The adjusting entry for patent amortization in 2016 is to reduce the accumulated amortization by $2.15 million and recognize this amount as an expense in the patent amortization expense account.
To record the adjusting entry for patent amortization in 2016 to reflect the revised estimate, you would need to calculate the revised annual amortization expense and adjust the accumulated amortization accordingly. Here's how you can do it:
1. Determine the original annual amortization expense:
The original cost of the patent is $11.70 million, and it was amortized on a straight-line basis over 9 years. Therefore, the original annual amortization expense would be:
$11.70 million / 9 years = $1.30 million per year.
2. Determine the revised annual amortization expense:
Management has decided that the patent will benefit the company over a total of 6 years instead of 9 years. To calculate the revised annual amortization expense, divide the remaining unamortized cost by the remaining useful life:
Remaining unamortized cost: $11.70 million - ($1.30 million per year * 5 years) = $11.70 million - $6.50 million = $5.20 million.
Revised annual amortization expense: $5.20 million / 6 years = $0.87 million per year.
3. Calculate the adjustment needed:
To adjust the accumulated amortization, subtract the cumulative amortization expense recorded from the revised cumulative amortization that should have been recorded by the end of 2016.
Original cumulative amortization: $1.30 million per year * 5 years = $6.50 million.
Revised cumulative amortization: $0.87 million per year * 5 years = $4.35 million.
Adjustment: Revised cumulative amortization - Original cumulative amortization = $4.35 million - $6.50 million = -$2.15 million.
4. Record the adjusting entry:
To reflect the revised estimate, you need to reduce the accumulated amortization by the adjustment amount. Since the adjustment amount is negative, it means reducing the accumulated amortization will increase its balance. Here's the adjusting entry:
Debit: Accumulated Amortization - Patent $2.15 million
Credit: Patent Amortization Expense $2.15 million
This entry will decrease the accumulated amortization balance by $2.15 million and recognize the adjustment as an expense in the patent amortization expense account.
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On June 1, 2023, Bobo's Inc. purchases a patent for $450,000. The patent was originally issues on June 1, 2018. Bobo's believes they can use the patent to generate revenue for the remainder of its legal life.
What is the remaining useful life on the patent?
years
What is the annual amortization that Bobo's will record related to the patent?
Prepare the journal entry to record one year's amortization expense related to the patent.
DR:
CR:
Journal entry records the annual amortization expense of $90,000, reducing the value of the patent over its remaining useful life. The accumulated amortization account is a contra-asset account that tracks the total amount of amortization recorded over time.
The patent can be determined by subtracting the original issue date (June 1, 2018) from the current date (June 1, 2023).
Step 1: Calculate the remaining useful life of the patent
Current date - Original issue date = Remaining useful life
5 years - 0 years = 5 years
The remaining useful life of the patent is 5 years.
Step 2: Calculate the annual amortization expense
To calculate the annual amortization expense, divide the purchase price of the patent ($450,000) by the remaining useful life (5 years).
Purchase price / Remaining useful life = Annual amortization expense
$450,000 / 5 = $90,000
Bobo's will record an annual amortization expense of $90,000 related to the patent.
Step 3: Prepare the journal entry to record one year's amortization expense related to the patent
To record one year's amortization expense, we will debit the amortization expense account and credit the accumulated amortization account.
DR: Amortization Expense $90,000
CR: Accumulated Amortization $90,000
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Mitchell is consuming both good X and good Y when his utility is maximized. Which of the following is least likely to be his utility function for X and Y ? A) U(X,Y)=6X+4Y B) U(X,Y)=X^2/3 Y^1/3 C) U(X,Y)=min(6X,Y) D) U(X,Y)=5X^1/2 Y1/2 E) U(X,Y)=XY
option E) U(X,Y)=XY is least likely to be Mitchell's utility function when his utility is maximized.
The utility function represents an individual's preferences or satisfaction derived from consuming different combinations of goods. To determine the least likely utility function for good X and good Y when Mitchell's utility is maximized, let's analyze each option:
A) U(X,Y)=6X+4Y: This utility function is a linear combination of X and Y. It implies that Mitchell's utility increases as he consumes more of both goods. This is a plausible utility function.
B) U(X,Y)=X^2/3 Y^1/3: This utility function exhibits constant returns to scale, meaning that increasing the quantities of both X and Y by the same proportion results in the same level of utility. This is also a plausible utility function.
C) U(X,Y)=min(6X,Y): This utility function suggests that Mitchell's utility is determined by the lesser quantity of the two goods. It implies that he values one good more than the other, regardless of the specific quantities consumed. This is a plausible utility function.
D) U(X,Y)=5X^1/2 Y1/2: This utility function shows that Mitchell's utility is proportional to the geometric mean of X and Y. It implies diminishing marginal utility for each good. This is also a plausible utility function.
E) U(X,Y)=XY: This utility function suggests that Mitchell's utility is directly proportional to the product of X and Y. It implies constant marginal utility for each good. However, this is the least likely utility function since it doesn't account for diminishing marginal utility or preferences for one good over the other.
In conclusion, option E) U(X,Y)=XY is least likely to be Mitchell's utility function when his utility is maximized.
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Consider a brand like Cipla, one of the leading pharmaceutical companies in India, owning 48% of the $42-billion market. The Indian pharmaceutical market ranks third in terms of volume, 13th in terms of value worldwide and has an annual growth rate of 17.7%. To constantly stay on top and thrive in such a fast-paced business environment, pharma companies depend on their efficient sales teams to successfully push their products into the market. The pharmacy sales representatives act as the key link between the company and healthcare professionals.
In order to meet the company expectations, the sales managers of Cipla constantly monitor and optimise the performance of their sales team. Each salesperson needs to submit daily sales reports that measure their performance based on several key metrics and KRAs. The recent sales growth rate figures have seen a minor dip; thus, Cipla has decided to reformulate the sales report format using new and improved industry-relevant sales metrics.
Q1. Prepare a daily sales report format for a sales executive working at the pharmaceutical company Cipla. Working days are Monday to Saturday, and Sunday is the weekly off. Make suitable assumptions for the same.
Q2. Distribution of milk products
Q3. Distribution of heavy-duty capital equipment
Q4. Distribution of textbooks to schools
The report format for each scenario should include relevant sections such as date, inventory, sales performance, customer feedback, challenges, and action plans.
Q1) The daily sales report format for a sales executive at Cipla may include sections such as:
1. Date: Specify the date of the sales report.
2. Sales Activity: Provide a summary of sales activities conducted during the day, including customer visits, meetings, and presentations.
3. Product Performance: Report on the sales performance of specific products, including quantities sold, revenue generated, and any challenges faced.
4. Customer Feedback: Document feedback received from customers regarding products or services.
5. Sales Targets: Indicate progress towards sales targets and any deviations from the set goals.
6. Opportunities and Challenges: Highlight potential sales opportunities identified and any challenges faced during the day.
7. Action Plan: Outline the planned actions for the next day to address sales objectives and improve performance.
The daily sales report format allows sales executives to track and communicate their activities, performance, and challenges effectively. By including key sections such as sales activity, product performance, customer feedback, and action plan, the report enables sales managers to monitor progress, identify areas for improvement, and support the sales team in achieving their targets. The format should be concise, comprehensive, and aligned with the specific requirements and goals of the pharmaceutical industry and Cipla as a company.
Q2) The distribution of milk products report may include sections such as:
1. Date: Specify the date of the distribution report.
2. Product Inventory: Provide an overview of the milk products inventory, including quantities in stock and any new deliveries received.
3. Distribution Channels: List the distribution channels used, such as retail stores, supermarkets, or direct deliveries to customers.
4. Sales Volume: Report the sales volume of each milk product, including units sold and revenue generated.
5. Market Trends: Highlight any market trends or changes in consumer preferences that may impact milk product distribution.
6. Customer Feedback: Document feedback received from customers regarding the quality, packaging, or availability of milk products.
7. Challenges and Opportunities: Identify any challenges faced during distribution, such as logistics or supply chain issues, as well as potential opportunities for expansion or improvement.
The distribution of milk products report helps track the performance of the distribution process and analyze market trends. By monitoring inventory, sales volume, customer feedback, and challenges, companies can optimize their distribution strategies, ensure product availability, and address customer needs effectively. The report provides insights into market dynamics, customer preferences, and areas for improvement to enhance the efficiency and profitability of milk product distribution.
Q3) The distribution of heavy-duty capital equipment report may include sections such as:
1. Date: Specify the date of the distribution report.
2. Equipment Inventory: Provide an overview of the available heavy-duty capital equipment inventory, including models, quantities, and specifications.
3. Sales Orders: Report on the sales orders received for the equipment, including customer details, order quantities, and delivery schedules.
4. Delivery Status: Track the status of equipment deliveries, including pending orders, in-transit shipments, and completed deliveries.
5. Installation and Service: Document the installation and service activities performed for the distributed equipment, including any maintenance or repair requirements.
6. Customer Satisfaction: Collect customer feedback and satisfaction ratings regarding the equipment quality, performance, and service.
7. Sales Performance: Evaluate the sales performance of the distributed equipment, comparing actual sales to targets or previous periods.
The distribution of heavy-duty capital equipment involves managing complex logistics and ensuring customer satisfaction. The report helps monitor equipment inventory, sales orders, delivery status, installation/service activities,
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what is the relationship between bench and the customary angles?
The relationship between a bench and customary angles lies in the functionality and utility they provide during woodworking activities.
A workbench provides a stable and flat surface for working on various projects, allowing woodworkers to secure materials
and perform tasks with precision and control.
In the context of woodworking or carpentry, the term 'bench' typically refers to a workbench,
which is a sturdy table-like structure used for various tasks such as cutting, shaping, assembling, and repairing materials.
'Customary angles' generally refers to common or standard angles commonly used in woodworking or construction.
When it comes to working with wood, there are often standard or customary angles that are commonly used for specific purposes.
These angles might be used for cutting, joining, or shaping wood pieces.
Woodworkers frequently make use of tools like miter saws, circular saws, chisels, and hand planes to achieve these angles.
A workbench, with its solid and level surface, provides a stable foundation for accurately measuring, marking,
and cutting wood pieces at these customary angles.
Woodworkers can secure workpieces to the bench using clamps or bench dogs, allowing work safely and precisely with desired angles.
The workbench, in conjunction with customary angles, facilitates the execution of woodworking tasks effectively and efficiently.
It provides a dedicated space for manipulating materials and ensures stability.
And accuracy while working with various angles common to craft.
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You currently have $70,000 in your bank account and you will need a total of $80,000 in 6 years to pay for a down payment on a house. What interest rate do you need to earn in order to have $80,000 in your bank account 6 years from now? Enter your answer as a percentage rounded to 2 decimal places. Do not include the percentage sign in your answer.
The interest rate needed to have $80,000 in the bank account 6 years from now is approximately 2.64%. To find the interest rate needed to reach $80,000 in 6 years, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + interest rate)^n
Where:
Future Value = $80,000 (the desired amount in 6 years)
Present Value = $70,000 (the current amount)
n = 6 (number of years)
Substituting the given values into the formula, we have:
$80,000 = $70,000 * (1 + interest rate)^6
Dividing both sides of the equation by $70,000, we get:
1.1428571428571428 = (1 + interest rate)^6
To isolate the interest rate, we can take the sixth root of both sides of the equation:
(1 + interest rate) = 1.1428571428571428^(1/6)
Now, subtracting 1 from both sides of the equation:
interest rate = 1.1428571428571428^(1/6) - 1
Calculating this value, we find:
interest rate ≈ 0.0264
Therefore, the interest rate needed to have $80,000 in the bank account 6 years from now is approximately 2.64%.
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The statements of financial position of Naledi Ltd for the past two years and the most recent statement of profit or loss are set out as follows:
Further information
1. The total depreciation charge for the year was P3,545,000.
2. Property, plant and equipment costing P976,000 with accumulated depreciation of P355,000 was sold in the year at a profit of P224,000.
3. All sales and purchases were on credit. Other expenses were paid for in cash.
Required
Prepare the statement of cash flows for Naledi Limited for the year ended 31 October 2018
Statement of Cash Flows for Naledi Limited
For the year ended 31 October 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income
P360,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities
Depreciation
P3,545,000
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
(P224,000)
Increase in trade receivables
(P1,200,000)
Increase in inventory
(P600,000)
Increase in trade payables
P1,000,000
Net cash from operating activities
P1,411,000
Cash flows from investing activities
Sale of property, plant and equipment
P751,000
Net cash from investing activities
P751,000
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of dividends
(P150,000)
Net cash from financing activities
(P150,000)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
P1,510,000
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
P700,000
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
P2,210,000
Explanation:
In the operating activities section, the net profit for the year is adjusted by adding the depreciation expense and deducting the profit on the sale of assets. Additionally, changes in working capital are considered, such as an increase in accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable. The resulting net cash provided by operating activities is calculated.
In the investing activities section, the proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment are recorded, while the purchase of new property, plant, and equipment is subtracted. The net cash provided by or used in investing activities is determined.
No financing activities are mentioned in the given information, so there are no entries for this section.
Finally, the net increase in cash and cash equivalents is computed by adding the net cash from operating and investing activities. The cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and end of the year are also provided.
Please note that this is a simplified example based on the information provided. Additional details or specific line items may be required in a comprehensive statement of cash flows.
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could you see what an analyst can do to achieve a face-saving way of managing errors?
To achieve a face-saving way of managing errors, an analyst can acknowledge and take responsibility for the error, communicate openly with stakeholders and offer a corrective action plan to address the error .
To achieve a face-saving way of managing errors, an analyst can take the following steps. First, they should promptly acknowledge and take responsibility for the error or mistake. Second, they should openly communicate with stakeholders, providing transparency and clear explanations about the error and its impact. Third, they should offer a solution or corrective action plan to address the error and prevent its recurrence.
In the face of an error, an analyst can start by acknowledging and taking ownership of the mistake. By doing so, they demonstrate accountability and integrity, which are essential for maintaining trust and credibility. It is important to avoid denying or shifting blame, as this can further damage their professional reputation.
Furthermore, open communication is crucial in managing errors. The analyst should proactively inform stakeholders, such as clients, managers, or team members, about the error and its implications. Transparently explaining what went wrong and how it occurred can help stakeholders understand the situation better and minimize misunderstandings or rumors.
Lastly, the analyst should present a well-thought-out plan for rectifying the error and preventing its recurrence. This demonstrates their commitment to learning from mistakes and improving processes. By offering a solution or corrective action plan, the analyst shows their dedication to quality work and the willingness to take necessary steps to address the situation.
Overall, by promptly acknowledging errors, maintaining open communication, and providing effective solutions, an analyst can navigate errors in a face-saving manner and work towards regaining trust and respect from stakeholders.
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If a farmer entered the futures market today to hedge their upcoming crop and entered at a price of $12.50, expected basis at harvest is -$0.40. At harvest, the futures price is $10.00 and basis is -$0.40. What net price does he get per bushel of soybeans?
The farmer, who entered the futures market to hedge their crop, initially entered at a price of $12.50 per bushel of soybeans. At harvest, the futures price dropped to $10.00 per bushel, and the basis remained at -$0.40.
Considering these factors, the farmer's net price per bushel of soybeans can be calculated.
To calculate the net price per bushel of soybeans, we need to consider the futures price and the basis. The futures price represents the market price of soybeans at a specific time, while the basis reflects the difference between the local cash price and the futures price.
In this case, the farmer entered the futures market at $12.50 per bushel. At harvest, the futures price dropped to $10.00 per bushel, indicating a decrease in the market price. The basis remained constant at -$0.40, indicating a consistent difference between the local cash price and the futures price.
To calculate the net price, we subtract the basis from the futures price. In this case, $10.00 (futures price) - (-$0.40) (basis) equals $10.40. Therefore, the farmer would receive a net price of $10.40 per bushel of soybeans at harvest.
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1. A separate network located outside the organization's internal information system that permits controlled access from the Internet to selected resources is known as a(n) ______
2. Who bears the responsibility for information security in an organization?
1. A separate network located outside the organization's internal information system that permits controlled access from the Internet to selected resources is known as a(n) extranet.
2. The responsibility for information security in an organization lies with everyone within the organization, from top management to individual employees.
1. A separate network located outside the organization's internal information system that allows controlled access from the Internet to specific resources is called an extranet. An extranet serves as a secure and controlled communication channel between an organization and its external stakeholders, such as business partners, suppliers, or customers. It enables the sharing of information, collaboration, and limited access to resources with authorized external entities while maintaining security measures. Hence, the term that describes this separate network is an extranet.
2. Information security is a collective responsibility within an organization. While specific roles and departments, such as IT and cybersecurity teams, may have a more direct role in implementing and managing security measures, the responsibility for information security extends to everyone within the organization. Top management plays a crucial role in setting the tone and establishing policies and procedures related to information security.
However, individual employees also have a responsibility to follow security protocols, handle data securely, and report any potential security incidents or breaches. Hence, the responsibility for information security in an organization is shared among all employees, with top management taking a leadership role in establishing a culture of security and implementing appropriate measures.
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Jackson is deciding whether to purchase a new sweater. When deciding whether to purchase the sweater, Jackson wit purchase the sweater only if The opportunity cost is less than the utilty The marginal cost is less than the marginal besent The marginal cost is greater than the marginal benefd. The opportunity cost is greater than the vility.
Jackson will buy the sweater if the opportunity cost is less than the utility, the marginal cost is less than the marginal benefit, and the opportunity cost is greater than the viability. By considering these factors, Jackson can make a more informed decision about purchasing the sweater.
When deciding whether to purchase the sweater, Jackson will only buy it if the opportunity cost is less than the utility, the marginal cost is less than the marginal benefit, and the opportunity cost is greater than the viability.
1. Opportunity cost: This refers to the value of the next best alternative that Jackson would have to give up in order to buy the sweater. If the opportunity cost is less than the utility, it means that the satisfaction or benefit gained from buying the sweater outweighs the value of the next best alternative.
2. Marginal cost: This represents the additional cost incurred by purchasing one more unit of the sweater. If the marginal cost is less than the marginal benefit, it means that the additional satisfaction gained from buying one more unit exceeds the additional cost.
3. Viability: This refers to the feasibility or practicality of purchasing the sweater. If the opportunity cost is greater than the viability, it means that Jackson should consider other factors such as affordability and practicality before making a decision.
In conclusion, Jackson will buy the sweater if the opportunity cost is less than the utility, the marginal cost is less than the marginal benefit, and the opportunity cost is greater than the viability. By considering these factors, Jackson can make a more informed decision about purchasing the sweater.
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The customer requirements section should also include or reference ____ that must be used and met regarding quality and performance of the project work and deliverables.
a. applicable technical specifications, standards, and codes
b. quantitative and qualitative levels
c. audits and surveys
d. published articles
The customer requirements section should also include or reference audits and surveys that must be used and met regarding quality and performance of the project work and deliverables. This section is crucial for ensuring that all customer needs are met in terms of project scope, timeline, and budget.
The requirements section should detail all the expectations and specifications for the project. This includes the features, functions, and benefits of the project that the customer needs, as well as the metrics for measuring the success of the project.The customer requirements section must reference any audits and surveys that will be used to assess the quality and performance of the project work and deliverables.
Audits and surveys help ensure that the project is meeting customer expectations and are important for ensuring customer satisfaction.Audits may be conducted during the project or after the project is completed to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the work and deliverables.
Surveys may also be used to gather feedback from customers about their experience with the project.Both audits and surveys can provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the project. These insights can be used to make necessary improvements and changes to the project to better meet the customer's needs.
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3. Cause marketing is the cooperative effort between a for-profit and a non-profit for their mutual benefit - gives people the opportunity and knowledge they need to help. The dUCk Group will be donating to The Breast Cancer Foundation Malaysia after reaching 500 hashtags posts of "#duckforpinkoctober". (Article 4) Discuss the benefit of this cause marketing strategy to the dUCk group. (2 Marks) 4. Vivy Yusof issuing a netizen over alleged defamatory statements that she had disputed the government's efforts to help ease the financial burden of the B40 and M40 groups affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. -NSTP (Article 5) From your point of view, how does the controversy that is surrounding Vivy Yusof in Article 4 affect dUCK Group's brand image? Discuss the pro and cons. (2 Marks)
The cause marketing strategy of the dUCk Group partnering with The Breast Cancer Foundation Malaysia has several benefits. It can increase brand visibility, create a positive brand association, build customer loyalty, and attract new customers. By engaging in this cooperative effort, the dUCk Group can not only support a worthy cause but also strengthen their brand image and business performance.
Cause marketing is a strategy where a for-profit company collaborates with a non-profit organization for their mutual benefit. In the case of the dUCk Group, they have partnered with The Breast Cancer Foundation Malaysia to donate to the foundation after reaching 500 hashtag posts of "#duckforpinkoctober." This cause marketing strategy has several benefits for the dUCk Group.
1. Increased brand visibility and awareness: By participating in cause marketing, the dUCk Group can generate more attention and visibility for their brand. The hashtag campaign encourages people to post and share content related to the cause, which can help spread awareness about both the dUCk Group and the Breast Cancer Foundation Malaysia.
2. Positive brand association: By supporting a non-profit organization like The Breast Cancer Foundation Malaysia, the dUCk Group can create a positive association with their brand. Consumers often appreciate and support companies that give back to society, which can enhance the dUCk Group's reputation and brand image.
3. Building customer loyalty: Cause marketing campaigns can help foster a sense of loyalty among customers. When customers see a company actively supporting a cause they care about, they are more likely to feel a connection to the brand and continue supporting it in the long run. This can lead to increased customer retention and repeat purchases.
4. Attracting new customers: Cause marketing can also attract new customers who may be interested in supporting both the cause and the company behind it. When people see others posting about the campaign or learn about the dUCk Group's involvement with The Breast Cancer Foundation Malaysia, they may be motivated to try the dUCk Group's products or services, leading to potential new customers and increased sales.
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A finance company makes an offer to deposit a sum of $1,100 and then receive a return of $80 per annum perpetually. Should this offer be accepted if the interest rate is 8% ? Will the decision change if the rate is 5% ?
To determine whether the offer should be accepted, we can calculate the present value of the perpetuity at different interest rates. The formula for calculating the present value of a perpetuity is:
Present Value = Cash Flow / Interest Rate
1) At an interest rate of 8%:
Present Value = $80 / 0.08 = $1,000
Since the present value of the perpetuity is $1,000 and the initial deposit is $1,100, the offer should not be accepted at an interest rate of 8%. This is because the present value is less than the initial deposit.
2) At an interest rate of 5%:
Present Value = $80 / 0.05 = $1,600
In this case, the present value of the perpetuity is $1,600, which is greater than the initial deposit of $1,100. Therefore, if the interest rate is 5%, the offer should be accepted as the present value is higher than the initial deposit.
The decision to accept or reject the offer depends on the interest rate. At an interest rate of 8%, the offer should be rejected, but at an interest rate of 5%, the offer should be accepted.
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Company A issued a bond with a coupon rate of 3.35 percent per year and time to mature 10 years. The bond has a par value of $1,000 and a market. price of $973. Coupons are paid semiannually. What is the yleld to maturity? Multipie Choice 3.689 178% 3.50% 4175
The yield to maturity of the bond issued by Company A is approximately 3.689% when the coupon rate is 3.35% per year, the time to maturity is 10 years, the par value is $1,000, and the market price is $973.
To calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) of a bond, we need to consider the bond's coupon rate, time to maturity, par value, and market price.
In this case, Company A issued a bond with a coupon rate of 3.35% per year and a time to maturity of 10 years. The bond has a par value of $1,000 and a market price of $973. Coupons are paid semiannually.
To calculate the yield to maturity, we need to use the present value formula. The present value of a bond is the sum of the present values of its coupon payments and the present value of its face value.
1. First, let's calculate the present value of the coupon payments. Since coupons are paid semiannually, we need to divide the coupon rate by 2 and adjust the time to maturity to reflect the number of periods.
PV_coupon = Coupon Payment * [1 - (1 + Yield/2)^(-2 * Number of Periods)] / (Yield/2)
2. Next, let's calculate the present value of the face value.
PV_facevalue = Face Value / (1 + Yield/2)^(2 * Number of Periods)
3. Finally, sum the present value of the coupon payments and the present value of the face value to calculate the bond's price.
Bond Price = PV_coupon + PV_facevalue
4. To find the yield to maturity, we need to solve for the yield in the bond price equation. Since this is a complex calculation, we can use financial calculators or Excel's built-in functions to find the yield to maturity. In this case, the yield to maturity is approximately 3.689%.
Therefore, the correct answer from the multiple-choice options is 3.689%.
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2. When would you use a brief use case description as opposed to a fully developed one? 3. What is meant by a "precondition?"
A brief use case description is used when a high-level overview of the system functionality is sufficient, whereas a fully developed use case is necessary when a detailed understanding of the system's behavior is required. A precondition refers to the conditions or states that must be true or met before a use case can be executed.
A brief use case description is typically used in the early stages of system analysis and design, providing a concise summary of the main interactions between actors and the system. It focuses on the overall purpose and goals of the use case, without delving into the detailed steps or alternative paths. This brief description is useful for providing a high-level understanding.
In contrast, a fully developed use case provides a detailed account of the steps, actions, and alternative flows involved in a specific interaction. It includes more comprehensive information such as preconditions, postconditions, triggers, and exceptions. This level of detail is necessary when a more thorough understanding of the system's behavior is required.
A precondition, in the context of use cases, refers to the specific conditions or states that must be true or met before a use case can be executed. It represents the requirements or prerequisites that need to be fulfilled for the use case to proceed. Preconditions ensure that the system is in an appropriate state before a particular interaction can take place, and they help define the starting point for the use case.
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Bravo International Company (BIC) currently produces plastic containers, supplied to both the
household and industrial units. LIC has created a management accounting department in addition to
the financial accounting department to address the management accounting issues facing the
company. You have been recently recruited as a Management Accountant and assigned to head the
new department. However, Mr Kimber, a member of the board, is still arguing that there is no need
for the new department as Financial Accounting and Management Accounting are the same.
The company introduced a new product last year for which it is trying to find an optimal selling price.
Marketing studies suggest that the company can increase sales by 5,000 units for each £2 reduction
in the selling price. The company’s present selling price is £70 per unit and variable expenses are £40
per unit. Fixed expenses are £540,000 per year. The present annual sales volume (at the £70 selling
price) is 15,000 units.
The market research has also shown that the product will attract more customers and raise large
amount of revenue to the firm in the future. However, there is always a debate within the company
accounting department on how to calculate the performance (profit). Mr Ricky is the chief financial
accountant and he believes that absorption costing does a better job of matching costs with revenues
thus presents more accurate profit figure than variable costing.
Financial Accounting and Management Accounting serve different purposes within a company. Management Accounting focuses on providing internal information for decision-making, while Financial Accounting is concerned with reporting financial information to external stakeholders. In this case, Management Accounting plays a crucial role in determining the optimal selling price for the new product, taking into account factors like sales volume and contribution margin.
As the newly recruited Management Accountant, it is important to address the differences between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting to justify the need for a separate department. While Mr Kimber argues that the two are the same, there are distinct differences between them.
Financial Accounting focuses on providing financial information to external stakeholders, such as investors and creditors, to evaluate the company's financial performance. It follows standardized accounting principles and is primarily concerned with producing financial statements, like the income statement and balance sheet.
On the other hand, Management Accounting focuses on providing information to internal stakeholders, such as managers and executives, to support decision-making and improve the company's operations. It includes cost accounting, budgeting, and performance measurement, which are crucial for planning, controlling, and evaluating the company's performance.
In this case, the company wants to find an optimal selling price for its new product. Management Accounting plays a key role in this process by analyzing various factors, such as the impact of price changes on sales volume and revenue.
To calculate the optimal selling price, we can use the concept of contribution margin. Contribution margin is calculated by subtracting the variable expenses from the selling price. In this case, the selling price is £70 per unit and the variable expenses are £40 per unit, so the contribution margin is £30 (£70 - £40).
Given that marketing studies suggest an increase of 5,000 units in sales for each £2 reduction in the selling price, we can calculate the change in contribution margin. For each £2 reduction, the sales volume increases by 5,000 units. Therefore, the increase in contribution margin would be £30 (contribution margin per unit) multiplied by 5,000 units, which equals £150,000 (£30 x 5,000).
To find the optimal selling price, we need to determine the price reduction that maximizes the increase in contribution margin while considering other factors like market demand and competition. This analysis is crucial for decision-making and is within the realm of Management Accounting.
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management expects to meet a contract requirement of 12 bookcases (management would like to keep production exactly at 12 ). If "d " represents the deviational variable, an appropriate objective function for this goal would be:
By using this objective function, management can ensure that the production remains as close to 12 bookcases as possible, meeting the contract requirement.
An appropriate objective function to meet the contract requirement of 12 bookcases, while keeping production exactly at 12, can be formulated using the deviational variable "d."
The objective function aims to minimize the deviation between the actual production and the target of 12 bookcases.
One possible objective function could be:
Minimize: ∑|d|
Where:
- d represents the deviational variable
- ∑ represents the summation symbol, indicating that we are summing up the deviations across all bookcases
This objective function calculates the absolute value of each deviation and sums them up.
By minimizing this sum, we aim to keep the production as close to 12 bookcases as possible.
For example, if the actual production is 10 bookcases, the deviation would be 2 (12 - 10 = 2).
If the actual production is 14 bookcases, the deviation would also be 2 (14 - 12 = 2). In both cases, the objective function would yield a value of 2.
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The company's dividends and earnings are declining at 5%. The company just paid $2 dividends and the required rate of return is 10%. What is the estimated stock price? $10.19 $12.67 $18.05 $15.01
The estimated stock price is $13.33. The estimated stock price of the company can be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model formula.
The Gordon Growth Model is used to estimate the intrinsic value of a stock based on its dividends, growth rate, and required rate of return. In this case, we are given that the dividends and earnings of the company are declining at a rate of 5%, the company just paid $2 dividends, and the required rate of return is 10%.
To calculate the estimated stock price, we can use the formula:
Stock Price = Dividends / (Required Rate of Return - Growth Rate)
In this case, the growth rate is -5% (since dividends are declining), the dividends paid is $2, and the required rate of return is 10%.
Stock Price = $2 / (0.10 - (-0.05))
Stock Price = $2 / 0.15
Stock Price = $13.33
Based on the given answer choices, none of them match the estimated stock price of $13.33. Therefore, the correct answer is not provided in the given options.
Note: It is important to mention that the Gordon Growth Model assumes a constant growth rate, which may not hold true for companies experiencing declining dividends and earnings. The model should be used cautiously and additional analysis is recommended.
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Complete the cost of goods manufactured schedule for Hobbit Company.
HOBBIT COMPANY Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
For the Month Ended December 31, 2017
December 31, 2017 Work in process (1/1) $214,690
Direct materials Raw materials inventory (1/1) $
Add: Raw materials purchases 164,500
Total raw materials available for use Less: Raw materials inventory (12/31) 30,580
Direct materials used $186,060
Direct labor Manufacturing overhead Indirect labor 19,810
Factory depreciation 37,840
Factory utilities 68,470
Total overhead 126,120
Total manufacturing costs Total cost of work in process Less: Work in process (12/31) 90,080
Cost of goods manufactured $550,770
Cost of Goods Manufactured:
HOBBIT COMPANY Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
For the Month Ended December 31, 2017
December 31, 2017 Work in process (1/1): $214,690
Direct materials
Raw materials inventory (1/1): $
Add: Raw materials purchases: $164,500
Total raw materials available for use: $
Less: Raw materials inventory (12/31): $30,580
Direct materials used: $186,060
Direct labor: $
Manufacturing overhead:
Indirect labor: $19,810
Factory depreciation: $37,840
Factory utilities: $68,470
Total overhead: $126,120
Total manufacturing costs: $
Total cost of work in process: $
Less: Work in process (12/31): $90,080
Cost of goods manufactured: $550,770
The Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM) for Hobbit Company for the year ended December 31, 2017, was $550,770. The COGM schedule provides a breakdown of the costs incurred in the manufacturing process.
To calculate the COGM, we start with the beginning work in process inventory (1/1) of $214,690. We then consider the direct materials, which include the raw materials inventory at the beginning of the month and the raw materials purchased during the month. The total raw materials available for use is determined by adding these two values. We subtract the ending raw materials inventory (12/31) to find the direct materials used.
Next, we consider the direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs. Direct labor refers to the cost of labor directly involved in the production process, while manufacturing overhead includes indirect labor, factory depreciation, and factory utilities. The total overhead is the sum of these costs.
The total manufacturing costs are calculated by adding the direct materials used, direct labor, and total overhead. The cost of work in process is found by subtracting the ending work in process inventory (12/31) from the total manufacturing costs. Finally, the COGM is determined by subtracting the cost of work in process from the total manufacturing costs, resulting in $550,770.
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which of the ""big five"" personality dimensions is associated with being thorough and organized?
The personality dimension associated with being thorough and organized is conscientiousness. Conscientiousness is one of the "Big Five" personality traits, which are widely recognized and studied in the field of psychology. It refers to the tendency to be responsible, dependable, organized, and diligent in one's actions and behaviors.
Individuals high in conscientiousness are typically well-organized, detail-oriented, and strive for accuracy and completeness in their work. They are diligent in planning and executing tasks, pay attention to details, and demonstrate a strong sense of responsibility. They tend to be reliable, punctual, and committed to meeting deadlines.
Conscientiousness is often associated with traits such as self-discipline, goal-directed behavior, and a strong work ethic. Individuals high in conscientiousness are more likely to follow through on their commitments, demonstrate strong organizational skills, and prioritize tasks effectively.
It's important to note that personality traits can vary among individuals, and someone's level of conscientiousness may fall along a continuum from low to high.
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What major trends do you see happening in retailing today? Do you see retailing affected by the growth of online and mobile shopping? Do you see recent changes in the marketing environment due to factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic or social justice issues?
The retail industry is currently experiencing several major trends. The growth of online and mobile shopping has significantly impacted traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, leading to a shift in consumer behavior and preferences. Moreover, recent changes in the marketing environment, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and social justice issues, have further shaped the retail landscape. These factors have accelerated the adoption of e-commerce, highlighted the importance of digital marketing strategies, and emphasized the need for brands to align with social values to maintain customer loyalty and relevance.
The retail industry is undergoing significant changes driven by various trends. One of the most prominent trends is the growth of online and mobile shopping. With the increasing accessibility and convenience of e-commerce platforms and mobile applications, consumers have shifted towards online shopping, which has disrupted traditional brick-and-mortar retailers. This trend has forced retailers to adapt their strategies to incorporate digital channels, improve their online presence, and provide seamless omnichannel experiences to meet customer expectations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online shopping even further. Lockdowns and social distancing measures prompted consumers to rely more on e-commerce for their shopping needs. Retailers had to quickly pivot their operations to cater to the surge in online demand and implement safety protocols. Additionally, the pandemic highlighted the importance of robust supply chain management and the need for retailers to be agile and adaptable in responding to unforeseen challenges.
Another significant trend impacting retailing is the increasing emphasis on social justice issues. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the social and environmental impacts of their purchases, leading to a growing demand for sustainable and ethically sourced products. Brands are now expected to align with social values and promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. Retailers that effectively address these issues and authentically incorporate them into their marketing strategies can build stronger connections with customers and enhance brand loyalty.
In summary, the major trends in retailing today revolve around the growth of online and mobile shopping, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer behavior and operations, and the increasing focus on social justice issues. These trends have reshaped the retail landscape, necessitating a digital-first approach, a customer-centric mindset, and a commitment to social responsibility. Retailers that adapt to these trends and leverage them as opportunities for innovation and differentiation are more likely to thrive in the evolving retail industry.
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Cost $100
Price $200
Salvage Value $50
Demand Normally Distributed Average
Demand 1,000 units
Demand STD 80 units
What is the Optimal Service Level?
What Z should be used given the Optimal Service Level?
What is the Marginal Cost?
What is the Marginal Benefit?
The optimal service level is approximately 97.72%. The corresponding Z-value to achieve this service level is approximately 1.88. The marginal cost is $100 in this case. The marginal benefit is the difference between the price and the cost which is $100.
To determine the optimal service level, we need to calculate the corresponding Z-value based on the demand distribution.
The Z-value represents the number of standard deviations from the mean, and it helps us determine the desired level of stockouts or shortage. The formula to calculate Z is:
Z = (demand - average demand) / demand STD
Substituting the given values:
Demand = 1,000 units (average demand)
Demand STD = 80 units
Z = (1,000 - 1,000) / 80
= 0 / 80
= 0
To find the optimal service level, we can use the Z-table to determine the probability associated with the Z-value. The optimal service level is the complement of the probability of a stockout, which can be calculated as:
Optimal Service Level = 1 - probability of stockout
Looking up the Z-table for Z = 0, we find that the corresponding probability is 0.5. Therefore, the optimal service level is 1 - 0.5 = 0.5, or 50%.
The marginal cost is the cost of holding one additional unit of inventory. In this case, the cost is given as $100, so the marginal cost is $100.
The marginal benefit is the profit earned from selling one additional unit of inventory. It is equal to the price minus the cost. Given that the price is $200 and the cost is $100, the marginal benefit is $200 - $100 = $100.
Therefore, the optimal service level is approximately 97.72%, the corresponding Z-value is approximately 1.88, the marginal cost is $100, and the marginal benefit is $100. These values help in understanding the trade-offs and decision-making related to inventory management.
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Paradise Foods Inc. sells canned fish. Monthly sales for a 7-month period are as follows: Month Sales (1000 units) Feb 21 Mar 19 Apr May Jun Jul Aug 15 21 18 22 20 Forecast sales for September using each of the following approaches: 1) Naive Forecasting (2 mark) 2) Weighted Moving Averages using 0.6, 0.3 and 0.1 as weights (4 marks) 3) Exponential Smoothing with a smoothing constant of 0.2, assuming a March forecast of 19000 units (6 marks) 4) Linear Regression (6 marks) 5) Which method do you consider the least appropriate? Why? (2 mark) The following table shows data on the average number of customers processed by several vehicle service units each day. The hourly wage rate is $25, the overhead rate is 1.0 times labor cost, and material cost is $5 per customer. Unit Employee Customers Processed/Day A 5 38 B 6 41 C 7 56 D 3 20 a) Compute multifactor productivity for each unit. Use an 8-hour day for multifactor productivity. (3 marks) b) If Unit B is able to increase its number of customers processed per day from 41 to 55, what will its new multifactor productivity be? (3 marks) c) What is the percentage change in factor productivity? (4 marks)
1) Naive Forecasting: The forecasted sales for September using the naive forecasting approach would be 20,000 units.
2) Least Appropriate Method: Linear regression would be the least appropriate method in this case due to missing data points.
1) Naive Forecasting:
To forecast sales for September using the naive forecasting approach, we assume that the sales for September will be equal to the sales in August. According to the given data, the sales in August were 20,000 units.
Therefore, the forecasted sales for September using the naive forecasting approach would be 20,000 units.
2) Weighted Moving Averages:
To forecast sales for September using weighted moving averages, we need to calculate the average sales based on the given weights.
Weighted Average = (Weight1 * Sales1) + (Weight2 * Sales2) + (Weight3 * Sales3)
Using the weights provided (0.6, 0.3, 0.1), and the sales data for June, July, and August (22, 20, 15), the calculation would be as follows:
Weighted Average = (0.6 * 15,000) + (0.3 * 22,000) + (0.1 * 20,000)
Weighted Average = 9,000 + 6,600 + 2,000
Weighted Average = 17,600
Therefore, the forecasted sales for September using the weighted moving averages approach would be 17,600 units.
3) Exponential Smoothing:
To forecast sales for September using exponential smoothing with a smoothing constant of 0.2, assuming a March forecast of 19,000 units, we need to apply the exponential smoothing formula:
Forecasted Sales = Previous Forecast + (Smoothing Constant * (Actual Sales - Previous Forecast))
Using the given data, let's calculate the forecasted sales for September:
March Forecast: 19,000 units
Forecast for April = 19,000 + (0.2 * (21,000 - 19,000)) = 19,400
Forecast for May = 19,400 + (0.2 * (19,000 - 19,400)) = 19,320
Forecast for June = 19,320 + (0.2 * (22,000 - 19,320)) = 19,726
Forecast for July = 19,726 + (0.2 * (20,000 - 19,726)) = 19,845.2
Forecast for August = 19,845.2 + (0.2 * (15,000 - 19,845.2)) = 18,996.96
Therefore, the forecasted sales for September using exponential smoothing would be approximately 18,997 units.
4) Linear Regression:
To forecast sales for September using linear regression, we need to analyze the trend in sales over the given months and establish a linear relationship between the month and the sales.
Performing linear regression on the given data would involve fitting a line to the sales data points and then using that line to forecast the sales for September.
The data for April and May are missing, so it's not possible to perform linear regression based on the given data.
5) Least Appropriate Method:
Based on the available information, it seems that the linear regression method would be the least appropriate in this case. Since we are missing data for two consecutive months (April and May), it becomes challenging to establish a reliable linear relationship between the month and the sales. Linear regression requires a continuous sequence of data points, which is not available in this scenario.
Moving averages and exponential smoothing methods are more suitable for forecasting in this case, as they can take into account the available data points and provide reasonable estimates based on historical patterns.
a) Multifactor productivity for each unit:
To calculate the multifactor productivity, we divide the total output by the total inputs used. In this case, the inputs include labor cost and material cost.
Unit A: Multifactor productivity = Output / (Labor Cost + Material Cost) = 38 / (5 * $25 + $5) = 38 / $130 = 0.292
Unit B: Multifactor productivity = Output / (Labor Cost + Material Cost) = 41 / (6 * $25 + $5) = 41 / $155 = 0.265
Unit C: Multifactor productivity = Output / (Labor Cost + Material Cost) = 56 / (7 * $25 + $5) = 56 / $180 = 0.311
Unit D: Multifactor productivity = Output / (Labor Cost + Material Cost) = 20 / (3 * $25 + $5) = 20 / $80 = 0.25
b) If Unit B is able to increase its number of customers processed per day from 41 to 55, the new multifactor productivity would be calculated as follows:
New Multifactor productivity for Unit B = Output / (Labor Cost + Material Cost) = 55 / (6 * $25 + $5) = 55 / $155 = 0.355
c) To determine the percentage change in factor productivity, we can calculate the difference between the initial and new multifactor productivity, divide it by the initial productivity, and multiply by 100:
Percentage Change = ((New Productivity - Initial Productivity) / Initial Productivity) * 100
Percentage Change = ((0.355 - 0.265) / 0.265) * 100 = (0.09 / 0.265) * 100 = 33.96%
Therefore, the percentage change in factor productivity for Unit B would be approximately 33.96%.
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Dontae’s employer has offered him the following employment package.
Salary $ 630,000
Health insurance 21,500
Dental insurance 1,350
Membership to Heflin Country Club 19,400
Season tickets to Atlanta Braves games 6,300
Tuition reimbursement for graduate courses 4,750
Housing allowance (for a McMansion in his
neighborhood of choice) 43,500
What is Dontae’s gross income from his employment?
Dontae's gross income from his employment is $726,800.
Dontae's gross income from his employment can be calculated by summing up all the components of his employment package.
Salary: $630,000,Health insurance: $21,500,Dental insurance: $1,350 ,Membership to Heflin Country Club: $19,400,Season tickets to Atlanta Braves games: $6,300,Tuition reimbursement for graduate courses: $4,750,Housing allowance: $43,500
Gross income = Salary + Health insurance + Dental insurance + Country club membership + Braves tickets + Tuition reimbursement + Housing allowance
Gross income = $630,000 + $21,500 + $1,350 + $19,400 + $6,300 + $4,750 + $43,500
Gross income = $726,800
Therefore, Dontae's gross income from his employment is $726,800.
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Silver Company makes a product that is very popular as a Mother's Day gift. Thus, peak sales occur in May of each year. These peak sales are shown in the following sales budget for the second quarter:
The sales budget for the second quarter shows the peak sales of Silver Company's popular Mother's Day gift, which occur in May. The sales budget provides a projection of the company's expected sales revenue for each month of the second quarter.
The detailed breakdown of sales allows the company to plan and allocate resources effectively, ensuring sufficient production and inventory levels to meet customer demand during this peak period.
A sales budget is a financial plan that outlines the projected sales revenue for a specific period. In this case, the sales budget focuses on the second quarter, with a particular emphasis on May, when peak sales for Silver Company's Mother's Day gift occur.
The sales budget provides a month-by-month breakdown of the expected sales units and the corresponding sales revenue.
By analyzing the sales budget, Silver Company can anticipate and prepare for the surge in demand during the month of May.
It helps the company plan production schedules, manage inventory levels, allocate resources efficiently, and ensure customer satisfaction by meeting the increased demand for their popular product during the peak sales period.
By having a clear sales budget, Silver Company can make informed business decisions and implement strategies to maximize sales and revenue during the second quarter, specifically focusing on meeting customer needs during the Mother's Day gift season.
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Recently your project had a problem, you were required to make a root cause analysis. This analysis is important to identify the greatest opportunity for improvement.
Based on an construction project, prepare a complete pareto chart and analyse the frequency of causes. Suggest how to encounter it.
The Pareto chart and analysis are valuable tools for identifying the most significant causes and developing targeted improvement strategies.
Mitigate high-frequency causes: Focus on resolving the causes that occur most frequently, as they have the greatest impact on the project. This might involve implementing better quality control processes, improving communication channels, or providing additional training to workers.
Prioritize high-impact causes: If certain causes have a significant impact on the project, even if they occur less frequently, address them with urgency. Allocate appropriate resources, revise plans, or consider alternative approaches to mitigate their effects.
Continuous improvement: Establish a culture of continuous improvement within the construction project. Encourage feedback from team members, promote open communication, and conduct regular evaluations to identify emerging causes or trends that could affect future projects.
Collaborative problem-solving: Encourage collaboration among all project stakeholders, including contractors, architects, engineers, and suppliers.
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If the theoretical forward price is 958.47 and the current bond
price is 1000, can an arbitrage opportunity occur if the real
forward price is 900
An arbitrage opportunity cannot occur if the real forward price is 900 and the current bond price is 1000.Arbitrage opportunities arise when there is a discrepancy in prices between different markets or instruments, allowing traders to make risk-free profits.
In this case, if the theoretical forward price is 958.47 and the real forward price is 900, there is a difference between the two forward prices. However, the current bond price of 1000 does not align with either of the forward prices, indicating that the market is not in a state of arbitrage.
To explain further, if the real forward price were lower than the current bond price, an arbitrage opportunity would exist for traders to buy the bond at a lower price and lock in a higher selling price in the future. Conversely, if the real forward price were higher than the current bond price, traders could sell the bond at a higher price and then buy it back at a lower price in the future. However, in this scenario, the bond price of 1000 does not align with either forward price, eliminating the possibility of arbitrage.
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International agreements are becoming less important with the deregulation of air transport systems, making it more difficult for governments to control routes, fares and volumes of traffic on flights within and across their borders. Which of the following is not a feature of deregulation?
a. Favouring the development of low-cost carriers (LCC) on busy routes
b. Encouraging the growth of regional airlines and airports
c. Leading to the building of strategic alliances
d. Restricting development of new airport infrastructure for social and environmental reasons
e. Encouraging competition
The correct answer is (d) Restricting development of new airport infrastructure for social and environmental reasons is not a feature of deregulation.
Deregulation of air transport systems typically promotes competition, encourages the growth of regional airlines and airports, and fosters the development of strategic alliances among airlines. It also favors the development of low-cost carriers (LCC) on busy routes, as they can offer competitive fares and attract more passengers. However, deregulation does not involve restricting the development of new airport infrastructure for social and environmental reasons.
In fact, the deregulation of air transport often leads to increased demand for air travel, which may necessitate the expansion or construction of new airports to accommodate the growing volume of traffic. While environmental and social factors may be considered during the planning and construction of new airport infrastructure, they are not inherent features of deregulation itself.
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Which of the following is considered Expansionary Fiscal Policy? a. Cutting government purchases (G) b. Increasing money supply c. Decreasing money supply
Increasing the money supply is considered Expansionary Fiscal Policy.
The term "expansionary fiscal policy" describes actions made by the government to boost aggregate demand and foster economic development. Usually, it entails raising taxes, decreasing spending, or doing both at once. Cutting government spending (G) is not consistent with expansionary fiscal policy in the scenarios provided.
The central bank (rather than the government) uses an expansionary monetary policy to increase the money supply in order to boost economic activity. The goal of the central bank is to increase economic growth by lowering interest rates, promoting lending and investment, and encouraging consumer spending.
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The stockholders’ equity section of Warm Ways Inc.’s balance sheet at January 1, 20X1, shows: Preferred stock, $100 par value, 10% dividend, 50,000 shares issued and outstanding $ 5,000,000 Common stock, $6 par value, 1 million shares issued and outstanding 6,000,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par 119,000,000 Retained earnings 50,000,000 Total stockholders’ equity $ 180,000,000 Warm Ways (a fictional company) reported net income of $9,250,000 for 20X1, declared and paid the preferred stock cash dividend, and declared and paid a $0.25 per share cash dividend on 1 million shares of common stock. The company also declared and distributed a 10% stock dividend on its common shares. When the stock dividend was declared, 1 million common shares were outstanding, and the market price of common stock was $135 per share.
Required:
Prepare journal entries to record the three dividend "events" that took place during 20X1.
If the company’s common stock was valued at $135 per share when the stock dividend was declared, what would the stock price be just after the dividend
shares were distributed?
Total market value after the dividend distribution: $135 million (remains the same as the market value is proportional to the total market capitalization, not the number of shares)
Journal Entries for Dividend Events
1. To record the payment of preferred stock cash dividend:
Retained Earnings 500,000 (50,000 shares x $100 par value x 10% dividend)
Preferred Stock Dividends Payable 500,000
2. To record the payment of cash dividend on common stock:
Retained Earnings 250,000 (1 million shares x $0.25 dividend per share)
Common Stock Dividends Payable 250,000
3. To record the declaration and distribution of the stock dividend:
Retained Earnings 1,000,000 (1 million shares x $6 par value)
Common Stock Dividends Distributable 1,000,000
Common Stock Dividends Distributable 1,000,000
Common Stock 1,000,000 (1 million shares x $6 par value)
Calculation of Stock Price after Dividend Distribution:
Before the stock dividend, there were 1 million common shares outstanding. After the dividend, the number of common shares will increase by 10%.
10% of 1 million shares = 100,000 shares (stock dividend)
Total shares after the stock dividend: 1 million shares + 100,000 shares = 1,100,000 shares
The market value of the common stock was $135 per share when the stock dividend was declared. To determine the stock price just after the dividend shares were distributed, we need to calculate the new market value per share:
Total market value before the dividend distribution: 1 million shares x $135 = $135 million
Total market value after the dividend distribution: $135 million (remains the same as the market value is proportional to the total market capitalization, not the number of shares
New stock price per share: $135 million / 1,100,000 shares = $122.73 per share (rounded to two decimal places)
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