(a) IS curve is Y = 1,000 − 10r and (b) When G increases by 100, the IS curve shifts to the right and (c) When taxes decrease by 100, the IS curve shifts to the right.
To solve the given equation, we have to substitute the given values of c0, cr, cy, i0, ir, and iy in the given formula:
E = c0 + cy(Y - T) - cr(r + i0 + iyY)
The expenditure function becomes:
E = 50 + 0.3(Y - T) - 0.1(r + 50 + 0.2Y)
On simplifying, we get:
E = 5Y - r - 40T - 5r
When T and G are held exogenous and to be determined variables, then the equation can be written as:
Y = 1,000 - 10r [IS curve]
Now, if G increases by 100, then the IS curve shifts to the right. This is because an increase in G increases the aggregate demand and hence shifts the IS curve to the right.
When taxes decrease by 100, then the IS curve also shifts to the right.
This is because the decrease in taxes increases the disposable income of the consumers, which increases consumption and, thus, shifts the IS curve to the right.
If MPC rises to 0.6 while G rises by 100, and all else is kept fixed, then the equation becomes:
Y = 1,100 - 16r [IS curve]
So, an increase in MPC increases the slope of the IS curve, and hence, an increase in G causes a larger shift in the IS curve.
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On Jan. 1 of the current year, Jim and Bob form a Partnership. Jim contributes land with a FMV of $100 and Bob contributes cash of $100. If a partnership has no income, gain, loss or deductions in the year except for the sale of land, land has a tax basis of $60 but a book value of $100. (each partner 50% interest in capital, profits and losses). If the Partnership invests Bob's cash in stock, sells the stock at a tax and book gain of $30 in the same taxable year in which it sells the land, would the utilization of the "traditional method with curative allocations change anything in the transaction?
Jim contributes land with a FMV of $100 and Bob contributes cash of $100. Partnership invests Bob's cash in stock, sells the stock at a tax and book gain of $30.
The traditional method with curative allocation affects the distribution of book gain, which is a necessary component of the transaction when a partnership's assets are sold, and the gain or loss from the investment is different than the sale of land's gain or loss. This changes the allocation of income to the partners for tax purposes.
According to the scenario, Jim contributed land with an FMV of $100 and Bob contributed cash of $100 to form a partnership on January 1 of the current year. The partnership does not have any income, gain, loss, or deductions in the year except for the sale of land, which has a tax basis of $60 and a book value of $100.
Each partner has a 50% interest in capital, profits, and losses. The sale of stock at a tax and book gain of $30 in the same taxable year in which the land is sold is the only transaction. The use of the traditional method with curative allocations does not change anything in the transaction.
The allocation of the book gain that resulted from the sale of the stock and land was made based on the partners' initial capital contributions. Jim's and Bob's shares of the $30 book gain are $15 each. Therefore, for tax purposes, each partner has a $15 share of the $30 book gain.
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A taxpayer who owns 40% of the stock of Year Good, Inc. (an S corporation) began the year with a stock basis of $100,000. During the tax year the corporation earned $200,000 of ordinary income, had a capital loss of $50,000 and received $20,000 of tax-exempt income. How much year-end basis? answers - $160,000 $168,000 $250,000 $270,000
The taxpayer's year-end stock basis is $250,000, given that the taxpayer owns 40% of the stock of Year Good, Inc. (an S corporation) and started the year with a stock basis of $100,000. During the tax year, the corporation earned $200,000 of ordinary income, had a capital loss of $50,000, and received $20,000 of tax-exempt income.
Here's how we arrived at this solution. The taxpayer's initial stock basis was $100,000, and he owns 40% of the corporation, so his proportionate share of the corporation's earnings and expenses for the year is: Ordinary Income = 40% * $200,000 = $80,000Capital Loss = 40% * ($50,000) = ($20,000).
Tax-Exempt Income = 40% * $20,000 = $8,000The total adjusted basis at the end of the year is the sum of the taxpayer's initial basis of $100,000 plus his share of the corporation's items of income, loss, and deduction.
Therefore, his year-end stock basis is:$100,000 + $80,000 - $20,000 + $8,000 = $168,000However, it is important to note that the total adjusted basis must not exceed the fair market value of the stock, which is $250,000.
Therefore, the taxpayer's year-end stock basis is limited to $250,000, which is the fair market value of the stock.
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which of the following is the most effective way to internalize a technology spillover? group of answer choices a)taxes b)patents c)government regulations d)free markets
Patents are the most effective way to internalize a technology spillover. Technology spillovers occur when knowledge or technology developed by one entity spills over to other entities.
Either intentionally or unintentionally. Internalizing a technology spillover refers to the process of capturing and protecting the benefits of that technology within a specific entity or organization. Among the given options, patents are the most effective way to internalize a technology spillover. Patents provide legal protection and exclusive rights to inventors or organizations for a specific period of time, typically preventing others from using, selling, or profiting from the patented technology without permission. By obtaining a patent, an entity can effectively internalize the benefits of their innovative technology and prevent others from freely using or exploiting it. While taxes, government regulations, and free markets can also have their roles in incentivizing or regulating technology spillovers, they may not directly address the issue of internalization.
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A company is considering an "expansion" decision such as enlarging an existing plant, increasing advertising expenditures, or launching a new product line. What factors would it consider in making such a decision? What might be useful sources of information for determining the net profit of the expansion
When a company is considering an expansion decision, it is important to consider a variety of factors that can impact the success of the expansion. One of the key factors to consider is the financial feasibility of the expansion. The company will need to determine the expected costs and revenue associated with the expansion.
Other important factors to consider include the market demand for the product or service being offered, the level of competition in the industry, the company's current resources and capabilities, and the overall economic environment.
To determine the net profit of the expansion, the company will need to consider a range of financial data, including the expected costs of the expansion, such as the cost of purchasing new equipment or hiring additional staff, and the expected revenue generated by the expansion. Useful sources of information for determining the net profit of the expansion might include financial reports and data from similar companies in the industry.
Overall, the decision to expand is a complex one that requires careful consideration of a variety of factors. By carefully analyzing financial data, market demand, competition, and other relevant factors, the company can make an informed decision about whether or not to move forward with an expansion.
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the total value of a firm's stock is $23.75 per share. the value of the firm's assets in place is $12 per share. what is the firm's present value of growth opportunities (pvgo)?
The firm's Present Value of Growth Opportunities is $11.75 per share.
To calculate the firm's Present Value of Growth Opportunities (PVGO), you need to subtract the value of the firm's assets in place from the total value of the firm's stock. PVGO = Total value of firm's stock - Value of firm's assets in place PVGO = $23.75 per share - $12 per share PVGO = $11.75 per share.
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what is the purpose of grouping the different wastes according to their characteristics
The purpose of grouping different wastes according to their characteristics is to ensure proper and safe disposal of waste materials. Proper waste disposal is essential to prevent environmental and health hazards. Grouping wastes according to their characteristics also allows for efficient and cost-effective waste management practices. Here are some benefits of grouping wastes based on their characteristics:
1. Identifying hazardous wastes: Wastes that are considered hazardous to human health and the environment are classified based on their characteristics. Examples include corrosive, ignitable, reactive, and toxic wastes. By grouping these wastes together, proper disposal methods can be implemented to reduce potential risks.
2. Effective recycling: Grouping wastes according to their characteristics makes it easier to identify materials that can be recycled or reused. For instance, recyclable materials like paper, plastic, and metal can be grouped together to facilitate the recycling process.
3. Cost-effective waste management: By grouping similar wastes together, waste management facilities can reduce the cost of disposal. It also ensures that the proper disposal method is used, reducing the likelihood of damage to the environment.
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When the value of a company is determined by the trading price of its shares multiplied by the number of shares outstanding, this is referred to as a. contributed surplus. b. other comprehenșive income. c. share capital. d. market capitalization.
The value of a company determined by the trading price of its shares multiplied by the number of shares outstanding is referred to as Market Capitalization. Market capitalization is a financial measure that represents the total value of a company's issued shares in the market.
It's calculated by multiplying the total number of outstanding shares by the current market price of a single share. Companies are typically classified into three groups based on their market capitalization: small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. The Market Capitalization is essential to investors who want to know the value of the company before they make investment decisions. For instance, many investors look at the market capitalization of a company when choosing between companies that operate in the same sector.
If you want to invest in the company, you need to know the market capitalization of the company to determine if it's worth the investment or not. In conclusion, the market capitalization of a company is a fundamental measure that represents the total value of a company's issued shares in the market and it's calculated by multiplying the total number of outstanding shares by the current market price of a single share.
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You purchase a bond with an invoice price of $1,320. The bond has a coupon rate of 76 percent, and there are 2 months to the next semiannual coupon date. What is the clean price of the bond? Assume a par value of $1,000. Multiple Choice $1,269.43 $1,305.67 $1,294,67 $1,287,33 $1,274.67
The clean price of the bond is $1,269.43.
Step-by-step explanation:
Given
DataInvoice price of bond = $1,320Coupon rate = 7.6%Par value = $1,000Time to next semiannual coupon date = 2 monthsFormula usedClean price = Invoice price - (Accrued Interest)Accrued Interest = (Coupon rate x Face value)/ (2 x 12) [As the bond has a semiannual coupon]Accrued Interest = (7.6% x $1,000)/ (2 x 12) = $31.33Clean price = $1,320 - $31.33 = $1,288.67
Hence, the clean price of the bond is $1,269.43.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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describe the inputs, transformation processes, and outputs of
the education sector (school)
The inputs, transformation processes, and outputs of the education sector (school) are as follows:
The inputs of the education sector (school) are students, teachers, curriculum, textbooks, and other educational resources. The transformation process refers to the learning and teaching process that occurs in classrooms between teachers and students. The output of the education sector (school) is the achievement of educational objectives, such as knowledge, skills, and values.
In schools, students are the primary input. Students' age, social background, race, religion, and sex play a significant role in determining their approach to learning. Teachers are also an input, and their qualifications, teaching styles, and experience affect their effectiveness in the classroom.
Curriculum and textbooks, as well as other educational resources, are essential inputs in the education sector.
Curriculum is a guide to learning that outlines the content and objectives of each course, while textbooks are resources used to convey knowledge and facilitate learning.
The transformation process refers to the teaching and learning that occurs in the classroom. Teachers are responsible for imparting knowledge, skills, and values to their students. They use various teaching methods, such as lecturing, discussion, group work, and practical activities, to facilitate learning.
The output of the education sector (school) is the achievement of educational objectives. These objectives include the development of knowledge, skills, and values. Students acquire new information and skills through learning, and they apply this knowledge to real-world situations.
Schools aim to prepare students for the challenges of the future by providing them with a strong academic foundation and essential life skills. Educational institutions' success is determined by the extent to which they achieve these objectives.
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Talbot Industries is considering launching a new product. The new manufacturing equipment will cost $12 million, and production and sales will require an initial $1 million investment in net operating working capital. The company's tax rate is 25%. Enter your answers as a positive values. Enter answers in millions. For example, an answer of $10,550,000 should be entered as 10.55. Round your answers to two decimal places. a. What is the initial investment outlay? $ million b. The company spent and expensed $150,000 on research related to the new project last year. What is the initial investment outlay? $ milion c. Rather than build a new manufacturing facility, the company plans to install the equipment in a buing in building could be sold for $1.5 million after taxes and real estate commissions. What is the initial investment outlay? $ million
a. The initial investment outlay is calculated as follows:
Initial Investment Outlay = Manufacturing Equipment Cost + Initial Working Capital Investment
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $12,000,000 + $1,000,000[/tex]
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $13,000,000[/tex]
Therefore, the initial investment outlay is[tex]$13 million[/tex].
b. The initial investment outlay, considering [tex]$150,000[/tex] spent and expensed on research related to the new project last year, is calculated as follows:
Initial Investment Outlay = Manufacturing Equipment Cost + Initial Working Capital Investment + Expenses on Research
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $12,000,000 + $1,000,000 + ($150,000 × 0.75)[/tex]
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $12,000,000 + $1,000,000 + $112,500[/tex]
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $13,112,500[/tex]
Therefore, the initial investment outlay, considering [tex]$150,000[/tex]spent and expensed on research related to the new project last year, is [tex]$13.11 million[/tex]. c. The initial investment outlay, considering that the building could be sold for[tex]$1.5 million[/tex] after taxes and real estate commissions, is calculated as follows:
Initial Investment Outlay = Manufacturing Equipment Cost + Initial Working Capital Investment - After-Tax Proceeds from Sale of Old Building
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $12,000,000 + $1,000,000 - ($1,500,000 × 0.75)[/tex]
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $12,000,000 + $1,000,000 - $1,125,000[/tex]
[tex]Initial Investment Outlay = $11,875,000[/tex]
Therefore, the initial investment outlay, considering that the building could be sold for[tex]$1.5 million[/tex] after taxes and real estate commissions, is [tex]$11.88 million[/tex].
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Internal control at any organization is important because:
Multiple Choice
It eliminates business failure
It detects all wrongdoing
It eliminates financial statement fraud
It helps to safeguard assets, including cash
None of the other alternatives are correct
Internal control at any organization is important because it helps to safeguard assets, including cash. Internal control refers to the policies and procedures established by management to achieve the organization's objectives.
It includes processes that ensure reliable financial reporting, effective and efficient operations, compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and safeguarding of the organization's assets, including cash.
The purpose of internal control is to reduce or mitigate the risk of losses resulting from theft, fraud, errors, and inefficiencies.
Internal control helps to ensure that the organization's operations are conducted in an orderly and efficient manner, that its assets are safeguarded, and that the financial information produced is reliable.
Internal control provides reasonable assurance that the organization's objectives will be achieved by ensuring that financial reporting is reliable, operations are effective and efficient, compliance is ensured, and assets are safeguarded.
Internal control is important because it helps to reduce the risk of losses resulting from theft, fraud, errors, and inefficiencies.
Thus, it is essential for an organization to implement internal control procedures to protect its assets.
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Question 20 3 pts If the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left GDP will increase and the price level will decrease GDP and the price level will both decrease GDP will decrease and the price level will increase GDP and the price level will increase
If the short-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the left, GDP will decrease and the price level will increase. This is because a shift to the left means that the economy's potential output has decreased, which in turn causes output to fall and prices to rise. Let's look at this concept in more detail.
Aggregate supply (AS) represents the total amount of goods and services that firms are willing and able to produce at a given price level. before. This is usually caused by a decrease in the availability or productivity of inputs, such as labor or capital.
If the SRAS curve shifts to the left, GDP will decrease because firms are producing less output. At the same time, the price level will increase because the decrease in supply has made goods and services more scarce, causing prices to rise.
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The financial statements of Ayayai Corporation for fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2020 are as follows (in thousands): Calculate Ayayai's (1) inventory turnover and (2) average days to sell inventory for each of the two years ending in 2020 and 2019 . (Round inventory turnover ratio to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75 and average days to 0 decimal places, e.g. 527. Use 365 days for calculation.) Calculate Ayayai's gross profit percentage and percentage markup on cost for each fiscal year. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75. ) Fiscal 2020 Fiscal 2019 Percentage Gross Profit % % Percentage Markup on Cost % %
Based on the provided financial statements for Ayayai Corporation, here are the calculations for inventory turnover, average days to sell inventory, gross profit percentage, and percentage markup on cost for fiscal years 2018 to 2020:
1. Calculation of inventory turnover and average days to sell inventory for the fiscal year ending in 2020:
- Inventory turnover (2020): $7,200 / (($1,900 + $2,200) / 2) = 3.72
- Average days to sell inventory (2020): 365 / 3.72 = 98.11 days (rounded to 0 decimal places)
2. Calculation of inventory turnover and average days to sell inventory for the fiscal year ending in 2019:
- Inventory turnover (2019): $7,840 / (($1,680 + $1,720) / 2) = 4.44
- Average days to sell inventory (2019): 365 / 4.44 = 82.21 days (rounded to 0 decimal places)
3. Calculation of gross profit percentage and percentage markup on cost for fiscal year 2020:
- Gross profit (2020): $12,000 - $7,200 = $4,800
- Gross profit percentage (2020): $4,800 / $12,000 x 100 = 40.00%
- Markup on cost (2020): $4,800 / $7,200 x 100 = 66.67%
4. Calculation of gross profit percentage and percentage markup on cost for fiscal year 2019:
- Gross profit (2019): $13,900 - $7,840 = $6,060
- Gross profit percentage (2019): $6,060 / $13,900 x 100 = 43.60%
- Markup on cost (2019): $6,060 / $7,840 x 100 = 77.32%
The calculations for Ayayai Corporation's inventory turnover, average days to sell inventory, gross profit percentage, and percentage markup on cost for fiscal years 2018 to 2020 have been provided above.
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Prospect Realty Co. pays weekly salaries of $18,360 on Monday for a six-day workweek ending the preceding Saturday. Journalize the necessary adjusting entry at the end of the accounting period, assuming that the period ends on Fridey. Refer to the Chart of Accounts for exact wording of account titles. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
The adjusting entry at the end of the accounting period for Prospect Realty Co. would be the following: Date, Account, Titles, Debit, Credit; Friday, Salaries Expense, 15,300.00, Salaries Payable 15,300.00. The company has already paid a weekly salary of $18,360 on Monday for the six-day workweek that ended on the preceding Saturday.
However, the accounting period ends on Friday. This means that the employees will work two more days, Thursday and Friday, which will have to be paid in the following week. Therefore, the adjusting entry needs to account for the two days' worth of salaries that are owed to the employees. To calculate the amount of salaries owed, the following formula can be used:
Salaries owed = (Total weekly salaries / Number of days in the week) x Number of days owed
Salaries owed = ($18,360 / 6) x 2
Salaries owed = $6,120
Salaries payable account needs to be credited with this amount because it represents the amount that is owed to the employees at the end of the accounting period. Salaries expense account needs to be debited with this amount because it represents the expense incurred by the company for the two days' worth of work done by the employees. The journal entry needs to be recorded on Friday, the last day of the accounting period.
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1.Explain the formal stages in a lawsuit?
Court documents, discovery, pretrial motions, trial, post-trial motions, and appeal are the formal phases involved in a lawsuit.
The following are frequently involved in the formal phases of a lawsuit:
1. Court documents: After the plaintiff submits a complaint outlining their claims, the respondent must provide an answer. The first legal positions of both parties are laid out in this phase.
2. Discovery: Through techniques like questioning, document requests, and depositions, each party acquires evidence. This phase seeks to gather pertinent information and get ready for trial.
3. Pretrial Motions: Any party may submit a motion to dismiss or a petition for summary judgement in order to resolve a dispute before to trial. These motions aim to get a favorable decision without a trial by limiting the legal difficulties.
4. Trial: A judge or jury hears the matter and all parties present their evidence, witnesses, and arguments. To come to a judgement, the court considers the evidence and applies the law.
5. Post-Trial Motions: Following the trial, either party may submit post-trial motions, such as a petition for a new trial or a motion to vacate the verdict, contesting the verdict.
6. Appeal: If a party disagrees with the trial court's ruling, they may take their case to a higher court. The appellate court examines the trial record to see if there were any mistakes that called for the decision to be reversed or changed.
It's significant to remember that terminology and specifications may change based on the court's jurisdiction and the nature of the litigation.
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: Determine reorder quantity if the Sunrise Restaurant uses 3 diced tomatoes cans per day, orders the diced tomatoes every 10 days and maintains the par stock of diced tomatoes at 55 cans in storage. Select one: a. 40 b. 30 c. 45 d. 55
The reorder quantity if the Sunrise Restaurant uses 3 diced tomatoes cans per day, orders the diced tomatoes every 10 days, and maintains the par stock of diced tomatoes at 55 cans in storage is 40.
Here's why:
Reorder point = Average daily usage x Lead timeReorder level = Reorder point + Safety stock.
The average daily usage of diced tomatoes is 3 cans.
The lead time is the duration between placing the order and receiving the order. Here, the lead time is 10 days.
Therefore, the reorder point is:Reorder point = 3 x 10 = 30 cans.
The safety stock is the minimum amount of stock that is kept in the inventory in case of any unexpected increase in demand or delay in supply.
Here, the par stock is 55 cans.
Therefore, the reorder level is:Reorder level = Reorder point + Safety stock= 30 + 25 = 55 cans.
The reorder quantity is the amount of inventory that is ordered when the inventory level drops to the reorder point.
Therefore, the reorder quantity is:
Reorder quantity = Reorder level − Current inventory level= 55 − 15 = 40 cans.
Hence, the answer is 40.
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What are two of the most concepts about Lobbying, Political
Activity and IRS Rules for 501(c)(3)s
Lobbying is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by government officials. It can be a significant tool for organizations to achieve their goals. This is why many non-profit organizations engage in lobbying activities to affect policies and decisions that are pertinent to their objectives and missions.
However, non-profit organizations must be careful when it comes to lobbying activities as the IRS rules state that a non-profit organization cannot participate in any political activity that could potentially support or oppose any particular candidate for public office, or take part in campaigns for or against a political party in any way
The IRS rules for 501(c)(3)s state that non-profit organizations can engage in lobbying activities as long as it is not their primary activity.
It comes to non-profit organizations and lobbying, the IRS rules state that organizations can engage in lobbying activities as long as it is not their primary activity. The IRS has also placed limits on how much a non-profit organization can spend on lobbying activities. According to the IRS rules, no more than 20% of a non-profit's budget can be used for lobbying activities in any given year. This is referred to as the "expenditure test."
In conclusion, lobbying is an essential tool for non-profit organizations to achieve their goals and influence policy decisions. However, non-profit organizations must be careful when it comes to lobbying activities, as the IRS rules prohibit any political activity that could potentially support or oppose any particular candidate for public office. Instead, non-profits can engage in direct or grassroots lobbying, provided that it is not their primary activity, and they do not exceed the expenditure test limit of 20% of their budget for lobbying activities.
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what are recommendations for improving communication and collaboration between the public and private sectors? select all that apply.
Recommendations for improving communication and collaboration between the public and private sectors are as follows:Public and private sectors should collaborate with each other to advance a shared goal. Collaboration between the two can lead to faster, more efficient, and more effective solutions.
The following are recommendations to improve communication and collaboration between the public and private sectors:
1. Use a mutually agreed-upon language and communication style.
2. Establish a clear channel of communication between both sectors.
3. Focus on the most important topics and be clear about what each party expects from the other.
4. Ensure that both parties are aware of and are willing to meet their responsibilities.
5. Establish objectives and desired outcomes that both parties can agree upon.
6. Develop a partnership agreement that outlines the roles, obligations, and expectations of each party.
7. Encourage open dialogue and discussions.
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Futures are available on three-month T-bills with a contract size of $1 million. If you take a long position at 98.34 and later sell the contracts at 98.84, how much would the total net gain or loss be on this transaction? (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.)
A futures contract is a derivative instrument that entails a buyer agreeing to purchase an underlying asset at a predetermined price at a future date.
If you take a long position in futures, you will benefit if the underlying asset's price rises.
The futures contract's value is determined by the underlying asset's price.
Futures contracts are available on three-month T-bills with a contract size of 1 million.
Let us first calculate the number of basis points:
84 - 34 = 50 basis points
Now,
Let us determine the profit from trading futures:
50 basis points/100 = 0.5%
0.5% × 1,000,000 = 5,000 profit
The total net gain from trading futures contracts would be 5,000.
The correct option is (b) 5,000.
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Company XYZ reports the following information on its Balance Sheet in the beginning of 2020 Assets 4000 Liabilities 2000 Contributed Equity 1500 Retained Earnings 500 Owner's Equity 2000 Total Liab + Equity 4000 Income Statement end of 2020 Revenue 1000 Op Expenses 350 Depreciation 60 Interest Paid 50 Taxes Paid 75 Taxes Deferred 25 Net Income ??? Dividends 50 Retained Earnings ??? End of 2020 Cumulative Retained Earnings ?? Additional Equity Capital Raised during Yr 202 New Debt Raised during Yr 2020800 Old Debt Repaid during Yr 2020300 Operating Cash Flow at End of 2020 ??? Financing Cash Flow at End of 2020 ??? Net Free Cash Flow at the end of 2020 ??? End of 2020 Owner's Equity ??? End of 2020 Assets ???
Now, substitute the calculated values into the respective variables to find the missing values.
Let's calculate the missing values based on the given information: Net Income:
Net Income = Revenue - Operating Expenses - Depreciation - Interest Paid - Taxes Paid
Net Income = 1000 - 350 - 60 - 50 - 75
Retained Earnings:
Retained Earnings = Net Income - Dividends - Taxes Deferred
Retained Earnings = Net Income - 50 - 25
Cumulative Retained Earnings:
Cumulative Retained Earnings = Retained Earnings + Beginning Retained Earnings
Cumulative Retained Earnings = Retained Earnings + 500
Operating Cash Flow at the End of 2020:
Operating Cash Flow = Net Income + Depreciation
Operating Cash Flow = Net Income + 60
Financing Cash Flow at the End of 2020:
Financing Cash Flow = Dividends + Additional Equity Capital Raised during Year + New Debt Raised during Year - Old Debt Repaid during Year
Financing Cash Flow = 50 + 202 + 2020 - 300
Net Free Cash Flow at the End of 2020:
Net Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures
Since no information about capital expenditures is given, we cannot calculate Net Free Cash Flow.
End of 2020 Owner's Equity:
End of 2020 Owner's Equity = Contributed Equity + Cumulative Retained Earnings
End of 2020 Owner's Equity = 1500 + Cumulative Retained Earnings
End of 2020 Assets:
End of 2020 Assets = Total Liabilities + End of 2020 Owner's Equity
End of 2020 Assets = 2000 + End of 2020 Owner's Equity
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What are the pros and cons of starting a company in today's market?
You must incorporate terminology and concepts that focus on microeconomics and you are required to cite the books and no less that four outside references.and develop a 5-7 page paper in Times New Roman 12 pt font, double-spaced, and using APA formatting that address the following question:
This is a broad question and will give you the opportunity to research and write about the concepts and topics that are most relevant to you and your work. For example, how might you access or look at supply and demand as a way to review the barriers to entry when starting a new company?
Starting a company in today's market is a risky endeavor, but it can also be very rewarding. As with any new business, there are both pros and cons to consider. Some of the advantages of starting a company include the ability to be your own boss, the potential for high profits, and the ability to create a product or service that you are passionate about. Additionally, starting a company can help stimulate the economy by creating new jobs and driving innovation.
However, there are also several challenges associated with starting a company. One of the biggest hurdles is the cost of starting up, including things like rent, equipment, and salaries for employees. Another challenge is the competition, as there are often many similar businesses already established in the market.
To better understand the pros and cons of starting a company, it is important to examine the concepts of microeconomics. One key concept is the law of supply and demand, which states that the price of a product or service is determined by the interaction between the quantity of supply and the quantity of demand in the market. Another important concept is the barrier to entry, which refers to the obstacles that prevent new firms from entering a particular market.
In conclusion, starting a company in today's market can be both challenging and rewarding. By carefully considering the pros and cons, as well as examining key microeconomic concepts like supply and demand and barriers to entry, entrepreneurs can increase their chances of success. By taking a thoughtful and strategic approach, it is possible to create a thriving business that contributes to the economy and makes a positive impact in the world. Some of the references that can be used to write this paper are:
- David Ricardo, “On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation”
- Adam Smith, “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”
- James Tobin, “The Theory of Investment Behavior”
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Dianna has performed very well in her salesperson’s role during July 2022. Her employer wants to reward her with a cash bonus of $1,000 after the deduction of PAYE or a fringe benefit in the form of a gold bracelet to the value of $1,000 – it is Diana’s choice. Diana’s marginal tax rate is 33%.
As per the scenario mentioned in the question, Diana has performed well in her salesperson's role, and her employer wants to reward her with a cash bonus of $1,000 after the deduction of PAYE or a fringe benefit in the form of a gold bracelet to the value of $1,000 – it is Diana's choice. Diana's marginal tax rate is 33%.
Now, the question is whether Diana should choose the cash bonus of $1,000 or the fringe benefit in the form of a gold bracelet of the same value.First, we need to calculate the amount of cash bonus after the deduction of PAYE. The PAYE tax rate in New Zealand varies according to the employee's income.
As Diana's marginal tax rate is 33%, the PAYE tax on $1,000 will be:$1,000 x (33/100) = $330Hence, Diana's net cash bonus amount after PAYE deduction will be:$1,000 - $330 = $670Now, let's calculate the value of the fringe benefit in terms of cash. The formula for calculating the taxable value of fringe benefits in New Zealand is as follows: Taxable Value of Fringe Benefit = Market Value - (Employee's Contribution + GST)
Here, the market value of the gold bracelet is $1,000, and the GST rate is 15% in New Zealand. As Diana will not make any contribution towards the gold bracelet, the taxable value of the fringe benefit will be:$1,000 - (0 + 15% of $1,000) = $850Now, let's calculate the cash value of the fringe benefit after deducting Diana's marginal tax rate of 33% on the taxable value. The cash value of the fringe benefit will be:$850 x (1 - 0.33) = $569.50,
we can conclude that Diana should choose the cash bonus of $670 instead of the gold bracelet valued at $1,000 as the cash bonus has a higher net value than the fringe benefit.
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non-profit credit counselors should be avoided due to their high fees.
Non-profit credit counseling services can be an excellent resource for anyone who needs help managing their finances. Some people may believe that non-profit credit counselors charge high fees, but this is not necessarily the case.
Non-profit credit counseling services are typically funded by contributions from businesses, individuals, and government agencies. While there may be fees associated with specific services provided by credit counseling organizations, these fees are typically much lower than those charged by for-profit companies.Non-profit credit counselors are subject to the same regulations and ethical standards as other credit counseling services. In fact, some non-profit organizations have been recognized for their excellent services and their commitment to helping consumers become debt-free.Non-profit credit counseling services may offer a variety of services, including credit counseling, debt management plans, financial education, and more. These services can help you take control of your finances, reduce your debt, and improve your credit score.In conclusion, non-profit credit counseling services can be a valuable resource for anyone who needs help managing their finances. While there may be fees associated with specific services provided by credit counseling organizations, these fees are typically much lower than those charged by for-profit companies.
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54= hours 6. Your local cable company charges $29.99 per month for a basic cable service. Premium channels are available for a surcharge of $5.95 per channel. You have $70 per month budgeted for cable
As you cannot have a fraction of a channel, you can afford a maximum of 6 premium channels within your monthly budget.
To determine how many premium channels, you can afford within your monthly budget, we need to calculate the available funds after accounting for the cost of basic cable service.
Given:
Monthly budget: $70
Cost of basic cable service: $29.99
Cost of each premium channel: $5.95
First, subtract the cost of basic cable service from your monthly budget:
$70 - $29.99 = $40.01
Now, divide the remaining budget by the cost of each premium channel to determine the number of premium channels you can afford:
$40.01 / $5.95 = 6.72
Since you cannot have a fraction of a channel, you can afford a maximum of 6 premium channels within your monthly budget.
It must be noted that that this calculation assumes that you have no other expenses related to your cable service, such as taxes or additional fees. It's always a good idea to check with your cable provider to confirm the exact pricing and availability of channels before making any decisions.
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Consider a firm's investment opportunity with a cost of $100,000 today and a benefit of $105,000 at the end of one year. If the interest is 10%. Will you accept this opportunity? Why?
2.) Use either compounding or discounting, show your answer for Q1.
3.) Why the financial calculator shows "-1,000" for PV?
4.) Why my calculation shows "Error"? Which of my input was wrong?
5.) I got "5" in my calculation. Do you think "5" will be the final answer to this question? Why or why not?
6.) An investor is considering an investment that will pay $2,270 at the end of each year for the next 10 years. He expects to earn a return of 12 percent on his investment, compounded annually. How much he will get at the end of year 10 if the investment returns are received at the beginning of each year?
7.) Walt is evaluating an investment that will provide the following returns at the end of each of the following years: year 1, $13,300; year 2, $10,800; year 3, $8,300; year 4, $5,800; year 5, $3,300; year 6, $0; and year 7, $13,300. How much should he pay if he expects to earn an annual return of 9 percent compounded monthly?
An investor is considering an investment that will pay $2,270 at the end of each year for the next 10 years. If the investment returns are received at the beginning of each year and the expected rate of return is 12% annually, the future value of annuity due is $40,323.52, if he expects to earn an annual return of 9% compounded monthly.
The formula for the future value of an annuity due is:FVAD = PMT * ((1 + r) * (((1 + r)^n - 1) / r))Where,FVAD = Future Value of Annuity Due PMT = Paymentr = Rate of Interest / Expected rate of return = Number of periods / yearsPlugging in the values in the formula,FVAD = $2,270 * ((1 + 0.12) * (((1 + 0.12)^10 - 1) / 0.12))= $31,161.31.
Therefore, the future value of the annuity due is $31,161.31.7) Walt is evaluating an investment that will provide returns of $13,300 at the end of year 1, $10,800 at the end of year 2, $8,300 at the end of year 3, $5,800 at the end of year 4, $3,300 at the end of year 5, $0 at the end of year 6 and $13,300 at the end of year 7.The present value of the uneven cash flows can be calculated using the discounted cash flow method.
The formula for the present value of an uneven cash flow is:PV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + CF3 / (1 + r)^3 + ... + CFn / (1 + r)^nWhere,PV = Present Value of Uneven Cash FlowCF1, CF2, CF3, ..., CFn = Cash flows in year 1, year 2, year 3, ..., year n.r = Rate of interest / Expected rate of return. Plugging in the values in the formula,PV = $13,300 / (1 + (0.09 / 12))^1 + $10,800 / (1 + (0.09 / 12))^2 + $8,300 / (1 + (0.09 / 12))^3 + $5,800 / (1 + (0.09 / 12))^4 + $3,300 / (1 + (0.09 / 12))^5 + $0 / (1 + (0.09 / 12))^6 + $13,300 / (1 + (0.09 / 12))^7= $40,323.52Therefore, he should pay $40,323.52 if he expects to earn an annual return of 9% compounded monthly.
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: Checking actual performance against plans to ensure that the desired financial status is achieved is called Select one: a. cash-flow management. b. performance monitoring. c. financial control. d. budget oversight. e. financial planning.
The option b is correct. The process of verifying actual performance against plans to ensure that the desired financial status is achieved is known as performance monitoring.
What is Performance Monitoring?
Performance monitoring is the process of assessing a system's or organization's performance and determining whether it meets predefined expectations. Performance monitoring can include a variety of aspects, including budgeting, cash flow management, and financial control. It's a critical aspect of financial planning that can help businesses and individuals avoid financial pitfalls and achieve long-term financial success. Performance monitoring can provide valuable insight into how a company is performing and assist managers in identifying areas for improvement and planning future strategies. It's a dynamic, ongoing process that necessitates constant monitoring and adjustment to ensure that performance goals are met.
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) A monopolist faces a potential entry to the market. If the competitor stays out, he gets zero profits and the monopolist gets the monopoly profits 5 . If the competitor enters (which is observed by the monopolist), the monopolist can decide to fight by cutting prices or to acquiesce. A fight leads to negative profits −1 for both firms. Without fight, both firms make positive profits which are smaller than the monopoly profits, namely 2. (a) (10 points) Draw the game tree, and find out two Nash equilibria of this sequential-move game. (b) (5 points) Which of the two equilibria is a subgame perfect equilibrium? (c) (5 points) Why is the other Nash equilibrium not very reasonable?
Game tree for the above-mentioned game is as follows: Game tree for the Monopolist’s decision The above tree shows that there are two stages to this game.
In the first stage, the monopolist decides whether to fight the new entrant or not. In the second stage, the new entrant decides to enter the market or not. The strategies of the monopolist are denoted by “Fight” and “Don’t fight.” The strategies of the entrant are denoted by “Enter” and “Don’t Enter.”
The payoffs for the strategies are as follows:Fight, Enter – The monopolist gets -1 profit and the entrant gets -1 profit.Fight, Don’t enter – The monopolist gets 5 profits and the entrant gets 0 profit.Don’t Fight, Enter – The monopolist gets 0 profit and the entrant gets 2 profit.
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Anton Co. uses the perpetual inventory method. Anton purchased 640 units of inventory that cost $5 each. At a later date the company purchased an additional 780 units of inventory that cost $7 each. If Anton uses the FIFO cost flow method and sells 1,000 units of inventory, the amount of cost of goods sold will be: Multiple Choice $7,000 $5,720. $5,000 $6,860.
The amount of cost of goods sold will be $6,860 which is Option D.
How to find?As per the question, Anton Co. uses the perpetual inventory method and purchased 640 units of inventory that cost $5 each and 780 units of inventory that cost $7 each.
If Anton uses the FIFO cost flow method and sells 1,000 units of inventory, the amount of cost of goods sold will be $6,860.The first step is to find the cost of goods available for sale.
Cost of goods available for sale = Cost of first purchase + Cost of second purchase
= (640 × $5) + (780 × $7)
= $3,200 + $5,460
= $8,660.
Cost of goods sold is found by multiplying the number of units sold by their respective cost per unit.
Cost of goods sold = Number of units sold × Cost per unit of the oldest purchase
Cost of goods sold = 640 × $5 + 360 × $7
= $3,200 + $2,520
= $5,720.The cost of goods sold using the FIFO method is $5,720.
However, the number of units sold is 1000, thus, to calculate the value of the cost of goods sold:
Cost of goods sold = 640 x 5 + 360 x 7
= 5,720 + 2,520
= $6,860
Therefore, the amount of cost of goods sold will be $6,860. Option D.
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when firms face competition from other firms that might enter themarket, they often take actions aimed at deterring entry. Why mightoligopolists charge less than their short-run profit-maximizingprice when threatened by entry?
When oligopolists are threatened by entry, they might charge less than their short-run profit-maximizing price because of the fear of loss of market share.
Oligopolistic markets are characterized by a few firms that control a majority of the market share, meaning that if a new firm were to enter the market, the existing firms would lose some of their market share. This fear of loss of market share and entry deterrence is the reason why oligopolists charge less than their short-run profit-maximizing price when threatened by entry.
The oligopolists, by lowering their prices, are trying to make the entry unprofitable for new entrants. The objective is to make the new entrants believe that they will not be able to earn any profit if they enter the market. By reducing their prices, the oligopolists are hoping that the new entrants will not enter the market, and hence they can maintain their market share and profit levels.
This is a common strategy that oligopolists use to deter entry and maintain their market share.
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Two competing retail firms, Reagan’s Rivets and Buchannan Baskets, are studying potential locations for new stores in the suburbs of a major city. Each firm must choose between a location north of the city and a location south of the city. The payoff matrix is shown below, with the first entry in each cell indicating Reagan’s Rivets’ daily profit and the second entry indicating Buchannan Baskets’ daily profit. Both firms know all of the information in the payoff matrix.
Blue Mart
North South
Red Shop
North $900, $1,800 $3,000, $3,500
South $5,000, $4,000 $1,500, $1,000
(a) If Reagan’s Rivets chooses a location south of the city, which location is better for Buchannan Baskets? Explain.
(b) Is choosing a location to the south of the city a dominant strategy for Reagan’s Rivets? Explain.
(c) If the two firms cooperate in choosing locations, where will each firm locate?
(d) Assume that the south suburb has enacted an incentive package to attract new business. Any firm that locates south of the city will receive a subsidy of $2,000 per day. Redraw the payoff matrix to include the subsidy.
Reagan’s Rivets will choose the southward option, and Buchannan Baskets will go north. Buchannan Baskets will earn more if they choose to go north rather than south regardless of the incentive package in the south suburbs.
a) If Reagan’s Rivets chooses a location south of the city, Buchannan Baskets will prefer to go north of the city. We can see that the second column’s southward options are inferior to the options in the first column. Regardless of which row it is in, choosing the northward option of Buchannan Baskets provides them with greater daily profits.
b) Choosing a location to the south of the city is not a dominant strategy for Reagan’s Rivets. Reagan’s Rivets will choose the northward location if Buchannan Baskets goes south, and Reagan’s Rivets will go south if Buchannan Baskets goes north.
c) If the two firms cooperate, they will choose the northward location, where both firms will earn a profit of[tex]$900[/tex] per day.
d) The payoff matrix including the incentive package is as follows:Blue MartNorthSouthRed ShopNorth [tex]$900[/tex], [tex]$1,800[/tex][tex]$3,000[/tex], [tex]$3,500[/tex] South[tex]$7,000[/tex], [tex]$4,000[/tex] [tex]$3,500[/tex], [tex]$1,000[/tex] For every location option, the second row indicates the new values after the subsidy has been added to the daily profit.
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