What is the cranium?
The head's skeletal structure. The cranium is made up of facial bones and cranial bones, which surround and guard the brain (bones that form the eye sockets, nose, cheeks, jaw, and other parts of the face). The spinal cord attaches to the brain through a hole at the base of the skull.
The upper, bowel-shaped portion of the skull that houses the brain is called the cranium. There are eight bones in the cranium (two parietal, two temporal, and one each of the occipital, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones).The roof and sides of the cranium are formed by the paired parietal bones.It supports the facial structure and creates the cranial cavity, which houses the brain. The brain is housed in the cranial cavity, which supports and shields the organ.It shields the brain from any harm from the outside world.The muscles that are needed for head movement and chewing are attached to the cranium.It encircles the meninges to offer structure and protection.Hence, the cranium plays an important role in regard to the brain.
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Cartoons such as this one took the position that deportation was necessary because —.
Cartoons such as this one took the position that deportation was necessary because assimilation programes in the united states was unsucsseful.
What is assimilation programes?
To ensure the long-term success of immigrants and their offspring as well as to maximize the advantages of immigration, assimilation is crucial. According to recent studies, immigrants in this day and age are assimilating effectively.
Assimilation is happening quickly in the United States, according to a massive 520-page literature review by the National Academy of Sciences, but some of those gains are obscured by a phenomenon known as "ethnic attrition.
Numerous OECD studies reveal that, even when it comes to job matching, immigrants and their offspring are more economically integrated in the United States than they are in other affluent nations.
Therefore, Cartoons such as this one took the position that deportation was necessary because assimilation programes in the united states was unsucsseful.
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Neurons that fire in response to specific edges, lines, angles, and movements are called what?.
Answer: The correct answer is Feature detectors.
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!!!!
How does Gregor Mendel's research extend
Darwin's original theory of evolution?
Darwin's theory concentrated on species variety, whereas Mendel's findings revealed a mathematical consistency of inheritable qualities. Ultimately, Darwin's theory centred on the variability of species, while Mendel's results indicated inheritance through artificial selection (hybridization) in just a few generations.
Before anyone even understood about genes, Mendel established three laws of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits through pea plant breeding. Mendel's discovery greatly improved our understanding of how genes are passed down and served as an inspiration for the development of fresh experimental methods.
As a result, the nineteenth century's two primary foundations of biology—theory Darwin's of evolution by natural selection and Mendelian genetics—have the potential to shape this century into the era of biology. Mendel gave Darwin the knowledge about inheritance that he required to finish his evolutionary hypothesis.
Julian Huxley coined the term "Modern Synthesis" to characterize the theoretical and experimental work that successfully connected Mendel's studies on heredity and Darwin's theory of evolution in his 1942 book Evolution: The Modern Synthesis.
what is Darwin's theory of evolution?
Small, hereditary differences that improve the individual's capacity for competition, survival, and reproduction are the basis upon which all species of animals begin and grow is termed as Darwin's theory of evolution.
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pleaseeeeee help me! i’ll give u brainliest fr
Answer:
A.
The outer membrane of the mitochondrion is smooth, freely permeable to most small molecules, contains fewer enzymes and is poor in proteins. It has porin proteins which form channels for the passage of molecules through it. It allows the uptake of substrates and release of ATP. The inner membrane is semipermeable and regulates the passage of materials into and out of the mitochondrion. It is rich in enzymes and carrier proteins (permeases). It is usually produced into numerous infolds called cristae (singular crista). It bears minute regularly spaced lollipop-shaped particles known as oxysomes. The rest of the inner membrane contains the electron carrier molecules of the electron transport chain.
Explanation:
Please give the brainliest, really appreciated.
Answer: Option 1
Explanation:
The outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable. The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable.
Specialized structures are expressed with the help of mrna. what role does mrna play? (5b) question 4 options: making energy available for cellular activities creating bonds to form large polymers assisting with replication by producing glucose providing information from dna that is used to form proteins
Condensation or dehydration processes. (Water molecules are eliminated through dehydration (condensation) processes as monomers are joined to create more complex polymers.
What are the cellular activities involve ion creating bonds?The process through which a gene becomes a protein is intricate and tightly regulated within each cell. Gene expression is produced when transcription and translation are combined.
During translation, ribosomal subunits create a sandwich-like structure on the strand of mRNA and then pull tRNA molecules attached to amino acids (circles).
Therefore, Dehydration synthesis is a chemical process that functions to link monomers into polymers.
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Answer: Providing information from DNA that is used to form proteins
Explanation: I took the test
When are the genes involved in lactose metabolism in e. Coli expressed and when are they turned off?.
Genes involved in lactose metabolism can be found in the E. coli lac operon. Only when lactose and glucose are both present does it express.
E. coli processes lactose in what way?By hydrolyzing the 1,4 glycosidic link on the lactose disaccharide in E. coli, -D-glucosidase produces -D-glucose and -D-galactose.
The lac operon turns on when there is lactose present?When lactose is available in the environment, it binds to the repressor protein and inhibits it from binding to the operator, allowing the transcription of the genes in the lac operon. Repressing the repressor is therefore how the lac operon is activated.
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which of the following is occupying a niche within a habitat? a. mossy gaps between rocks in fast moving streams. b. a wolf hunting elk in yellowstone national park. c. alder thickets along stream banks in yellowstone national park. d. the high canopy (treetops) in a rainforest.
The example of organism occupying a niche within a habitat is: (b) a wolf hunting elk in Yellowstone national park.
Habitat is the place where an organism has its home. Habitat is that suitable area which fulfils all the requirements of an organism including the food, favorable environment, etc. For example, a lion lives in a forest than forest is the habitat of the lion.
Niche is the actual functional area within the habitat. It is the actual area in which the organism lives and performs all of its functions. For example if the lion lives in the forest then it does not utilize in the entire forest. Instead it lives in its den and also roams in the nearby region only to hunt its food and meet other demands.
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Energy is required in order to add a nucleotide to the growing strand of mrna during transcription. From where does that energy come?.
Answer:
Energy is required to connect a nucleotide to a developing DNA strand because phosphodiester linkages in nucleotides must be hydrolyzed. Nucleotides are "nucleoside triphosphate" molecules because they have three phosphate groups attached before being incorporated into DNA molecules.
How would this affect the ability of the leaf to retain water especially in dry conditions?
If the stomata are open in dry condition, the leaf could lose water vapor and dehydrate or dry out.
Photosynthesis is when green plants and other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Plant photosynthesis generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a by-product.
If the stomata are open in dry conditions to carry out the process of photosynthesis then the leaf loses water vapor and dehydrates. To lower the rate of water vapor loss through the openings of the stomata the guard cells close to prevent further loss of water vapor.
Less water for photosynthesis, so the rate of photosynthesis and glucose production decreases.
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what is the difference between nonhomologous end-joining (nhej) and homology-directed repair (hdr) in the context of genome editing?
While HDR-breaks require a template to assist repair, NHEJ-break end can be ligated with out it.
In biology, what does homology mean?Homology refers to similarity at all levels due to a common origin (organism, population and species). Genealogs classified as homoplasts do not have a common ancestor among species. Homoplasy is resemblance resulting from a shared ancestry at the organism & population levels but not at the species.
What is an example of homology?Homologies are characteristics shared by two or more species and derived from their common ancestor. For instance, our common ancestor who lived more than 300 Mya ago left us with both the humans five-fingered hand and also the lizard's five-toed foot.
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which substances show variations in composition on both a particulate level and a macroscopic level?
A heterogeneous mixture shows variations in composition on both a particulate level and a macroscopic level.
The mixture's composition is not consistent.
What is heterogeneous mixture?
If the composition of a mixture varies over time, it is said to be heterogeneous. Vegetable soup is a sophisticated mixture. The proportions of the different vegetables and other ingredients will vary.
Heterogeneous mixes are made up of two or more different phases. Examples include ice cubes in a liquid, sand and water and salts and oils.
Therefore, a heterogeneous mixture shows variations in composition on both a particulate level and a macroscopic level.
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The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine in dna. What combination of molecules could repair such damage?.
The combination of molecules that could repair such damage is DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, and adenylyl cyclase. Hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine in DNA, is the result of the spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine.
An amino group is taken out of a molecule through deamination. Deaminases are the enzymes that catalyse this process. Deamination typically occurs in the liver; however it can also happen in the kidney, in the human body. Deamination is utilised to break down amino acids for energy in instances where there is an excessive intake of protein. Ammonia is created when the amino group is taken out of the amino acid. The remaining amino acid is recycled or oxidised for energy and is primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. When adenine is deaminated, hypoxanthine is produced. Similar to the imine tautomer of adenine, hypoxanthine preferentially bases pairs with cytosine as opposed to thymine. As a result, the initial A-T base pair undergoes a post-replicative transition mutation, changing into a G-C base pair.
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Which hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae?.
Garstang's Auricularia hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae.
What is Garstang's Auricularia?
The auricularia hypothesis, proposed by Garstang was an attempt to explain how the chordate body plan originated from a deuterostome common ancestor by emphasizing the significance of changes in larval forms. According to the Garstang Hypothesis, development of sexual maturity in a non-metamorphosing lineage of tunicates might provide the immediate proto-chordate ancestors of more typical chordates.
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Which hormones help the body resist stress and make stored nutrients available to prepare the body for action?.
When under stress, cortisol accesses protein reserves through the liver's gluconeogenesis pathway in order to provide the body with glucose.
Which hormone aids the body in coping with stress?The main stress hormone, cortisol, raises blood sugar levels (glucose), improves how well your brain uses glucose, and increases the availability of compounds that help tissues heal. Cortisol also prevents actions that can be needless or harmful in a fight-or-flight situation.
What hormone is secreted to support energy maintenance during prolonged stress?The endocrine glands on top of your kidneys, the adrenal glands, generate and release the steroid hormone cortisol. Your body's response to stress is one of the many things that cortisol has an impact on.
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41.
41. Explain the importance of an arthropod's exoskeleton. In your explanation, be
sure to address how is it able to grow tens of times larger than it was at birth,
even though it has an exoskeleton. Also discuss at least two benefits of an
exoskeleton as well as how the arthropod grows without compromising this
skeletal system. Your answer should be one or two well-developed paragraphs.
The most important feature of an arthropods skeleton is that it provides protection from predation and physical injuries. It also helps against dehydration.
What are some other features of arthropods?
Other than support and protection from predators and strength, the exoskeleton also protects these arthropods against environment.It also provides a large area of surface for attachment of muscles. And in addition, also helps in functioning of movement and support.
The exoskeleton can’t grow or expand in size. But, the arthropods still grow ten times in size. This is achieved by a process called molting. During molting, the arthropod sheds its exoskeleton regularly, after which it proceeds to grow in size. After it grows, the exoskeleton gets regenerated. This molting is how the arthropods grow in size despite the presence of an exoskeleton.
Therefore, the most important feature of an exoskeleton is that it provides protection from predators and the environment and gives strength and support.
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In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced?.
Glucose is consumed and carbon dioxide is produced during the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration.
Glucose is a simple sugar. Glucose is the most common monosaccharide, a type of carbohydrate. Glucose is primarily produced by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide with the help of sunlight, where it is used to produce cellulose in cell walls, the world's most abundant carbohydrate.
A glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. Some ATP is produced directly along the way in the reactions that transform glucose. However, much more ATP is produced later in the process known as oxidative phosphorylation. The movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, drives oxidative phosphorylation.
During glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar, glucose, undergoes a series of chemical transformations. It eventually degrades into two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon organic molecule. ATP is produced in these reactions.
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How can we best summarize the role of watson and crick in discovering the structure of dna?.
We can best summarise the role of Watson and Crick in discovering the structure of DNA by stating that they created a critical hypothesis for the structure of DNA. (They did not conduct experiments; instead, they developed a correct theory using a variety of data sources)
Watson and Crick expanded their ideas about genetic replication in a second article published in Nature on May 30, 1953. The two had demonstrated that in DNA, form follows function: the double-stranded molecule could both replicate itself and carry genetic instructions.
According to Watson and Crick, in order for DNA replication to occur, the two strands of DNA must first be unwound and separated. The bases on each parent strand then dictated new bases on the new daughter strands, with each DNA strand acting as a template for a new DNA strand.
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1.contols cell activities 2.surrounds the nucleus and is where most cell activities occur 3.is the partially permeable outer covering enclosing the cytoplasm 4.mitochondria 5.golgi apparatus 6.ribosomes 7.vacuoles
The nucleus, also referred to as the cell's "command center," is a sizable organelle that houses the DNA of the cell (deoxyribonucleic acid). Using the genetic information contained in the DNA, the nucleus regulates every aspect of a cell's functioning, including growth and metabolism.
The Nuclear Envelope is a double-layered membrane that encloses the nucleus's contents for the majority of a cell's lifespan.
Cell Membrane- It is a delicate, flexible membrane that is semi-permeable or selectively permeable. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasm and nucleus.
The mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles, generate the majority of the chemical energy needed to power a cell's metabolic processes (mitochondrion, singular). The small molecule adenosine triphosphate serves as a reservoir for the chemical energy produced by the mitochondria (ATP).
An organelle found in cells called a Golgi body, also known as a Golgi apparatus, helps in the processing and packaging of proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins meant for cell export. The Camillo Golgi-named Golgi body looks like a stack of membranes.
At a ribosome, an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, the process of making proteins occurs in a cell. The ribosome decodes the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a specific string of amino acids that stretch into lengthy chains and fold to form proteins.
What is vacuole?
A vacuole is a region of a cell that is membrane-lined, empty of cytoplasm, and filled with fluid in biology. Particularly in protozoa (single-celled eukaryotic organisms), vacuoles play an important role as cytoplasmic organelles, carrying out functions such water storage, intake, digestion, excretion, and expulsion. Large core vacuoles in plant cells allow them to expand without gaining the mass that would make metabolism difficult. To protect the cell against self-toxicity, plants, fungus, algae, and certain other species also store powerful secondary chemicals in their vacuoles, such as tannins or other biological pigments.
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in dogs, coat color (b or b) and hearing (d or d) are both genetically determined. if a dog is genotype bbdd, what gametes could it make?
If a dog is genotype and hearing (d or d) are both genetically determined.
A genotype is a scoring of the kind of version gift at a given area (i.e., a locus) inside the genome. it could be represented by way of symbols. as an example, BB, Bb, bb may be used to represent a given variation in a gene.
In a huge sense, the term "genotype" refers to the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism's entire set of genes. In a extra narrow feel, the term may be used to refer to the alleles, or variant types of a gene, which might be carried by way of an organism.
Genotype normally stays constant from one environment to some other, even though occasional spontaneous mutations can also arise which reason it to trade. however, while the same genotype is subjected to specific environments, it may produce a wide range of phenotypes.
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If a green pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, what other allele must be present.
Answer: If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!!!!
in reactions mediated by protein kinases what does phosphorylation of successive proteins ddo to drive the reaction
Phosphorylation of successive proteins drives the reaction by causing the proteins to change shape. The proteins can then bind to each other, or to other molecules, more tightly.
This increased binding affinity allows the proteins to work together more efficiently to drive the reaction.Protein kinases are enzymes that phosphorylate other proteins. Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein. This modification can change the activity of the protein. Protein kinases are important in many cellular processes, including cell division, cell signaling, and cell death.
Protein kinases can phosphorylate multiple proteins in a cascade, which is a series of reactions in which each reaction is catalyzed by a different enzyme. The phosphorylation of successive proteins in a cascade can amplify the signal that is being transmitted.
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among molluscs, only members of the class have a circulatory system, in which all of the blood is contained in vessels to maintain higher blood pressure.
Among mollusks, only members of the class have a circulatory system, in which all of the blood is contained in vessels to maintain higher blood pressure. Annelids.
The circulatory machine is made up of blood vessels that bring blood far away from and closer to the heart. Arteries bring blood far from the coronary heart and veins convey blood returned to the heart. The circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and eliminates waste merchandise, like carbon dioxide.
Arteries bring blood far away from the heart and veins convey blood returned to the coronary heart. The circulatory gadget includes oxygen, vitamins, and hormones to cells, and removes waste merchandise, like carbon dioxide.
Our coronary heart is the best circulatory machine organ. Blood is going from the coronary heart to the lungs to get oxygen. The lungs are a part of the breathing system. Your coronary heart then pumps oxygenated blood via arteries to the rest of the body.
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To repair a thymine dimmer by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act?.
When repairing a thymine dimer via nucleotide excision repair, the essential enzymes Endonuclease, DNA polymerase I, and DNA ligase should be used in that order.
Which enzyme is necessary for thymine dimer excision repair?According to the needs of the cell, a number of processes, including photolyase, can remove or repair T-T dimers from DNA. A photo reactivating enzyme termed photolyase, which has chromophores capable of absorbing blue light photons, is present in several organisms (of wavelength 350-450 nm).
What enzyme is in charge of mending thymine dimers with light energy?Photoreactivation can be used to fix pyrimidine dimers. A thymine dimer is split into two thymine monomers during photoreactivation, an enzyme reaction triggered by light (between 300 and 600 nm).
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In what important way does research on taste aversion conducted by john garcia and robert koelling demonstrate how biology can strongly influence classical conditioning? responses by showing that some associations between unconditioned and conditioned stimuli are more easily learned than others by showing that some associations between unconditioned and conditioned stimuli are more easily learned than others by showing that pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus is not required by showing that pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus is not required by showing that the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus must be presented together by showing that the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus must be presented together by showing that cognition is not necessary for conditioning to occur by showing that cognition is not necessary for conditioning to occur by showing that all learning cues can be conditioned equally well.
John Garcia and Robert Kahring used flavored water. There was combination of taste (conditioned stimulus) and nausea (unconditioned stimulus) that led to the illness experienced. In case of, taste was combined with other unconditioned stimuli and no conditioning occurred.
What is Classical Conditioning Theory?Classical conditioning is a behaviorist theory of learning that occurs unconsciously. It has been hypothesized that when naturally occurring and environmental stimuli are repeatedly paired, the environmental stimulus ultimately elicits a response similar to that of the natural stimulus.Learning through classical conditioning pairs autoconditioned responses with specific stimuli. This creates behavior.Why is classical conditioning important?Most psychologists now agree that classical conditioning is a fundamental form of learning. In addition, Pavlovian principles are known to influence human health, emotions, motivation, and the treatment of mental disorders. Classical conditioning has many clinically relevant uses.
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The heart can be found in which body cavity?
spinal
cranial
thoracic
pelvic
Answer:
thoracic
Explanation:
Answer:
C
Explanation:
thoracic cavity is the correct answer can you mark me brainliest I need it please and thank you :P
Meioi I i _____________________ diviion which produce two ______________________. Cytokinei between Meioi I and Meioi II form _______________ cell each with a __________________ number of chromoome. Meioi II i ______________________ diviion which produce _______________ nuclei in _____________________ cell for a total of __________________ nuclei. Cytokinei after Meioi II form _____________________ cell each containing a _____________________ number of chromoome
Meiosis I is a nuclear division that results in the creation of two nuclei. Meiosis I and Meiosis II cytokinesis result in the formation of TWO cells, each with a HAPLOID number of chromosomes.
Meiosis is a two-stage process in which the number of cells doubles but the number of chromosomes does not. Meiosis I is the initial division. As a result, each cell has half as many chromosomes. Meiosis II is the second division; unlike mitosis, it does not result in a reduction in the number of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis between Meiosis I and Meiosis II forms TWO cells each with a HAPLOID number of chromosomes.
The cells go through cytokinesis, the nuclear envelope forms, and the nucleoli reappear. Each cell with 46 chromatids divides into two cells with 23 chromosomes during meiosis II.
Meiosis II is NUCLEAR division which produces TWO nuclei in TWO cells for a total of FOUR nuclei.
The development of four daughter cells, each with four nuclei, marks the conclusion of meiosis II. Additionally, each of the four chromosomes has a haploid set, which means that they each contain 23 chromosomes.
Nuclear division during meiosis II results in the production of TWO nuclei in TWO cells, for a total of FOUR nuclei.
The development of four daughter cells, each with four nuclei, marks the conclusion of meiosis II. Additionally, each of the four chromosomes has a haploid set, which means that they each contain 23 chromosomes.
Cytokinesis after Meiosis II forms FOUR cells each containing a HAPLOID number of chromosomes.
The cells go through cytokinesis, the nuclear envelope forms, and the nucleoli reemerge. Each cell with 46 chromatids divides into two cells during meiosis II, each of which has 23 chromosomes.
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in her work, aislinn is developing a test to detect the presences of mycotoxins, or fungus that can contaminate feed given to cows causing disease among livestock. aislinn examines the fungus under a microscope to see how it reproduces. in what field of veterinary science would you say that aislinn most likely works?
In the field of Microbiology.
What is microbiology ?
Studying the biology of minute organisms like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, slime moulds, and protozoa is known as microbiology. The techniques utilised to research and work with these tiny, largely unicellular organisms are different from those employed in the majority of other biological investigations.
Hence, aislinn want to work in the field of microbiology.
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what is the major source of increased muscle mass for plantaris muscles from both legs? why did the right leg also increase in mass during these 2 months?
The age of the experimental rats was a substantial contributor to the increased muscle mass in the plantaris muscles from both legs. The muscles grew since they were still so young.
Part of the poster superficial compartment of the calf, the plantaris is a tiny muscle that runs along the back of the leg. The plantaris muscle, which is frequently seen as an accessory, vestigial muscle, is absent from only 7–20% of limbs.
The plantaris functions to plantar flex the knee joint and ankle joint sporadically. The central nervous system may receive proprioceptive feedback information about the location of the foot from the plantaris muscle.
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how is this form of programmed cell death a process that emerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways?
Answer:
The cells kill themselves by activating a intracellular death programm
Explanation:
In signaling pathway, the cells kill themselves by activating a intracellular death program.
What is signaling pathways?cell signaling or cell communication is the ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Moreover, there are four basic categories of chemical signaling found in multicellular organisms: paracrine signaling, autocrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and signaling by direct contact.
Therefore, signal transduction pathways regulate many important cellular functions such as growth, differentiation, metabolism, and survival. Many of these signaling pathways are altered in human cancer.
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GIVING BRAINLIEST what is the relationship between blood viscosity and blood pressure
