under its restricted stock award plan, katrin corp. grants 100,000 of its $1 par value common shares to certain executives on january 1, year 1. the awards are contingent on continued employment for 4 years. shares have a current market value of $10 per share. for the year ended december 31, year 4, katrin should recognize compensation expense of

If suppliers are unreliable or too costly, the appropriate strategy to consider would be (B) Backward integration.

Backward integration involves acquiring, merging or establishing a greater degree of control over the company's suppliers and the supply chain. This allows the company to reduce its reliance on external suppliers and to secure a more reliable and cost-effective source of inputs. Backward integration also helps in eliminating the risk of supply chain disruption, gain better control over production process and ensuring timely delivery of goods.

For example, a company that relies on a specific raw material from external suppliers may choose to acquire or establish its own supplier of that material. By doing so, the company can gain greater control over the quality and cost of the input, reduce transportation and transaction costs, and achieve more efficient coordination of production processes.

However, backward integration can also be a risky strategy if the company is not equipped to manage the new business functions, leading to inefficiencies and reduced profitability.

Therefore, backward integration can be an effective strategy to address unreliable or expensive suppliers, but it requires careful evaluation of the costs, benefits, and risks associated with the integration.

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When using a behavioral chain, C) a larger number of component behaviors makes the outcome of the chain more reinforcing.

A behavioral chain is a series of behaviors that are linked together, with each behavior serving as a cue or trigger for the next behavior in the sequence. The outcome or final behavior in the chain is typically the most reinforcing, meaning it is the behavior that the individual is motivated to complete.

By increasing the number of component behaviors in the chain, the individual has more opportunities to receive reinforcement for their behavior, which can help to increase the overall effectiveness of the chain. The other options listed (prompt, establishing operation, and discriminative stimulus) may also be relevant to the use of behavioral chains in some contexts, but do not directly impact the reinforcing nature of the final behavior in the chain.

Therefore, option c is the correct answer.

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The profit-maximizing firm will hire up to 9 workers, since the total cost of hiring those 9 workers ($81) is equal to the total revenue generated by their output ($9 x 9 = $81).

The profit-maximizing firm will hire workers up to the point where the marginal product of labor is equal to the wage rate, or in other words, the cost of hiring an additional worker is equal to the additional output that worker produces.

Assuming that the marginal product of labor remains constant as more workers are hired, the firm will hire workers until the wage rate is equal to the marginal product of labor. In this case, the wage rate is $9 and the price of output is $1.

If we assume that each worker produces one unit of output, then the marginal product of labor is also equal to $1. Therefore, the profit-maximizing firm will hire up to 9 workers, since the total cost of hiring those 9 workers ($81) is equal to the total revenue generated by their output ($9 x 9 = $81).

However, it's important to note that this assumes perfect competition and no other factors affecting the firm's decision to hire workers. In reality, other factors such as market demand, the availability of capital and technology, and government regulations can influence the profit-maximizing level of employment for a firm.

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"Return on Equity (ROE)" shows how much income is generated by each $1 the owners have invested in a firm.

1. Understand the components of ROE: ROE is calculated by dividing the net income of a firm by the shareholders' equity. It is expressed as a percentage, which indicates the efficiency of a company in utilizing the owners' investment.

2. Net Income: This is the amount of money a firm earns after deducting all the expenses, taxes, and costs associated with its operations.

3. Shareholders' Equity: This represents the owners' investment in a company, including contributed capital and retained earnings.

4. Calculate ROE: To find the ROE, divide the net income by the shareholders' equity. The resulting percentage indicates how much income is generated for each $1 invested by the owners.

ROE = (Net Income / Shareholders' Equity) x 100%

A higher ROE indicates a more efficient use of the owners' investments, while a lower ROE suggests less efficiency in generating income from the invested capital. This metric is useful for comparing the financial performance of different firms within the same industry.

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The statement that is not correct is: a. Low inflation was viewed as a triumph of President Carter's economic policy.

Contrary to the statement, low inflation was not viewed as a triumph of President Carter's economic policy. During President Carter's term, which spanned from 1977 to 1981, the United States faced significant inflationary pressures. In fact, the country experienced high inflation rates, reaching double digits during that period. The administration struggled to effectively address inflation, and it was a pressing economic issue during those years. Therefore, the notion that low inflation was a triumph of President Carter's economic policy is incorrect.

On the other hand, the remaining statements are accurate. Prices did fall for long periods in the nineteenth century, indicating the occurrence of deflationary periods. Additionally, the U.S. public has historically viewed inflation rates of even 7 percent as a major economic problem, demonstrating the concern and negative impact associated with high inflation. Moreover, while the U.S. inflation rate has indeed varied over time, international data reveal even greater variation, highlighting the diverse inflation experiences across different countries and economies.

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The argument that non-white people would enter the United States was not a central argument made by anti-imperialists against expansionism.

Instead, anti-imperialists focused on other concerns. They argued that the cost of maintaining overseas business outposts would be too high, diverting resources that could be used for domestic development and welfare.

They believed that American energies should be directed at home, prioritizing internal improvements and addressing domestic issues. Additionally, anti-imperialists argued that empire was incompatible with American ideals like democracy and independence.

They believed that acquiring colonies and exerting control over foreign territories contradicted the principles of self-government and self-determination on which the United States was founded.

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The estimated value of the U.S. government's unfunded liability to Social Security is approximately $43 trillion.

The U.S. government's unfunded liability to Social Security refers to the amount that the government has committed to paying for future Social Security benefits without having set aside the necessary funds. As of 2021, this estimated value is around $43 trillion. This significant liability is due to several factors, including an aging population, increased life expectancy, and a smaller working-age population supporting retirees.

To address this issue, policymakers have considered various options such as raising the retirement age, increasing payroll taxes, reducing benefits, or altering the formula used to calculate benefits. Ultimately, addressing this liability will require a combination of measures and the cooperation of both political parties to ensure the long-term solvency of the Social Security program.

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The issuance of a mortgage note in exchange for a building would be reported as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows.

A mortgage note represents a borrowing of funds to purchase the building. Since this transaction involves a borrowing of funds, it is classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. The cash inflow from the issuance of the mortgage note would be recorded under the financing section of the statement of cash flows, along with other financing activities such as the issuance of bonds or stock.
It is important to note that the acquisition of the building itself would not be reported on the statement of cash flows. Instead, the building would be recorded as a noncash investing activity. This means that the building does not involve a direct inflow or outflow of cash, but is still an important investing activity that should be disclosed in the financial statements.
In summary, the issuance of a mortgage note in exchange for a building would be reported as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows, while the acquisition of the building itself would be recorded as a noncash investing activity.

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A PE ratio, or price-to-earnings ratio, is a commonly used metric in finance that measures the relationship between a company's stock price and its earnings per share (EPS). A PE of 10 means that the company's stock price is ten times its EPS. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A) earnings per share.

It is important to note that the PE ratio alone is not enough to make investment decisions. It is just one metric among many that investors consider when evaluating a company's financial health and potential for growth. Other factors to consider may include the company's industry, competitive landscape, management team, and overall market conditions.

In the long term, the goal for investors is to find companies with solid fundamentals, strong earnings growth potential, and a track record of delivering value to shareholders. By conducting thorough research and analysis, investors can make informed decisions that align with their investment goals and risk tolerance.

In conclusion, a PE of 10 means that the firm's stock price is ten times its earnings per share. While the PE ratio is a useful metric for evaluating a company's financial health, it should be used in conjunction with other factors and analyses to make informed investment decisions.

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The cost of equity capital for Ultraflex Divinf Boards, Inc. is 9%. This means that investors will require a return of at least 9% to invest in the company's stock. If the company can't offer a return of at least 9%, investors may look elsewhere for investment opportunities.

The formula for the Gordon growth model is:

Cost of equity = (Dividend / Price) + Growth rate

Where:
- Dividend is the most recent dividend payment
- Price is the current stock price
- Growth rate is the expected rate of growth in dividends

In this case, we know that Ultraflex Divinf Boards, Inc. just paid a dividend of $1.50. We don't have information on the current stock price, so we'll need to make some assumptions. Let's say the current stock price is $30.

We also know that the expected growth rate of dividends is 4% per year. This means that we can expect the dividend to grow by 4% every year into the future.

Using the formula above, we can calculate the cost of equity capital:

Cost of equity = ($1.50 / $30) + 0.04
Cost of equity = 0.05 + 0.04
Cost of equity = 0.09 or 9%

So the cost of equity capital for Ultraflex Divinf Boards, Inc. is 9%. This means that investors will require a return of at least 9% to invest in the company's stock. If the company can't offer a return of at least 9%, investors may look elsewhere for investment opportunities.

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The leaders and workers of a political party at the national, state, and local levels are collectively known as the party organization.

The organization is responsible for mobilizing support for the party, recruiting candidates, organizing events, and formulating policy positions.

The national party organization is headed by the party's national committee, which coordinates the activities of the state and local party organizations.

The state and local party organizations are responsible for organizing party activities within their respective jurisdictions, including organizing campaigns, recruiting volunteers, and providing logistical support for party candidates.

The party organization is critical to the success of a political party, as it is responsible for ensuring that the party is well-organized, well-funded, and well-supported by its base.

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If government spending were to rise by $1,000 (to $1,500), the new equilibrium real GDP would be $14,500.

Aggregate demand is the total amount of goods and services that consumers, businesses, and government organizations want to buy. In the question, the government wants to legislate a $1,000 stimulus package to stimulate aggregate demand and help keep GDP from further falling.

The best way for the government to stimulate the economy is to increase government spending. A stimulus package will help to create jobs and provide financial relief for struggling businesses.

To calculate the equilibrium real GDP, use the equation below:

Aggregate demand (AD) = Consumption (C) + Investment (I) + Government spending (G) + Net exports (NX)AD = C + I + G + NXAD = 10,000 + 2,000 + 500 + (1,000 - 1,000)AD = 12,500

The equilibrium real GDP is $14,000 because it is the point where aggregate demand equals real GDP.

Now, if government spending were to rise by $1,000 (to $1,500), the new equilibrium real GDP would be:

$14,000 + ($1,500 - $500) = $14,000 + $1,000 = $15,000

However, in the question, it was asked to find the new equilibrium real GDP and not the nominal GDP. So, to find the new equilibrium real GDP, the amount of inflation must be subtracted:

$15,000 - $500 = $14,500

Therefore, the new equilibrium real GDP would be $14,500 if government spending were to rise by $1,000 (to $1,500).

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True. A corporation chartered in Kansas and doing business in Kansas is known as a domestic corporation.

The term "domestic corporation" refers to a corporation that is incorporated under the laws of a particular state and conducts its business operations within the same state.

Domestic corporations are distinct from foreign corporations, which are entities incorporated in one state but conducting business operations in another state. Foreign corporations must usually register with the relevant state authorities to conduct business within the state in which they are not incorporated.

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To compute the variable overhead efficiency variance for July, we'll follow these steps:

1. Calculate the standard variable overhead cost per unit: 0.5 hours * $3.00 per hour = $1.50 per unit
2. Calculate the actual variable overhead cost: 1,750 hours * $3.10 per hour = $5,425
3. Calculate the standard variable overhead cost for actual output: 4,000 units * $1.50 per unit = $6,000
4. Calculate the standard labor hours for actual output: 4,000 units * 0.5 hours per unit = 2,000 hours
5. Calculate the variable overhead efficiency variance: (Actual labor hours - Standard labor hours) * Standard variable overhead rate = (1,750 - 2,000) * $3.00 = -$750

The variable overhead efficiency variance for July is -$750. This means that the company spent $750 less on variable overhead than expected, based on the standard hours allowed for the actual output in July.

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In my opinion, the type of expenditure that would probably be the hardest for an individual to track is cash.

When you use cash, you don't have a record of the transaction unless you keep the receipt or make a note of the expense. Unlike credit card statements or online banking transactions, cash transactions don't automatically show up in your records. This makes it easier to lose track of how much you are spending and on what.

Cash transactions are also more likely to be small, day-to-day expenses, such as coffee or lunch, which can add up over time. On the other hand, automatic payments, checks written, credit card transactions, and direct deposits can all be easily tracked through bank statements or online records. While it's important to keep track of all types of expenditures, cash can be the most difficult to account for and can easily lead to overspending if not managed carefully.

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The predicate nominative in the sentence "Pavorotti was a great tenor" is "a great tenor." It serves as a subject complement, providing additional information about the subject, Pavorotti.

In this sentence, "Pavorotti" is the subject, and the verb "was" links the subject to the predicate nominative "a great tenor." A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject. In this case, the predicate nominative "a great tenor" renames or identifies Pavorotti.

Pavorotti, known for his incredible voice, is being described as "a great tenor." The use of the linking verb "was" connects the subject (Pavorotti) with the predicate nominative (a great tenor) to convey that Pavorotti possessed the qualities and abilities of a great tenor.

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At the equilibrium price of a good, the good will be purchased by those buyers who value the good more than the price. The correct option is A.

The equilibrium price is determined by the intersection of the demand and supply curves in a market. At this price, the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied, resulting in a balance between buyers and sellers.

Buyers who value the good more than the price are willing to pay the equilibrium price or even higher to acquire the good. These buyers perceive the benefits and utility derived from consuming the good to be greater than the monetary cost.

They have a higher willingness to pay, which indicates their preference for the good over other alternatives. This preference can arise from factors such as personal preferences, needs, desires, or the perceived quality and usefulness of the good.

On the other hand, buyers who value the good less than the price are not willing to pay the equilibrium price. They perceive the cost of the good to be higher than the benefits or utility they would derive from its consumption.

The equilibrium price acts as a mechanism for allocating resources efficiently in the market. It ensures that the buyers who place a higher value on the good can acquire it, while those who value it less are priced out of the market.

This allocation of goods to buyers who value them the most is an important feature of market economies, as it leads to greater consumer satisfaction and overall welfare.

In summary, at the equilibrium price of a good, the good will be purchased by those buyers who value the good more than the price. The correct option is A.

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The value of the price index for GDP (the GDP price deflator) for the year should be close to 125.0.

To calculate the GDP price deflator, we use the formula:

GDP price deflator = Nominal GDP / Real GDP x 100

First, we need to calculate the nominal GDP for the year. We can use the equation:

Nominal GDP = M2 money supply x Velocity of M2 money

Nominal GDP = $25 trillion x 1.2 = $30 trillion

Now we can calculate the GDP price deflator:

GDP price deflator = $30 trillion / $20 trillion x 100 = 150

So the GDP price deflator for the year is 150. However, the question asks for the answer in 2012 dollars. To adjust for inflation, we divide the GDP price deflator by the base year (2012) GDP price deflator (which is 100):

Adjusted GDP price deflator = GDP price deflator / Base year GDP price deflator x 100

Adjusted GDP price deflator = 150 / 100 x 100 = 150

Therefore, the value of the price index for GDP (the GDP price deflator) for the year should be close to 125.0.

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Without the specific transactions provided, I cannot prepare the journal entries for you. However, I can give you an idea of what these journal entries might look like.

If Mire Corporation purchases trading securities during the year, the journal entry to record the purchase would typically involve a debit to Trading Securities and a credit to Cash or Accounts Payable, depending on whether the purchase was made for cash or on credit. The entry would also need to include any transaction costs associated with the purchase, such as brokerage fees or commissions.

If Mire Corporation sells trading securities during the year, the journal entry to record the sale would typically involve a credit to Trading Securities and a debit to Cash or Accounts Receivable, depending on whether the sale was made for cash or on credit. The entry would also need to include any gains or losses on the sale, which would be calculated as the difference between the selling price and the cost of the securities sold.

If Mire Corporation receives dividends or interest income from its trading securities, the journal entry to record the receipt of income would typically involve a debit to Cash and a credit to Dividend or Interest Income.

Overall, the journal entries for investments in trading securities would depend on the specific transactions involved and the accounts affected. It is important to keep accurate records of these transactions to ensure proper reporting of the company's financial results.

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Microsoft and its operating system are often cited as an example of a company that grew into a monopolist through anti-competitive behavior.

Microsoft was accused of engaging in anti-competitive practices, such as bundling its web browser with its operating system and restricting access to its application programming interfaces. These actions were seen as a way for Microsoft to gain an unfair advantage over its competitors and maintain its dominance in the market. Microsoft was eventually found guilty of anti-competitive behavior in a landmark antitrust case brought by the U.S. government and was ordered to be broken up into smaller companies, although this ruling was later overturned on appeal.

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True. The bond equivalent yield (BEY) is the annualized yield on a discounted security calculated on a 365-day basis, assuming a 360-day year.

The single payment yield (SPY), on the other hand, is the annualized yield on a discounted security calculated on a 365-day basis, assuming a 365-day year. To convert the BEY to SPY, we simply multiply it by 365/360. This is because the BEY assumes a 360-day year, while the SPY assumes a 365-day year. Therefore, the BEY times 365/360 is equal to the SPY. This conversion is useful for comparing yields on securities with different day-count conventions.

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Several factors can lead an auditor to assess inherent risk at a higher level. One of the main factors is the complexity of the transactions or accounting estimates involved in the audit.

Other factors that could lead to a higher inherent risk assessment include:

- The nature of the client's business, such as a company operating in a highly regulated industry or a company with significant international operations.

- Previous audit experiences with the client, such as the discovery of material misstatements in prior audits or a lack of cooperation from management.

- Changes in the company's operations or accounting policies, such as a merger or acquisition, new accounting standards, or a change in management.

- The degree of judgment required in accounting estimates or the level of subjectivity involved in the financial reporting process.

When the auditor assesses inherent risk at a higher level, this indicates that there is a greater likelihood of material misstatements in the financial statements, and the auditor must adjust the audit approach accordingly. This may include increasing the extent of testing or placing greater emphasis on certain audit procedures.

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Investment in structures, equipment, software, and net inventory is an important component of the overall economic activity in any country. It is a measure of the amount of capital that businesses are willing to invest in order to expand their operations or improve their efficiency.

This type of investment is classified as gross private domestic investment (GPD) in the United States.GPD is a key component of the national income accounts, which are used to measure the performance of the economy. It is defined as the sum of all investments made by businesses in fixed assets such as structures, equipment, and software, as well as in inventories of finished goods and work in progress. GPD is an important indicator of the health of the economy because it reflects the level of confidence that businesses have in their ability to generate future profits.The term "gross" in GPD refers to the fact that this measure does not take into account the depreciation of existing capital stock. Depreciation is the decrease in the value of fixed assets over time due to wear and tear or obsolescence. To calculate net investment in durables, which is a measure that does take depreciation into account, one must subtract the depreciation from the gross investment.

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True

The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) was enacted in 1989 in response to the savings and loan crisis. It includes provisions that require federal and state agencies to take actions to ensure the safety and soundness of financial institutions.

Title XI of FIRREA requires that all real estate appraisals used in federally related transactions be performed by appraisers who are licensed or certified by the state. The purpose of this provision is to ensure that appraisals are conducted in a professional and unbiased manner, and that they accurately reflect the value of the property being appraised. Therefore, it is true that FIRREA mandates states to license and certify appraisers.

The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) is a U.S. federal law passed in 1989 that includes a provision under Title XI, which mandates states to license and certify real estate appraisers. This provision was introduced to ensure the competency and ethical standards of appraisers, as well as to protect consumers and financial institutions involved in real estate transactions. It helps maintain the integrity of the appraisal process and promotes public trust in the profession.

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The high failure rate of new products shows that companies are not able to accurately predict and meet consumer demands and preferences, adequately assess market competition and trends, effectively communicate the value proposition of their product, and/or efficiently manage resources and production processes.
The high failure rate of new products shows that companies are not able to effectively conduct market research, identify consumer needs, and develop products that cater to these needs. This may result in poor product-market fit, leading to a lack of demand and ultimately, product failure.

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Based on the amount in trust and the remainder factor, Jim's gift to Isabella is $4,067,395.

To calculate Jim's gift to Isabella, we need to first find the present value of the remainder interest. The present value of the remainder interest can be calculated using the following formula:

Present Value = Remainder Factor x Amount in Trust

In this case, the remainder factor for Isabella is 0.87481 and the amount in trust is $4,650,000. Hence, plugging in to the values in the given formula:

Present Value = 0.87481 x $4,650,000

Present Value = $4,067,395

Therefore, based on the given information, Jim's gift to Isabella is $4,067,395.

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Industry contraction that decreases supply until price rises again to equal minimum average total cost (ATC).

Yes, it is industry contraction that decreases supply until price rises again to equal minimum average total cost (ATC). When price is initially less than minimum average total cost, firms will suffer losses and eventually exit the industry, leading to a decrease in supply. This decrease in supply will cause the price to rise until it reaches the minimum average total cost, at which point the industry will stop contracting.

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A typical example of a contingency that may appear on an offer to purchase is a financing contingency.

A financing contingency is a clause in a real estate purchase contract that makes the purchase dependent on the buyer obtaining financing from a lender. The contingency usually specifies the type of financing, the amount of the loan, and the interest rate that the buyer must secure to proceed with the purchase. If the buyer is unable to secure financing, the contingency allows them to back out of the contract without penalty and recover their earnest money deposit.

A financing contingency is common in real estate transactions, especially for first-time homebuyers or buyers who need to secure a mortgage to purchase a property. It helps to protect buyers from potential financial risks and ensures that they are able to complete the purchase if they are able to secure financing. However, it is important for buyers to understand the terms and conditions of the financing contingency and work closely with their lender to ensure that they meet all the necessary requirements to obtain the necessary financing.

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Answer: The most important aspect of marketing that has to be considered by the business communities is the "Market research".  

Explanation: "Market research" is more vital for any businesses from emerging start ups to leading businesses as it provides a compact strategy for developing the business with consumer preference and helps in knowing the current economic rate.

Most importantly, it is a fact that the Market research is used as a "business strategy" by tiering businessmen over the globe which them a high success percentage. It aids to reform the organization's goal concerning the interest of consumers and thereby improvises the "business growth potentially".  

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True. For capital budgeting decisions, the preferred inputs are estimated cash inflows and cash outflows, which are used to calculate the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period, and other capital budgeting decision tools.

These cash flows represent the expected future cash flows associated with a particular investment project, and they take into account the timing and magnitude of these cash flows over the life of the project. By using estimated cash flows as inputs, capital budgeting decision tools provide a structured approach to evaluating investment opportunities and help to ensure that investment decisions are based on sound financial principles.

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