After observing variations in fossils as they moved from the most ancient to the most recent sedimentary rocks, geologists were inspired to construct the geologic time scale. They were able to split the history of Earth into numerous distinct periods of time using relative dating to determine when similar organisms existed on the planet.
Today, big chunks of time on the geologic time scale are called eons. Eons can be broken up into smaller pieces called eras, and each era can be broken up into smaller pieces called periods. Figure 12.1 is a picture of the geologic time scale. We are now in the Phanerozoic eon, the Cenozoic era, and the Quarternary period.
Periods are sometimes further divided into epochs, but most of the time they are just called "early" or "late," like "late Jurassic" or "early Cretaceous." Geologic time is not broken up into chunks of the same number of years. Instead, they are broken up into chunks of time when fossils show that similar organisms were living on Earth. On the geologic time scale, pictures are often used to show how life on Earth has changed over time. It also sometimes talks about big things that happened on Earth, like when the big mountains were made or when the dinosaurs died out.
During the pre-Cambrian epoch, the earth's surface was altered by three pre-Cambrian eons: the Hadean Eon, the Archean Eon, and the Project Eon.
-At the beginning of the Precambrian epoch, when the earth was a vast lava plain, asteroids were discovered.
-Since then, the climate of the earth begins to change and the ocean is born, giving life to Earth.
-Oxygen and plumes are beginning to form, and the planet has become an ideal place for microorganisms to live.
Learn more about the Geologic Time Scale,
https://brainly.com/question/16641489
Please help and thaks
by what method is the majority of carbon moved from the lithosphere (upper part of earth's crust) to the atmosphere?
The cycle of geological carbon
The carbon cycle's geological pathway takes far longer than its biological counterpart. In actuality, the geological mechanism for carbon cycling typically requires millions of years.
Long-term carbon storage is possible in the atmosphere, liquid water bodies (primarily oceans), ocean sediment, soil, rocks, fossil fuels, and the interior of the Earth.
The oceanic carbon reservoir affects the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and vice versa. After dissolving in water, atmospheric carbon dioxide interacts with water molecules .
On land, carbon is deposited in soil as either inorganic carbon from the weathering of terrestrial rock and minerals or organic carbon from the decomposition of living organisms.
Fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, are found deeper in the earth and are made of the remains of decomposing plants that occurred in anaerobic (oxygen-free) environments. It takes millions of years for fossil fuels to form. Carbon is discharged into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when humans burn them.
Volcanic eruptions are another way for carbon to reach the atmosphere. A tectonic plate subducts under another during a process known as subduction that removes carbon-containing sediments from the ocean floor. Carbon dioxide is created during this process, and volcanic eruptions or hydrothermal vents can release it into the atmosphere.
To learn more about carbon movement from lithosphere to the atmosphere:
https://brainly.com/question/16672348
In the Northern Hemisphere, why are the south-facing sides of buildings often warmer and drier than the north-facing sides?
Answer:
Because the south-facing sides often get a bit more sunlight.
Explanation:
Please help i need this now
The source of the data collected is the U.S. Census Bureau and the date of the data collected is between 1951 and 2020.
What was the source of the data on population growth in Central Asia ?The source of a graph is often given on the graph where it can usually be seen at the bottom of the graph. Looking at the bottom of this graph, we can see that the source of the data on the Population Growth of Central Asia, is the U.S. Census Bureau.
The date of the data collected in the graph would be the range that is covered by the data. This range is from 1951 to 2020 which is therefore the date of the data.
Find out more on source of data at https://brainly.com/question/19410005
#SPJ1
Volcanos are common along the Ring of Fire..
volcano may be about to erupt.
Eurasian
Plate
Philippine
Plate B
Indo-Australian
Plate
A. Lava flows
B. Smoke clouds
OC. Earthquakes
D. Tsunamis
Pacific
Plate
Ring
of
Fire
North
American
Plate
C
Cocos
Plate
Nazca
Plate
Antarctic
Plate
are a signal that a
Caribbean
Plate
A South
American
Plate
Because tectonic plates are moving so much in the region, there are many volcanoes and disasters along the Circle of Fire.
The biggest active volcano is located where?Hawaii's Mauna Loa, the largest active volcano in the world, erupts after 38 years: NPR. After 38 years, Mauna Loa, the largest active volcano in the world, erupts in Hawaii. For the very first time in almost four decades, the Hilo Loa volcano on Hawaii's Big Island is erupting, and it is difficult to say when it will stop.
Who discovered the initial volcano?Pliny the Younger witnessed what transpired while at a village 30 miles west of Taal Volcano and recorded his observations in a letter. This is supposedly the initial
To know more about volcanos visit:
https://brainly.com/question/2681336
#SPJ21
one of the major causes of desertification is group of answer choices loss of fertile soil. flooding. demand for fuelwood. drought.
Desertification is a type of land degradation process which results losing rich land changes itself into a desert by losing its flora and fauna. Desertification due to nature action or effect by human activities .
As per central reports of India losting 32% of land. Main Causes of desertification are climate change, over urbanization for townships ,wild fires and deforestation .
Impacts of desertification :
Loss of fertile landDroughts Water scarcitySand and dust storm Flooding rate increases These all leads to poverty and hunger all over the world.Learn more about Desertification
https://brainly.com/question/13253122
Assess the extent to which tropical storms have effects on people and the
environment.
Which river flows through the middle of which central african country?
Congo river flows through the middle of which central african country.
The Congo River, formerly known as the Zaire River, is located in west-central Africa and presents the biggest challenge to boat travel. It is the second-longest river on the continent, behind the Nile, at 2,900 miles (4,700 km). Drylands that are shallow
For the water plants to flourish, these shallow areas provided the ideal conditions, which resulted in irksome obstacles for the boat The Congo is the only significant river to travel twice around the equator. Following the Nile, it is the second-largest river in Africa and the second-largest river in the entire world. Congo is 4,370 km long and covers an area of about 4,000,000 km2. The Congo River flows from eastern Africa through the Congo rainforest and twice crosses the equator.
learn about congo
https://brainly.com/question/1621896
#SPJ4
Which of the following features is formed by the action of underground water?
(a) dune
(b) cave
(c) gorge
(d) delta
The features formed by the action of underground water is (b) cave.
Water has the power to carve and shape the land in incredible ways. Underground water is no exception, with its action forming incredible features such as caves.
Caves are formed when underground water erodes and dissolves the limestone and other rocks it comes in contact with, creating winding and intricate tunnels that can stretch for miles. Hence, option b is correct.
These caves can be homes to a variety of wildlife, providing shelter and a place of refuge. They can also offer a unique experience for adventurous explorers looking to uncover the mysteries that lie beneath the surface.
To learn more about water, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/28465561
#SPJ4
What climate factors influence the difference between temperature range? (using LOWERN) LOWERN Latitude Ocean Currents Wind Elevation Relief Nearness to Water Therefore: 1 London 43.02 18.5 251M 's climate is compared to Toronto 43°40' N N/A 18,4 113 M mainly e Canada London
The temperature characteristics of a vicinity are influenced by way of herbal elements such as latitude, elevation and the presence of ocean currents. The precipitation traits of a area are influenced by elements such as proximity to mountain degrees and prevailing winds.
What are the 4 factors that have an effect on temperature and climate?The elements that affect the temperature in a unique area are:
the latitude.
height above sea level, distance from the sea, ocean currents, prevailing winds.
Water heats and cools extra slowly than landmasses. Therefore, the coastal areas will remain cooler in summer season and hotter in winter, as a result creating a extra average climate with a narrower temperature range.
Learn more about climate factors here:
https://brainly.com/question/30219651#SPJ1If your sure please help it's important
a student is using a map in which the features are distorted, and the land size is more accurate near the equator.which type of map is the student using?
The student is likely using a map that is based on the Mercator projection. The Mercator projection is a type of map that distorts the size of land masses, making them appear larger or smaller than they actually are.
This distortion is most pronounced near the poles, where land masses are significantly enlarged, while they are more accurate near the equator.One of the most notable features of the Mercator projection is that it preserves angles and direction, making it useful for navigation and marine navigation.
However, it distorts the size of landmasses, especially near the poles and it exaggerates the size of the countries near the poles. This can lead to a misrepresentation of the relative sizes of countries, and can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and misconceptions.
One of the main drawbacks of the Mercator projection is that it exaggerates the size of land masses near the poles, while shrinking the size of land masses near the equator. This can lead to a distorted understanding of the relative sizes of countries, particularly in terms of their economic and political power.
Learn more about equator at : https://brainly.com/question/17353894
#SPJ4
on which slope would you expect to find the least precipitation if winds blow against a mountain from the south?
Still, one would anticipate to find the least rush on the northern pitch of the mountain,
If winds blow against a mountain from the south. This is because the winds will be carrying the humidity down from the north side of the mountain. This can be explained by the fact that air is lifted as it moves up the mountain, cooling it and causing condensation. As the air is cooled, it releases its humidity in the form of rush. still, when the air is blown from the south, it'll not have time to cool and condense as it moves up the pitch, causing lower rush. The south- facing side of the mountain will be more likely to admit rush due to its exposure to the winds. thus, the north- facing side of the mountain is likely to witness the least quantum of rush.
To know more about condensation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15563071?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
give 5 explanation for weather forecasting
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
Data gathering: Weather forecasting begins with collecting data on current weather conditions, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and pressure. This data is gathered from weather stations, radar, and satellites.
Numerical weather prediction: This involves using mathematical models to simulate the behavior of the atmosphere based on the data gathered. These models take into account the laws of physics, such as the conservation of mass, energy, and momentum, to predict how the weather will change over time.
Data assimilation: This is the process of combining data from various sources, such as weather stations, radar, and satellites, with numerical weather prediction models. This helps to improve the accuracy of the forecast by incorporating the most up-to-date observations.
Pattern recognition: Meteorologists use pattern recognition techniques to identify patterns in the weather data, such as high and low pressure systems, fronts, and storm systems. This helps them to understand the overall weather pattern and make more accurate predictions.
Human interpretation: Weather forecasts are not just based on data and models, but also on the experience and expertise of meteorologists. They use their knowledge of meteorology and weather patterns to interpret the data and models, and to make decisions about what the forecast will be.
Describe the importance of western mountains of Pakistan
Answer:
Explanation:The western mountains of Pakistan, also known as the Hindu Kush and the Karakoram ranges, are of great importance for several reasons.
Geopolitically: They form a natural barrier between Pakistan and Afghanistan, and have played an important role in the region's history, acting as a barrier to invasions and a refuge for various ethnic and religious groups.
Ecologically: The mountains are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world. They also play an important role in regulating regional climates, acting as a barrier to monsoon rains and creating a rain shadow effect in the valleys and lowlands.
Overall, the western mountains of Pakistan are an essential part of the region's identity and play a crucial role in shaping the lives of the people who live in and around them.
To know more about mountains
https://brainly.com/question/10690247?
cookie mining lab can the landscape be restored to its orginal topography? explain why this is or is not possible.
The landscape can not be restored to its original topography because it destroys all the original nutrients and original materials.
What is Topography?A detailed study of the earth's surface is called topography.
Federal and state reclamation laws and regulations may require or imply that mined land be returned to its original use. This has been understood to necessitate restoring the mined land to its original topography, redistributing all or most of the original soil material, and re-establishing the same or similar vegetative cover. The goal of reclamation should be to create a permanently stable landscape that is both aesthetically and ecologically compatible with the surrounding undisturbed lands.
Therefore, The landscape can not be restored to its original topography.
Learn more about Topography, here;
https://brainly.com/question/2279445
#SPJ1
An earthquake occurs with an epicenter in the town of New Madrid, Missouri, in the interior of the North American Plate. Where might the hypocenter of this earthquake plausibly be found?
A. In New Madrid ("hypocenter" and "epicenter" mean precisely the same thing)
B. 10 km south of New Madrid
C. 20 km beneath New Madrid
D. 200km beneath New Madrid
The hypocenter of this earthquake plausibly founded in 20 km beneath New Madrid. The option (C) is the correct answer.
The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), located in southeast Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois, is the most seismically active region in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, despite not having the same reputation for earthquakes as California or Alaska. Major cities like Memphis, Tennessee, St. Louis, Missouri, Little Rock, Arkansas, and Evansville, Indiana are located in the region. The NMSZ experiences hundreds of tiny earthquakes each year, but the majority are too small for humans to feel and must instead be identified by sophisticated equipment.
Learn more about New Madrid here: https://brainly.com/question/29142090
#SPJ4
How does the import of oil affect pakistans economy
The import of oil significantly affects Pakistan's economy in several ways:
Trade Deficit: Pakistan heavily relies on imported oil to meet its energy needs. This results in a high trade deficit, as the cost of importing oil is much higher than the value of exports.
Balance of Payments: The high cost of oil imports also puts a strain on Pakistan's balance of payments, as it reduces the amount of foreign currency available for other imports and investments.
Inflation: The rising cost of oil imports can contribute to inflation, as the cost of transportation and other goods and services increases.
Fiscal Deficit: The government of Pakistan often subsidizes the cost of oil to keep prices low for consumers. This results in a fiscal deficit, as the government has to borrow money to cover the cost of the subsidies.
Energy Security: Pakistan's dependence on imported oil makes it vulnerable to supply disruptions and price fluctuations in the global oil market.
Contribution to GDP: The high cost of oil imports can negatively impact the growth of Pakistan's GDP as it is a major contributor to the country's trade deficit.
Overall, the import of oil is a major economic challenge for Pakistan, as it contributes to a number of negative economic impacts, such as trade deficit, balance of payments and inflation
Analyze the map below and answer the question that follows.A topographic map of mainland Southeast Asia. three lines are labeled A, B, and C. Line A goes through Burma. Line B starts in the Middle of Thailand and ends in Bangkok. Line C goes through Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia to the coastline.Image courtesy of the CIA World Factbook The lines marked by the letters A, B, and C on the map above represent __________.A.chains of volcanoesB.earthquake fault linesC.thin strips of heavy forestsD.major rivers that flow from north to south Please select the best answer from the choices providedABCD
Answer:
D. Major Rivers that flow from North to South
Explanation:
The line marked "C" is the Mekong River, and that's how I know :)
What does the author imply when he writes that the GDP figure. "looks hard, but it was arrived at by computing a staggering set of rather soft variables?
The author is most likely implying that the GDP figure, which is often considered a measure of a country's economic health and strength, is actually based on a large and complex set of data and calculations.
The data and calculations used to arrive at the GDP figure may not be entirely accurate or reliable and may be subject to interpretation and error. The author is suggesting that the GDP figure, while it may appear to be a hard and reliable number, is actually based on a lot of "soft" or uncertain variables.
The author uses the figurative words "hard" and "soft" in describing the GDP figure and the variables used to calculate it. "Hard" suggests something that is solid, firm, and reliable, while "soft" suggests something that is pliable, uncertain, and subject to change. The author uses these words to create a contrast between the perceived reliability of the GDP figure and the actual complexity and uncertainty of the data and calculations used to arrive at it.
The answer is based on general knowledge, as no context is given and no similar question was found.
Learn more about GDP figure here: brainly.com/question/28286810
#SPJ4
what landform would you expect to see after a large stratovolcano erodes away, leaving behind an intrusive igneous magma body exposed at the surface?
Answer: A Volcanic Neck
Explanation:
Why did early humans move across the Arabian peninsula?
Early humans likely moved across the Arabian Peninsula in search of resources such as water, food, and shelter. They may have also been driven by changes in climate or population pressure in their existing territories. Additionally, early human groups may have moved across the Arabian Peninsula in pursuit of trade or as part of larger migration patterns.
A particular type and age of rocks found in a mountain range are also found on another continent. Explain what this could mean.
A continental drift is particular type of rocks found in mountain range are also found on another continent.
What is a continental drift?According to the continental drift idea, as Earth's continents have shifted in relation to one another over geologic time, it has appeared as though they have "drifted" across the ocean floor. In the study of how continents migrate while being supported by plates of the Earth's lithosphere, plate tectonics has integrated the idea of continental drift. The idea that continents may have "drifted" was first put forth by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The modern understanding of mobilizm is said to have been developed by Austrian geologist Otto Ampferer. However, because the notion lacked a motivational mechanism, many people rejected it. Alfred Wegener independently and more fully explored the idea in 1912. Geologist Arthur Holmes from England later proposed mantle convection as the mechanism.
To learn more about continental drift, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/974409
#SPJ1
while exploring an ancient lava field, a geologist discovers a piece of granite that has a coating of soft, crumbling rust. what is the most likely explanation for this rust?
While exploring an ancient lava field, a geologist discovers a piece of granite that has a coating of soft, crumbling rust. The explanation for this rust is exposure to air has caused the iron-bearing minerals in the granite to oxidize.
Rock minerals react with oxygen to change their chemical makeup, a process known as oxidation. Rock minerals lose their ability to withstand weathering as they oxidize. The well-known mineral iron oxidizes to a reddish or rusty tint.
Similar to marble, granite is a hard, nonporous material that can be dyed, chipped, or otherwise altered depending on its source. The two most prevalent rocks on earth, quartz and feldspar, make up the majority of granite, which is softer than marble. The minerals mica and amphibole, which are described as "a collection of mainly dark-colored minerals often containing ions or magnesium and can be green, black, white, yellow, blue, or brown," are also found in granite.
Learn more about Rusting here:
https://brainly.com/question/29136931
#SPJ4
How long will it take to end its life cycle?
Answer:
What life cycle?
Explanation:
from a young earth view of earths history what is the difference between an active volcano and a dormant one
Volcanoes are an impressive force of nature. Physically, they dominate the landscape, and have an active role in shaping our planet’s geography. When they are actively erupting, they are an extremely dangerous and destructive force. But when they are passive, the soil they enrich can become very fertile, leading to settlements and cities being built nearby.
Such is the nature of volcanoes, and is the reason why we distinguish between those that are “active” and those that are “dormant”. But what exactly is the differences between the two, and how do geologists tell? This is actually a complicated question, because there’s no way to know for sure if a volcano is all done erupting, or if it’s going to become active again.
Put simply, the most popular way for classifying volcanoes comes down to the frequency of their eruption. Those that erupt regularly are called active, while those that have erupted in historical times but are now quiet are called dormant (or inactive). But in the end, knowing the difference all comes down to timing!
a rain gauge measures the amount of rainfall at one location over a short time period. how can a rain gauge be most effectively used to provide a partial description of climate?
A rain gauge measures the amount of rainfall at one location over a short time period. By measuring the average amount of rain per rainstorm, rain gauge can be most effectively used to provide a partial description of climate.
Meteorologists and hydrologists use rain gauges to collect and measure the volume of liquid precipitation over a specified region over time. It is used to calculate the quantity of rainfall by measuring the depth of the precipitation (often measured in mm) that falls over a certain region.
Real-time measurements of the volume of water dropping during rainfall are made using the dependable and precise rain gauge. A cumulative measurement of rainfall and other meteorological information is also provided by certain rain gauges. By displaying the volume of water per sq meter, the gadget calculates rainfall. Although there is a possibility of mistake, this does not significantly affect the measurement of rain during precipitation.
Learn more about Precipitation here:
https://brainly.com/question/14330965
#SPJ4
Politics is serious business because it can impact people's health,
wealth and happiness. t or f
Politics can be a "game" with its own specific goals and strategies. t or f
Political horse trading always involves the equine sales. t or f
In a demolition derby there is usually an outcome that is mutually
beneficial to all. t or f
It is true that politics is serious business because it can affect people's health, wealth and happiness. It is false that politics can be a "game" with its own specific goals and strategies.
What does politics simply mean?Politics is how people who live in groups make decisions. Politics is the making of agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such as tribes, cities, and countries. In large groups such as countries spend a lot of time on such arrangements.
What are Synonym and types of politics?Synonym (another word) for politics: campaigning. government. backroom. civics. electioneering. jungle. legislature. polity.
The main types of political regimes are: democratic, monarchical, oligarchic, authoritarian and totalitarian regimes.
To learn more about political parties visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29783542
#SPJ1
Topic: 1.3 1.3.1 West NA Refer to the sketches below on a mid-latitude cyclone. PLAN VIEW A 10 Mid-latitude 8 Cold sector Ili C 18 14 Refer to the plan view. 3.2 Identify front A. Warm sector Movement of mid-latitude cyclone Cyclones 12 B East N Y Cool air CROSS-SECTIONS Cold air Cold air Cool air [Source: Examiner's own sketch] Name the wind belt that causes the easterly movement of the mid-latitude cyclone.
The wind belt that causes the easterly movement of the mid-latitude cyclone is the westerlies.
What is the westerlies?The westerlies, also known as anti-trades or prevailing westerlies, are the dominant winds in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude that blow from the west toward the east. They originate from the high-pressure regions in the horse latitudes, move in a poleward direction, and generally control extratropical cyclones in this way.
At midlatitudes, the dominant winds are westerlies, which originate in the west. They are nourished by winds from the high-pressure horse latitudes and polar easterlies, which are sandwiched on either side of them.
An eastward moving low-pressure system with cyclonic rotation that occurs in the middle latitudes, between 30°N and 55°N, is referred to as a mid-latitude cyclone.
Learn more about wind on;
https://brainly.com/question/158098
#SPJ1
true/false. Suppose two independent random samples of residents from each city will be taken and the proportion of residents who ride bicycles is recorded. Based on the population proportions of residents who regularly ride bicycles, which of the following sample sizes is large enough to guarantee that the sampling distribution of the difference in sample proportions will be approximately normal
Answer:
its true
Explanation:
