This is a GCE physics past paper question. Can someone please give answer and also give reasoning.

Choose a Gaussian surface based on the symmetry of the charge distribution, and enclose the entire charge distribution.

To choose a Gaussian surface for a particular charge distribution, one should consider the symmetry of the charge distribution.

The Gaussian surface should be chosen such that the electric field due to the charge distribution is constant over the surface and the surface encloses the entire charge distribution.

If the charge distribution exhibits spherical symmetry, a spherical Gaussian surface should be chosen. If the charge distribution is planar or cylindrical, a cylindrical or planar Gaussian surface, respectively, should be chosen.

For more complex charge distributions, it may be necessary to choose multiple Gaussian surfaces to fully enclose the charge distribution and simplify the calculations. In general, the choice of Gaussian surface should be made to take advantage of any symmetries in the charge distribution and to simplify the calculations of the electric field.

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The maximum power of the pump is 24,000 W.

To determine the maximum power of the pump, we need to calculate the work done by the pump in lifting the water to a height of 60m.

First, we need to find the weight of the water that is pumped per minute:

40 litres of water * 1 kg/litre = 40 kg

Next, we can calculate the work done by the pump using the formula for work done by a force:

W = F * d

Where W is the work done, F is the force applied and d is the distance moved.

Since the weight of the water is the force acting on it, we can use that in the above formula:

W = 40 kg * 10 m/s^2 * 60 m = 24,000 J/minute

Finally, we can convert the work done per minute to power, using the formula:

P = W / t

Where P is the power and t is the time taken.

Since we know that 40 litres of water are pumped in 1 minute, we can use that as t:

P = 24,000 J/minute / 1 minute = 24,000 W

So, the maximum power of the pump is 24,000 W.

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Ammeter with internal resistance of 1.0 Ω, gives reading of 2.0 A.

To determine the ammeter reading, calculate the total resistance of the circuit and then use Ohm's law to find the current.

The total resistance of the circuit is the sum of the resistance of the 2.0 Ω resistor and the internal resistance of the ammeter, which gives,

R_total = R_1 + R_ammeter = 2.0 Ω + 1.0 Ω = 3.0 Ω

Using Ohm's law, calculate the current in the circuit,

I = V / R_total

where V is the voltage of the power supply.

Substituting the given values,

I = 6.0 V / 3.0 Ω = 2.0 A

Therefore, the ammeter reading is 2.0 A.

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Answer:

1. Machines can increase the speed of a task, allowing more work to be done in a shorter amount of time.

2. Machines can reduce the amount of physical effort required to complete a task, allowing for more efficient use of energy.

Answer: Newton's 1st Law

HOPE THIS HELPS _ MM

Vega will be about 6.5 times brighter than Sirius after the cloud passes in front of it.

The flux received from a star is,

Flux = Luminosity / (4π × distance²)

According to the HYG Database, Sirius has a distance of about 8.6 light years from us, while Vega has a distance of about 25 light years.

Original flux received from Sirius as F(S), then the flux received after the cloud passes in front of it will be 1/3 F(S). To calculate the relative brightness of Vega compared to Sirius,

(d(Sirius) / d(Vega))² = F(Vega) / F(Sirius)

where d(Sirius) and d(Vega) are the distances between Sirius and Vega, respectively.

F(Vega) = F(Sirius) × (d(Vega) / d(Sirius))²

= (1/3 F(S)) × (25 / 8.6)²

≈ 6.5 × F(Sirius)

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Answer:

For an arithmetic progression:

a = 16      first term          distance fallen in 1 sec

d = 32      and L = (n - 1) d      additional distance d in following seconds

S1 = a = 16

S2 = a + 32 = 48

S3 = a + 64 = 80

S10 = 16 + 288 = 304          arithmetic sequence

S = 1/2 n (a + L) = 10 / 2 (16 + 304) total distance in 10 terms

S = 5 * 320 = 1600 ft

Physics formula:

S = V0 t + 1/2 g t^2           V0 = 0 at t = 0

S = 32 / 2 * 100 = 1600 ft

The PPAG recommends a variety of physical activities, such as aerobic exercises, muscle-strengthening exercises, and flexibility exercises. It also includes recommendations for the frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity for various age groups and skill levels.

Individuals can ensure that they are getting the right amount and type of physical activity for their health and well-being by following these guidelines.

The Philippines Physical Activity Guidelines (PPAG) provide evidence-based physical activity recommendations to improve health and well-being. Following the PPAG's suggested activities can provide numerous benefits, including:

Improving overall health: Physical activity is linked to a lower risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. It can also aid in the management of chronic conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity.

Physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as improve overall mood and emotional well-being.

Improving physical function: Regular physical activity can help improve strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination, lowering the risk of falls and improving overall physical function.

Physical activity is an important component of a healthy weight management plan because it helps burn calories and maintain muscle mass.

Increasing social connections: Physical activities can provide opportunities to connect with others and build social support networks.

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Answer:

Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light are all examples of electromagnetic radiation, which has the properties of both particles and waves.

Explanation:

The wavelength known as lambda max provides information on the energy level of incoming radiations that a substance absorbs during its excitation.

Wavelength provides information on the radiation's intensity upon entry. It is crucial to spectroscopy because certain compounds exhibit peaks that are unique to their substituent r groups.

To achieve the absorbance value of 2, you must absorb the most.

A = 2-log%T in the equation.

If your substance has a greater absorbance, dilute it accordingly to attain the highest absorbance possible.

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As the earth crust and early atmosphere was formed, it is believed that _volcanic activity_ played a huge role in adding gases.

It is believed that volcanic activity played a huge role in adding gases to the early Earth's atmosphere as the crust and early atmosphere were formed Volcanoes release a variety of gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, among others. These gases were released in large quantities during the early stages of Earth formation when the planet was still cooling and the crust was being formed. Volcanic activity was much more frequent and intense during this time, and as a result, large amounts of gases were released into the atmosphere. The release of these gases had a significant impact on the evolution of the early Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, for example, was a major component of the early atmosphere and played a key role in regulating the planet's temperature. As more carbon dioxide was released into the atmosphere, it trapped more heat from the sun, leading to a greenhouse effect that kept the Earth warm enough to support life. Water vapor, another important gas released by volcanoes, also contributed to the greenhouse effect and played a key role in the formation of oceans and the evolution of life on Earth. In addition to adding gases to the early Earth's atmosphere, volcanic activity also played a role in shaping the planet's crust and creating the conditions that allowed life to develop. The minerals and nutrients released by volcanoes provided the raw materials necessary for the formation of rocks, soils, and living organisms. The heat and pressure generated by volcanic activity also helped to create the conditions necessary for the formation of ore deposits, oil and gas reserves, and other valuable resources that are still being exploited by humans today.

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Gold has a greater mass than silver,

5cm³ of gold has a mass of 5 × 19.3g/cm³ = 96.5g,

While 5cm³ of silver has a mass of 5 × 10.5g/cm³ = 52.5g.

To compare the masses of 5 cubic centimeters (cm³) of silver and gold, we need to multiply their densities by the volume.

For silver:

[tex]mass = density * volume[/tex]

= mass

=[tex]10.5 g/cm^3 * 5 cm^3[/tex]

= 52.5 g

For gold:

[tex]mass = density * volume[/tex]

= mass

= [tex]19.3 g/cm^3 * 5 cm^3[/tex]

= 96.5 g

Hence, 5 cm³ of gold has a greater mass than 5 cm³ of silver, 96.5 g > 52.5 g.

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The linear velocity in miles per hour of the tip of the lawnmower blade spinning at 2500 revolutions per minute in a lawnmower that cuts a path 22 inches wide is approximately 2.724 miles per hour.

To determine the linear velocity in miles per hour of the tip of the lawnmower blade, we need to use the following formula:

v = ωr

Where:

v is the linear velocity of the tip of the lawnmower blade in miles per hour

ω is the angular velocity of the lawnmower blade in radians per minute

r is the radius of the lawnmower blade.

We know that the lawnmower blade is spinning at 2500 revolutions per minute. To convert revolutions per minute to radians per minute, we need to multiply by 2π. So, the angular velocity of the lawnmower blade is: ω = 2500 rpm * 2π/60 = 261.66 rad/min

The lawnmower blade's radius is half the width of the path it cuts. Since the path is 22 inches wide, the radius is: r = 22 inches / 2 = 11 inches. To convert inches to miles, we need to divide by 63,360 (the number of inches in a mile). So, the radius in miles is:

r = 11 inches / 63,360 inches/mile = 0.0001736 miles

Now, we can use the formula to find the linear velocity:

v = ωr = 261.66 rad/min * 0.0001736 miles = 0.0454 miles/min

To convert miles per minute to miles per hour, we need to multiply by 60. So, the linear velocity in miles per hour is:

v = 0.0454 miles/min * 60 min/hour = 2.724 miles/hour

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Linear velocity in miles per hour of the tip of a lawnmower blade spinning at 2500 revolutions per minute in a lawnmower that cuts a path that is 22 inches wide is 2.724 miles per hour.

Velocity is the rate of change in position of an object with the specific time period or time range  . When the object moves along a straight path or the linear path with a particular velocity than that velocity is termed linear velocity. It is given as the ratio of distance covered to time.

The linear velocity formula is v = d/t.

v = ωr

v is linear velocity

ω is angular velocity

 r is radius

v = ωr = 261.66 rad/min * 0.0001736 miles = 0.0454 miles/min

v = 0.0454 miles/min * 60 min/hour = 2.724 miles/hour

Angular velocity is basically a time rate at which an object rotates, or an object revolves, about an axis, or the rate at which angle of the body changes.

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The average difference in air pressure between the top and bottom of the wing is 8,400 Pa. Bernoulli's principle states that as fluid speed (such as air) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases.

Assuming that the airflow over the wing is laminar, we can use Bernoulli's equation to find the difference in air pressure between the top and bottom of the wing:

P1 + 1/2 * rho * v1^2 = P2 + 1/2 * rho * v2^2

Where:

P1 is the pressure on the bottom of the wing

P2 is the pressure on the top of the wing

rho is the density of air (1.2 kg/m3 at sea level)

v1 is the velocity of airflow on the bottom of the wing

v2 is the velocity of airflow on the top of the wing

Since the wing is generating lift, we know that the upward force is equal to the airplane's weight, which is 84,000 N. We can also assume that the airflow on the bottom of the wing is roughly horizontal and that the airflow on the top is roughly vertical. Therefore, we can use the equation for the lift force:

L = 1/2 * rho * v2^2 * A

where:

L is the lift force (84,000 N)

A is the cross-sectional area of the wing (13 m2)

Solving for v2, we get:

v2 = sqrt(2 * L / (rho * A))

Plugging this into Bernoulli's principle equation and assuming that the velocity on the bottom of the wing is negligible (v1 ≈ 0), we get:

P2 - P1 = 1/2 * rho * v2^2

Substituting the values we have, we get:

P2 - P1 = 1/2 * 1.2 kg/m3 * (sqrt(2 * 84,000 N / (1.2 kg/m3 * 13 m2)))^2

Simplifying this equation, we get:

P2 - P1 = 8,400 Pa

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The work done by the weightlifter which covers a distance of 2 m and a constant net force of 350 N is 700 Joules.

The work done by a force is the product of the displacement of object and the component of applied force of the object in the direction of displacement of the object. When we push a block with some force 'f', then the body moves with some amount of acceleration, and work is done.

The force exerted to lift the weight, F is 350 N

The work done by the body is defined as the product of the force applied by the body to the displacement it caused.

W = F x s

W = 350 N x 2 m

W = 700 J

The work done by the weightlifter, W = 700 J

The time taken by the weightlifter to lift the weight, t = 2 s

The power is given by the equation,

P = W / t

P = 700 J / 2 s

P = 350 watts

Hence, the power of the weightlifter, P = 350 watts.

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Answer:

3 hours 18 minutes

Explanation:

2535 miles ÷ 780miles/hr = 3.30 which is 3 hrs and 18min

When the ball returns to his hands 0.6 seconds later, Low speeds have very little air friction. Youngster playing catch with himself while wearing a large baseball cap.

What is an object's speed?

The speed by which an object moves a distance could be thought of just like its speed. A slow-moving object travels a relatively short distance in a given length of time, whereas a fast-moving object travels a big distance in a short amount of time.

What does speed look like mathematically?

Speed is mathematically represented as follows: Distance dimension formula: M0L1T0 Time has the following dimensions: M 0 H 0 T 1. By dividing the dimensional formulas for time and distance, we arrive to the following result:

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A positive test particle released from rest would move towards a region of lower electric potential (compared to the electric potential at the point where it is released).

It is because of the fact that  positive test particle is attracted to regions of higher electric potential and repelled by regions of lower electric potential. Since the particle is released from rest, it has no kinetic energy to overcome the potential energy barrier and move against the direction of the electric field. Therefore, it will move in the direction of decreasing electric potential, which is towards the region of lower electric potential.

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The areas of physics involved in each of the following tests of lightweight metal alloy proposed for use in sailboat hulls are as follows:
a. Testing the effects of a collision on the alloy - The area of physics involved in this test is mechanics, specifically the study of forces and motion.
b. Testing the effects of extreme heat and cold on the alloy - The area of physics involved in this test is thermodynamics, specifically the study of heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.
c. Testing whether the alloy can affect a magnetic compass needle - The area of physics involved in this test is electromagnetism, specifically the study of the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

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The most likely reason for the change in moth coloration is that light-colored moths were less favored for survival in the new environment.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, there was a huge period of economic and social transformation known as the Industrial Revolution. It started in Britain and later expanded to the rest of Europe and North America. Rapid industrialization and technological advancement throughout the Industrial Revolution changed how things were produced and distributed, spurring the development of new industries and contemporary cities.

A number of events led to the start of the Industrial Revolution in Britain around the middle of the eighteenth century. The abundance of natural resources, such as coal and iron ore, which were used to power the machinery and industries that would propel the Industrial Revolution, was one of the main motivators. Britain also had a solid banking system and a stable administration, which promoted investment and development. Technological advancements like the steam engine and the spinning jenny made it possible to produce items more quickly and effectively, while the construction of new transportation infrastructure like railroads and canals made it simpler to carry finished goods and raw materials.

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With the same continuous broadband masking noise, the 4000-Hz tone is probably harder to distinguish than the 1500-Hz tone.

Generally speaking, lower-frequency noises are more easily concealed or drowned out by ambient noise than higher-frequency ones. Lower-frequency sounds have longer wavelengths than higher-frequency ones, making them more susceptible to interference and phase cancellation from the noise.

Consequently, compared to the 1500-Hz tone, the 4000-Hz tone is perhaps more challenging to distinguish from the same continuous broadband masking noise. The 4000-Hz tone is more sensitive to being masked by background noise because of its higher frequency and shorter wavelength.

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The potential energy relative to ground will be 1245.445 J. If mass= 63.5 kg, height =2m.

Potential energy in physics is the energy that an item retains as a result of its position in relation to other objects, internal tensions, electric charge, or other elements. 

The gravitational potential energy of an item, the elastic potential energy of a stretched spring, and the electric potential energy of an electric charge in an electric field are examples of common types of potential energy. The joule, denoted by the letter J, is the energy unit in the International System of Units (SI).

Although it has connections to the Greek philosopher Aristotle's concept of potentiality, the word potential energy was coined by the Scottish engineer and physicist William Rankine in the 19th century[3][4]. Forces acting on a body in a way that increases the total work have potential energy attached to them.

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Answer:

6 units

Explanation:

Gravitational force between two objects is given by the equation

[tex]F = G \dfrac{m_1m_2}{r^2}[/tex]

where

[tex]G =[/tex]universal gravitational constant
[tex]m_1[/tex], [tex];m_2[/tex] are the masses of the objects

[tex]r[/tex] = distance between the objects

We are given that F = 18 units.

If m₁ is tripled and r is also tripled then

new F = F':

[tex]F' = G \dfrac{3m_1 \cdot m_2}{(3r)^2}\\\\\\F' = G \dfrac{3m_1 \cdot m_2}{9r^{2}}\\\\\\So \dfrac{F'}{F} = G \dfrac{3m_1 \cdot m_2}{9r^{2}} \div G \dfrac{m_1 \cdot m_2}{r^{2}}[/tex]

[tex]= \dfrac{3}{9} = \dfrac{1}{3}\\[/tex]

Therefore the new F is 1/3 of the old f

In this case that would be 18/3 = 6 units

There could be various reasons some are:

1. Ignoring external factors: If there were external factors, such as friction or air resistance, that were not taken into account in the calculation, the predicted speed of block z after the collision may not match the actual speed.

2. Inaccurate initial conditions: If the initial conditions, such as the velocities or positions of the blocks, were not measured accurately or were assumed incorrectly in the calculation, the predicted speed of block z after the collision may not agree with the actual speed.

In general, predicting the outcome of a collision is a complex problem that requires accounting for many factors, some of which may not be fully understood or measurable. As a result, there may be differences between predicted and actual outcomes, especially in real-world scenarios.

To determine the exact reason why the predicted speed of block z after the collision does not agree with the actual speed, a careful analysis of the calculations, measurements, and assumptions made would be necessary.

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If the observer was to look up at midnight in late December from 0 degrees N and 96.7 degrees W, they would see Orion slightly to the south of the zenith on meridian.

Orion is a constellation that can be seen from northern and southern hemispheres, and it passes near celestial equator. At around midnight in late December, Orion is visible in southern sky, slightly to the south of zenith.

To find the position of Orion in the sky, we need to know the observer's location and the current time.  At the equator (0 degrees latitude), the celestial equator (an imaginary line in the sky directly above the Earth's equator) passes directly overhead. Therefore, if the observer is looking straight up (at the zenith), they would be looking at the celestial equator.

If the observer were to look up at a different time of year, or from a different location, the position of Orion in the sky would be different.

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Answer:

The correct answer is b) Temperature.

Explanation:

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms or molecules that compose a substance. Heat is the amount of energy transferred from one object to another.

The strength of the electric field formed by the charged rod at a distance of 80.0 cm on its central axis is 1.35 x 10^12 N/C.

The electric field created by a charged rod at a point on its central axis can be calculated using the formula,

[tex]E = \dfrac{k \lambda}{r}[/tex]

where k is Coulomb's constant (k = 9.0 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2), lambda is the linear charge density of the rod in C/m, and r is the distance from the rod to the point where the electric field is being measured, also in meters.

Substituting the given values,

[tex]E = \dfrac{9.0 \times 10^9 \times 120}{0.8}[/tex]

E = 1.35 x 10^12 N/C

Therefore, the strength of the electric field formed by the charged rod at a distance of 80.0 cm on its central axis is 1.35 x 10^12 N/C.

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Answer:

it is elastic potential energy

Explanation:

Answer:

The greater the MASS of a moving object, the GREATER KINETIC ENERGY it has.

Explanation:

Anytime matter is in motion it has kinetic energy. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. The more mass an object has, the more kinetic energy it has.

The correct option is Grape. Assuming the sun is scaled down to the size of a cantaloupe, Neptune would be approximately the size of a grape.

The actual diameter of the sun is about 1.39 million kilometers, while the diameter of Neptune is about 49,244 kilometers. This means that the sun is about 28 times larger than Neptune. If we scale down the sun to the size of a cantaloupe, which has a diameter of about 13 centimeters, then Neptune would have a diameter of approximately 0.46 centimeters, which is about the size of a grape.

To give you a better idea of the scale involved, let's compare the sizes of the sun and Neptune in their actual sizes. The sun has a diameter of about 1.39 million kilometers, while Neptune has a diameter of about 49,244 kilometers. This means that the sun is over 28 times larger than Neptune in diameter.

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