations, souvenirs, and other materials
Decorate the venue in the chosen theme
Hire transportation services
Arrange for wedding photography and videography
Budget for rehearsal dinner and small expenses
2. Describe 2 cost-estimating methods that Linda could use in determining the budget for the upgrade of her house. Explain to Linda the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.
Two cost-estimating methods that Linda could use in determining the budget for the upgrade of her house are:
Analogous Estimating
Parametric Estimating
The advantages of analogous estimating are:
It requires less time, resources and expertise.
It is useful when there is limited information on the project.
The disadvantage of analogous estimating is that it may lead to an inaccurate estimate if the project data used is not reliable or if there are too many variables.
Parametric estimating advantages are:
It uses statistical data, which is more reliable.
It is quicker and more accurate because it uses historical data.
The disadvantage of parametric estimating is that the statistical data used may not be reliable if the project being estimated is unique and different from previous ones.
3. Describe three cost control techniques Linda could use in both of these projects.
Three cost control techniques Linda could use in both of these projects are:
Budgeting cost control, where the actual cost is compared to the budgeted cost, and the difference is analyzed.
Variance analysis cost control, where any significant deviations from the planned costs are analyzed and corrective measures taken.
Reserve analysis cost control, where a reserve amount is set aside to handle any unforeseen expenses or changes in the project plan.
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Take me to the text On September 21, 2021, Turbo Food Truck brought its truck to a garage, which upgraded the truck's exhaust system to increase its fuel efficiency. An engine was also replaced to extend the useful life of the truck by three years. In addition, the garage completed an oil change on the truck. The oil change is part of routine maintenance, which takes place every few months. The invoice from the garage shows the exhaust system upgrade cost $2,090, the engine replacement cost $750, and the oil change cost $130. Turbo Food Truck will pay for this invoice next month. Prepare the journal entries to record the exhaust system upgrade, engine replacement and oil change on September 21.
Answers
Journal entries are recorded in the general journal in a double-entry accounting system. The transactions are entered in a chronological sequence as they occur.
On September 21, the turbo food truck's exhaust system was upgraded to increase its fuel efficiency, which cost $2,090. The truck's engine was also replaced to extend its useful life by three years, which cost $750.
An oil change was also done at the garage, which is part of routine maintenance and occurs every few months, which cost $130. The exhaust system upgrade entry will debit the Exhaust System account by $1,045 and credit the Cash/Bank account by $2,090.
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You are the owner of a bakery in GTA. You have a loyal clientele and your product/service is positioned well in the marketplace. The retail price your customers pay for bread or pastry is exactly the same as at your competitors. However, the wholesale price you pay for your gluten-free flours (from which you make your pastries) has just increased by 25%. You know that you cannot absorb this increase and that you must pass it on to your customers. However, you are concerned about the consequences of an open price increase. You must forecast the possibilities of two altemative price-increase strategies that address these concems. Also, to include: consider the external and internal variables that might impact your ability to implement each of these three strategies. Hint think about the fixed and variable costs of this operation - how might these be incorporated in your answer.
Answers
As the owner of a bakery in GTA, an open price increase can negatively affect the business. Two alternative price increase strategies can be adopted to address this concern: incremental price increase or absorption of the cost.The first alternative is to incrementally increase the prices of gluten-free pastries and bread, by passing on the increased costs in smaller increments over an extended period.
External variables that may impact the ability to implement each strategy include consumer behavior and the intensity of competition within the market. The internal variables that may impact the ability to implement each strategy include fixed and variable costs associated with the production and selling of gluten-free pastries and bread, the structure of the business, and the overall financial performance of the business.
Fixed costs refer to the expenses that do not vary with the level of production or sales of products or services. Variable costs refer to expenses that are associated with the production and sale of gluten-free pastries and bread. To determine the impact of the price increase strategies on the business, fixed and variable costs should be taken into account.
In conclusion, the two alternative price increase strategies are incremental price increase or absorption of costs. The ability to implement each strategy may be impacted by internal and external variables, including fixed and variable costs. To determine the impact of the price increase strategies, it is crucial to take into account the business objectives, mission, and vision.
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Management of Sycamore Home Furnishings is considering acquiring a new machine that can create customized window treatments. The equipment will cost $263,400 and will generate cash flows of $85,000 over each of the next six years. If the cost of capital is 12 percent, what is the MIRR on this project? (Round intermediate calculations to 4 decimal places, e.g. 15.1534 and final answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.52%. Do not round factor values.)
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Sycamore Home Furnishings is considering acquiring a new machine that can create customized window treatments. The equipment will cost 263,400 and will generate cash flows of $85,000 over each of the next six years. If the cost of capital is 12 percent,
what is the MIRR on this project?
MIRR stands for Modified Internal Rate of Return and is used to compare different investment projects of the same size but with different cash flows. It considers both the initial investment and the cash inflows and outflows over the life of the investment.
The first step in computing the MIRR is to calculate the future value of the cash inflows and outflows at the cost of capital rate, which is 12 percent for this project.
Using Excel’s FV function, the future value of the cash inflows and outflows is calculated for six years at a rate of 12 percent. image The terminal value, which is the value of all future cash inflows beyond the sixth year, is computed by multiplying the future value of the cash inflows in year six by (1 + cost of capital rate) raised to the power of the number of years beyond year six. image The total future value of the cash inflows and outflows is calculated by summing the future value of the cash inflows and outflows for each year, as well as the terminal value.
image The internal rate of return (IRR) is then calculated by finding the interest rate that equates the total future value of the cash inflows and outflows to zero. Using Excel’s IRR function, the IRR is calculated to be 18.79 percent. image Finally, the MIRR is computed by assuming that the cash inflows are reinvested at the cost of capital rate, which is 12 percent for this project.
Using Excel’s MIRR function, the MIRR is computed to be 15.13 percent. Therefore, the MIRR on this project is 15.13 percent.
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Nifty Nail Salon Limited is trying to determine the standard labour cost of a manicure. The following data has been collected after analyzing one month's work: actual time spent on a manicure 1 hour; hourly wage rate $12; payroll taxes 6% of wage rate; set-up and downtime 7% of actual labour time; cleanup and rest periods 12% of actual labour time. Determine the standard direct labour hours per manicure. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.) Determine the direct labour cost per direct labour hour. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.) If a manicure took 1 hour at the standard hourly rate, what is the direct labour quantity variance on that one manicure? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.) Quantity variance $ If one employee has an hourly wage rate of $12.50 and she worked 30 hours on completing manicures for the week, what is the direct labour price variance? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.)
Answers
The question requires that we determine the standard direct labor hours per manicure, the direct labor cost per direct labor hour, the direct labor quantity variance for a single manicure, and the direct labor price variance for a week of manicures.
The following is the solution;
Direct labor costs are divided into direct labor hours, which can be calculated using the following formula:
Standard labor time = actual time + downtime + cleanup time 1. 7% of actual labor time is required for setup and downtime.
Since 1 hour was spent on the manicure, this equates to 0.07 x 1 hour = 0.07 hours
2. 12% of actual labor time is spent on cleaning and rest periods. This equates to 0.12 x 1 hour = 0.12 hours
Therefore, the standard labor time per manicure is calculated as follows:
Standard labor time = Actual time + Setup and downtime + Cleanup time= 1 + 0.07 + 0.12= 1.19 hours
Standard direct labor hours per manicure is 1.19 hours.
Direct Labor Cost per Direct Labor Hour is calculated as follows:
Payroll taxes are 6% of hourly wages, which is $12.
This equates to 0.06 x $12 = $0.72.
Labor cost per hour = hourly wage rate + payroll taxes= $12 + $0.72= $12.72
Therefore, the direct labor cost per direct labor hour is $12.72.
Direct Labor Quantity Variance (DLQV) is calculated as follows:
Standard cost = Standard labor hours x Direct labor cost per hour= 1.19 x $12.72= $15.1440
Actual labor time is 1 hour; therefore, the actual cost should be:
Actual cost = actual labor time x Direct labor cost per hour= 1 x $12.72= $12.72
The DLQV is calculated as follows:
DLQV = Standard cost - Actual cost= $15.1440 - $12.72= $2.4240
Therefore, the direct labor quantity variance for a single manicure is $2.42.
Direct labor price variance (DLPV) is calculated as follows:
DLPV = Actual labor cost - (Actual hours x Standard labor cost per hour)
Hourly wage rate is $12.50 and actual hours worked are 30. Actual labor cost is 30 x $12.50 = $375.
Standard labor cost per hour is $12.72.
Therefore, the standard labor cost for 30 hours is 30 x $12.72 = $381.60
Therefore, DLPV = $375 - $381.60= -$6.60
Therefore, the direct labor price variance for one week is -$6.60.
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Last year the imaginary country of Wadiya had a population of 10.6 people worked 8 hours a day, and produced a real GDP of $32,000. The imaginary country of Baklava had a population of 12,8 people worked 6 hours a day, and produced a real GDP of $38,00. Which of the following is correct? Baklava had the higher productivity and higher real GDP per person. Wadiya had the higher productivity while Baklava had the higher real GDP per person. Wadiya had higher productivity and higher real GDP per person. Baklava had the higher productivity while Wadiya had the higher real GDP per person. Assuming no crowding-out, investment-accelerator, or multiplier effects, how will a $100 billion increase in government expenditures shift aggregate demand? It will shift aggregate demand left by more than $100 billion. It will shift aggregate demand right by less than $100 billion. It will shift aggregate demand right by more than $100 billion. It will shift aggregate demand right by $100 billion.
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According to the given scenario,Last year, the imaginary country of Wadiya had a population of 10.6 people worked 8 hours a day, and produced a real GDP of $32,000. The imaginary country of Baklava had a population of 12,8 people worked 6 hours a day, and produced a real GDP of $38,00. Baklava had the higher productivity while Wadiya had the higher real GDP per person.
Therefore, Baklava had the higher productivity while Wadiya had the higher real GDP per person and a $100 billion increase in government expenditures will shift aggregate demand right by less than $100 billion.
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A company that tracks inventory and places an order for a lot size Q when the inventory declines to the reorder point (ROP) is using
A) continuous review.
B) daily review.
C) occasional review.
D) periodic review.
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D) periodic review A company that tracks inventory and places an order for a lot size Q when the inventory declines to the reorder point (ROP) is using
The company described in the scenario is using a periodic review system to manage its inventory. In this system, inventory levels are checked periodically, and an order is placed to replenish the stock when the inventory reaches the predetermined reorder point (ROP). The lot size for the order is typically fixed and denoted as Q. Unlike continuous review systems where inventory levels are continuously monitored, the periodic review system allows for less frequent review and ordering, which can be more efficient for certain types of businesses and inventory management strategies.
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Question 4 (Marks: 20) Consider the various micro level barriers
to international trade that Cape Union Mart need to address before
embarking on international trade. Discuss each of these micro level
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Cape Union Mart is a well-known South African outdoor retail company. It is among South Africa's top sellers of outdoor and adventure clothing and equipment. It has gained a reputation for selling high-quality, reliable goods at competitive pricing.
However, the company faces a variety of micro-level barriers to international trade that it must address before attempting to enter foreign markets. Some of the micro-level barriers are discussed below: Tariffs and Taxes: Tariffs and taxes are a significant barrier to international trade. Each country has its tariffs, import quotas, and other trade restrictions. Cape Union Mart will have to research the import regulations of various countries before entering those markets.
It's critical to know the country's customs regulations and the import-export requirements to reduce the impact of such barriers. Cape Union Mart will have to adjust the quality of its products according to these standards, which can sometimes pose a challenge for the company. In conclusion, it's clear that Cape Union Mart will have to research various micro-level barriers that can arise before embarking on international trade. The company will have to adjust its prices, adapt to local regulation, and pay attention to currency exchanges to ensure success in global markets.
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Using the discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation method, what is the maximum loan that can be made on a property with the following annual net before-tax cash flow, assuming an 11.5% discount rate and underwriting criteria that specify a maximum loan/value ratio of 70%? Cash flows: $1 million in year 1, 1.1 million in years 2 through 4, 1.5 million in years 5 through 9, and $12 million in year 10 including reversion.
Answers
$9,080,898, is the maximum loan that can be made on a property with the following annual net before-tax cash flow.
[tex]PV = CF / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
Year 1: PV = $1,000,000 / (1 + 0.115)^1 = $892,857
Years 2 - 4:
PV = $1,100,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^2[/tex] + $1,100,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^3[/tex]+ $1,100,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^4[/tex] = $2,707,317
PV = $1,500,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^5[/tex] + $1,500,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^6[/tex] + $1,500,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^7[/tex] + $1,500,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^8[/tex] + $1,500,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^9[/tex] = $6,870,634
Year 10: PV = $12,000,000 / [tex](1 + 0.115)^{10}[/tex]
= $2,501,904
Total PV = $892,857 + $2,707,317 + $6,870,634 + $2,501,904
Total PV = $12,972,712.
Maximum loan = $12,972,712 x 70%
Maximum loan = $9,080,898.
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Define job enrichment and job enlargement by providing examples. Job enlargement sounds like a good thing. Explore what to possible disadvantages of job enlargement might be for both employers and staff.
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Job enrichment involves adding more meaningful and challenging tasks to a job to increase employee satisfaction and motivation. For example, a receptionist being given the additional responsibility of managing social media accounts for the company.
Job enlargement refers to expanding the scope of a job by adding more tasks of a similar level of complexity. For example, a cashier also being assigned inventory management duties.
Disadvantages of job enlargement for employers include potential employee resistance, increased training costs, and decreased specialization. For staff, disadvantages may include increased workload and stress, reduced job satisfaction, and limited opportunities for career growth.
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onlineshop incorporated, ubiquitous incorporated, and travelmore corporation rely on various intangible assets to operate their businesses. these companies amortize the cost of these assets using the straight-line method over the following average estimated useful lives (in years), as reported in their annual reports. type of intangible asset onlineshop, incorporated ubiquitous, incorporated travelmore corporation developed technology 3.9 4.1 2.0 trade names 4.4 8.6 10.0 customer relationships 3.6 4.0 6.0 required: based on these estimates, identify the company that uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets.
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Based on the average estimated useful lives reported in their annual reports, Travelmore Corporation uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets.
To identify the company that uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets, we need to compare the average estimated useful lives for each type of intangible asset.For developed technology, the average estimated useful lives are as follows: Onlineshop Incorporated: 3.9 years Ubiquitous Incorporated: 4.1 yearsTravelmore Corporation: 2.0 yearsFrom these estimates, we can see that Travelmore Corporation has the longest average estimated useful lives for both trade names (10.0 years) and customer relationships (6.0 years). While Onlineshop Incorporated and Ubiquitous Incorporated have longer estimated useful lives for developed technology (3.9 and 4.1 years, respectively), Travelmore Corporation's longer periods for trade names and customer relationships make it the company that uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets.
When comparing the average estimated useful lives for each type of intangible asset, we find that Travelmore Corporation uses the longest periods for amortizing most of its classes of intangible assets. The company's annual report indicates that they amortize their trade names over an average estimated useful life of 10.0 years and their customer relationships over an average estimated useful life of 6.0 years.In contrast, Onlineshop Incorporated has shorter estimated useful lives for both trade names (4.4 years) and customer relationships (3.6 years). Similarly, Ubiquitous Incorporated has shorter estimated useful lives for trade names (8.6 years) and customer relationships (4.0 years).
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Comparative balance sheets for Oriole Comparry are presented as follows. Additional information: 1. Net income for 2019 was \( \$ 135,000 \). 2. Cash dividends of \( \$ 70,200 \) were declared and pai
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Given the comparative balance sheet, net income and cash dividends declared and paid, we can determine the following items: Additional Information :Net income for 2019 was $135,000.Cash dividends of $70,200 were declared and paid. Oriole Comparry Comparative Balance Sheet.
As of December 31 Assets 20192018Current assetsCash$138,000$120,000Accounts receivable, net117,000130,000Inventory156,000172,000Prepaid expenses40,00030,000Total current assets451,000452,000Property,equipmentLand220,000200,000Buildings350,000320,000Equipment210,000180,000Accumulated depreciation(140,000)(100,000)Total property, plant, and equipment640,000600,000Total assets$1,091,000$1,052,000Liabilities Retained earnings, December 31, 2020:Retained earnings = Previous year's retained earnings + Net income - Dividends declared Retained earnings, December 31, 2020 = $120,000 + $135,000 - $70,200Retained earnings, December 31, 2020 = $184,800Current ratio :Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities Current ratio, December 31, 2020 = $451,000 / $195,000Current ratio, December 31, 2020 = 2.31 times.
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Dr.Melhoff is a general practitioner that specializes in house calls. He knows there is a set of clients that require his services due to mobility limitations, while other for luxury and convenience. Dr. Melhoff is using what type of segmentation? Behavioural Demographic Psychographic Geographic Question 8 ( 1 point) The pro forma income statement is important to the overall process of constructing pro forma statements because it allows us to determine a value for: gross profit. prepaid expenses. interest expense. change in retained earnings.
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Dr. Melhoff, a general practitioner who specializes in house calls, is using psychographic segmentation. Psychographic segmentation involves segmenting the market based on social class, lifestyle, personality traits, values, or interests.
Psychographic segmentation may also help to pinpoint the reasons why consumers buy a specific product or service and what benefits they expect from it. Dr. Melhoff recognizes that some of his clients require his services due to mobility limitations while others for luxury and convenience, which suggests that he is using psychographic segmentation. Pro forma financial statements are financial statements that forecast future financial performance based on assumptions and projections.
These statements can be prepared for any period in the future and are used for budgeting, forecasting, and decision-making. The pro forma income statement is important to the overall process of constructing pro forma statements because it allows us to determine a value for gross profit.
Gross profit is a company's revenue minus the cost of goods sold, which is the direct cost associated with the production of goods sold by a company. It is critical to determining the overall profitability of a company's operations and the value it creates.
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2. In time for Christmas, Samsung announced on October 1 last year a cut in the price of the Galaxy from $149 to $99. Sales increase from 300,000 per quarter for July through September to 500,000 per quarter for October through December.
a) Based on this information, what is your best estimate of the price elasticity of demand?
b) Are there any reasons why your estimate might actually be misleading?
c) What is your best guess as to Samsung’s rationale for such a large price cut?
Answers
a) Based on the information provided, we can estimate the price elasticity of demand using the formula: Percentage change in quantity demanded ÷ Percentage change in price. In this case, the quantity demanded increased from 300,000 to 500,000 units, which is a change of 200,000 units. The price decreased from $149 to $99, a change of $50. Calculating the percentage change in quantity demanded yields 50%, and the percentage change in price is 25%. Thus, the estimated price elasticity of demand is 2.
b) However, it is important to consider potential reasons why this estimate might be misleading. Factors other than price, such as competition or changes in production costs, could have influenced demand differently than a pure price change. Moreover, the short time period over which the price cut occurred may not provide a precise estimate of price elasticity.
c) Samsung's decision to implement such a substantial price cut could be driven by various rationales. One possibility is to boost sales and capture a larger market share. By reducing the price of the Galaxy, Samsung aimed to attract price-sensitive consumers who may have been hesitant to purchase the product previously. Additionally, Samsung may have sought to gain a competitive edge by offering a lower price for a comparable product in the market. The price cut could also have been a strategic move to clear out existing inventory before introducing a new model.
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For Topic 1 you are employed as a Quantity Surveyor, in the Christchurch area who has been asked to provide professional cost services for a new client. The client has commissioned a glamping holiday resort, including a main 4-story building and leisure amenities plus single-level and doublelevel chalets designed across the site. The project is to be built in the far Northland on the west coast of New Zealand (in the allocated site). The client wants to maximise the number of units on the site as well as being Eco Friendly in its construction. They have expressed environmental concerns and the desire to minimise CO2 emissions from the building in both construction and operation. A key in this respect is efficiency in terms of minimising waste in all its forms including materials, wastewater, time and energy, both in construction and in use. The client has an ambitious plan for the site to be operational 1 st September 2023. Task A: (8 marks,450 to 500 words total) Identify and discuss the client's requirements in terms of Time, Cost and Quality. Additional Project Scenario Information: As this is a new venture for the company, they have asked you to provide an indication of the key factors which are likely to affect the design of the new development and so influence the project cost. Task B: (8 marks, 450 to 500 words total) Prepare a Report for the client, highlighting the factors which you consider are likely to have a significant impact on the design solution and thus on project cost. Additional Project Scenario Information: Having considered the design and cost implications, the company have now asked you to provide an early indication of likely project cost before they make a final commitment to the project. Task C: (9 marks, 450 to 500 words total) 1) Explain to the client the single most appropriate cost forecasting method applicable for the project 2) Describe to the client the benefits of using this particular method and the challenges associated with the chosen cost forecasting method. 3) Outline in detail to the client the how you would source cost data to prepare your cost forecast and outline the challenges associated specifically with this project.
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Client's requirements in terms of Time, Cost, and Quality Time: The client has an ambitious plan to make the site operational on 1st September 2023. Hence, the project needs to be completed within the deadline.
Cost: The client wants to minimize CO2 emissions from the building in both construction and operation. The company wants to use eco-friendly materials and practices for the construction to minimize waste and maximize efficiency. The client wants to maximize the number of units on the site.Quality: The client wants the site to be eco-friendly and minimize waste in all forms including materials, wastewater, time, and energy, both in construction and in use.
Hence, choosing the right material is crucial.Labor and Equipment: Availability of skilled labor, equipment, and machinery at the site location plays an important role in determining project costs.Permitting and Regulations: There might be permits and regulations to follow before the construction begins, which can have a significant impact on the project . The most appropriate cost forecasting method applicable for the project is Bottom-up cost . There are challenges associated with this project, like the remote location of the site, which can make material and labor costs more expensive than usual. The site conditions might need more specialized labor and machinery, which can increase costs.
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Discouraging child labor is is a strategy used by the following union model: A. demand-enhancement model B. inclusive union model C. exclusive union model
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The inclusive union model is a strategy used by labor unions to advocate for the rights and welfare of all workers, including those who may be marginalized or vulnerable.
This model focuses on promoting social justice, equity, and inclusivity within the labor movement. Discouraging child labor aligns with the principles of the inclusive union model because it aims to protect the rights of children and ensure they are not exploited in the workforce. Child labor is widely recognized as a violation of human rights and is associated with numerous negative consequences for children's well-being, education, and future opportunities. In the inclusive union model, unions work to create fair and decent work conditions for all workers, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, or other characteristics. They advocate for policies and practices that protect workers' rights, improve working conditions, and eliminate exploitative practices such as child labor.
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Which of the following statements concerning FAIR plans is (are) true?
I. All property is eligible for coverage regardless of physical condition.
II. Losses and expenses are shared by insurers who participate in a plan.
a) I only
b) II only
c) both I and II
d) neither I nor II
Answers
A Fair Plan is an association or organization formed by property insurance companies to provide insurance coverage to property owners who are unable to obtain coverage in the standard market.
The insurance is limited to damages resulting from the natural disasters or fires. All property is eligible for coverage regardless of physical condition is a true statement concerning FAIR plans. The Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) Plan was formed in 1968 to address the problem of the availability of insurance for individuals living in areas prone to natural catastrophes such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and wildfires.
When a state has a FAIR plan in place, property owners can purchase insurance for their homes or commercial properties. The premiums are usually higher than the standard market's premiums, but this plan ensures that owners can obtain coverage. This is the only way the insurance companies will be able to cover all the costs and still make some profit. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is alternative c) both I and II.
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Name at least one business in your community that operates an
EOC. Discuss the model used to operate the EOC. There
are numerous businesses that operate EOC either locally or
alternate location.
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One of the businesses in my community that operates an EOC (Emergency Operations Center) is the local hospital. The hospital's EOC model is designed to respond to emergencies such as natural disasters, pandemic outbreaks, power outages, and other crises that may require their response.
The hospital's EOC operates under the Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) model. This model is intended to standardize incident management across hospitals and other healthcare organizations. It provides a set of management tools to enable hospitals to better manage incidents of any size or type. The hospital's EOC follows a four-phased approach which includes:
Preparedness: In this phase, the hospital identifies potential hazards, develops policies, plans, and procedures for emergency management, and trains employees on their roles in the EOC. Response: During this phase, the EOC responds to the emergency event by activating emergency plans, mobilizing staff, equipment, and supplies, and implementing their incident command structure.
Recovery: Once the emergency situation is over, the hospital focuses on recovery efforts, which include assessing the damage, evaluating their response, and implementing corrective measures to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future.
Mitigation: In this phase, the hospital focuses on reducing the impact of future emergencies by implementing measures to prevent or minimize the damage caused by an emergency event.
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which of the following is not a valid theory that attempts to explain the shape of the term structure of interest rates?
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The liquidity premium theory is not a valid theory that tries to describe the shape of the term structure of interest rates. A liquidity premium is a rate of return demanded by investors for purchasing assets that are deemed more illiquid than other investments with similar maturities.
It's typically based on the concept that investments with less liquidity are more vulnerable to changes in market conditions and may be more difficult to sell at a reasonable price. Theories that describe the shape of the term structure of interest rates include:
Expectations theory is a term structure theory that assumes that long-term interest rates reflect the expectations of future short-term interest rates and the relevant risk premiums over time.
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Which of the following statements are correct in describing the efficiency of new public expenditures?(Check all that apply.)
Though the government typically funds socially valuable projects as part of a countercyclical fiscal policy, government waste is often a problem. The efficiency of public expenditures deteriorates when large sums of new government expenditures need to be spent quickly. The urgency makes it harder to identify and efficiently implement the projects that are socially beneficial. In addition, many of the projects with the highest social return have been funded already, raising the chance that a new project won't be socially desirable. Sometimes politics and special interests also get in the way, increasing the chances that wasteful projects with negative social value get funded. Finally, another important determinant of the effectiveness of expenditure-based policies is the lag in implementation. Long lags raise the concern that by the time many of the projects are implemented, the economy might already be past the point where these projects would have been most useful.
Answers
The correct statements that describe the efficiency of new public expenditures are as follows:Government waste is often a problem when the government typically funds socially valuable projects as part of a countercyclical fiscal policy.
Many of the projects with the highest social return have already been funded, raising the chance that a new project won't be socially desirable. Politics and special interests often get in the way, increasing the chances that wasteful projects with negative social value get funded. Long lags raise the concern that by the time many of the projects are implemented, the economy might already be past the point where these projects would have been most useful.
The efficiency of public expenditures deteriorates when large sums of new government expenditures need to be spent quickly. The urgency makes it harder to identify and efficiently implement the projects that are socially beneficial. These are the statements that describe the efficiency of new public expenditures.
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Take me to the text
The Marking Company's cash account decreased by $14,000. Net cash provided by operating activities was $24,000. Net cash used by investing activities was $21,000. Based on this information, calculate the net cash provided (used) by financing activities.
Do not enter dollar signs or commas in the input boxes. Use the negative sign for a decrease in cash.
Increase or decrease in cash from financing activities = $-17000
Explanation
Net change in cash balance = $24,000-$21,000 - $17,000-$14,000
Correct
Marks for this submission: 1.00/1.00
Answers
The following formula can be used to determine the net cash provided (or used) by financing operations based on the information provided:
Net cash supplied by operating activities plus net cash used for investments plus net cash provided (or used) for financing activities equals the net change in the cash balance. Given: Net cash used for investing activities is $21,000, whereas net cash used for operating activities is $24,000 (positive). A $14,000 (negative) decrease in cash was made from the cash account. We can rewrite the formula to get the net cash provided (or used) by financing activities: Net change in cash balance - (Net cash provided by operating operations + Net cash used by investment activities) is equal to net cash provided (or used) by financing activities. replacing the specified values: Net cash supplied (or spent) by financing operations is equal to ($14,000) - ($24,000 + ($21,000)). Net cash spent (or given) for financing activities is equal to -$14,000 - $24,000 + $21,000.Net cash used or provided by financing operations is negative $17,000.As a result, the financing activities' net cash provided (or utilised) is $7,000 ($17,000).
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