To what extent were African-Americans freed by the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments? What forces shaped freed slaves’ lives during Reconstruction and the latter 19th century?

Answers

Answer 1
As we know the 13th amendment states: “ Neither slavery not involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject in their jurisdiction. Therefore, the congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation (12/18/1865).” As we can see the 13th amendment did free African/African Americans from slavery, yet they were limited since radicals such as Andrew Johnson( Lincoln’s successor after assassination) (both from the Republican Party) created the “Black Codes” as a reconstruction policy for the new southern governments that attempted to regulate the lives of former slaves. Under this law, former slaves were able to legalize their marriage, ownership of property and limited access to courts. I say limited since they were denied the right to testify against whites, to serve in militia, serve on juries and more importantly, to vote. Therefore, the death of slavery did not automatically translated to the birth of freedom since “The Black Codes” impede free slaves from having equal rights as their white counterparts. However, not everyone was a radical in the Republican Party, some of the moderates believed that Johnson’s plan was flawed. In June, 1866 another amendment was passed known as the 14th amendment “all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction therefore, are citizens of the United States and of the states wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of like, liberty, or property, without the due process law; nor deny to any person within jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. This means, that if a state abridge the privilege and immunity of citizens or denying them from equal protection of the law. The amendment did not grant blacks the right to vote, but it did provide that if the state denied Blacks from voting, state representation in the congress will be reduced. Therefore, states should not deny any men (keyword here) from voting. This amendment created a commotion in congress since democrats opposed to this and did not vote in favor (interesting how Democratic Party is the complete opposite of what it represented back then.) Although, the 14th amendment passed, only males over 21 were allowed to vote. In 1870 15th amendment was passed. With this, the racial portion was removed from the language, affirming that all men could vote. Yet, voters were asked to pay poll taxes, pass a literacy test, and own property in order to vote. This was known as “the grandfather clause” which it was recognized as unconstitutional in 1915. In addition, “equal vote” was not acquired until August 18, 1920 when the 19th amendment was ratified and allowed women to vote.

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Related Questions

Along which borders did the trench warfare stretch

Answers

Answer:

The trench system on the Western Front in World War I—fixed from the winter of 1914 to the spring of 1918—eventually stretched from the North Sea coast of Belgium southward through France, with a bulge outwards to contain the much-contested Ypres salient.

Explanation:

How did women in American colonies significantly contribute
to upholding the boycott on British goods during the
American Revolution?

Answers

Answer:

How did women in American colonies significantly contribute to upholding the boycott of British goods during the American Revolution? Women spun cloth at home to enable their families to forsake imported British cloth. ... Colonists would have to provide living quarters to British soldiers, even in private homes.

Answer:

Women spun cloth at home to enable their families to forsake imported British cloth.

Explanation:

How did women in American colonies significantly contribute to upholding the boycott on British goods during the American Revolution?

Write three sample research questions about the sinking of USS Maine.

Answers

Answer/Explanation

US settlers purchased land in order to start plantations

- US plantation owners dominated Maine politics

- the US began to import many goods from Maine

Answer:

Why did many Americans believe that Spain was responsible?

Who witnessed the explosion directly?

Where did the explosion take place on the ship?

Explanation:

How the problems of the article led to the creation of the us constitution

Answers

Answer:

The states didn’t act immediately. The central government was designed to be very, very weak. The Articles Congress only had one chamber and each state had one vote. Congress needed 9 of 13 states to pass any laws. The document was practically impossible to amend. The central government couldn’t collect taxes to fund its operations. States were able to conduct their own foreign policies.States had their own money systems. The Confederation government couldn’t help settle Revolutionary War-era debts.Shays’ rebellion – the final straw.

Explanation:

1. The states didn’t act immediately. It took until February 1779 for 12 states to approve the document. Maryland held out until March 1781, after it settled a land argument with Virginia.

2. The central government was designed to be very, very weak. The Articles established “the United States of America” as a perpetual union formed to defend the states as a group, but it provided few central powers beyond that. But it didn’t have an executive official or judicial branch.

3. The Articles Congress only had one chamber and each state had one vote. This reinforced the power of the states to operate independently from the central government, even when that wasn’t in the nation’s best interests.

4. Congress needed 9 of 13 states to pass any laws. Requiring this high supermajority made it very difficult to pass any legislation that would affect all 13 states.

5. The document was practically impossible to amend. The Articles required unanimous consent to any amendment, so all 13 states would need to agree on a change. Given the rivalries between the states, that rule made the Articles impossible to adapt after the war ended with Britain in 1783.

6. The central government couldn’t collect taxes to fund its operations. The Confederation relied on the voluntary efforts of the states to send tax money to the central government. Lacking funds, the central government couldn’t maintain an effective military or back its own paper currency.

7. States were able to conduct their own foreign policies. Technically, that role fell to the central government, but the Confederation government didn’t have the physical ability to enforce that power, since it lacked domestic and international powers and standing.

8. States had their own money systems. There wasn’t a common currency in the Confederation era. The central government and the states each had separate money, which made trade between the states, and other countries, extremely difficult.

9. The Confederation government couldn’t help settle Revolutionary War-era debts. The central government and the states owed huge debts to European countries and investors. Without the power to tax, and with no power to make trade between the states and other countries viable, the United States was in an economic mess by 1787.

10. Shays’ rebellion – the final straw. A tax protest by western Massachusetts farmers in 1786 and 1787 showed the central government couldn’t put down an internal rebellion. It had to rely on a state militia sponsored by private Boston business people. With no money, the central government couldn't act to protect the "perpetual union."

What is the main idea of the cartoon?

Answers

Answer:

The main purpose of a political cartoon is to present commentary on a political figure or issue in an amusing or thought-provoking way.

Explanation:

I hope this helps! :)

8. What was the goal of collectivization? Was it
successful? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer:

suecessful

Explanation:

sorry if im wrong

What’s job specialization?

Answers

Answer:

The process of focusing one's occupational concentration on a specific area of expertise. An increase in job specialization among employees can make them less flexible since it tends to reduce their ability to perform other types of work within the business that fall outside their particular speciality

Explanation:

If this helped you, then please mark me Brainliest.

What ancient civilizations was NOT in the Arabian Peninsula?

Mesopotamian

Egyptian

Persian

Celts

Answers

The answer is Celts.

3. Which topic was the focus of discussion at the Berlin Conference
(1884-1885)?
(1) expanding the role of European powers in Latin America
(2) dividing Africa
(3) granting self-determination to colonies
(4) restricting exploration and scientific research in colonial
territories

Answers

Dividing Africa is  topic was the focus of discussion at the Berlin Conference. Berlin considered him as an important man of the nation.

What is  Berlin Conference?

Berlin conference also famous for the  Congo Conference that regulates the trade and European colonization in Africa at the time of imperialism. The berlin conference also coincided with Germany's unexpected rise to imperial power.

Thus, option B is correct.

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Q1: Write a short paragraph that characterizes
with several detail what like was like in a WWI
trench.

Answers

it was really bad like Trench's foot, the trenches was in bad living

Why did the Spanish intervene in Haiti? A. They wanted to see Haiti freed from slavery. B. They wanted to control all of the island of Hispaniola. C. They were longtime enemies of the French. D. Haiti was once their colony.

Answers

Answer:

done

A.

They wanted to control all of the island of Hispaniola.

Explanation:

The Spanish intervened in Haiti They wanted to control all of the islands of Hispaniola. Thus the correct option is B.

What was Haiti?

Based in the Caribbean, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic border each other on the island of Hispaniola. They consist of the neighboring Sans-Souci Palace ruins and Citadelle la Ferrière, a mountaintop wall.

Political uncertainty characterized Haiti for many years. As said, the 18th-century governance of Haiti is detailed. At the executive level, the President represents the Head of State of Haiti. The public chooses the president, and they are only permitted to elect them for one consecutive term.

Slaves in Saint Domingue revolted against the French colony on the Caribbean island in the Haiti Revolution. The rebellion against slavery, which began in 1791 and ended in 1804, actually occurred.

Therefore, option B is appropriate.

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What can you tell about the time period of the selection based on the
illustrations when previewing a text?

Answers

Answer:What is it? Previewing a text means that you get an idea of what it is about without reading the main body of the text.

When to use it: to help you decide whether a book or journal is useful for your purpose; to get a general sense of the article structure, to help you locate relevant information; to help you to identify the sections of the text you may need to read and the sections you can omit.

To preview, start by reading:

the title and author details

the abstract (if there is one)

then read only the parts that ‘jump out’; that is: main headings and subheadings, chapter summaries, any highlighted text etc.

examine any illustrations, graphs, tables or diagrams and their captions, as these usually summarise the content of large slabs of text

the first sentence in each paragraph

Explanation: if this is wrong i’m sorry

How did the Texas Rangers aide in the settlement of the Republic of Texas?

Answers

Answer:They tracked down criminals,investigated crimes,controled riots.They had helps alot.

Explanation:

Under which conditions was peace in the Comanche territory guaranteed?
a. Only Americans could move through Comanche territory.
b. The Comanche could move through American territory.
C. Pueblos and Americans could move through Comanche territory
d. Pueblos and Mexicans could move through Comanche territory
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Ο Α

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Sorry if I’m wrong

according to thomas e kaiser what are two effects the french revolution had outside of france

Answers

Answer:

The revolution destroyed the class system and brought the equality among the citizen of France. The french revolution gave birth to the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity these spread to others European countries later on.

Explanation:i hope this is right

The two effects the French Revolution had outside France were revolution destroyed the class system and brought the equality among the citizen of France. The French Revolution gave birth to the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity.

What was the French Revolution?

The French Revolution, which began in 1789 and finished in the late 1790s with Napoleon Bonaparte's ascension, was a watershed moment in world history. During this time, French citizens uprooted centuries-old institutions such as the monarchy and the feudal system.

The revolution abolished the class structure and established equality among French citizens. The French Revolution gave rise to the concepts of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which eventually expanded to other European countries.

The French Revolution had a wide-ranging impact. It eliminated the monarchy and established democracy in France. It also prompted other nations to declare war on France. It also contributed to the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Why did the colonists use guerrilla warfare tactics during the Revolutionary War?

Answers

Answer:

American Revolution

American RevolutionGuerrilla tactics were first used in the US at the Battles of Lexington and Concord by the Patriots at April 19, 1775. ... The Forage War raised morale for the Patriots as their guerrilla operations against the British were very effective.

Sharecropping failed in the South because it depended on planting one cash crop. How do you think its dependence on a single cash crop caused the system to finally fail?

Answers

Answer:

Random environmental factors can make the whole harvest to fail

Explanation:

For a certain type of crops to be successful, farmers need the combination of suitable environment, proper care, and enough nutrients.

From those 3 factors, Environment always considered to be uncontorralble. ( such as rain, temperature, or windy season)

If we invested all the resources on one single crop, random events of unfavorable environment can destroy all the source of income.  This practice has a lot of risk compared to diversifying the crops into several types. Even if one type of crops fail, the income from the other types of crops might be enough to cover the loss.

How far did augustas extend the Roman Empire

Answers

Answer:

During his 40-years reign, Augustus nearly doubled the size of the empire, adding territories in Europe and Asia Minor and securing alliances that gave him effective rule from Britain to India.

Which was more influential in fundamentally changing American society the introduction of the radio or the automobile?

Answers

Answer:

The Automobile

Explanation:

The introduction of automobiles in the United States, which started around the 1920s during the economic boom of the nation greatly influenced the society of the Americans in uncertain ways. Some of which are:

1. It allows people to move around faster

2. It gives people good alternatives to choose whether to live in urban or suburban areas in terms of work.

3. It increases the spending habits of many Americans including the cost of purchase mad maintenance.

4. It depicts a sign of living the dream in American society.

5. It shows maturity and financial freedom.

Helppp please and if u can’t see it just zoom in please help

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

What two bodies of water do the Ohio and Erie Canal join?

Answers

Answer:

. It connects Akron with the Cuyahoga River near its outlet on Lake Erie in Cleveland, and a few years later, with the Ohio River near Portsmouth.

Explanation:

What does K.K.K mean?

Answers

K.K.K means Ku Klux Klan

Answer:

Ku Klux Klan

Explanation:

From 1869 to 1871 the goal was to destroy Reconstruction by murduring blacks - and some. The Ku Klux Klan was formed as a social club by a group of white supremacist.

What were the causes of the rivalry between the great powers of Europe

Answers

Answer:

religion is one right???

Explanation:

describe the aztec government

Answers

Answer:

The Aztec government had a relatively loose central administration which wielded only reasonable control over the rest of the empire. The central administration was in the capital city of the Aztec Empire, Tenochtitlan. It was here that the emperor resided who was the primary ruler of the Aztec government

Explanation:

Which religious order was particularly identified with the inquisition

Answers

Answer: Rome renewed its own Inquisition in 1542 when Pope Paul III created the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition to combat Protestant heresy.

Explanation:

how did these amendments change American democracy?

Answers

Answer:  

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former enslaved people—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” One of three amendments passed during the Reconstruction era to abolish slavery

12. Which of the following statements about the impact of Shays's Rebellion is true?
A. Citizens of other states were generally indifferent to it.
B. The central government cffectively aided Massachusetts in quelling the rebellion.
C. Many leaders, such as Washington, concluded that the central government must be strengthened.
D. Most of the rebels were unemployed shipyard workers, frustrated by the depression of the 1780s.

Answers

Answer:

Option: C. Many leaders, such as Washington, concluded that the central government must be strengthened.

Explanation:

The Shays's Rebellion was a conflict, which began in Massachusetts in reply to debt pressure amongst the citizens. It also opposed the state government's increased attempting to collect taxes from people and businesses. Many Americans criticize the Articles of Confederation and the central government because it was unable to control the situation and weak. Leaders like Washington believed that the Central government to strengthened.

Studying the ancient Greeks can be important to Americans today because
A. the Greeks were the first civilization in America.
B. we have city-states that are based on the Greek system.
C. their government was very different from ours.
D. some parts of our society were started by the Greeks.

Answers

C because they were very different
C. Their government was very different from ours.

THIS IS DUE AT 11:59!! HURRY!!

Give 5 facts/details about Thomas Jefferson during the battle for Independence.

Answers

Explanation:

He was a (proto) archaeologist. Mastodon Mandible. ...

He was an architect. Detail of Jefferson's Floor Plan for Monticello. ...

He was a wine aficionado. Monticello's Wine Cellar. ...

He was a founding foodie. ...

He was obsessed with books.

which country sent help to the continental army in 1777?

a. Britain
b.prussia
c.mexico
d.japan​

Answers

Answer: Britain

Explanation:

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