The correct answer is option D: Nucleotide polymerization occurs only in the 5'-to-3' direction in transcription, similar to DNA replication.
This is due to the fact that transcription and DNA replication are both nucleotide polymerization processes in which nucleotides are joined together in a chain.
Both procedures include the addition of nucleotides to the chain in the same way, starting at the 5' end and finishing at the 3' end. This is thus because only strand synthesis in the 5'-to-3' direction is catalysed by DNA and RNA polymerases.
The two strands of the DNA helix must be unwound in order for transcription or replication to take place. This exposes the template strand for the transcription or replication machinery to use.
While transcription creates an RNA molecule that is complementary to the template strand of the DNA, DNA replication creates two identical DNA molecules.
Complete Question:
Transcription is similar to DNA replication in that.
A. an RNA transcript is synthesized discontinuously and the pieces are then joined together
B. it uses the exact enzyme as that used to synthesize RNA primers during DNA replication
C. the newly synthesized RNA remains paired to the template DNA
D. nucleotide polymerization occurs only in the 5'-to-3' direction
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11. URINE FORMATION:
Complete the table from the bar graphs with the components of urine and then answer the questions:
URINE
SWEAT
water
Mineral salts
Inorganic substances
a. Which of the 2 substances contains more water?
_______________
b. Which contains more mineral salts? __________
c. Which contains more inorganic substances? _______________
d. Do urine and sweat have the same function? ____
Explain the function of each of them:
12. The main mechanisms for regulating urinary elimination are those derived from the effects of hormones: ANTI-DIURETICS (ADH) and ALDOSTERONE.
1) Urine and sweat contain the same a amount of water
2) Sweat contains more mineral salts
3) Sweat contains more inorganic substances
4) The function of sweat is to cool the body and while the function of the urine is the removal of nitrogenous waste from the kidney
What is the water content of urine and sweat?
The water content of urine is typically between 95-99% water, with the remaining 1-5% consisting of various waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and electrolytes. The water content of urine can vary depending on an individual's hydration status, with more concentrated urine being produced when the body is dehydrated, and more dilute urine being produced when the body is well hydrated.
The water content of sweat is also typically between 95-99% water, with the remaining 1-5% consisting of various electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. The amount of sweat produced by the body can vary greatly depending on physical activity, temperature, and hydration status, with more sweat being produced when the body is overheated or dehydrated.
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do you think a national health care plan should be established to provide coverage for all individuals? why or why not?
Answer:
no
Explanation:
Why bother with health insurance? Health insurance provides financial protection in case you have a serious accident or illness. For example, a broken leg can cost up to $7,500. Health coverage can help protect you from high, unexpected costs.
Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes – this makes it an excellent scaffolding tissue upon which to build bone. True or False?
Is it true because cartilage is a type of connective tissue that has a flexible matrix composed of collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and water.
This flexible matrix allows cartilage to withstand mechanical stress and provides a supportive and cushioning function in joints, the nose, the ears, and other parts of the body. Unlike most other connective tissues, cartilage is avascular and does not have direct blood supply. Therefore, it has a limited capacity for self-repair and regeneration.
However, chondrocytes, the only cell type found in cartilage, can undergo mitosis and produce new cartilage matrix. This makes cartilage an excellent tissue for use as a scaffold for bone formation, as it can be replaced by bone through the process of endochondral ossification.
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when a hair cell stereocilia bend away from the kinocilium,?
Increased afferent activity is produced when the stereocilia are bent in the direction of the kinocilium, which depolarizes the cell.
The cell becomes hyperpolarized and exhibits a reduction in afferent activity when the stereocilia are bent away from the kinocilium. To detect head motions, the semicircular ducts operate in pairs (angular acceleration). When the stereocilia bend in the direction of the kinocilium, the hair cell becomes depolarized and fires more frequently. When they bend in the opposite direction, the hair cell becomes hyperpolarized and fires less frequently. The tectorial membrane, a jelly-like layer that covers the organs of Corti & in which many OHC stereocilia are embedded, slides relative to the basilar membrane as the basilar membrane moves up and down, causing the latter to bend.
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Fluid mosaic model of membrane structureWhich of the following is true of the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure?A)Membranes behave more like a solid than a liquid.B)Lipids can flip from one leaflet to another as easily as they can move laterally in a membrane.C)Proteins can easily move across membranes.D)Proteins can easily move laterally through membranes.
The answer choice that best fits the question is D) Protein can travel lateraly through membranes with ease.
What does a membrane look like?Mullerian Membranes The body openings that access to the outside are lined with these membranes, also known as mucosae. Mucous membranes line the inside of the digestive tract. Additional examples are the respiratory, reproductive, and excretory systems.
What is a membrane, exactly?All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the cell interior from the external environment. The cell is a membrane that surrounds which is optically transparent. The cell membrane regulates the flow of substances from and to the cell.
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What part of the brain that regulates body temperature?
Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus assists in maintaining the harmony of the body's internal processes. It regulates: Weight and appetite. Body temperature.
The hypothalamus assists in maintaining the harmony of the body's internal processes. It assists in regulating:
appetite and weightThe body's ambient temperatureEmotions, behaviour, and memory after childbirthGrowthproduction of breast milkequilibrium between salt and waterDriven by sexThe body clock and the cycle of sleep and wakefulnessControlling the pituitary gland is one of the hypothalamus' other key jobs. At the base of the brain is a little gland called the pituitary. It is located right below the hypothalamus.
The pituitary, in turn, regulates the:
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lipids are broken down by lipase enzymes. in which organ, or accessory organ, of the digestive tract, would lipase be initially provided?
There are other lipase enzymes present in the digestive tract, pancreatic lipase is the primary lipase enzyme responsible for lipid digestion and is initially provided by the pancreas.
Lipase enzymes are responsible for breaking down lipids into their component parts, which are fatty acids and glycerol. The first step in lipid digestion typically takes place in the small intestine, where lipids are emulsified by bile acids that are produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. The emulsification process breaks the lipids down into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area and making them more accessible to lipase enzymes.
Lipase enzymes are produced primarily by the pancreas, which secretes them into the small intestine in response to the presence of lipids. The pancreas releases pancreatic lipase, which is the primary lipase enzyme responsible for digesting lipids. Other lipase enzymes, such as lingual lipase and gastric lipase, are produced by the salivary glands and stomach, respectively. However, these enzymes play a minor role in lipid digestion compared to pancreatic lipase.
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Saturated fats have all of the following characteristicsexcept:a. they are solid at room temperatureb. they have single bonds within the carbon chainc. they are usually obtained from animal sourcesd. they tend to dissolve in water easily
d. They frequently dissolve quickly in water. Except for this , all of the following traits apply to saturated fats.
Saturated fats are characterized by having single bonds within the carbon chain, which makes them relatively stable and solid at room temperature. They are typically obtained from animal sources, such as meat and dairy products, although some plant-based sources, such as coconut oil and palm oil, are also high in saturated fats. Saturated fats are known for their tendency to raise levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the bloodstream, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This is why experts generally recommend limiting the consumption of saturated fats in the diet and replacing them with unsaturated fats, which can have a more positive effect on blood lipid levels.
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why do female and male geladas have red patches on their chests instead of on their rear-ends? how are researchers trying to discover what females are choosing in male geladas? what are they measuring? male sage grouse display on a lek and display in order to attract females. how are biologists studying male sage grouse vocal displays? what did they discover? researchers think male barn swallows might get more mating opportunities if they have dark red feathers. how are researchers testing this hypothesis? what were the results of the study: were darker red males having more babies? what were the changes in their body chemistry?
Red spots on the chests of male and female geladas are indicative of their reproductive potential in males and their capacity for childrearing in females, respectively, thus the correct option is A.
The majority of primates have their sexual organs close to their rear ends, but because the geladas spend so much time on their backends and have so long hair, no one could possibly see their sexual organs! Instead, these have moved to the front and are now perched higher on their chests. The geladas sit down all day and wouldn't be able to display their red patches otherwise, so they have them on their chests rather than their rear ends. While the male geladas' red patches represent his genetic make-up and how wonderful of a mate he could be for the women and kids, the female geladas' red patches reveal their fertility status.
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The complete question is:
Why do female and male geladas have red patches on their chests instead of on their rear-ends?
A. Chest color (specifically, redness) is a sexually selected signal in male geladas.
B. Age in the model, status remained a better predictor of color.
C. Relationship between chest color and status is that color reflects the quality of a male, either genetic quality or current condition
D. Gelada bachelor males may avoid leader males with relatively red chest patches, for a given number of females
vitiligo is a condition characterized by death or dysfunction of scattered groups of melanocytes in the skin. how might vitiligo cause the skin to appear?
Answer:
Scattered groups of melanocytes in the skin causes the skin to appear darker in groups with more functioning melanocytes and the skin to appear lighter in groups with less/no functioning melanocytes.
Explanation:
Melanocytes produce melanin, which is a dark pigment. Thus, if the skin has fewer melanocytes, less melanin is created in that area, so a smaller amount of dark pigment is present, resulting in a lighter color. Likewise, if the skin has more melanocytes, more melanin is produced in that area, so a larger amount of dark pigment is present, resulting in a darker color.
What is it called when a gene is only found on the X chromosome?
Genetic problems connected to mutations in X chromosome genes are referred to as X-linked recessive inheritance. Due to the fact that he possesses just one X chromosome, a male with this mutation will be impacted.
If a gene is found solely on the X chromosome, what happens?X-linked diseases are illnesses resulting from gene mutations on the X chromosome. Because they only have one X chromosome, males do not have XCI. Therefore, if a disease-causing gene exists on the X chromosome of males, it will be active and more likely to result in disease.
What is the name for genes that are only found on the X chromosome?It is known that genes on the X chromosome are X-linked. Because they are present in varying numbers in males (XX) and females (XX), X-linked genes have differential inheritance patterns (XY).
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What is equal and opposite, according to Newton's third law? O action O reaction O change in velocity Ochange in acceleration.
According to Newton's third law of motion, there is equal and opposite reaction for every action.
What is Newton's third law motion?According to Newton's third law of motion, "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." This means that in any interaction between two objects, the force exerted by one object on the other is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the second object on the first.
This principle helps to explain the behavior of objects under different types of physical interactions, such as collisions and interactions between objects and the environment.
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The ________ is the cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
The organelle in which photosynthesis occurs is called the chloroplast.
Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells and some other eukaryotic organisms, such as algae.
The primary function of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis, a process by which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of organic molecules, such as glucose. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy that can be used to drive photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are unique organelles in that they have their own DNA and ribosomes, which allows them to carry out some of their own protein synthesis. This is thought to be a result of the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that chloroplasts evolved from free-living photosynthetic bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells and eventually evolved into a symbiotic relationship with their host cell.
In summary, the chloroplast is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs, and it is a crucial component of plant and algal cells.
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summarize the difference you observed between the model of the white eyed fly's dna sequence and the model of the red eyed fly's dna sequence.
The main difference observed between the DNA sequence models of white-eyed and red-eyed flies is a mutation in the gene responsible for eye color.
What is white eyed flies?
White-eyed flies are flies with white eyes, typically the result of a mutation. These flies are often used in research studies to learn more about genetics, behavior, and development. White-eyed flies are also used in genetic engineering and transgenic studies.
The main difference between the model of the white eyed fly's DNA sequence and the model of the red eyed fly's DNA sequence is that the white eyed fly's DNA sequence contained a mutation in a gene called White, which is responsible for the white eye color trait. The red eyed fly's DNA sequence did not have this mutation, resulting in the fly having red eyes. The mutation responsible for the white-eyed phenotype was caused by a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence, which resulted in a non-functional protein that could not produce the red pigments necessary for the coloration of the eyes.
Therefore, the difference is due to mutation in the gene responsible for eye color.
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Predict what would happen if chemical energy were burned. Energy is converted to mechanical energy. The amount of chemical energy starts to decrease. Energy is destroyed. Sound energy can be created through an explosion.
When chemical energy is burned, it undergoes a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat and light, which is then converted into mechanical energy through the expansion of gases.
What is chemical energy?Chemical energy is described as the energy of chemical substances that is released when they undergo a chemical reaction and transform into other substances.
The conversion of the chemical energy brings about a decrease in the amount of chemical energy stored in the fuel.
In scenarios such as explosion, the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy will result in the creation of sound energy.
In conclusion, energy cannot be destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
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how many homunculi are present in the primary somatosensory cortex?
There are two homunculi present in the primary somatosensory cortex.
One homunculus represents the left side of the body and is located on the right side of the cortex, while the other homunculus represents the right side of the body and is located on the left side of the cortex.
These homunculi are content loaded how the brain processes sensory information from different parts of the body. Each homunculus is a distorted representation of the body, with larger areas of the cortex devoted to more sensitive parts of the body, such as the hands and face.
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why do we only see neanderthal input in non-african genomes?
In Africa, Homo sapiens did not interbreed with Neanderthals. Neanderthal genomes can only transmit Y chromosomal DNA.
In comparison to modern people, neanderthals were physically stronger and had proportionately shorter limbs. However, they might have also been carrying adaptations for the warmer wooded habitat that Neanderthals frequently inhabited. These characteristics are typically interpreted by researchers as adaptations to heat up in cold environments. However, they evolved specialised body fat storage and an extended nose to warm air as cold weather adaptations (although the nose could have been caused by genetic drift).
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what proportion of the f2 offspring would you expect to show the dominant phenotype at any 4 of the 7 traits (and the recessive phenotype at the others)? g
The dominant trait appears three times as frequently as the recessive trait in the F2 generation, which always produces a 3:1 ratio.
The F2 genotype is what?Because two heterozygous parents were crossbred, the F2 generation is more varied. The genotype distribution of the F2 generation is as follows: 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive, and 25% homozygous dominant.
What does it mean to be a human F2 generation?Second filial generation, or F2 generation, is the term used to describe a group of people who were conceived as a result of interbreeding and intermarriage among family members. The children of a genetically distinct pair of persons are referred to as the first filial generation.
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the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of:______.
The alpha helix and beta pleated sheet are examples of protein secondary structures. Proteins are large and complex biomolecules made up of chains of amino acids.
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary are the four levels of structure that make up protein conformation. The secondary structure of a protein refers to the little, repeated patterns that exist inside the polypeptide chain, whereas the main structure refers to the sequence of amino acids.
The polypeptide chain folds into a spiral staircase-like pattern, creating a secondary structure known as the alpha helix. The hydrogen bonds that form between the peptide bonds of the polypeptide chain and the alpha helix stabilize the structure and keep it in place. Proteins' functional domains frequently contain alpha helices, which are crucial to the protein's general stability and functionality.
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which of the following is a function of telomerase? to protect dna polymerase. to help make okazaki fragments. to proofread during dna replication. to prevent cancer. to overcome telomere shortening.
It stops the shortening of telomeres. Telomerase is crucial for maintaining telomere length since decreased telomerase activity results in shorter telomeres and ageing cells.
The ribonucleo-protein telomerase, also known as terminal transferase, extends the 3' end of telomeres by introducing a species dependent on the telomere repeat sequence. Most eukaryotes which have telomeres, which are segments of repeating sequences, at each end of their to the chromosomes. Telomeres shield that the chromosomal end from DNA-deterioration or fusion with nearby chromosomes. Also, because it lacks the telomerase, the fruit fly which is Drosophila melanogaster depends on retrotransposons to preserve the telomeres.
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clarissa also had a problem with salmonella, but she had no problem with pneumococcal infection or with any viruses, such as chickenpox. how would you explain this?
Clarissa also had a problem with salmonella, but she had no problem with pneumococcal infection or with any viruses, such as chickenpox. bc interferon-gamma has a role in defense against intracellular pathogens it does not serve a protective role pneumonia so being deficient isn't an issue.
Pneumococcal [noo-muh-KOK-uhl] disease refers to any infection produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus. Infections caused by pneumococcal bacteria can vary from ear and sinus infections to pneumonia and bloodstream infections. Pneumococcal illness can be prevented using vaccinations.
A pneumococcal infection is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as the pneumococcus. S. pneumoniae is a common bacterial flora member found in 5-10% of healthy people and 20-40% of healthy children's noses and throats. It is, nonetheless, a significant source of disease, being a main cause of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and sepsis. According to the World Health Organization, pneumococcal infections killed 1.6 million children globally in 2005.
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If the temperature is 40°F and the wind is blowing at 10 mph, what is the WET?
The WET when the temperature is 40°F and the wind is blowing at 10 mph is approximately 71.76°F.
What is the WET?The Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature (WET) is a measure of how the temperature feels to the human body when the effects of wind are taken into account.
The formula to calculate the WET takes into account both temperature and wind speed, and the result gives an estimate of the lowest temperature that a person would feel if exposed to those conditions.
WET = 35.74 + 0.6215 * T - 35.75 * V^0.16 + 0.4275 * T * V^0.16
where
T is the temperature in Fahrenheit and
V is the wind speed in miles per hour.
Plugging in the values from your question, we have:
WET = 35.74 + 0.6215 * 40 - 35.75 * 10^0.16 + 0.4275 * 40 * 10^0.16
WET = 35.74 + 24.86 - 7.72 + 17.88
WET = 71.76
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What are the arrangements for the coccus shape?
The coccus has a single cell and is spherical or rounded in form. Protozoa, certain algae, and bacteria all exhibit this layout.
A coccus's cell wall might be thin and flexible or thick and solid. A coccus's cell composition can be categorised as diplo, strepto, or tetrad. Tetrad refers to four cocci cells arranged in a square, whereas diplo and strepto refer to two cocci cells linked together.
Coccus cells can also be grouped in a bunch, like a grape cluster, or in a cluster, like palisades. The kind and species of bacteria or protozoan determine how the cells are arranged.
For instance, the staphylococcus bacteria are grouped in clusters, but the diplococcus bacteria are arranged in pairs. The function of the coccus cells can also be affected by their configuration. By way of example, diplococci frequently produce toxins, whereas staphylococci typically produce enzymes.
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the cytolysis of red blood cells is specifically called:______.
The cytolysis of red blood cells is specifically referred to as hemolysis. Your body continuously replaces old or damaged red blood cells with new ones by destroying the old ones.
Red blood cells or erythrocytes are destroyed by hemolysis. Your blood's red blood cells are a vital component. They transfer oxygen from the lungs to the tissues all over your body. This oxygen is used by your body to provide the energy required to carry out necessary tasks. In order to breathe it out, carbon dioxide is also transported back to your lungs by red blood cells from your tissues. You have an adequate number of red blood cells thanks to this ongoing cycle of cell production and death. Red blood cells can occasionally be lost too fast for your body to replenish them.
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in a cross between aabbcc and aabbcc, what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be a bbcc? (a means aa or aa.)
The probability of an offspring having the genotype bbcc is 1/4, since the individual must inherit a b allele proportion from one parent and a c allele from the other parent, which each have a 1/2 chance of occurring.
In a cross between aabbcc and aabbcc, all offspring will inherit one allele from each parent for each gene. The probability of an offspring having the genotype aabbcc is 1/4 (or 25%) because each parent has a 1/2 chance of passing on the "aa" genotype, a 1/2 chance of passing on proportion the "bb" genotype, and a 1/2 chance of passing on the "cc" genotype. Similarly, the probability of an offspring having the genotype "bbcc" is also 1/4 or 25%, because each parent has a 1/2 chance of passing on the "bb" genotype and a 1/2 chance of passing on the "cc" genotype. Therefore, the proportion of offspring expected to be "bbcc" is 1/4 or 25%. It is important to note that this is a probability, and that the actual number of offspring with this genotype may vary due to chance.
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3. If fluorine has a half-life of 8 days, how much of a 4g sample remains after 16 days?
1
2
0
3
What's good my brother,
The amount of fluorine remaining after 16 days can be calculated by using the formula:
N = N0 * (1/2)^(t/T)
where N is the amount remaining, N0 is the initial amount, t is the time elapsed (16 days), T is the half-life (8 days), and the exponent (t/T) represents the number of half-lives that have occurred.
Plugging in the values, we have:
N = 4 g * (1/2)^(16/8)
N = 4 g * (1/2)^2
N = 4 g * 1/4
N = 1 g
So, after 16 days, 1 gram of the 4-gram sample of fluorine remains.
Thanks bro and give 5 stars.
A scientist is examining a single-celled organism that is often found in the human body, some examples of this organism are helpful, and some are harmful to humans.
What kingdom does this organism belong to?
olds and milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the
To determine which region of the brain are responsible for rewards, Olds and Milner conducted experiments on rats. The reward area organizes interest in pleasurable stimuli, according to findings, is the hypothalamus.
What signs or symptoms point to a hypothalamic issue?Constipation, weariness, feeling always chilly, and weight gain are a few examples of symptoms. Low adrenal function symptoms might be present if the endocrine medulla become impacted. Fatigue, depression, poor appetite, fat loss, and a lack of enthusiasm in activities are only a few symptoms.
What occurs if the hypothalamus is hurt?But when the hypothalamus is injured, it is no longer precisely regulate your body temperature. As a result, you can get frequent hot or too cold flashes. Additional brain damage can result from a persistent rise in core body temperature.
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What type of cell function does microvilli indicate?
Microvilli works on the epithelial cells surface as lining the intestine helps in increasing the cell's surface area and thus helps in the absorption of ingested food and water molecules.
Microvilli was generally believed as a structure of passive scaffolds which increases the surface area of the gut wall. In the portion of apical plasma membrane it tightly wraps around bundle of actin, by creating more space for nutrient processing and absorption.
When viewed from microscopic microvilli successfully increase the surface area of the cell helps in absorption and secretion functions. In the intestine, their primary function is conjunction with villi and increasing surface area .
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1. What impact has the invasive species had on the native ecosystem? If there has not been an impact seen yet, what do you think could be a potential impact?
A variety of variables will affect how a non-native or invasive species affects an ecosystem.
Impact on ecosystem It's possible that the imported species won't survive in some cases. At the local level, it is likely that a species will become extinct relatively fast if it cannot adapt to a new ecological niche or if there is no ecological niche for it to occupy in the first place.However, a species' chances of success increase if it is a generalist, or one that can survive in a variety of habitats and eat a wide variety of foods. If the ecosystem has reached its steady state, an indigenous species will need to be replaced by the invasive one. Two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche at the same time, hence only one will survive.For more information on invasive species kindly visit to
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