The majority of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages measure stage and are made up of a building that houses the equipment needed to measure, store, and transmit stream-stage data.
There are numerous ways to measure stage, often known as gage height. One such method involves placing a stilling well along a riverbank or on a bridge pier. Through underground pipelines, water from the river enters and exits the stilling well, allowing the water surface in the stilling well to be level with the water surface in the river. A float, pressure, optical, or acoustic sensor may be used to measure the stage inside the stilling well. An electronic data recorder automatically stores the observed stage value on a regular basis, typically every 15 minutes.
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