To apply the discounted free cash flow model, the analyst needs to estimate the future cash flows of the business, the discount rate, and the terminal value of the business.
The discounted free cash flow model is a valuation method used by analysts to determine the intrinsic value of a business. The method involves estimating the future cash flows the business will generate, and then discounting those cash flows back to present value using a discount rate. The analyst also needs to estimate the terminal value of the business, which represents the value of the business at the end of the projection period.
To apply the discounted free cash flow model, the analyst needs to estimate the future cash flows of the business, the discount rate, and the terminal value of the business. Estimating the future cash flows of the business involves projecting the revenue, expenses, and capital expenditures of the business over a certain period, usually 5-10 years. This projection is based on the historical performance of the business, the industry trends, and any other factors that may impact the future performance of the business. Once the cash flows are projected, the analyst needs to discount them back to present value using a discount rate. The discount rate is the rate of return that the investor requires to invest in the business. It takes into account the risk of investing in the business, the opportunity cost of investing in other assets, and the time value of money.
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Japan imposed different tax rates on distilled alcoholic beverages. Whisky, brandy, rum, gin, vodka (imported products), and other spirits and liqueurs were in some cases taxed at rates seven or eight times those imposed on the popular Japanese-distilled beverage called "Shochu". Shochu is an alcoholic beverage distilled from potatoes, sweet potatoes, buckwheat, or other grains. It averages a 25-to-30-percent alcohol content and is similar in other characteristics to vodka and whisky. The United States, the European Communities, and Canada launched a complaint with the WTO, alleging that the Japanese law taxed the locally produced Shochu more favorably than several other imported alcoholic beverages in contravention of the national treatment rule.
Question: Was the complaint justifiable (the USA, European Community, and Canada)? If yes, why? If not, why not? (Use the National Treatment Rule to justify your answer).
Q2. Shrimp-Sea Turtle Case:
The United States passed domestic legislation that banned the importation of shrimp that had been caught by methods that harmed sea turtles, and the US mandated that US-designed Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) be used to catch any shrimp destined for the US market. It had applied these restrictions to its own industry and was seeking to restrict access to its market as a way of ensuring that other countries would implement the same or similar measures. In fact, the way in which the United States had applied the import restrictions was arbitrary: some countries whose shrimping methods harmed sea turtles were excluded, whereas others were not. As well, some countries received information about the assistance in conforming with the techniques, while others did not. The case against the United States was brought by India, Malaysia, Thailand, and Pakistan, all significant shrimp-producing nations (p, 41)"
Question: Does the measure (banning the importation of shrimp) conform to the requirements of the respective exception (WTO exceptions)
Q1. The complaint lodged by the United States, the European Communities, and Canada against Japan concerning tax rates on distilled alcoholic beverages was justified. The tax rates imposed on imported alcoholic beverages such as whisky, brandy, rum, gin, and vodka were significantly higher, around seven or eight times, than the rates imposed on the popular domestically produced Japanese-distilled beverage called Shochu.
According to the National Treatment Rule of the World Trade Organization (WTO), imported products should be treated equally to domestically produced ones.
However, Japan's tax law favored Shochu by imposing more favorable rates compared to imported alcoholic beverages, which violated the National Treatment Rule.
Therefore, the complaint filed against Japan was justified.
Q2. The prohibition on importing shrimp caught using methods that harm sea turtles does not comply with the requirements of the respective exception within the World Trade Organization (WTO).
This is because the United States implemented import restrictions in an arbitrary manner, excluding certain countries with shrimp fishing practices that harm sea turtles while exempting others.
Additionally, some countries were provided with information and assistance on conforming to acceptable techniques, while others were not.
The WTO allows its members to adopt measures necessary to protect human, animal, or plant life and health, but these measures should not be applied in an arbitrary or unjustifiable manner.
The United States' ban on shrimp imports was not implemented uniformly, making it arbitrary and failing to meet the requirements of the respective exception outlined by the WTO.
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At the end of the year, there is $6,800 worth of employee wages that have been earned by the employees, but not yet paid. Record the adjusting journal entry.
DEBIT: Wages Payable for $6,800; CREDIT: Wage Expense for $6,800
DEBIT: Cash for $6,800; CREDIT: Wage Expense for $6,800
DEBIT: Wage Expense for $6,800; CREDIT: Cash for $6,800
DEBIT: Wage Expense for $6,800; CREDIT: Wages Payable for $6,800
The correct journal entry for this situation would be to debit Wages Payable for $6,800 and credit Wage Expense for $6,800.
This is because the wages have been earned by the employees, but not yet paid, so they are still considered a liability for the company. By debiting Wages Payable, we are increasing the amount of the liability, and by crediting Wage Expense, we are reducing the amount of expenses for the year. It is important to make this adjusting entry at the end of the year in order to accurately reflect the company's financial statements and ensure that all liabilities are properly accounted for.
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Project Time Management is a process needed to: o Ensure timely completion of project. o None of the above. O Track time taken for each activity. o Bill the client for each hour of work done.
Project Time Management is a process needed to ensure timely completion of a project.
How does Project Time Management ensure timely project completion?Project Time Management is a crucial process within project management that involves planning, monitoring, and controlling the time-related aspects of a project to ensure its timely completion. It encompasses various activities, such as defining project activities, estimating the time required for each activity, creating a project schedule, and tracking progress against the schedule.
By implementing effective Project Time Management, project managers can identify potential delays or bottlenecks early on, enabling them to take proactive measures to address them and keep the project on track. This process allows for better resource allocation, scheduling of activities, and coordination among team members, leading to improved project efficiency and timely completion. Furthermore, it helps in identifying critical activities and their dependencies, facilitating effective decision-making and risk management.
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Earth Movers & Shakers operates 3 iron ore mines. The table below shows each mine's total daily production and the current number of miners at each mine. All miners work for the same wage, and each miner in any given mine produces the same number of tons per day as every other miner in that mine.
Total Tons Number of Mother Lode Scraping Bottom Middle Drift Per Day 100 30 75 Miners 25 10
The opportunity cost of moving one miner from Mother Lode to another mine is:
a. 4 tons per day.
b. 1 ton per day.
c. 3 tons per day.
d. 2 tons per day.
To determine the opportunity cost of moving one miner from Mother Lode to another mine, we need to compare the change in production at Mother Lode with the change in production at the other mine.
Currently, Mother Lode produces 100 tons per day with 25 miners, which means each miner produces 4 tons per day (100 tons / 25 miners = 4 tons/miner).
If we move one miner from Mother Lode to another mine, the production at Mother Lode will decrease by the amount of production that one miner contributes, which is 4 tons per day. At the same time, the production at the other mine will increase by the same amount, as each miner in any given mine produces the same number of tons per day.
Therefore, the opportunity cost of moving one miner from Mother Lode to another mine is 4 tons per day (option a).
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The adjusted trial balance shows the following:
Accumulated depreciation-equipment, P100,000
Accumulated depreciation-furniture and fixture, P120,000
Accounts receivable, P400,000
Allowance for doubtful accounts, P20,000
Cash, P250,000
Equipment, P350,000
Furniture and fixture, P450,000
Supplies on hand, P48,000
Prepaid rent, P60,000
How much is the non-current assets?
The non-current assets amount to P800,000.
Non-current assets refer to long-term assets that are not intended for immediate sale or conversion into cash. In this case, the non-current assets include equipment and furniture and fixture. By adding the values of the equipment and furniture and fixture accounts, we find that the non-current assets amount to P800,000. These assets are essential for the company's operations and are expected to generate economic benefits over an extended period, typically beyond one year.
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Assume an economy with an upward-sloping aggregate supply curve and an MPC of 0.80. How much an increase in investment spending of $40 billion will most likely increase total income. Show calculat
An economy has an upward-sloping aggregate supply curve and an MPC of 0.80. An increase in investment spending of $40 billion will most likely increase the total income by $200 billion.
Explanation:Given, MPC = 0.80 and an increase in investment spending of $40 billion.We know that MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume) = ΔC/ΔYWhere, ΔC = Change in ConsumptionΔY = Change in IncomeAs per the formula;ΔC/ΔY = MPC⇒ ΔC = MPC × ΔY = 0.80 × ΔY ----------(1)Given, increase in investment spending = $40 billion.Now, the effect of the increase in investment spending on national income can be analyzed through the following steps:Let's consider the multiplier formula:ΔY = (1 / (1 - MPC)) × ΔIWhere, ΔI = Change in Investment Putting all the given values into the above equation,ΔY = (1 / (1 - MPC)) × ΔI = (1 / (1 - 0.80)) × 40= 5 × 40= 200 billion .
Thus, an increase in investment spending of $40 billion will most likely increase the total income by $200 billion.
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how does carbon emissions affect the economic growth for
countries
Carbon emissions refer to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming and climate change.
The effects of carbon emissions on economic growth are complex, and there is a significant debate among economists about the trade-offs between economic growth and environmental protection. However, in general, it can be said that carbon emissions have a negative impact on economic growth for several reasons.
First, carbon emissions can result in increased costs for companies and governments as they attempt to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as investing in renewable energy and reducing emissions. This can lead to reduced profits, higher taxes, and increased public debt.
Second, carbon emissions can also lead to health problems, particularly respiratory diseases, which can result in increased healthcare costs for individuals and governments. This, in turn, can have a negative impact on economic growth, as healthy populations are generally more productive than unhealthy ones.
Finally, carbon emissions can lead to environmental damage, such as air and water pollution, which can reduce the productivity of land and water resources. This can have a negative impact on industries such as agriculture and tourism, which rely on these resources for their livelihoods.
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Big Country Builders is hiring laborers for a project. The job requires the ability to lift and move objects weighing up to 100 pounds. Tim Kelly, who is 5'9" tall and looks to weigh 140 pounds, applies for the job. Big Country wants to insure that Tim is physically capable of doing the job. What can Big Country do?
a. If Big Country makes a conditional offer to Tim, it can require Tim to take a physical examination before spending time and money on the rest of the application process.
b. Big Country can avoid any problems by keeping a set of 100 pound weights in the office and requiring all applicants to lift the weights at the time of the interview.
c. Big Country cannot require Tim to take a pre-employment physical as a condition of employment, but can require an examination after a job offer has been made, provided that the non-medical aspects of the application process are completed before the physical exam.
d. Big Country can require Tim to take a pre-employment physical exam before spending time and money on the rest of the process.
Big Country Builders can require Tim to take a pre-employment physical exam before spending time and money on the rest of the process.
Big Country Builders can require Tim to take a pre-employment physical exam before spending time and money on the rest of the process. This is the main answer to the question asked above. Pre-employment physical examination is a kind of medical examination that aims to determine if an applicant is medically qualified to do the job or not. It is a tool that an employer can use to reduce their risk of liability for workplace injuries and illnesses caused by workers.
If Big Country Builders wants to ensure that Tim Kelly is physically capable of doing the job, it can require him to take a pre-employment physical exam before spending time and money on the rest of the process. Doing so will allow the company to know whether Tim is fit to perform the job requirements or not.
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A $3,000 9% twelve-year bond with annual coupons is purchased with a discount of $57 and yields 9.1% if held to maturity. Find the price. The answer is $2997.95 but not sure how to get there.
Using the bond pricing formula, we can calculate the price of the bond as follows:
Price = $270 * [1 - 1/(1+0.091)^12]/0.091 + $3,000/(1+0.091)^12
Price = $2,997.95
Therefore, the price of the bond is $2,997.95.
To find the price of the bond, we need to use the bond pricing formula. The formula is as follows:
Price = C * [1 - 1/(1+r)^n]/r + F/(1+r)^n
Where C is the annual coupon payment, r is the annual yield to maturity (YTM), n is the number of years until maturity, and F is the face value or par value of the bond.
In this case, the annual coupon payment is 9% of $3,000, which is $270. The yield to maturity is 9.1%, and the number of years until maturity is 12. The face value of the bond is $3,000.
Now, we need to use the information given in the problem to find the price of the bond. The bond is purchased at a discount of $57, which means that the price paid is $3,000 - $57 = $2,943.
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If the accounting profession self-polices and has its own rules,
why do states such as California need their own rules as well?.
California, like other states, implements its own rules for accounting to ensure compliance with state-specific regulations and standards.
While the accounting profession self-polices through bodies like the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), states like California may implement additional rules to address specific regional needs and ensure local regulatory control. These state-specific regulations help address unique factors such as local business practices, economic conditions, and legal requirements that may not be adequately covered by broader professional standards.
By having their own rules, states can tailor regulations to better protect consumers, ensure fair competition, and maintain public trust in the accounting profession. This dual regulatory framework allows for a combination of national standards and localized regulations, striking a balance between professional autonomy and local governance.
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Fellar Corp, has identified the following information Activity cost pools Materials handling Machine maintenance $42,840 25,500 Cost drivers Number of material moves Number of machine hours 840 75,000 Required 1. Calculate the activity rate for each cost pool. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) Activity Rate Material Handling per Material Move Machine Maintenance per Machine Hour 2. Detemine the amount of overhead assigned to Fellar's products if they have the following activity demands: (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places and final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.) Number of material moves Number of machine hours Product A 590 42,600 Product B 250 32,400 Total Assi Product A Product B
Activity Rates: Material Handling: $42,840 / 840 = $51 per material move
Machine Maintenance: $25,500 / 75,000 = $0.34 per machine hour
Overhead Assigned to Products.
Product A: (590 material moves * $51 per material move) + (42,600 machine hours * $0.34 per machine hour) = $30,090 + $14,484 = $44,574
Product B: (250 material moves * $51 per material move) + (32,400 machine hours * $0.34 per machine hour) = $12,750 + $11,016 = $23,766
Total Overhead Assigned: $44,574 (Product A) + $23,766 (Product B) = $68,340
The activity rate for each cost pool is calculated by dividing the total cost of each pool by its respective cost driver. In this case, the cost driver for materials handling is the number of material moves, and the cost driver for machine maintenance is the number of machine hours. By dividing the total cost of each pool by its respective cost driver, we can determine the activity rate per unit of the cost driver.
To calculate the overhead assigned to each product, we multiply the activity rate by the respective activity demand for each cost driver. For Product A, we multiply the activity rate for materials handling by the number of material moves and the activity rate for machine maintenance by the number of machine hours. The same calculation is done for Product B. Finally, we sum up the overhead assigned to each product to get the total overhead assigned to all products.
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num
9 chpy 16 pls abswer
The Cutting Department of Lasso Company has the following production and cost data for August. Production Costs 1. Started and completed 10,400 units. Beginning work in process 50 2 Started 2.200 unit
The cost of production of the completed units is $206,900. The cost of production of the goods still in process is $4,800.The cost per equivalent unit for direct materials is $14.30.The cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs is $9.30.
The cost of production of the completed units is $206,900 which is obtained by adding the total cost of production in the current period with the cost of beginning work in process inventory as shown below:
Direct materials cost $169,950
Conversion costs $55,000
Plus: Beginning work in process $28,950
Total production cost $253,900
Less: cost of units in work in process inventory $47,000
Total cost of units completed and transferred out $206,900
The cost of production of the goods still in process is $4,800.
This cost is the total of the direct material cost and the conversion costs of the incomplete units multiplied by the percentage of completion of the units. The calculation is shown below:
Direct material cost ($13.70 * 40%) $5.48
Conversion costs ($8.70 * 40%) $3.48
Total $8.96
Less: cost of units transferred out $4.16
Total cost of work in process inventory $4.80
The cost per equivalent unit for direct materials is $14.30.
This is the total cost of direct materials divided by the equivalent units produced.
Direct materials cost $169,950Divided by:
Equivalent units produced 11,900
Cost per equivalent unit $14.30
The cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs is $9.30. This is the total cost of conversion costs divided by the equivalent units produced.
Conversion costs $55,000
Divided by:
Equivalent units produced 5,900Cost per equivalent unit $9.30
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Gilley, Inc., sells a single product. The company's most recent income statement is given below. Sales (4,000 units) $120,000 Less variable expenses (68,000) Contribution margin 52,000 Less fixed expenses (40,000) Net income $ 12,000 Required: a. Contribution margin per unit is $ ________ per unit b. If sales are doubled to $240,000, total variable costs will equal $ ________ c. If sales are doubled to $240,000, total fixed costs will equal $ ________ d. If 10 more units are sold, profits will increase by $ ________ e. Compute how many units must be sold to break even. # ________ f. Compute how many units must be sold to achieve profits of $20,000. # ________
Contribution margin per unit is $13 per unit , total variable costs will equal $136,000, total fixed costs will equal $40,000. If 10 more units are sold, profits will increase by $130, The number of units to break-even is 7,111. The number of units required to achieve a profit of $20,000 is 5,538.
Given that Sales (4,000 units) $120,000Less variable expenses (68,000)
Contribution margin 52,000Less fixed expenses (40,000)Net income $ 12,000a)
Calculation of contribution margin per unit
Contribution margin per unit is calculated by dividing the total contribution margin by total number of units.
Contribution margin per unit =$52,000/4,000 units= $13 per unit
Calculation of total variable costs Total variable cost is calculated as follows:
Contribution margin = Sales - Variable cost ⇒ $52,000 = $120,000 - Variable cost⇒
Variable cost = $120,000 - $52,000 = $68,000
Total variable costs for sales of $240,000 = $240,000 × ($68,000 ÷ $120,000) = $136,000
Calculation of total fixed costs
Total fixed costs for sales of $240,000 = $40,000 (remains the same)
Calculation of profits increase
If 10 more units are sold, profits will increase by $130 = 10 × $13 (contribution margin per unit)
Calculation of break-even point
Break-even point is the point where total sales equals total expenses and the net income is zero.
Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin / Sales ⇒ $52,000 / $120,000 ⇒ 0.433 or 43.3%
Fixed expenses / Contribution margin ratio = $40,000 / 0.433 ⇒ $92,355 (rounded to nearest dollar)
Total units to break-even = Total fixed cost / Contribution margin per unit ⇒ $92,355 / $13 per unit = 7,111 (rounded to nearest whole unit)
Calculation of the number of units needed to achieve a profit of $20,000
Units required to achieve a profit of $20,000 = (Fixed costs + Operating income) / Contribution
margin per unit = ($40,000 + $20,000) / $13 per unit
= 4,000 units + 1,538 units = 5,538 units (rounded to nearest whole unit)
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John owed Paul $10,000.00. John transferred his car worth $10,000.00 to Paul to satisfy the debt. Two months later John filed bankruptcy. His total non-exempt assets were about $20,000.00 and he owed unsecured debts of $90,000.00 John's trustee in bankruptcy demanded that Paul surrender the car. Paul refused saying he acted in good faith and that the car's value did not exxeed the amount he was owed.
a. Can Paul keep the car. Explain.
b. Instead of the above, among John's assets are the following: His residence valued at $500,000.00 with a mortgage of $490,000.00; a car with a value of $20,000.00 and a loan of $16,000.00 against it; a boat with a value of $30,000.00 with a loan of $5,000.00 against it. How will the Bankruptcy Court and Trustee deal with these assets?
Explain your answer
a. Paul cannot keep the car. In bankruptcy cases, the trustee has the authority to recover assets that were transferred by the debtor prior to filing bankruptcy if those transfers were made to defraud creditors or hinder the bankruptcy process. This is known as a fraudulent conveyance
b. In the case of John's assets, the Bankruptcy Court and Trustee would handle them are Residence, Boat and Car.
a. Paul cannot keep the car. In bankruptcy cases, the trustee has the authority to recover assets that were transferred by the debtor prior to filing bankruptcy if those transfers were made to defraud creditors or hinder the bankruptcy process. This is known as a fraudulent conveyance. Since John transferred the car to Paul to satisfy a debt shortly before filing bankruptcy, the trustee can demand the return of the car as part of the bankruptcy estate to distribute it among the creditors.
b. In the case of John's assets, the Bankruptcy Court and Trustee would handle them as follows:
- Residence: The residence valued at $500,000 with a mortgage of $490,000 indicates that there is minimal equity in the property. In this scenario, the Bankruptcy Court may allow John to keep the residence as it falls within the allowed exemption limits. The trustee will consider the mortgage and the lack of significant equity, making it unlikely that the residence would be sold to satisfy the unsecured debts.
- Car: The car valued at $20,000 with a loan of $16,000 means there is equity of $4,000. Depending on the exemption laws in the jurisdiction, John may be able to keep the car if the equity falls within the allowed exemption amount. If it exceeds the exemption limit, the trustee may sell the car, repay the loan, and distribute any remaining funds to the creditors.
- Boat: The boat valued at $30,000 with a loan of $5,000 indicates equity of $25,000. Similar to the car, the trustee will consider whether the equity in the boat falls within the allowed exemption amount. If it exceeds the exemption limit, the trustee may sell the boat, repay the loan, and distribute any remaining funds to the creditors.
It's important to note that bankruptcy laws and exemption limits vary by jurisdiction. The specific rules and regulations in the relevant jurisdiction will ultimately determine how the Bankruptcy Court and Trustee handle these assets.
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21 2.00 points E11-16 Preparing a statement of Retained Earnings and Partial Balance sheet and Evaluating Dividend Policy Cro 11-3, 11-5] The following account balances were selected from the records of beverage maker Blake Corporation at December 31 after all adjusting entries were completed: common stock (par $15; authorized 100,ooo shares, issued 29,ooo shares, $435, ooo of which 1,100 shares are held as treasury stock Additional paid-in capital common stock 174,000 Dividends 22,000 Retained earnings, beginning of year 70,000 Treasury stock at cost (1100 shares) 22,000 Net income for the year was $39000 Required 1-a. Prepare the statement of retained earnings for the year ended December 31 BLAKE CORPORATION Statement of Retained Earnings For the Year Ended December 31 Retained Earnings, January 1 Retained Earnings, December 31
BLAKE CORPORATION Statement of Retained Earnings For the Year Ended December 31 Retained Earnings, January 1 $70,000 Add: Net Income for the year $39,000 Total $109,000 Less: Dividends paid $22,000 Retained Earnings, December 31 $87,000
Required 1-b. Prepare the partial balance sheet for Blake Corporation at December 31.
BLAKE CORPORATION Partial Balance Sheet as of December 31 Assets Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current Assets: Current Liabilities: Cash $15,000 Accounts Payable $25,000 Accounts Receivable $20,000 Salaries Payable $5,000 Inventories $30,000 Total Current Liabilities $30,000 Prepaid Expenses $5,000 Long-term Liabilities: Total Current Assets $70,000 Notes Payable $40,000 Property, Plant, and Equipment: Stockholders' Equity: Land $30,000 Common Stock $435,000 Buildings and Equipment $400,000 Additional Paid-in Capital $174,000 Less: Accumulated Depreciation $(120,000) Retained Earnings $87,000 Treasury Stock $(22,000) Total Stockholders' Equity $674,000 Total Assets $380,000 Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $704,000
Required 2. Evaluate Blake Corporation's dividend policy based on the information provided.
Blake Corporation paid $22,000 in dividends during the year, which is less than the net income of $39,000. This indicates that the company is retaining a portion of its earnings to reinvest in the business and finance future growth. The statement of retained earnings shows an increase in retained earnings from $70,000 to $87,000, which further supports this conclusion. Additionally, the company has authorized but not yet issued 71,000 shares of common stock, which provides flexibility for future financing options. Overall, Blake Corporation's dividend policy seems to prioritize reinvestment in the business and potential future growth over immediate payouts to shareholders.
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PART B During the year 20X5, the owner of Plants 'R' Us made the following inventory purchases and issues: Date Units £/item Units remaining Details Opening inventory 1 January 20X5 50 3 50 4 January
There are several methods for calculating inventory cost, including First-In-First-Out (FIFO), Last-In-First-Out (LIFO), and Weighted Average Cost.
In the given scenario, Plants 'R' Us has made several inventory purchases and issues, but a specific inventory costing method has not been provided. Therefore, it is challenging to determine the inventory cost without that information.In addition, the given information does not include any information about the sales made by the company. Therefore, it is difficult to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) and the ending inventory as they are directly affected by the sales made. However, if the sales information was available, the COGS and the ending inventory could be calculated using the FIFO, LIFO, or Weighted Average Cost methods.
In conclusion, it can be said that the information provided in the problem is not sufficient to calculate the inventory cost, COGS, and ending inventory. The method of inventory costing must be provided along with the information to determine the inventory cost, COGS, and ending inventory.
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Suppose a firm's cost function is given by C(Q) = 1,200 + 15Q + 25Q² +2Q³. Calculate the average variable cost (AVC) of producing 10 units of output.
The average variable cost (AVC) of producing 10 units of output for the given cost function is $237. The average variable cost of producing 10 units of output is $485.
To calculate the average variable cost (AVC), we need to determine the variable cost per unit of output. The variable cost includes the costs that change with the level of production. In the given cost function, we have the equation C(Q) = 1,200 + 15Q + 25Q² + 2Q³, where Q represents the quantity of output.
To find the AVC for producing 10 units of output, we first need to calculate the total variable cost (TVC) at this level. The TVC is obtained by subtracting the fixed cost from the total cost (TC). The fixed cost in this case is the constant term in the cost function, which is $1,200. Thus, the TC can be written as TC(Q) = 1,200 + 15Q + 25Q² + 2Q³.
To find the TVC, we substitute Q = 10 into the TC equation: TC(10) = 1,200 + 15(10) + 25(10)² + 2(10)³ = 1,200 + 150 + 2,500 + 2,000 = $4,850.
Finally, we calculate the AVC by dividing the TVC by the quantity of output: AVC = TVC/Q = $4,850/10 = $485.
Therefore, the average variable cost of producing 10 units of output is $485.
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Sunk costs are:
A)operating and maintenance costs
B)costs at the end of an asset's service life
C)external costs
D)non-recoverable portion of capital costs
E)opportunity costs
Option (d), sunk costs are the non-recoverable portion of capital costs.
On the other hand, Sunk costs refer to the costs that have already been incurred in the past and cannot be recovered. When you make a business decision, sunk costs are not considered because they cannot be changed. These costs are not recoverable as they have already been spent or committed.
In accounting, sunk costs are considered irrelevant in decision-making since these costs cannot be changed. They are usually contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that will be incurred as a result of a particular decision. This is because sunk costs cannot be changed and therefore, they do not have an effect on the future, they are not taken into account while making business decisions.
The non-recoverable portion of capital costs is one of the best examples of sunk costs. These costs are referred to as sunk costs because they have already been committed to and cannot be recovered, regardless of the outcomes of the decision.
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Answer the following:
41. Elena is the owner of a company that manufactures raincoats. Elena currently produces 25 raincoats a day. Elena cannot produce more raincoats per day unless she buys another sewing machine. Elena is efficient _____________________.
a. Economically
b. Deal
c. of the consumer
d. technologically
42. Explicit cost (bought in the market) and implicit cost (owned by the company and the owner)
Juan and Julia contributed $50,000 of their own money to the company
They bought equipment for $3,000
They hired an employee with a salary of $20,000
Juan quit his job where he earned $30,000
Julia quit part of her job where she earned $15,000
· Purchases of materials for the business were $10,000
· At the end of the year the value of the equipment is $28,000
· A business loan of $100,000 pays 6% annual interest
Based on the above data, what value is recognized as economic depreciation?
_____________.
43. An organization that has a large sales force will most likely organize its product with ________________________.
a. Threat of unemployment if quotas are not met
b. a market system
c. an incentive system
d. A command or command system
44. In perfect competition there are ___________________________.
a. Many companies and each one sells an identical product
b. A small number of companies, each selling an identical product
c. Many companies that sell products for which there are no complementary goods
d. Many companies selling similar products with slightly different
45. Owners of ______________ have limited liability.
a. partnerships, estates, and corporations or companies
b. corporations or limited companies
c. properties and companies
d. partnerships and corporations or joint-stock companies
46. Economies of scale exist when the ___________________ of a unit of a good ____________________.
a. Price; increases when its production rate increases
b. Cost; increases when your input rate increases
c. Price; falls when your input rate decreases
d. Cost; decreases when its production rate increases
Elena is the owner of a company that manufactures raincoats. Elena currently produces 25 raincoats a day. Elena cannot produce more raincoats per day unless she buys another sewing machine. Elena is efficient technologically. Elena is technologically efficient if she is not wasteful in her use of resources and if she does not waste time, materials, or other resources while manufacturing raincoats.
Economic depreciation is the decrease in value of an asset over time. In this case, equipment was bought for $3,000 and at the end of the year, the value of the equipment is $28,000. The economic depreciation of the asset will be $3,000 – $28,000 = $25,000.43.
An organization that has a large sales force will most likely organize its product with an incentive system. An incentive system is a motivational technique that allows people to perform certain activities by providing them with incentives. This type of organization is ideal for companies with large sales forces since it rewards employees for performing well.
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Freud believed that all facets of personality arise from conflict between our impulses and the restraints against them. true or false?
Freud believed that all facets of personality arise from conflict between our impulses and the restraints against them. This statement is true.
Sigmund Freud is one of the most influential personalities in the field of psychology.
He was the founder of psychoanalysis.
Freud developed many theories and techniques that helped us to understand the nature of human personality.
He believed that human personality was made up of three main components: the Id, Ego, and Superego.
Freud's theory suggested that all personality traits come from the conflict between our impulses and the restraints against them.
The Id is part of the personality that is associated with primitive drives and instincts.
The ego is the rational part of the personality that helps to balance the impulses and restraints against them.
The superego is the moral part of the personality that helps to maintain social standards and norms.
Freud's theory suggests that conflicts between these components of personality cause anxiety and other psychological problems.
These conflicts can be resolved through psychoanalysis, which involves exploring the unconscious mind and working through unresolved conflicts.
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why should healthcare organizations be concerned about integrating business strategies and hr?
Because it facilitates alignment between the organization's overarching goals and its human resources management, healthcare organizations should be concerned with integrating business strategy and HR.
Healthcare organizations must integrate business strategies with HR for a number of reasons. First of all, when HR practises are in line with the organization's strategic goals, the workforce is given the training, information, and competencies required to accomplish those goals. This alignment promotes a high-performance culture and motivates and engages employees.
Second, to provide top-notch patient care, healthcare organisations primarily rely on their people resources. Organisations may ensure effective personnel acquisition, retention, and development plans that are in line with the organization's strategic objectives by combining business strategy with HR. This includes recruiting and educating healthcare workers who have the necessary skills and values that are consistent with the goal and vision of the organisation.
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How could Finnvold conduct an organizational diagnosis that would lead off his implementa- tion? Be specific about how he could ensure mutual engagement.
Organizational diagnosis is an investigative tool that helps to identify strengths and weaknesses of the business and to design and implement change. Finnvold could conduct an organizational diagnosis by following the steps below:Step 1: Define the problem Finnvold should define the problem that needs to be addressed.
It will help him to identify the objectives of the study and select the right tools and techniques to analyze the data.Step 2: Collect dataFinnvold can use a variety of tools and techniques to collect data about the organization, including surveys, interviews, observation, and document review. The data collected should help to understand the organization's culture, structure, processes, and systems.Step 3: Analyze the dataFinnvold should analyze the data collected and identify the areas that need improvement. The analysis will help to understand the cause and effect relationship between different factors in the organization.
Develop a report Finnvold should develop a report that summarizes the findings of the study and provides recommendations for improvement. The report should be presented in a way that is easy to understand and should highlight the benefits of the proposed changes.Step 5: Implement the changesFinnvold should work with the management team to implement the changes. It is important to ensure that all stakeholders are involved in the process and their feedback is considered. By doing so, mutual engagement can be ensured. In conclusion, Finnvold can conduct an organizational diagnosis by following these steps, and ensure mutual engagement by involving all stakeholders in the process of implementing the changes.
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Read the article (second box) What Companies Get Wrong About Motivating Their People. Briefly discuss your thoughts about the article. Do you agree with the author? Disagree? In what ways?
Do some additional research on this topic and choose another article ( provide the link) that talks about employee engagement, motivation. Summarize that article and discuss other ways in which companies can utilize employee engagement.
After reading the article "What Companies Get Wrong About Motivating Their People", I found myself agreeing with the author's perspective. The article discussed how companies often rely on extrinsic motivators, such as bonuses or promotions, to try and motivate their employees.
However, these methods can often lead to short-term boosts in productivity, but do not create sustainable motivation and engagement. The author argues that intrinsic motivators, such as giving employees autonomy, providing opportunities for personal growth, and creating a sense of purpose, are more effective at motivating employees. I agree with the author's argument, as I have seen firsthand how extrinsic motivators can only provide temporary motivation. In my previous job, my employer would often offer bonuses for hitting certain targets, but I found that after receiving the bonus, my motivation would quickly fade. In contrast, when I was given more autonomy and responsibility in my role, I felt a greater sense of ownership over my work, and was more motivated to perform well. In my research on this topic, I came across an article from Forbes titled "The Top 10 Strategies For Employee Engagement And Motivation".
The article emphasizes the importance of creating a positive work culture, providing opportunities for professional development, and recognizing and rewarding employees for their contributions. Additionally, the article suggests involving employees in decision-making processes and regularly soliciting feedback to create a sense of ownership and engagement. Another way companies can utilize employee engagement is through regular check-ins and performance evaluations. By providing ongoing feedback and setting goals with employees, companies can create a culture of continuous improvement and growth. Additionally, providing opportunities for employees to take on new challenges and responsibilities can help to create a sense of purpose and fulfillment in their work. Overall, I believe that creating a culture of intrinsic motivation and engagement is essential for companies to achieve sustainable success. By prioritizing employee autonomy, growth, and purpose, companies can create a workforce that is highly motivated, productive, and committed to their organization's goals.
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We have just finished studying the history of California from pre-Columbian contact though the 20th century. You have commented in discussions on many parts of this history through questions on various eras. Now what I am asking you do do is post some thoughts on California as a "Golden State." That has been interpreted through various lens in the course, from the desire of the Spaniards to estblish a flourishing colony, to literal 'gold', inrush of Americans settlers for good land and so on. This has been a place of opportunity in many ways. So the definition of "opportunity" is up to you. Be specific in your post about what you mean in using that term. But let us know: is California in 2020 a place of continuing opportunity? Give some deep thought to this concept and explain it in your post, giving examples to illustrate any general statements. Be specific in your usage of vocabulary. Avoid vague and meaningless sentences--in other words, don't "pad" the discussion with needless words. I want to hear your thoughts about a place most of you will probably continue to reside in and work. So at your age, opportunity is a big deal! Be sure to define right off the bat if you believe it is or not; then explain your concept of opportunity giving concrete examples.
California in 2020 continues to be a place of significant opportunity, characterized by its diverse economy, technological advancements, and cultural vibrancy. The state offers various avenues for personal and professional growth, including access to innovation, entrepreneurship, and a thriving arts and entertainment industry.
California, known as the "Golden State," remains a land of continuing opportunity in 2020. One key aspect that defines this opportunity is the state's diverse and robust economy. California houses numerous industries, ranging from technology and entertainment to agriculture and manufacturing. The presence of Silicon Valley, home to some of the world's leading technology companies, provides a fertile ground for innovation, entrepreneurship, and career advancement. The region attracts talented individuals from around the globe, offering opportunities for collaboration and breakthroughs in various fields. Moreover, California's cultural richness contributes to its vibrant opportunities. The state has a flourishing arts and entertainment industry, with Hollywood leading the global film and television market.
This industry not only offers creative outlets for aspiring artists, actors, and filmmakers but also generates substantial employment and economic growth. Additionally, California's commitment to environmental sustainability and renewable energy has paved the way for advancements in clean technologies and green initiatives. This sector presents opportunities for those passionate about environmental stewardship and the development of a more sustainable future. While California faces challenges such as housing affordability and economic inequality, it remains a place where individuals can pursue their dreams, collaborate with talented individuals, and contribute to shaping the future. The state's dynamic nature, diverse industries, and cultural allure make it an attractive destination for those seeking personal and professional growth opportunities.
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31 . The IS curve represents. a. Balance in the Monetary Market.
b. Some points where Y=C+I+G. c. Balance in the labor market d. All
points where there is neither excess supply nor excess demand in
th
The IS curve represents all points where there is neither excess supply nor excess demand in the goods market. (Option D)
The IS (Investment-Saving) curve is a key component of the IS-LM (Investment-Savings and Liquidity Preference-Money Supply) model in macroeconomics. It represents the equilibrium condition in the goods market where total spending (aggregate demand) is equal to total output (aggregate supply).
The IS curve shows the combinations of interest rates and output levels at which the goods market is in equilibrium, meaning that there is neither excess supply nor excess demand for goods and services. It depicts the relationship between interest rates and output, reflecting the interplay between investment, saving, and consumption in the economy.
The equation Y = C + I + G, where Y represents output, C represents consumption, I represents an investment, and G represents government spending, is a fundamental identity in macroeconomics. While this equation relates to the components of aggregate demand, it alone does not capture the equilibrium condition in the goods market. The IS curve, on the other hand, provides a graphical representation of the equilibrium points in the goods market by considering the interaction between planned investment, saving, and aggregate output.
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If an organization’s leaders do not intentionally and proactively work on developing a corporate culture, which of the following will likely occur?
1A culture will develop anyway
2The organization will not have a culture
3The kind of culture the founders envisioned will still develop
4All of the above
5None of the above
The correct answer is 1. A culture will develop anyway.
If an organization's leaders do not intentionally and proactively work on developing a corporate culture, a culture will still emerge within the organization. Culture is an inherent aspect of any organization and is shaped by the collective behaviors, values, and norms of its members. Even in the absence of deliberate efforts to develop a specific culture, the organization will develop a culture based on the interactions and shared experiences of its employees.
While the kind of culture the founders envisioned may not necessarily develop without intentional efforts, the organization will still have a culture that emerges naturally over time. This culture may be influenced by factors such as employee attitudes, leadership styles, and organizational practices.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 1: A culture will develop anyway.
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Swifty Corporation produced 210000 units in 95000 direct labor hours. Production for the period was estimated at 220000 units and 110000 direct labor hours. A flexible budget would compare budgeted costs and actual costs, respectively, at
a. 105000 hours and 110000 hours. b. 95000 hours and 95000 hours. c. 105000 hours and 95000 hours. d. 110000 hours and 95000 hours.
105,000 hours actual and 95,000 hours budgeted.
Flexible budget comparison: actual vs budgeted hours?To determine the appropriate comparison for a flexible budget between budgeted costs and actual costs, we need to consider the given information.
In the question, Swifty Corporation produced 210,000 units in 95,000 direct labor hours. However, the production for the period was estimated at 220,000 units and 110,000 direct labor hours.
A flexible budget compares the budgeted costs with the actual costs. Since the actual direct labor hours used were 110,000 and the estimated direct labor hours for the period were also 110,000, the appropriate comparison for the direct labor hours would be:
c. 105,000 hours and 95,000 hours.
Therefore, the answer is option c. 105,000 hours and 95,000 hours.
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Let the output price of a firm in a perfectly competitive market P = $480 Assume the firm has two plants in close proximity with cost functions: Total costs at plant 1: TC₁(q₁) =q₁ Marginal costs at plant 1: MC₁ (9₁) = 2q₁ Marginal costs at plant 2: MC₂(9₂) = 692 Total costs at plant 2: TC₂ (9₂) = 392 Assuming the firm wants to profit maximize it must meet three conditions: (1) MC₁ (9₁)= MC₂ (9₂), for the last units produced at each plant, the equimarginal principle (2) P = MC₁ (9₁), for the last unit produced at plant 1 (3) P = MC₂ (9₂), for the last unit produced at plant 2 1. Using the equimarginal principle and the marginal cost equations, solve for q₁ to provide an equation for the cost minimizing production relationship across the plants. 2. Use the condition P = MC₁(q₁) to solve for q₁. 3. Use the condition P = MC₂(9₂) to solve for 92.
The equation for the cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants is q₁ = 346.
To find the cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants, we need to equate the marginal costs of the last unit produced at each plant, as per the submarginal principle.
According to the given information, we have: MC₁(q₁) = MC₂(9₂)
Substituting the marginal cost equations, we get:
2q₁ = 692
Solving for q₁, we find:
q₁ = 346
Therefore, the cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants is q₁ = 346.
To find the value of q₁ that satisfies the condition P = MC₁(q₁), we use the given information:
P = $480
MC₁(q₁) = 2q₁
Setting these equal, we have:
480 = 2q₁
Solving for q₁, we find:
q₁ = 240
Therefore, q₁ = 240 satisfies the condition P = MC₁(q₁).
To find the value of 9₂ that satisfies the condition P = MC₂(9₂), we use the given information:
P = $480
MC₂(9₂) = 692
Setting these equal, we have:
480 = 692
This equation does not have a solution, which means there is no value of 9₂ that satisfies the condition P = MC₂(9₂). This implies that plant 2 does not produce any output at the given output price.
The cost-minimizing production relationship across the plants is q₁ = 346. The value of q₁ that satisfies the condition P = MC₁(q₁) is q₁ = 240.
However, there is no value of 9₂ that satisfies the condition P = MC₂(9₂), indicating that plant 2 does not produce any output at the given output price.
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Assessing Revenue Recognition of Companies Identify and explain when each of the following companies should recognize revenue. a. The GAP: The GAP is a retailer of clothing items for all ages. b. Merck & Company: Merck engages in developing, manufacturing, and marketing pharmaceutical products. It sells its drugs to retailers like CVS and Walgreen. c. Deere & Company: Deere manufactures heavy equipment. It sells equipment to a network of independent distributors, who in turn sell the equipment to customers. Deere provides financing and insurance services both to distributors and customers. d. Bank of America: Bank of America is a banking institution. It lends money to individuals and corporations and invests excess funds in marketable securities. e. Johnson Controls: Johnson Controls manufactures products for the government under long-term contracts. Assessing Risk Exposure to Revenue Recognition (L01) Banner AD Corporation manages a Website that sells products on consignment from sellers. It pays these sellers a portion of the sales price, and charges a commission. Identify two potential revenue recognition problems relating to such sales.
Revenue Recognition Assessment for Various Companies. We will also identify potential revenue recognition problems related to consignment sales for Banner AD Corporation.
Introduction:
Revenue recognition plays a crucial role in financial reporting, as it determines when a company should recognize revenue from its operations. In this response, we will assess the revenue recognition policies for several companies across different industries.
The GAP:
The GAP, a clothing retailer, should recognize revenue at the point of sale. When a customer purchases a clothing item, revenue is recognized based on the sale amount. The company must consider any returns, discounts, or allowances in determining the net amount of revenue to be recognized.
Merck & Company:
Merck, a pharmaceutical company, should recognize revenue when it satisfies performance obligations to customers. This typically occurs when the products are delivered to the retailers like CVS and Walgreen. Revenue is recognized based on the net sales amount after deducting any sales discounts, rebates, or returns.
Deere & Company:
Deere, a manufacturer of heavy equipment, should recognize revenue when control of the equipment transfers to the distributors. This is typically at the point of delivery or when the equipment is made available to the distributors. Any financing or insurance services provided by Deere should be separately evaluated for revenue recognition based on the specific terms of the agreements.
Bank of America:
Bank of America, as a banking institution, recognizes revenue from lending activities when interest is earned over the loan period. For investments in marketable securities, revenue recognition depends on the nature of the securities and the applicable accounting standards. Interest, dividends, or capital gains may be recognized as revenue when earned.
Johnson Controls:
Johnson Controls, manufacturing products for the government under long-term contracts, should follow the percentage-of-completion method. Revenue is recognized based on the progress of the contract and the extent of completion. This requires estimating the percentage of work completed and the associated costs incurred.
Assessing Risk Exposure to Revenue Recognition for Banner AD Corporation:
Potential revenue recognition problems related to consignment sales for Banner AD Corporation include:
Timing of Revenue Recognition: Determining the appropriate point at which revenue should be recognized can be challenging in consignment sales. Revenue should be recognized when the consigned product is sold to an end customer, rather than when it is initially received on consignment.
Commission Accounting: Accurately measuring and recording the commission earned by Banner AD Corporation can be complex. The company must carefully track and reconcile sales, payments to sellers, and its own commission charges to ensure proper recognition of revenue and commissions.
Conclusion:
Each company has unique revenue recognition policies based on their industry and business activities. The timing of revenue recognition varies, ranging from point of sale to completion of performance obligations. For Banner AD Corporation, potential revenue recognition problems in consignment sales include timing of revenue recognition and accurate accounting of commissions. Proper adherence to accounting standards and diligent monitoring of revenue recognition ensures accurate and reliable financial reporting.
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Question 4: The Medford Burkett Company uses a responsibility reporting system to measure the performance of its three investment centers: Planes, Taxis, and Limos. Segment performance is measured using a system of responsibility reports and return on investment calculations. The allocation of resources within the company and the segment managers' bonuses are based in part on the results shown in these reports.
Recently, the company was the victim of a computer virus that deleted portions of the company's accounting records. This was discovered when the current period's responsibility reports were being prepared. The printout of the actual operating results appeared as follows.
The Medford Burkett Company uses a responsibility reporting system to measure the performance of its three investment centers: Planes, Taxis, and Limos. Segment performance is measured using a system of responsibility reports and return on investment calculations. The allocation of resources within the company and the segment managers' bonuses are based in part on the results shown in these reports.
The responsibility reporting system is used by the Medford Burkett Company to measure the performance of its investment centers. The allocation of resources within the company and the segment managers' bonuses are based in part on the results shown in these reports. The performance of the company's three investment centers, Planes, Taxis, and Limos, is measured using a system of responsibility reports and return on investment calculations.
The company has recently experienced a computer virus that has deleted portions of the company's accounting records. This was discovered when the current period's responsibility reports were being prepared. The printout of the actual operating results appeared as follows.
The given table summarizes the results shown in the responsibility reports of the Medford Burkett Company, after the deletion of accounting records by the computer virus.
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