Downsizing is the process of reducing the number of employees in an organization to cut costs or improve efficiency. However, it has certain effects on the organizational structure and employees that can be both positive and negative. The following are the effects of downsizing on organizational structures and employees:
Effects of downsizing on organizational structures:
1. Reduction in bureaucracy: The downsizing of an organization will lead to the removal of unnecessary bureaucratic layers, which may result in more efficient decision-making and the speeding up of work processes.
2. Improved communication: Downsizing might result in an increase in communication among employees, which is because with fewer employees, communication channels are less cluttered and there is more chance to communicate with employees.
3. Loss of expertise: Downsizing can result in the loss of experienced workers, which can impact the organization's productivity. There is a higher possibility of losing experienced employees who are competent and skilled in specific areas. The organization may also lose its reputation if these employees decide to work with competitors.
Effects of downsizing on employees:
1. Job insecurity: Employees who are not laid off may experience job insecurity. The fear of being laid off might create anxiety and stress, leading to lower morale and motivation among the employees.
2. Increased workload: Due to downsizing, employees who remain may face an increased workload as they are required to complete the tasks previously assigned to laid-off workers.
3. Reduced employee morale: Employees who survive layoffs may feel guilty, demoralized, and betrayed, which can lead to a reduction in employee morale and overall productivity. For example, when Coca Cola downsized, many employees who remained in the company experienced job insecurity and increased workload which caused a decrease in morale and productivity.
The three elements of an organization's structure are:
1. Centralization and Decentralization: Centralization refers to the degree to which decision-making is concentrated in a few key individuals, while decentralization refers to the extent to which decision-making is delegated to lower-level employees. An organization's structure determines how centralized or decentralized it is. For example, in a highly centralized organization, decision-making is done by the top management while in a decentralized organization, decision-making is done by the employees.
2. Departmentalization: Departmentalization is the process of dividing an organization into smaller departments based on common functions, products, geography, or customers. For instance, a company's sales department may be divided into further departments based on products or geography.
3. Span of Control: This refers to the number of employees that a manager is responsible for. A narrow span of control would mean that a manager is responsible for few employees while a wide span of control would mean that the manager is responsible for more employees. For example, a restaurant may have a wide span of control, with a single manager being responsible for several employees in different departments like kitchen, serving, and bar.
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why do you think that it is important to study
money,banking and financial market
It is important to study money, banking, and financial markets because they are the backbone of modern economies. Money is the medium of exchange used in transactions and is essential for economic growth. Banking is an important institution that provides various financial services, such as deposits, loans, and credit, which contribute to economic growth.
Studying money, banking, and financial markets also helps individuals to manage their personal finances better. By understanding the basics of financial markets and how they operate, individuals can make informed investment decisions and grow their wealth. Additionally, understanding the banking system can help individuals better manage their finances and avoid costly mistakes, such as taking on too much debt or using credit unwisely.
In conclusion, studying money, banking, and financial markets is important because they are essential for economic growth and play a crucial role in personal finance. Understanding these concepts is also necessary for policymakers and regulators to maintain stable financial systems. Therefore, students who wish to pursue careers in finance, economics, or business should consider studying money, banking, and financial markets in more than 100 words.
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Which of the following may change and cause deprecation for current and future periods to be recalculated?
A. cost of asset and/or residual value B. only the useful life C. only the residual value D. useful life and/or residual value
Useful life and/or residual value may change and cause deprecation for current and future periods to be recalculated. A fixed asset's value decreases over time due to factors like wear and tear, obsolescence, and loss of value.
As a result, businesses are required to account for this loss of value by using depreciation. Depreciation is the process of distributing the asset's cost over its useful life, reducing its value on the balance sheet.
In addition, the value of an asset's useful life and residual value may alter over time, necessitating recalculation of depreciation for both current and future periods.
Depreciation is recalculated when there is a change in an asset's useful life and residual value. So, both useful life and/or residual value may change and cause deprecation for current and future periods to be recalculated. When a company has a fixed asset, it should prepare for depreciation, which will reduce the asset's value over time.
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product planners need to consider products and services on three levels. at the second level, product planners must ________.
At the second level, product planners must focus on product attributes and features to meet customer needs and differentiate from competitors. These factors shape customer perceptions and influence purchasing decisions, making them crucial for success in the market.
Product planners must focus on product attributes and features at the second level. This involves determining the specific characteristics and qualities of the product or service that will meet customer needs and differentiate it from competitors.
At the second level, product planners need to delve into the details of the product or service and identify the attributes and features that will resonate with the target market. These attributes can range from functional aspects such as performance, quality, and reliability to more intangible elements like design, packaging, and branding. By carefully considering these factors, product planners can create a compelling value proposition that appeals to customers and sets the product apart from competitors.
Product attributes play a crucial role in shaping customer perceptions and influencing purchasing decisions. For example, in the smartphone industry, product planners consider attributes such as camera quality, battery life, and user interface to attract tech-savvy consumers. In the automobile industry, factors like safety features, fuel efficiency, and interior comfort become critical attributes that product planners must carefully address. By understanding customer preferences and market trends, product planners can identify the attributes that will drive customer satisfaction and loyalty.
In summary, at the second level, product planners must assess and define the specific attributes and features of the product or service that will create value for customers and differentiate it from competitors. These attributes serve as key decision-making criteria for consumers and contribute to the overall success of the product in the market.
Keywords: product attributes, features, differentiation, value proposition, customer satisfaction, branding, market trends.
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Why is ethics critical to successful strategic planning in the
21st century?
In the 21st century, ethics is critical to successful strategic planning. Below are some of the reasons why ethics is critical to successful strategic planning: Ethics sets the tone for decision making: Ethical values and principles establish the tone and context for decision-making in strategic planning.
They also assist leaders in maintaining their principles and ensuring that their behaviour aligns with their organization's objectives. Ethical considerations should be a part of strategic planning discussions, as they can help establish a shared vision and guide decision-making.Corporate social responsibility is enhanced: Corporate social responsibility is a significant aspect of successful strategic planning in the 21st century. The focus on sustainability, responsibility, and environmental protection is one example. These responsibilities are critical to the long-term success of businesses in the 21st century, which rely on the support of their stakeholders, such as employees, consumers, and investors. Ethics helps businesses to balance their social responsibilities with their corporate objectives.Business risk is reduced: Ethical considerations can be a critical factor in assessing risk in strategic planning. Leaders who value ethical considerations when making decisions are more likely to be proactive in addressing the risks that they identify. Ethical considerations are also useful in crisis management and can assist companies in navigating through difficult times.Stronger organizational culture is developed: Organizations that place a strong emphasis on ethics have a better chance of developing a positive culture, which is critical to success in the 21st century. A strong ethical culture can enhance employee engagement, reduce turnover, and boost productivity.
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Why is control thought of as a "causal" variable in organizations?
Group of answer choices
The results of control efforts can improve planning.
Poorly administered controls can cause additional problems.
The analysis of control efforts help managers adapt to changes.
Control precedes the managerial functions of planning, organizing, and leading.
In an organization, control is regarded as a "causal" variable because it precedes the managerial activities of planning, organizing, and leading.
The process of making sure that company operations are carried out according to plan is known as control.
This involves defining criteria for efficiency, identifying areas where results aren't satisfactory, and taking remedial action to correct discrepancies.
Control's causal roleIn organizations, control is considered a "causal" variable because it precedes the managerial functions of planning, organizing, and leading.
Management personnel establish control processes in order to establish standards, assess actual performance, and take corrective actions.
Furthermore, control aids in the integration of organizational systems and the maintenance of equilibrium.
Overall, management employs control systems to monitor and adjust organizational processes, policies, and practices to ensure that the company's objectives are met.
This is why control is a "causal" variable in an organization.
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making sure employees get a sense of accomplishment from working at the company
Managerial actions that can foster employee engagement include
There are several managerial actions that can foster employee engagement and ensure employees get a sense of accomplishment from working at a company.
Provide clear expectations.Recognize and reward employees.Encourage open communication.Provide opportunities for growth and development.Offer work-life balance.Here are some several managerial actions:
1. Provide clear expectations:
To help employees know what is expected of them, provide them with clear and specific expectations. Clear expectations can help employees stay focused and feel more productive. Managers can do this by setting goals and objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
2. Recognize and reward employees:
Managers can recognize and reward employees for their hard work and achievements. This can help employees feel valued and appreciated, which can lead to increased motivation and engagement.
3. Encourage open communication:
Managers should encourage open communication between themselves and employees. This can be achieved through regular one-on-one meetings, team meetings, or surveys. It can help employees feel heard and supported, which can lead to increased engagement.
4. Provide opportunities for growth and development:
Managers can provide opportunities for employees to grow and develop in their roles. This can be achieved through training, job shadowing, or mentoring. This can help employees feel that their work is meaningful and that they are growing professionally.
5. Offer work-life balance:
Managers can help employees achieve work-life balance by offering flexible schedules, remote work options, or time off. This can help employees feel more satisfied with their jobs and can lead to increased engagement.
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Fanning Company reported the following operating results for two consecutive years: Required Compute each income statement component for each of the two years as a percent of sales. Note: Percentages may not add exactly due to rounding. Round your answers to 1 decimal place. (i.e., 0.234 should be entered as 23.4).
We can calculate each income statement component as a percent of sales by dividing each component by the sales for each year.
How to find?This is shown below:
Year 1:
Year 2:
Sales
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
Cost of goods sold
2,400,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.60 or 60%
3,000,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.60 or 60%
Gross profit
1,600,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.40 or 40%
2,000,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.40 or 40%
Operating expenses
950,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.2375 or 23.8%
1,100,000 / $5,000,000
= 0.22 or 22%
Income before taxes
650,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.1625 or 16.3%
900,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.18 or 18%
Income taxes
260,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.065 or 6.5%360,000 / $5,000,000
= 0.072 or 7.2%
Net income
390,000 / $4,000,000 = 0.0975 or 9.8%
540,000 / $5,000,000 = 0.108 or 10.8%
Therefore, we have calculated the income statement component as a percent of sales for each of the two years as shown above.
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Alexa has contributed $1,887.00 every month for the last 12 years into an RRSP fund. The interest earned by these deposits was 8% compounded monthly for the first 3 years and 9% compounded monthly for the last 9 years.
How much money is currently in the RRSP?
The current amount in the RRSP is approximately $386,254.11.
To calculate the current amount in the RRSP, we need to consider the monthly contributions and the interest earned for each period separately.
First, let's calculate the amount accumulated in the RRSP for the first 3 years at an interest rate of 8% compounded monthly:
Step 1: Calculate the number of months in 3 years: 3 years * 12 months/year = 36 months
Step 2: Calculate the future value of monthly contributions at 8% interest compounded monthly for 36 months:
[tex]FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * [(1 + 0.08/12)^(36) - 1] / (0.08/12)\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * (1.006667^36 - 1) / 0.006667\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * (1.310031 - 1) / 0.006667\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * 0.310031 / 0.006667\\\\ FV = \$87,667.95[/tex]
Next, let's calculate the amount accumulated in the RRSP for the remaining 9 years at an interest rate of 9% compounded monthly:
Step 3: Calculate the number of months in 9 years: 9 years * 12 months/year = 108 months
Step 4: Calculate the future value of monthly contributions at 9% interest compounded monthly for 108 months:
[tex]FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * [(1 + 0.09/12)^(108) - 1] / (0.09/12)\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * (1.0075^108 - 1) / 0.0075\\\\ FV = $1,887 * (1.990458 - 1) / 0.0075\\\\ FV = \$1,887 * 0.990458 / 0.0075\\\\ FV = \$298,586.16[/tex]
Finally, let's calculate the total amount in the RRSP by summing up the amounts accumulated in each period:
The total amount in the RRSP = Amount accumulated in the first 3 years + Amount accumulated in the remaining 9 years
The total amount in the RRSP = [tex]\$87,667.95 + \$298,586.16[/tex]
The total amount in the RRSP ≈ $386,254.11
Therefore, the current amount in the RRSP is approximately $386,254.11.
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XYZ Streaming services wants to be able to provide programming recommendations to their customers. What type of supervised data mining technique is most used?
a. linear regression model
b. classification and regression trees
c. Naïve Bayes classifiers
d. k nearest neighbors method
One of the most widely used supervised data mining techniques for programming recommendations to customers by streaming services is the classification and regression trees (CART) method. The CART model is one of the most commonly used supervised learning algorithms used in data mining.
It is a decision tree-based technique that includes a set of rules for sorting data into categories or predicting numerical values. It is commonly used for programming recommendations by streaming services by analyzing viewer behavior and content properties to provide personalized recommendations to their customers. The CART method is a popular approach in this area since it helps in predicting the probability of an event occurring and assists in making predictions and classifying data.
It is used for the identification of viewers’ preferences, as well as for predicting and classifying programs in a manner that is aligned with the behavior of their customers. The linear regression model, Naïve Bayes classifiers, and the k nearest neighbors method are also used in data mining but they are not specifically designed for programming recommendations to customers by streaming services.
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The first quarter of the year is Owen’s favorite time. Owen Poole is a certified public accountant (CPA) and he loves the tax season. Although he understands that tax reform would be best for everyone if it simplified the process, he is glad that the idea of reform has been just talk. Owen enjoys the challenge of figuring out what deductions clients can take and how to maximize his clients’ tax refunds. Owen sees it as a battle between himself and the internal revenue service. The only thing Owen likes more than the challenge itself is winning! When Owen was earning his degree in accounting he took several electives in other business topics. One of his favorite ones was supply chain management. Owen enjoyed the big picture perspective this course emphasized. Understanding business from a broad perspective is crucial to Owen’s own business because many of his clients are businesses, not individuals. As part of his services, Owen gives advice to his business clients on how to improve their bottom line. He explains to them that he will search out every penny possible in deductions to enhance their bottom line. However, he explains that they can help themselves by implementing more effective and efficient processes within their business. Although Owen isn’t an expert in many of these processes, he understands enough to point his clients in the right direction. Since a significant portion of Owen’s clients are small businesses, often just a few years old, his advice is helpful and very welcomed. Today Owen is meeting with Van Ward. Van’s business has been growing very rap-idly. As Owen reviews Van’s financial statements he notices that Van’s profit has been decreasing slightly despite his company’s growth. Van’s financial statements tell Owen a lot. He knows that there has not been much invested in resource planning systems. Consequently, as Van’s business has grown, so have the inefficiencies. Owen decided that will be the topic for today to help Van understand the need for investment in this area.
Discussion Questions
Put yourself in Owen’s position. What questions would you ask Van to better under-stand his needs concerning resource planning?
Enterprise resource planning software is expensive. As Owen, you know that Van cannot afford to buy and implement a complete ERP system. In your opinion, what two common modules of an ERP system do you believe are the most crucial to any business? Provide a recommendation to Van, justifying your choice of the two modules for his business. How does the investment potentially benefit him?
Currently, Van is using a chase production strategy. Owen believes that this is an inefficient strategy. Do you agree with Owen? If so, what option would you recommend to Van? If you disagree with Owen, explain why Van is on the right track with his strategy.
As Owen, some questions that can be asked to Van to better understand his needs concerning resource planning are:
What is the scale of his business?
What are the areas of his business that are in need of improvement?
What are his goals for the business in the coming years?
What is his budget for resource planning?
What is the expected return on investment for the business after implementing resource planning?
Two common modules of an ERP system that are crucial to any business are:
1. Accounting module: This module helps in keeping track of all financial transactions, generating financial reports, managing accounts receivable and accounts payable, and managing payroll.
2. Inventory management module: This module helps in managing inventory levels, tracking inventory movement, forecasting demand, and managing orders. These two modules are essential for any business as they help in maintaining accurate financial records and managing inventory levels. Van can benefit from implementing these modules by gaining better control over his finances and inventory, reducing errors, and improving efficiency.
Currently, Van is using a chase production strategy, which may not be the most efficient strategy. It is an inefficient strategy because it relies on production being triggered by customer orders. This can lead to overproduction, long lead times, and stockouts. A better option for Van would be to adopt a pull production strategy. This strategy relies on production being triggered by actual demand rather than forecasts. This can help Van to reduce lead times, improve inventory management, and increase efficiency.
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after receiving financial information about the riding toy division at rainbow toys, management is considering closing the riding toy division. the division generated revenues of $950,500, the contribution margin was $239,800, and division income was ($162,700). however management discovered that $395,200 of corporate fixed overhead has been allocated to the division and included in the computation of division income. with this additional information, should rainbow close the riding toy division? why or why not?
The revised division income after considering the allocated fixed overhead is $232,500.
To determine whether Rainbow Toys should close the riding toy division, to recalculate the division's income by considering the allocation of corporate fixed overhead. The allocated fixed overhead may impact the division's profitability and decision-making.
Given information:
Revenues of the riding toy division = $950,500
Contribution margin = $239,800
Division income (before considering fixed overhead) = ($162,700)
Corporate fixed overhead allocated to the division = $395,200
Let's calculate the revised division income:
Division Income (after considering fixed overhead) = Division Income (before fixed overhead) + Allocated Fixed Overhead
Division Income (after considering fixed overhead) = ($162,700) + $395,200
Division Income (after considering fixed overhead) = $232,500
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Oxygen Corp. uses process costing for its departments. During the month, Department A had total costs of $550,000. Of this amount, $305,000 related to direct materials and $245,000 to conversion. Department A had 100,000 total equivalent units of direct materials and 200,000 for conversion. What is the cost per equivalent unit for conversion? 1) $1.83 2) $1.53 3) $2.45 4) $1.23 On a CVP graph, the slope of the sales revenue line is equal to: 1) the contribution margin. 2) the sales price. 3) the intersection of the axis. 4) total revenue.
Oxygen Corp. uses process costing for its departments. During the month, Department A had total costs of $550,000. Of this amount, $305,000 related to direct materials and $245,000 to conversion. Department A had 100,000 total equivalent units of direct materials and 200,000 for conversion.
The cost per equivalent unit for conversion can be calculated as follows: Cost per equivalent unit for conversion= Total conversion costs/Equivalent units of conversion Total conversion costs = $245,000Equivalent units of conversion= 200,000Cost per equivalent unit for conversion= $245,000/200,000= $1.23
Hence, the cost per equivalent unit for conversion is $1.23.On a CVP graph, the slope of the sales revenue line is equal to the sales price. The Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis is an analytical approach used to understand the correlation between cost, revenue, and volume and their impact on profit levels and sales of a company.
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Suppose that a payday can only be on a weekday (Monday-Friday). For any payday on a weekend return the next workday as the new payday.
Place your calculation for the first "next workday" in cell H16.
Reference the table of federal holidays, the original payday, and the day of the week for the original payday when calculating the next workday.
Use error catching to return an empty cell if the payday is already on a weekday.
Reuse your formula to calculate the remaining paydays in the column.
***I Need the excel formula to calculate the New Payday***
The Excel formula to calculate the new payday in the given condition where a payday can only be on a weekday is given below:`=IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)<6,H15,IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)=6,H15+2,H15+1))`
To calculate the new payday according to the given condition of weekday, we need to use the WEEKDAY function of Excel. The WEEKDAY function of Excel returns a number representing the day of the week of a date.
The WEEKDAY function takes two arguments. The first argument is the date from which the day of the week needs to be determined. The second argument is optional and specifies the day that should be considered as the start of the week, such as Monday or Sunday. This second argument can be 1 to 7 where 1 is Sunday, 2 is Monday, 3 is Tuesday, and so on.
The formula that will calculate the new payday according to the given condition is:=IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)<6,H15,IF(WEEKDAY(H15,2)=6,H15+2,H15+1))
In this formula, the IF function is used to check whether the payday is already on a weekday or not. If the payday is already on a weekday, then the formula will return the original payday as the new payday. Otherwise, the formula will calculate the next workday as the new payday and return it.
In the formula, H15 is the cell reference of the original payday date. The second argument of the WEEKDAY function is 2, which means that Monday is considered the start of the week. If the result of the WEEKDAY function is less than 6, then it means that the original payday is already on a weekday, and the formula will return the original payday. If the result of the WEEKDAY function is 6, then it means that the original payday is on a Saturday, and the formula will add 2 days to the original payday to get the next workday. If the result of the WEEKDAY function is 7, then it means that the original payday is on a Sunday, and the formula will add 1 day to the original payday to get the next workday.
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a company issued a $500,000, 12 percent, 90-day note payable to acquire an office building. what is the maturity value of the note that the company will pay on the maturity date? group of answer choices
The maturity value of the note that the company will pay on the maturity date is $561,650.
The maturity value of a note payable is the total amount that the company will pay on the maturity date.
In this case, the company issued a $500,000, 12 percent, 90-day note payable to acquire an office building.
To calculate the maturity value, we need to consider the principal amount, the interest rate, and the time period.
First, let's calculate the interest on the note. The interest is calculated using the formula:
Interest = Principal * Interest Rate * Time
Principal = $500,000
Interest Rate = 12% (or 0.12 as a decimal)
Time = 90 days (or 90/365 years, since it's less than a year)
Interest = $500,000 * 0.12 * (90/365)
Next, we calculate the maturity value by adding the interest to the principal amount:
Maturity Value = Principal + Interest
Maturity Value = $500,000 + Interest
Substituting the calculated value for interest:
Maturity Value = $500,000 + ($500,000 * 0.12 * (90/365))
Simplifying the expression:
Maturity Value = $500,000 + ($500,000 * 0.12 * 0.2466)
Maturity Value = $500,000 + ($61,650)
Maturity Value = $561,650
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Doral Division of Resorts International reported net operating profit after taxes totaling $120,000 in 2017. The cost of capital is 10.5 percent and the invested capital is $560,000. R&D incurred in 2017 was $100,000. The company's policy is to amortize intangible assets over 4 years. The income tax rate is 30 percent. How much is the company's economic value added for 2017? a. $75,825 b. $105,825 c. $825 d. $70,825
Economic value added (EVA) refers to a financial performance measure that indicates the amount of net operating profit that exceeds the cost of invested capital in a business.
Economic value added takes into account the opportunity cost of invested capital in the overall performance of the company.
In order to calculate the company's economic value added for 2017 we need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT)
NOPAT = Net Operating Profit After Taxes = $120,000.00 * (1-0.30)
= $84,000.00
Step 2: Calculate the Adjusted Operating Profit (AOP)
Adjusted Operating Profit (AOP) = NOPAT + Interest Expense
= $84,000 + ($560,000 * 10.5%)
= $144,800
Step 3: Calculate the Adjusted Tax Rate (ATR)
Adjusted Tax Rate (ATR) = Tax Rate * (1-Intangible Amortization)
= 0.30 * (1-(1/4))
= 0.225
Step 4: Calculate the Capital Charge
Capital Charge = Invested Capital * Cost of Capital
= $560,000 * 10.5%
= $58,800
Step 5: Calculate the Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA = Adjusted Operating Profit - Capital Charge
EVA = $144,800 - $58,800
EVA = $86,000
Therefore, the economic value added for 2017 is $86,000.
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QUESTION FOUR [25] Read the following text and answer the questions that follow: The year is 2010 and times were good. The business environment was vibrant and the economy strong. Large businesses are committing large amounts of capital and resources to implement new strategies, establish new capabilities, and open new markets. It was no different at PintCo, where Jack works as a Director of Customer Relationship Management. Jack walked into work on Monday morning like any other. He dropped his briefcase in his office, grabbed a cup of coffee and headed down the hall to meet with his boss, Brandon, about one of the company's troubled projects. Although Jack had substantial experience, he had only recently joined PintCo after being hired away from a chief competitor. He was still learning about some of the nuances of his current employer. After the typical morning banter, Brandon and Jack got to the topic at hand. "Jack, I'll get straight to the point. I need to you to take over the Customer Master File project from Paul." Brandon said. He continued, "We hired you because of your significant project management expertise. I know that POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT ACADEMIC AND ASSESSMENT CALENDAR REGENT BUSINESS SCHOOL (RBS) JAN 2022 29 you've turned around a lot more difficult situations than this." Over an hour later, Jack emerged from Brandon's office and set out to learn more about the challenge that Brandon had posed to him. Jack was an experienced business leader and project manager. He had seen more than his fair share of ugly projects; some he turned around while others had spun hopelessly out of control. He would be able to tell very quickly how this one would go based on the makeup and culture of the project team. Troubled Waters Over the course of the next few weeks, Jack took over the Customer Master File project, met with key project team members, and conducted dozens of interviews with key stakeholders. It was only a few weeks since Brandon had handed the keys to him for this troubled project, and now Jack was back in Brandon's office to give a rather stark update on the situation. "Brandon, I've talked to the project team and to key stakeholders, and I know why this project is in trouble," Jack started. "If you truly want me to turn this project around, I'll need your support to make some critical changes." Brandon, a 20-year veteran at PintCo, knew what was coming. He had seen too many projects start, flounder, and then fail at the company. He didn't want to hear that another project was on the brink of failure, but he asked anyway, "What did you find out, Jack, and what can I do to help?" Jack drew a deep breath and began to explain his findings. "Brandon, as you know this project has been in flight for nearly 6 months now and it is already behind schedule and over budget." Jack went on, "In talking to the project team and other stakeholders, I don't see the situation getting better without making some pretty significant changes." Jack's experience helped him to quickly identify a number of critical issues with the project, which he carefully outlined for Brandon: "The scope of the project is not well defined," "The IT architects are sitting in their ivory towers and disagree with the project's direction," POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT ACADEMIC AND ASSESSMENT CALENDAR REGENT BUSINESS SCHOOL (RBS) JAN 2022 30 "The project team is not functioning as a team," "There is a lack of clear executive sponsorship, and" "Steve from Marketing is trying to manipulate this project for his own political gain." "I'm not going to sugar coat this for you Brandon," Jack explained. "I've seen this situation far too often in my career, and if we don't change the situation this project will fail in glorious fashion.
" Questions:
4.1 The project scope statement includes deliverables that the project must produce to fulfil requirements. Construct a well-defined scope for the above project. (15)
4.2 Identify the risks and develop a risk action plan for this project. (1
In this text, Jack, a Director of Customer Relationship Management, is tasked with taking over a troubled project at PintCo.
He identifies several critical issues with the project, including a poorly defined scope, disagreement among IT architects, a dysfunctional project team, a lack of clear executive sponsorship, and political manipulation by someone from Marketing. Jack emphasizes the need for significant changes to prevent the project from failing. The text highlights the challenges faced by Jack and the importance of addressing these issues to turn the project around and ensure its success.
In summary, the text introduces Jack, who is assigned to turn around a troubled project at PintCo. He identifies multiple critical issues with the project, such as scope definition problems, disagreement among IT architects, a dysfunctional team, lack of executive sponsorship, and political manipulation. Jack emphasizes the necessity for significant changes to prevent the project from failing in a grand manner.
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9) Consider a credit boom where bank lending increases
a) What is likely to happen to the money supply? Explain.
b) Explain whether such a boom would more likely be inflationary or deflationary.
c) Given your answer from (b), would borrowers or lenders more likely benefit?
a) When there is a credit boom, bank lending increases. Consequently, the money supply is also likely to increase. The reason for this is that bank lending tends to increase when people and businesses borrow more money.
This money is then spent, leading to an increase in the economy's total spending, as well as an increase in the money supply. Thus, the money supply and bank lending are positively related. b) When there is a credit boom, it is more likely to be inflationary.
This is because a credit boom increases the supply of money, making it easier for people to borrow and spend money. This can lead to an increase in demand for goods and services, resulting in an increase in prices. The increase in demand and prices can further lead to wage increases, thus increasing production costs, which would increase the prices further.
Therefore, a credit boom is more likely to be inflationary than deflationary.c) The answer from (b) implies that borrowers are more likely to benefit from a credit boom. This is because an inflationary boom causes an increase in prices, which can lead to an increase in asset prices.
Hence, borrowers who took loans would need to pay back the loans in lower-valued dollars, while asset prices would rise. However, lenders would likely suffer losses as the money they lent out would be worth less than what they expected.
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Leriba Auto Company (LAC) manufactures car components and is based in South
Africa. The Company’s CEO has decided to see what opportunities there are for
exporting and establishing operations in Nigeria. Assess the country’s recent economic
conditions related to GDP, inflation, interest rates, currency value, and employment. As
a consultant of LAC, what advice would you give the CEO, based on how these
economic factors may attract or deter foreign investment
NB The following marking rubric will be used to mark this Assignment:
· content reflection demonstrated in critical thinking in terms of analysing and
applying global business concepts (55 marks)
· personal growth is demonstrated in awareness of deeper meaning through
inferences made, examples, well-developed insights, and substantial depth in
perceptions and arguments. Demonstrated also by an ability to synthesise current
experience into future implications. · Quality of evidence (sources) used for the assignment; and documentation:
The Nigerian economy has been experiencing high levels of economic growth in recent years. The country's GDP has increased significantly over the past decade, with a growth rate of around 2.27 percent in 2019. Inflation rates in Nigeria have been relatively high in recent years, with rates exceeding 11 percent in 2019. High inflation rates can deter foreign investment as they increase the cost of doing business.
Interest rates in Nigeria have been relatively stable over the past decade. In 2019, the interest rate was 13.5 percent, which is quite high compared to other developing countries. However, high-interest rates can attract foreign investment as they provide a higher return on investment.
The Nigerian currency has been volatile in recent years, with significant fluctuations against the US dollar. The currency value has been declining steadily in recent years, which can deter foreign investment as it increases the uncertainty of investing in the country.
Employment in Nigeria has been a significant issue in recent years, with high levels of unemployment and underemployment. This could deter foreign investment as it increases the risk of social unrest, which can affect the stability of the investment.
Based on these economic factors, LAC's CEO should approach the Nigerian market with caution. The high inflation rates and declining currency value may increase the cost of doing business and reduce profitability. However, stable interest rates may provide an attractive investment opportunity for LAC. Additionally, the CEO should evaluate the employment situation carefully to ensure that the investment is stable and secure.
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Read the following excerpts. Identify whether the policy action is fiscal or monetary and expansionary or contractionary. Draw and label the change that would occur on the AD/AS graph as a result of the policy action described in each. Identify what will happen as a result of the policy to the price level, employment, and real GDP
Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. Expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and/or decreasing taxes, while contractionary fiscal policy involves decreasing government spending and/or increasing taxes.
The question does not include any excerpts, we cannot provide the required answer. However, I can provide you with some general information about fiscal and monetary policies and their effects on the economy.Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.
Expansionary fiscal policy involves increasing government spending and/or decreasing taxes, while contractionary fiscal policy involves decreasing government spending and/or increasing taxes.
Expansionary fiscal policy is used to stimulate economic growth, while contractionary fiscal policy is used to slow down economic growth.
Meanwhile, monetary policy refers to the use of the central bank's tools to influence the economy. Expansionary monetary policy involves increasing the money supply and decreasing interest rates, while contractionary monetary policy involves decreasing the money supply and increasing interest rates.
Expansionary monetary policy is used to stimulate economic growth, while contractionary monetary policy is used to slow down economic growth.
In terms of their effects on the economy, expansionary fiscal and monetary policies both lead to an increase in aggregate demand, which causes an increase in real GDP, higher employment, and higher prices.
Conversely, contractionary fiscal and monetary policies both lead to a decrease in aggregate demand, which causes a decrease in real GDP, lower employment, and lower prices.
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Porter proposed that businesses achieve sustainable competitive
advantage by following any one, or a combination of three generic
strategies:
Porter proposed three generic strategies that businesses can follow in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. These strategies are cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.
This can be achieved by investing in research and development, creating strong brand identities, and building customer relationships. By differentiating themselves from competitors, businesses can charge a premium for their products or services and maintain customer loyalty. Focus involves targeting a specific market segment or niche and tailoring products or services to meet the needs of that segment.
Porter suggested that businesses should choose one of these strategies and focus on it in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, some businesses may choose to pursue a combination of two or more of these strategies. For example, a business could differentiate itself by offering unique products and also focus on a specific market segment in order to build customer loyalty.
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The balance sheet data of Coronado Industries at the end of 2021 and 2020 follow: Land was acquired for $203000 in exchange for common stock, par $203000, during the year; all equipment purchased was for cash. Equipment costing $23000 was sold for $9000; book value of the equipment was $18000 and the loss was reported as an ordinary item in net income. Cash dividends of $29000 were charged to retained earnings and paid during the year; the transfer of net income to retained earnings was the only other entry in the Retained Earnings account. In the statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021, for Coronado Industries: The net cash provided (used) by financing activities was $121000.
$−0.
$(56000).
$(29000).
The net cash provided (used) by financing activities was $121,000 according to Coronado Industries' statement of cash flows for the fiscal year that ended on December 31, 2021.
This indicates that Coronado Industries produced a net positive cash flow from its financing activities for the entire year. The management of the company's financial structure and efforts to raise cash are examples of financing activities.A positive net cash flow from financing activities indicates that the company's financing activities generated more cash than they consumed. This could involve actions like issuing stock, acquiring credit or loans, or paying off debt. The $121,000 shows that these financing actions resulted in a net cash inflow for the company.
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International investing Multiple Choice cannot be measured against a passive benchmark, such as the S\&P 500 . can be measured against a widely-used index of non-U.S. stocks, the EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East). can be measured against international indexes. can be measured against a widely-used index of non-U.S. stocks, the EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East), and against international indexes.
Comparing international investing to a passive benchmark like the S&P 500 is impossible. Instead, it can be compared to other foreign indices as well as the popular non-US stock index known as the EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East).
An investor that engages in international investing purchases assets that are situated abroad. Due to the nature of international investment, it cannot be compared to a passive benchmark like the S&P 500, which is made up only of US stocks. Instead, foreign investing can be evaluated against global indices, such the popular EAFE Index (Europe, Australia, Far East) index of non-US equities.
The performance of publicly traded businesses in Europe, Australasia, and the Far East is gauged by the EAFE Index, an equity index.
The EAFE Index comprises approximately 1,000 stocks from 21 countries, with Japan accounting for the largest weighting. It provides investors with a benchmark for assessing the performance of their international investments.
It is widely accepted by investors as the most representative index of non-US stocks. The MSCI World Index, which includes companies from 23 developed countries, is another commonly used benchmark for international investing.
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Rebecca and you are on the Marketing team for "Juju on that Beat", a relatively new urban-themed clothing line. After the successful launch of this new brand, the marketers have conducted consumer research to assess how the brand is doing. The new brand is doing well, and target consumers express a lot of satisfaction with the product once they try it. However, the brand name does not show up in any recall checks when the marketers ask consumers to come up with urban-themed apparel brand names. Rebecca, the Brand manager, is very surprised by this finding and thinks that the research is flawed. "How can a consumer express satisfaction with a brand, and yet not recall the brand name when asked?" she asks. You, the Consumer Insights manager, is nonplussed. You suggest that it is not at all surprising and the research is not flawed. This is because you know that consumers do not store brand information in long-term memory, unless spreading activation takes place. Which of the following are not factors that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory?
Spreading activation is the process that takes place in the brain when the recall of information occurs. It is not at all surprising that consumers might express satisfaction with a brand, and yet not recall the brand name when asked.
Consumers do not store brand information in long-term memory unless the activation process takes place.
Factors that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory are as follows:
Enhanced emotion: This is the most important factor that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory. The enhanced emotion can be positive or negative depending on the situation.
Importance: The information that is considered important is easily remembered by the brain. Therefore, the importance of the brand can also drive the activation process to strengthen long-term memory.
Emphasis: This refers to the repetition of the information. The more information is repeated, the more the brain is inclined to remember it.
Significance: This refers to the information that is of great interest to the individual. The brain is more likely to remember information that is of great significance.
In conclusion, the factors that can drive spreading activation to strengthen long-term memory are enhanced emotion, importance, emphasis, and significance.
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what measurement represents the financial worth of a customer to a company over the course of their relationship?
The measurement that represents the financial worth of a customer to a company over the course of their relationship is the customer lifetime value (CLV).
Customer lifetime value (CLV) is a metric that quantifies the total value a customer generates for a company throughout their entire relationship. It is an estimation of the revenue and profits a customer is expected to generate over their lifetime as a customer.
CLV takes into account various factors such as the customer's purchasing frequency, average order value, retention rate, and the duration of the customer's relationship with the company. By considering these factors, CLV provides insights into the long-term financial impact of acquiring and retaining customers. Calculating CLV allows companies to assess the profitability of customer segments, prioritize marketing efforts, allocate resources effectively, and make strategic decisions regarding customer acquisition, retention, and loyalty programs. It helps identify high-value customers, tailor marketing strategies to maximize customer lifetime value and guide investments in customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives.
Overall, customer lifetime value provides a comprehensive view of the economic value of a customer to a company, helping drive profitability and long-term success by focusing on building and maintaining valuable customer relationships.
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which of the following methods is used to determine volumes at which warehousing alternatives is best
The correct method used to determine volumes at which warehousing alternatives are best is Option a) Factor Rating.
Warehousing alternatives refer to different options for storing and managing inventory within a supply chain or logistics system. Determining the most suitable volume for each warehousing alternative is crucial for efficient operations. Among the provided options, the method used for this purpose is "Factor Rating."
Factor Rating is a quantitative technique that involves assigning scores to different factors or criteria relevant to the evaluation of warehousing alternatives. These factors can include capacity, location, cost, accessibility, security, and other aspects that impact the performance and suitability of a warehouse for a particular volume of goods.
Here's how the Factor Rating method works:
1. Identify relevant factors: Determine the key factors that influence the selection of a warehousing alternative. These factors may vary depending on the specific requirements of the business or industry.
2. Assign weights: Assign weights or importance values to each factor based on their relative significance. These weights reflect the importance of each factor in the decision-making process.
3. Develop a rating scale: Create a rating scale for each factor. This scale typically ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 represents poor performance or suitability, and 10 represents excellent performance or suitability. The scale should be designed to provide a relative assessment of each alternative for a given factor.
4. Evaluate alternatives: Evaluate each warehousing alternative against the defined factors using the rating scale. Assign a score to each alternative for each factor, based on its performance or suitability.
5. Calculate weighted scores: Multiply the scores assigned to each alternative for each factor by the corresponding weights assigned in step 2. Sum up these weighted scores for each alternative.
6. Compare and select: Compare the total weighted scores for each alternative. The alternative with the highest total score is considered the most suitable for the given volume of goods.
By using the Factor Rating method, businesses can systematically evaluate and compare different warehousing alternatives based on multiple factors. This approach helps in identifying the most appropriate option for a specific volume requirement, considering factors such as capacity, cost, location, and other relevant criteria.
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Complete Question
Which of the following methods is used to determine volumes at which warehousing alternatives are best?
a) Factor Rating
b) Center of Gravity calculation
c) Cost Volume Breakeven Analysis (CVBA)
d) Break-bulk justification
on a part of the demand curve where the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, a decrease in price
a. is impossible
b. will increase total revenue
c. will decrease total revenue
d. decreases quantity demanded
The answer is option c) will decrease total revenue. Elasticity of demand refers to how the change in price impacts the demand for the good. In other words, it is the responsiveness of the demand for a good or service to the changes in price.
The elasticity of demand can be classified into three types based on the degree of responsiveness:Unitary Elasticity: When the change in price of a good is directly proportional to the change in demand, then it is called unitary elasticity. It means the price elasticity of demand is equal to 1.Elastic Demand: When the percentage change in demand for a good is greater than the percentage change in price, then it is called elastic demand. It means the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1.
Inelastic Demand: When the percentage change in demand for a good is less than the percentage change in price, then it is called inelastic demand. It means the price elasticity of demand is less than 1. Therefore, when the price elasticity of demand is less than 1, it is said to be inelastic. An inelastic demand curve is steeper, indicating that a change in price does not significantly impact the demand for the good.So, option c) is the correct answer.
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Which one of the following statements is not correct?
a) Market timing theory argues that companies issue equity when their P/E ratio is exceptionally high
b) According to static trade-off theory agency costs of equity increase when CEO’s ownership of the firm is low
c) Firm has no target capital structure if it follows the pecking order theory
d) Home-made leverage is possible when no market imperfections exist
The statement that is not correct is: "According to static trade-off theory agency costs of equity increase when CEO’s ownership of the firm is low." This is false.
Here are the explanations of the other statements mentioned in the question as well as the explanation of the correct statement:Market timing theory This theory argues that companies issue equity when their P/E ratio is exceptionally high. This is because at this time, their stocks are overvalued. By issuing equity, they can make more money. However, this theory is highly criticized, and empirical studies have found that companies usually issue equity when their stocks are undervalued instead of overvalued. Static trade-off theory The static trade-off theory states that there is an optimal amount of debt and equity that a company should have in its capital structure.
By combining these assets in the right proportion, an investor can replicate the return of a levered investment without actually borrowing any money. This is incorrect. In static trade-off theory, agency costs of equity increase when CEO’s ownership of the firm is high, not low. This is because when the CEO has a large ownership stake in the company, he/she has a lot to lose if the company performs poorly. Therefore, the CEO will take actions to increase the stock price, such as increasing dividends or investing in profitable projects. In contrast, when the CEO has a low ownership stake, he/she may not be motivated to take such actions as he/she has less to lose. Hence, option b is incorrect.
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A project consists of an annual investment 47,000.00 for four years, with no residual values. The annual revenue forecast is R$ 110,000.00 in the 6 years following the conclusion of the investments, then R$ 120,000.00 per year for 6 years and, finally, R$ 160,000.00 per year in 6 years. The forecast annual costs (including taxes) is R$70,000.00 in the 6 years following the completion of the investments, then R$80,000.00 per year for 6 years and, finally, R$100,000.00 per year in 6 years . Assume that the minimum attractiveness rate is 12% p.a. and calculate the capital efficiency ratio (NPV / PVI) for that project..
The capital efficiency ratio (NPV/PVI) for the given project is 24.4%.
In order to calculate the capital efficiency ratio (NPV / PVI) for the project, we need to follow the given steps:
Calculation of present value of all the cash flows associated with the project:
Year0Outflow (47,000)Year1-4
Outflow (47,000)Year5-10
Inflow (110,000)Year11-16Inflow (120,000)Year17-22Inflow (160,000)Year5-10
Outflow (70,000)Year11-16
Outflow (80,000)Year17-22
Outflow (100,000)
The present value of all cash flows can be calculated as:
NPV = -47,000 - 47,000 - 47,000 - 47,000 + 110,000/(1.12)^5 + 110,000/(1.12)^6 + 110,000/(1.12)^7 + 110,000/(1.12)^8 + 110,000/(1.12)^9 + 110,000/(1.12)^10 + 120,000/(1.12)^11 + 120,000/(1.12)^12 + 120,000/(1.12)^13 + 120,000/(1.12)^14 + 120,000/(1.12)^15 + 120,000/(1.12)^16 + 160,000/(1.12)^17 + 160,000/(1.12)^18 + 160,000/(1.12)^19 + 160,000/(1.12)^20 + 160,000/(1.12)^21 + 160,000/(1.12)^22 - 70,000/(1.12)^5 - 70,000/(1.12)^6 - 70,000/(1.12)^7 - 70,000/(1.12)^8 - 70,000/(1.12)^9 - 70,000/(1.12)^10 - 80,000/(1.12)^11 - 80,000/(1.12)^12 - 80,000/(1.12)^13 - 80,000/(1.12)^14 - 80,000/(1.12)^15 - 80,000/(1.12)^16 - 100,000/(1.12)^17 - 100,000/(1.12)^18 - 100,000/(1.12)^19 - 100,000/(1.12)^20 - 100,000/(1.12)^21 - 100,000/(1.12)^22NPV = R$45,876.74
Calculation of the present value of investments (PVI):
PVI = R$47,000 + R$47,000 + R$47,000 + R$47,000PVI = R$188,000
Capital efficiency ratio (NPV/PVI):
Capital efficiency ratio = NPV/PVI
Capital efficiency ratio = R$45,876.74/R$188,000
Capital efficiency ratio = 0.244 or 24.4%
Therefore, the capital efficiency ratio (NPV/PVI) for the given project is 24.4%.
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profit centers are areas of responsibility within the organization where responsibility are limited to maximizing output given a certain level of cost ,or minimizing cost given at certain level of output .true /false ?
The correct answer is False. Profit centers are areas of responsibility within the organization where responsibility is not limited to maximizing output given a certain level of cost or minimizing cost given a certain level of output.
Profit centers are areas of responsibility within the organization.
Managers in profit centers are accountable for both revenues and costs.
The objective of profit centers is to maximize profitability.
This involves maximizing the difference between revenues and costs.
The focus is not limited to maximizing output given a certain level of cost or minimizing cost given a certain level of output.
Profit centers are specific divisions, departments, or units within an organization that are treated as separate entities for management control and financial reporting purposes.
Managers in profit centers have the authority and responsibility to make decisions that impact both the revenues generated and the costs incurred within their respective areas.
Unlike cost centers, which are responsible for controlling and minimizing costs, profit centers are focused on achieving a positive bottom line by maximizing profitability.
Maximizing profitability involves optimizing the balance between generating revenues and managing costs effectively.
Profit center managers have the flexibility to make decisions regarding pricing strategies, product mix, cost reduction initiatives, resource allocation, and other factors that directly impact the financial performance of their units.
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Please calculate a semi-annual corporate bond with 6% coupon rate, coumpounded semi-annually; it has a yield to maturity of 8%. The bond has 6 years maturity left. Assuming face value is $1,000. find the market price of this bond. (Round answers to two decimals, enter answer without $ or ",., such as 1234.70)
The given information are as follows: Coupon rate is 6%, compounded semi-annuallyYield to maturity is 8%The bond has 6 years to maturity left.The face value is $1,000To find: the market price of this bondLet,
C be the coupon payments, y be the yield, F be the face value, n be the number of periods and P be the bond price. We can use the below formula for bond valuation.P = C * (1 - (1+y)^-n)/y + F/(1+y)^nIn the given problem, we have semi-annual payments. Therefore, we can calculate semi-annual coupon payments and semi-annual periods and semi-annual yield to maturity.So, C = (6/2)%*F = 30y = 8%/2 = 4% (semi-annual yield to maturity)n = 6*2 = 12P = 30 * (1 - (1+4%)^-12)/(4%) + 1000/(1+4%)^12= $913.55Therefore, the market price of this bond is $913.55.
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