Tina and Sam are eating from the same pizza Tina eats 1/4 of the pizza and Sam eats 1/2 of the pizza how much of the pizza did they eat together

Answers

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

The amount of pizza Tina eat

[tex] = \frac{1}{4} \\ [/tex]

The amount of pizza Sam eat

[tex] = \frac{1}{2} \\ [/tex]

The amount of pizza they eat together

[tex] = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \\ [/tex]

[tex] = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{1} \\ [/tex]

[tex] = \frac{2}{4} + \frac{1}{4} \\ [/tex]

[tex] = \frac{2 + 1}{4} \\ [/tex]

[tex] = \frac{3}{4} \\ [/tex]


Related Questions

pls help me i will mark as brilliant​

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

total number of student = 900number of girls = 300

1) to find the number of boys

number of boys = total no. of students - no. of girls

= 900 - 300

= 600

2) to find the ratio of boys and girls

ratio of boys and girls = no. of boys : no. of girls

= 600 : 300

= 200

3) ratio of boys and total no. of students

= 600 : 900

= 200: 300

= 2:3

4) ratio of girls and total no. of students

= 300 : 900

= 1:3

5)ratio of girls and boys

= 300 : 600

= 1:2

The following figure shows a cube. Which expression represents the surface area of the cube?

Answers

Answer:

6 ⋅ 16

This is the sum of the areas of the 6 square faces.

The surface area of the cube in the figure given is 96 squared units

What is surface area of a cube?

The surface area of a cube is calculated by finding the total area of all six faces. Since all sides of a cube are equal in length, you can use the formula:

Surface area of a cube = 6 × (side length)²

In other words, you square the length of one side of the cube and then multiply it by 6 to get the total surface area.

Let's say the side length of the cube is "s," then the formula becomes:

Surface area of a cube = 6 × s²

In the question given, we can calculate the surface area of this cube as;

Surface area = 6 * s²

s = 4

Surface area = 6 * 4²

Surface area = 6 * 16 = 96 unit²

Learn more on surface area of cube here;

https://brainly.com/question/410493

#SPJ2

Help. Please asap rn.

Answers

Answer:

Area = 12 + 6.25π ft², Perimeter = 6 + 5π ft

Step-by-step explanation:

Area:

So I would break this shape into a triangle and a circle (the two semi-circles make a full circle).

Formula for Area of a Triangle: base · height ÷ 2

6 · 4 ÷ 2 = 24 ÷ 2 = 12

Formula for area of a circle: π · radius²

π · (5/2)² = 6.25π

Area of entire shape: Triangle + Circle

Area = 12 + 6.25π ft²

Perimeter:

So the perimeter is made up of the base of the triangle plus the circumference of the circle.

Base of Triangle: 6

Formula for circumference: 2rπ

5 · π = 5π

Perimeter = 12 + 5π ft

A rectangle is graphed on a coordinate plane. The
coordinates for two of the vertices of the rectangle are
(-5, 8) and (-5, -6). What is the distance between
the two vertices?

Answers

The two vertices (-5, 8) and (-5, -6) of the rectangle have the same x-coordinates

The distance between the two vertices is 14 units

How to determine the distance between the two vertices?

The vertices are given as:

(-5, 8) and (-5, -6)

The distance between the two vertices is calculated using:

d = √[(x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2]

So, we have:

d = √[(-5 + 5)^2 + (8 + 6)^2]

Evaluate the sum

d = √196

Evaluate the square root

d = 14

Hence, the distance between the two vertices is 14 units

Read more about distance at:

https://brainly.com/question/7243416

Answer: 14

Step-by-step explanation:

PLEASE HELP PLEASE HELP

Answers

Answer:

The answer should be 15, since each week the number goes up by 15.

I see a pattern here! Let me show you - multiply 15 by the week number (1, 2, 3, 4, ...), and you have y.

For example, 15 x 3 (for week 3) is 45, as shown by the y value.

So all we must do is multiply 15 by 5, and voila! We'll have our answer. Which, by the way, is 75.

I hope this answers your question!

-Toremi

The Window has the shape of a kite. How many square meters of glass were used to make the Window

Answers

The window that has the shape of a kite has the area of the glass as 648 centimetre squared.

What is area of a figure?

Area can be defined as the space occupied by a flat shape or the surface of an object. Therefore,

The window is the shape of a kite. Therefore, the square meters of the glass used for the window is the area of the window(kite).

Therefore,

area of kite = ab / 2

where

a and b are the length of the diagonal

Therefore,

a = 18 + 18 = 36 cm

b = 15 + 21 = 36 cm

area of the window = 36 × 36 / 2 = 1296 / 2 = 648 cm²

learn more on area here:https://brainly.com/question/2494000

Xan and Katie are twins. Xan weighs 666 pounds 999 ounces, and Katie weighs 888 pounds 111 ounce.
What is the difference, in ounces, between Xan and Katie's weight?

Answers

Answer:

Difference in weight is 24 once

Step-by-step explanation:

got it right

I’m so confused by this:( Could someone please explain how to do this thoroughly?

Answers

Answer:

A.  Complementary and Adjacent

B.  ∠KLM = 22°  and  ∠MLN = 68°

Step-by-step explanation:

Question A

As ∠KLN is a right angle, ∠KLN = 90°

⇒ ∠KLM + ∠MLN = 90°

When the sum of two angles is 90°, they are called complementary angles.

∠KLM and ∠MLN have a common side of ML and a common vertex (corner point) L.

When two angles have a common side and a common vertex but do not overlap in any way, the are called adjacent angles.

Question B

First find n:

∠KLM + ∠MLN = ∠KLN

⇒ 2n + (6n + 2) = 90

⇒ 2n + 6n + 2 = 90

Combine like terms:

⇒ 8n + 2 = 90

Subtract 2 from both sides:

⇒ 8n = 88

Divide both sides by 8:

⇒ n = 11

Now substitute the found value of n into the expressions for the two angles:

⇒ ∠KLM = 2(11) = 22°

⇒ ∠MLN = 6(11) + 2 = 68°

The volume of the sphere is 500 - cubic units.
3
What is the value of x?
04 units
O 5 units
----
O 8 units
O 10 units

Answers

Answer:

8 po yan po sagot ko .. correct me if I wrong

can someone help me how to do this pls

Answers

Answer:

the most closest answer is D because the formula is 3.14 x radius² x height

Step-by-step explanation:

if its right can I have brainliest

Find the solutions to the equation below.

Check all that apply.

2x^2 + 7x + 3 = 0

A. x = 4

B. x = -1/2

C. x = 2

D. x = 7

E. x = 3

F. x = -3

Answers

Answer:

B and F.

Step-by-step explanation:

2x^2 + 7x + 3 = 0

2x^2 + 6x + x + 3 = 0

2x(x + 3) + 1(x + 3) = 0

(2x + 1)(x + 3) = 0

x = -1/2, -3.

Find the missing side length

Answers

Answer:

12

Step-by-step explanation:

5^2+b^2=13^2

25+b^2=169

169-25=144

b=12

(yes, this is also a triple)

12 for sure I did that question

in a certain urban area, the relationship between number of students, x in thousands, and the umber of schools, y , has an x-intercept of -4 and a y-intercept of 3. Write an equation for this relationship in standard form

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\sf -3x+4y=12[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

x-intercept is when y = 0   →   (-4, 0)

y-intercept is when x = 0   →   (0, 3)

[tex]\sf slope\:(m)=\dfrac{change\:in\:y}{change\:in\:x}=\dfrac{3-0}{0-(-4)}=\dfrac34[/tex]

Substitute one of the points and the found slope into the point-slope form of a linear equation:

[tex]\implies \sf y-y_1=m(x-x_1)[/tex]

[tex]\implies \sf y-0=\dfrac34(x-(-4))[/tex]

[tex]\implies \sf y=\dfrac34(x+4)[/tex]

[tex]\implies \sf 4y=3(x+4)[/tex]

[tex]\implies \sf 4y=3x+12[/tex]

[tex]\implies \sf -3x+4y=12[/tex]

PLEASE HELP!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!
Set up the triple integral for the volume of the sphere ρ=4 in spherical coordinates.

Answers

In Cartesian coordinates, the volume is

[tex]\displaystyle \iiint_R \mathrm dV[/tex]

where R is the set

[tex]R = \left\{(x,y,z) \, : \, -4\le x\le4 \text{ and } -\sqrt{16-x^2} \le y \le \sqrt{16-x^2} \text{ and }\right. \\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\left.-\sqrt{16-x^2-y^2} \le z \le \sqrt{16-x^2-y^2} \right\}[/tex]

Converting to spherical coordinates, we take

[tex]\begin{cases}x=\rho\cos(\theta)\sin(\phi) \\ y=\rho\sin(\theta)\sin(\phi) \\ z = \rho\cos(\phi)\end{cases}[/tex]

and we can compute the Jacobian to find

[tex]dV = dx\,dy\,dz = \rho^2 \sin(\phi) \, d\rho \, d\theta \, d\phi[/tex]

and the set R transforms to

[tex]R' = \left\{(\rho,\theta,\phi) \,:\, 0\le \rho\le4 \text{ and }0\le\theta\le2\pi \text{ and } 0\le\phi\le\pi\right\}[/tex]

The new integral and hence the volume is then

[tex]\displaystyle \iiint_R \mathrm dV = \iiint_{R'} \rho^2 \sin(\phi) \, d\rho \, d\theta \, d\phi \\\\ = \boxed{\int_0^\pi \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^4 \rho^2 \sin(\phi) \, d\rho \, d\theta \, d\phi}[/tex]

A gelatin mold is in the shape of a hemisphere (half-sphere). If its diameter is 4 inches, find the exact volume of gelatin that 10 molds will hold.

Answers

Two hemispheres will be equal to a spheres, hence the volume of 10 hemispheres is 266.581 cubic inches

Volume of hemispheres

Given Data

Shape is that of hemisphereNo of hemisphere = 102 hemispheres = 1 sphere10 hemispheres = 5 spheresradius = 4inches

Let us find the volume of sphere

Volume = 4/3 *πr^3

Volume = 4/3*3.124* 4^3

Volume = 4/3*3.124*64

Volume =266.581 cubic inches

Learn more about hemispheres here:

https://brainly.com/question/25641436

Find the area of this triangle if
C = 138°, a = 16, and b = 7.
A
B•
[? square
units
Round to the nearest tenth.
Enter

Answers

38.1 units^2

Step-by-step explanation:

you can use the formula: 1/2(ab)(sin c)

plug it in: 1/2(16*7)(sin 138)

simplify: 57sin138

plug it into your calculator: 38.1 (rounded)

If you found this answer helpful, I would appreciate if you gave me the brainliest award :D.

Answer:

37.5

Step-by-step explanation:

For acellus

SOMEBODY PLEASE HELP!! EXPLANATION NEEDED!!!!!! 25 POINTSSS

Answers

Answer:

PA = 8 cm

Step-by-step explanation:

First, create a right triangle with legs OA and SA and hypotenuse OS. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to get the length of OS. Since this is a pythagorean triple (3-4-5) triangle, the hypotenuse is 5, meaning that OS is 5 cm long. Because OS and OP are both radii of the circle, they are equal. So, OP = 5 cm. Finally, simply add OA and OP to get PA:

OA + OP = PA

3 + 5 = PA

PA = 8 cm

Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that passes through ( 7,2 ) ( 2,12 )

Answers

Answer:

y = -2x + 16

Step-by-step explanation:

Slope-intercept form is:

y = mx + b

Where m = slope

b = y-intercept

To find the slope of the line containing (7,2) and (2,12), we have to find the slope, m.

m = (y2 - y1)/ (x2 - x1)= (12 - 2)/(2 - 7) = 10/-5 = -2

Now, to find the y-intercept (b), insert m = -2 into the equation and one of the given points:

y = -2x + b

let's use point (7,2) to find b:

2 = -2(7) + b2 = -14 + bb = 16

Now, we can find the equation of this line:

y = -2x + 16

Answer:

y=-2x+16

Step-by-step explanation:

First we should find the slope.

We can use the formula (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)


(12-2)/(2-7)=10/-5=-2

So, the slope is -2.

From there, we can plug in one of the points into the standard slope-intercept equation, y=mx+b, along with the slope we already found

y=-2x+b

12=-2(2)+b

12=-4+b

b=16

So, the slope-intercept equation is y=-2x+16

Use the order of operations to find the value of the expression. 12
÷
2
×
3

(
7

5
) HELP KME OUT

Answers

Answer:

16

Step-by-step explanation:

12 divided by 2 x 3 - (7 - 5)

6 x 3 - 2

18 - 2

16

Answer:

answer 16

Step-by-step explanation:

12 ÷ 2 x 3 - ( 7 - 5 ) is it right?
---------------------------------------------

Solving from left to right

12 ÷ 2 x 3 - ( 7 - 5 )
6 x 3 - (+2)
18 - 2

16

would like some help

Answers

Answer:

a) Greatest Common factor = 3

b) Greatest Common factor = x

c) Greatest Common factor = xy

Step-by-step explanation:

a)

We can write the equation "3x² - 9x + 12" into three parts and we factor them:

3x² =  [tex]3\times\:x\times\:x[/tex]

9x = [tex]3\times\:3\times\:x[/tex]

12 = [tex]2\times\:2\times\:3[/tex]

Common factor = 3

b)

We can write the equation "5x² + 3x" into two parts and we factor them:

5x² = [tex]5\times\:x\times\:x[/tex]

3x = [tex]3\times\:x[/tex]

Common factor = x

c)

We can write the equation "x²y - xy²" into two parts and we factor them:

x²y = [tex]x\times\:x\times\:y[/tex]

xy² = [tex]x\times\:y\times\:y[/tex]

Common factor = xy or x ⋅ y

#1

3x²-9x+12

3 is common

x is not present at 12 hence it can't 3x

GCF=3

#2

5x²+3x

Nothing common except x and 1

GCF=x

#3

x²y-xy²

GCF=xy

Can someone pls help me with this.

Joe and Charmaine walk around a track.Joe walks each lap in 12 minutes. Charmaine walks each lap in 8 minutes.The two of them begin at the starting line at the same time. They walk until they meet again.

How much time does it take for them to meet again at the starting line?

How many laps does Joe complete

How many laps does Charmaine complete?

Answers

Answer:

[A] It will take 24 minutes for Joe and Charmaine to meet again at the starting line.

[B] Joe will complete 2 laps

[C]  Charmaine will complete 3 laps.

Step-by-step explanation:

Factor two numbers 12 and 8:

12 = 2×2×3

8 = 2×2×2

Find LCM of 12 and 8:

Lcm of 12 and 8 - 2×2×3×2 = 24

Therefore,

[A] How much time does it take for them to meet again at the starting line?

It will take 24 minutes for Joe and Charmaine to meet again at the starting line.

[B] How many laps does Joe complete

Joe will complete 2 laps

[C] How many laps does Charmaine complete?

Charmaine will complete 3 laps.

~lenvy~

Can someone help please

Answers

Answer:

Infinitely many solutions

Step-by-step explanation:

To solve for x, start by expanding the left-hand side of the equation.

2(x +5)= 2x +10

2(x) +2(5)= 2x +10

2x +10= 2x +10

Subtracting 10 from both sides:

2x= 2x

Divide both sides by 2:

x= x

Thus, x has infinitely many solutions.

before tomorrow can I have a quick answer and maybe an explanation on how to answer these kinds of questions overall? need some help asap

Answers

Answer:

  a) maximum; the parabola opens downward

  b) positive; it must lie above the x-axis

  c) x = 1.5

Step-by-step explanation:

The x-intercepts of a function are the points where the graph of the function crosses the x-axis. The y-values there are zero.

The "differences" of a function are related to the average slope between adjacent points. Second differences are related to the rate of change of the slope of the function. When second differences are negative, as here, the slope of the quadratic function is decreasing, becoming more negative. We say the curvature of the function is negatve, and that it opens downward.

__

a, b.

If the graph of the parabola opens downward, and it crosses the x-axis, it must have a maximum that is a positive value of y.

__

c.

The graph of a parabola is symmetrical about its vertex. That means points on the same horizontal line are the same distance from the line of symmetry, which must go through the vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex will be the x-coordinate of the midpoint between the two x-intercepts:

  x = (-2 +5)/2 = 3/2

The x-coordinate of the vertex is x = 1.5.

______

Additional comment

The attachment shows a table with three evenly-spaced points on the curve. The calculations show first differences (d1) and second differences (d2). You can see that the sign of the second diffference is negative, in agreement with the given conditions.

A student performed the following steps to find the solution to the question x^2 - 2x - 15 = 0. Where did the student go wrong?

Step 1: Factor the polynomial into (x + 3) and (x - 5)
Step 2: x + 3 = 0 and x - 5 = 0
Step 3: x = 3 and x = -5

A. In step 2

B. The student did not make any mistakes, the solution is correct

C. In step 1

D. In step 3

Answers

Answer:

D  In step 3

Step-by-step explanation:

Given polynomial:  x² - 2x - 15 = 0

Step 1:  factor the polynomial ⇒ (x + 3)(x - 5) = 0

Step 2:  x + 3 = 0  and  x - 5 = 0

Step 3:  x = -3  and x = 5

x - 5 = 0

Add 5 to both sides:

⇒ x - 5 + 5 = 0 + 5

⇒ x = 5

please hurry im crying

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

it shows that the line is the same becuase it is perfectly lined up :)

Suppose that at some future time every telephone in the
world is assigned a number that contains a country code
1 to 3 digits long, that is, of the form X, XX, or XXX,
followed by a 10-digit telephone number of the form
NXX-NXX-XXXX (as described in Example 8). How
many different telephone numbers would be available
worldwide under this numbering plan?

Answers

Using the Fundamental Counting Theorem, it is found that [tex]1.11 \times 10^{13}[/tex] different telephone numbers would be avaiable worldwide.

What is the Fundamental Counting Theorem?

It is a theorem that states that if there are n things, each with [tex]n_1, n_2, \cdots, n_n[/tex] ways to be done, each thing independent of the other, the number of ways they can be done is:

[tex]N = n_1 \times n_2 \times \cdots \times n_n[/tex]

In this problem:

For the code, considering that for each digit there are 10 possible outcomes, the number of options is [tex]n_1 = 10 + 10^2 + 10^3 = 1110 = 1.11 \times 10^3[/tex].For the number, there are 10 digits, each with 10 options, hence the number of options is [tex]n_2 = 10^{10}[/tex].

Hence, the number of different telephone numbers that would be avaiable is given by:

[tex]N = n_1n_2 = 1.11 \times 10^3 \times 10^{10} = 1.11 \times 10^{13}[/tex]

[tex]1.11 \times 10^{13}[/tex] different telephone numbers would be avaiable worldwide.

More can be learned about the Fundamental Counting Theorem at https://brainly.com/question/24314866

Solve the equation.
If necessary:
Combine Terms
5
3-4x=3 = -9x32
Axt/
6
Apply properties:
Add
Subtract
Multiply Divide
To start over:
Reset

Answers

3/4x + 3 -2x = -1/4+1/2x+5 If necessary: Combine Terms Apply Properties: Add, Subtract, Multiply

What are the coordinates of a point on the unit circle if the angle formed by the positive x-axis and the radius is 45? (WHO WANTS BRAINLIEST?!)

Answers

Answer:

the 45 degree angle is in the first quadrant, the coordinates are (√2/2, √2/2) (square root of 2 on the top, 2 on the bottom)

Blank × 100 =23 find the missing number

Answers

Answer:

blank = 0.23

Step-by-step explanation:

to do this you can divide both sides by 100

23/100 is 0.23

blank = 0.23

Answer:

0.23 or 23/100

Step-by-step explanation:

1) Start by setting up an equation

We'll say that x represents the blank.

100x = 23

2) Solve

100x = 23

Divide both sides by 100

x = 0.23 or 23/100

What is the slope of a line perpendicular to the line whose equation is
5x – 2y = -10. Fully simplify your answer.

Answers

Answer:

-2/5

Step-by-step explanation:

5x - 2y = -10

-2y = -5x - 10

y = 5/2x + 5

m = 5/2

Perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals of one another. For example, 5 would become -1/5 and 1/3 would become -3.

If m = 5/2

Perpendicular line m = -2/5

Hope this helps!

Answer:

The slope of the line perpendicular to this line is -2/5.

Step-by-step explanation:

5x - 2y = -10

Let's simplify this equation to be in slope-intercept form: y = mx + b.

Start by adding 2y to both sides of the equation.

5x = -10 + 2y

Next, add 10 to both sides of the equation.

5x + 10 = 2y

Divide both sides of the equation by 2.

(5x + 10)/2 = y (5/2)x + 5 = y

The slope of this line is the coefficient of x; in this case, it is 5/2.

If we want to find the slope of the line perpendicular to this line, we take the opposite (change the sign) reciprocal (flip the fraction).

The slope 5/2 becomes -2/5.

Therefore, the slope of a line perpendicular to the line whose equation is 5x - 2y = -10 is -2/5.

Other Questions
Please help The diagram below shows a square prism. The plane ABC is inside theprism, and M is the midpoint of the base diagonal BC. MD. = square root 18b Hence find, correct to the nearest degree, the angle that the plane ABCmakes with the base of the prism. Diagram is attached below. How has Bilbo changed from the beginning of the novel to now? Use quotes from the novel tosupport your writing. State the reason why K = MGiven:KLMN is a parallelogram. What is the formula for calculating pH?O A. pOH= [H*] [OH -]B. pH = -log[OH-]C. pH = -log[H+]D. pH = log[ht] Can someone please help me? My Brainly isn't working correctly and I need help. I can't see the home page... all I can see is in the pic... Please help me!!! Best friends, todd and Alexis, each receive bonus checks in the same amount. They decide to use their bonuses toward a savings plan for the next world cup soccer event in Russia. todds plan is to start with $1050 in a jar and add $32 every year for 4 years. Alexis deposits $1050 into a savings account that pays 3.2% interest annually for 4 years If 2.00 grams of zinc are added to an excess of hydrochloric acid,what is the volume, in liters, of hydrogen gas is produced? Question 6 of 10Which two reactions are faster than the others?A. Iron metal reacts with oxygen in air to form rust.B. Black powder in fireworks burns explosively to produce gasesand white lightc. Lead nitrate and potassium iodide react to form a yellowprecipitate.D. Silver tarnishes in air that contains hydrogen sulfide. The Importance of ImaginationEsha ChhabraEXTENDED-RESPONSE ACTIVITY Author's InfluencesDIRECTIONS: Complete the following activity as either a written response or a group discussion.RI.6.6 Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it isconveyed in the text.1. Explain the author's point of view in the text.Determine the author's point of view, or position, in the reflective essay"The Importance of Imagination." What does she think about the importance of imagination in adults?Then, explain how the author develops her point of view in the text. In your response, include theinfluences she discusses as evidence to support your position.Use these guidelines in your writing or discussion. Consider the role of creativity and imagination in the author's own life. What, overall, does the author believe about the importance of imagination in adults? Identify the influences the author mentions as being important in forming her ideas aboutimagination. Describe how the author develops, or builds, her ideas in the text.TIP FOR WRITTEN RESPONSECheck your writing for run-on sentences and fragments.TIP FOR DISCUSSIONThink about the ideas the discussion is about beforehand. Reread the selection in advance if necessary. True or false in addition, people harnesses the power of renewable resources. Such as wind and water What was one purpose of the Great Society programs begun under President Johnson? why doesn't the dead sea and the fresh water sea never mix? Explain with own answers. Please answer. I need it to be right. why is the folding up of the leaves of a sensitive plant on touching with a finger not a tropism Do u know Spanish because I need help on this Spanish test if the price of small box is $20 and the price of large box is $45. what is the greatest amount of money he received when he sells all the boxes he has made? For this amount of money how many boxes of each size did he make 1. Jack pulls a sled across a frozen pond. The force he pulls with is 30 newtons and he does 4500 joules of work to get the sled across the pond. How far does he pull the sled? What are some Healthy Nutritions? What is the purpose of a family communication plan?o to increase communication of instructions during an emergencyO to contact each other when an emergency strikesO to communicate with emergency workers in the case of a natural disasterto diffuse conflict during an emergencyHelp please !!! What is an outline?A.a rough draft of your paper B.a graphic organizer used to choose a topicC.a plan for a piece of formal writing D.a plan to narrow down your topic