Similar features that have a different evolutionary origin are frequently referred to as analogous features. Because it depends on the mitotic process, this kind of reproduction is comparable to human growth.
What is mitosis?The process of mitosis promotes growth in human cells. It is a process that involves the division of cells, but it also ensures expansion by multiplying existing cells. The cell itself will divide, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells that are identical in their composition.
Analogous characteristics are sometimes referred to as features that perform the same job but have a distinct evolutionary origin. For example, the wings of insects and birds perform the same purpose but have a different evolutionary origin. Due to the fact that it is dependent on the mitotic process, this mode of reproduction is comparable to the process of growth in humans.
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what are the independent,dependent, and controlled variables
Then the independent variable is the pH level.
The dependent variable is enzyme activity or reaction rate.
The controlled variable is the enzyme concentration.
Independent variables are plotted on the x-axis. The dependent variable that varies with the independent variable is plotted on the y-axis. Because control variables do not change, they are usually not graphed. It depends on other factors.
The test result can be the dependent variable because it can vary depending on several factors, for example, How much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before the test, or how hungry you were when you took the test. A control variable is one that is held constant or finite in a research study. This is a controlled variable because it is not relevant to the purpose of the study, but may affect the results.
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All plant life cycles consist of an alternation of generations. What is the haploid stage of a plant life cycle called?.
The haploid stage of a plant life cycle called Gametophyte
What is alternation of generation ?In the course of their life cycle, plants alternate between two separate life stages, or generations, the gametophyte, a haploid stage, and the sporophyte, a diploid stage.
The haploid gametophyte stage and the diploid sporophyte stage are the two separate life stages, or generations, that plants alternate between throughout their life cycle as a result of the alternation of generations. The number of chromosomes each cell possesses is indicated by the phrases haploid and diploid.Gametophyte is the name for the haploid (n) stage of the alternation of generations life cycle. The gametophyte stage can also be thought of as the sexual stage because it will produce gametes, or sex cells. The chromosome at this stage has just one set.Learn more about Alternation of generation here:
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researcher wish to locate a gene on a chromosome in relation to another gene that they have already cloned. which of the following techniques could they use to determine the exact relationship in terms of the number of base pairs between the two genes?
Answer: genotyping pcr
Explanation:
if a muscle cell is stimulated to contract, allowed to partially relax, then stimulated again, its force of contraction the second time will be .
If a muscle cell is stimulated to contract, allowed to partially relax, then stimulated again, its force of contraction the second time will be higher.
A single motor unit could be gradually stimulated with increasingly higher frequency action potentials to increase the contraction the muscle produces. Wave summation is the name for this phenomena. A condition known as tetanus would eventually result from the frequency of action potentials becoming so high that there would be no time for the muscle to relax between each successive stimulus.
Motor units activate asynchronously when a muscle contracts, which means that one contracts first, then another does so a split second later before the first has time to relax, and so on. Therefore, the entire muscle contraction is very smooth and controlled rather than a quick movement.
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Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the.
The interphase lasts longer, occupying 90% to 95% of the lifetime of most cells.
What happens in interphase?In interphase, proteins and enzymes are created first to copy the cell's DNA, which is necessary for proper cell division, and then to permit mitosis, which is the process by which cells divide. These procedures need a lot of cellular energy and must proceed smoothly, which necessitates patience and accuracy. Once cell division begins, the majority of cellular activity are paused, allowing the cell to successfully divide into two while disregarding other tasks.
During this period, which nature has made relatively brief, the cell is fairly sensitive, resulting in the production of two brand-new, fully developed, healthy daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.
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analyze the following components, and classify them according to whether they refer to the first, second, or third line of defense.
First line: Lacrimation, Keratin, Lysozyme, and Lactic Acid
Second line: fever, phagocytosis, inflammation, and interferons
T cells, B lymphocytes, and antibodies are the third line.
The second line of host defenses consists of which of the following?Following Line of Defense: Following a pathogen's entry into the host, innate non-specific immune defenses offer quick local responses. Fever, phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages), inflammation, and interferon are a few examples.
What are the first and second lines of immunological protection?The physical barriers on the body's surface that stop viruses from entering are the first line of defense against infection. The non-specific phagocytes and other internal defensive systems that make up innate immunity serve as the second line of protection.
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explain how photosynthesis, cellular respiration, the carbon cycle, and climate change are all interconnected and related to each other.
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration both play an important role in the carbon cycle and contribute significantly to climate change.
The process of Photosynthesis is such that plants release O₂ into the air while taking in all the atmospheric CO₂. On the other hand, in cellular respiration, CO₂ is released into the air. This means that whatever carbon dioxide is released during cellular respiration gets taken in by the plants back during photosynthesis. Since Carbon is being recycled actively here, these two processes become a part of the carbon cycle.
If the number of humans significantly increases as compared to the number of plants, the amount of CO₂ released would be more. This would lead to an imbalance and increase in Carbon dioxide in the air which would, in turn, lead to a rise in temperature. This rise in temperature is what we mean when we say climate change. Therefore, all four processes mentioned are interconnected and related to each other.
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the development of a new species, as a result of a population changing its genetic makeup, in response to differential reproduction of its members is encapsulated in the theory of .
The theory of evolution describes how a population's ability to adapt its genetic composition in response to members' differing rates of reproduction to create new species.
What is the creation of a new species known as?
Speciation is the process by which new plant or animal species are developed. When a group within a species separates from other members of its species and evolves its own special traits, this is known as speciation.
The process of evolution causes a population's genetic makeup to change over time.
Therefore, A new species changed genes, and novel features can arise as a result of an organism's adaptations to its environment.
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which of the following goes against the stimulus substitution model? a. the cs becomes a substitute for the us - maybe b. the us can determine the form of cr (conditioned response) c. the cs can determine the form of cr (conditioned response) d. the cr (conditioned response) is the same as the ur (unconditioned response)
The stimulus substitution paradigm is defied by the fact that the cr (resulting in the ability) and ur (unconditioned response) are identical.
Why is the traditional theory of Pavlov's conditioning referred to as the theory of stimulus substitution?According to Pavlov, training is the propensity to react to new stimuli in the same way that one has in the past rather than the learning of any new behavior. Thus, he proposed that in triggering the reflex response, the CS merely acts as the US's stand-in. The sensory theory of conditioning is the name given to this explanation.
What is the stimulus substitution theory's main flaw?A classical conditioning theory called the stimulus-substitution theory suggests that the CS functions as a replacement for the US. This theory's main flaw is that the CR or UR can occasionally diverge significantly.
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How do you find the rational roots of a function?.
The Rational Zeros Theorem
The Rational Zeros Theorem states:
If P(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients and if is a zero of P(x)
(P = 0), then p
is a factor of the constant term of P(x)
and q is a factor of the leading coefficient of P(x)
These are the following steps:
Order the polynomials in decreasing value.List each component of the constant phrase. These are all the p values that are conceivable.Record each component of the leading coefficient.Make a list of all possible values.To determine the values for which P() = 0, use synthetic division.To learn more about rational roots at:
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Describe how the antidote helped jared's cells make atp (include the etc and h+ gradient in your answer).
The ETC could get new electrons from NADH and move [tex]H^{+}[/tex] into the intermembrane space. Which is how Jared's cells were able to make ATP again.
An electron transport chain is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules that use redox reactions to transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors while also transporting protons across a membrane.
The electron transport chain (ETC) and chemiosmosis are two components of oxidative phosphorylation. The ETC is a collection of proteins and organic molecules bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane that electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions to release energy. The electron transport chain's primary function is to generate an electrochemical gradient. It is responsible for ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts during cellular respiration and photosynthesis, respectively. It is necessary for cellular respiration.
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If the frequency of pku, an autosomal recessive disease, is 1% in males, what is the frequency of females with pku?.
If the frequency of PKU, an autosomal recessive disease, is 1% in males, The frequency of females with PKU is 1%.
What is PKU?Phenylketonuria, also known as PKU, is a rare genetic disorder in which an amino acid called phenylalanine builds up in the body. PKU is caused by alterations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. PKU does not reduce life expectancy with or without treatment. Newborn screening for PKU is mandatory in all 50 states. Phenylketonuria is a genetic condition in which phenylalanine levels accumulate in the body.If left untreated, phenylketonuria can impair a person's cognitive development. Treatment with medication and/or dietary changes can help relieve symptoms.PKU is usually asymptomatic if treatment is started early.Without treatment, PKU can damage the brain and nervous system and lead to learning disabilities. Other symptoms of untreated PKU include: Behavioral difficulties, including frequent tantrums and episodes of self-harm.To learn more about PKU from the given link :
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During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and head towards opposite poles of the cell?.
approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of repetitive dna or transposable elements? 10 percent 5 percent 25 percent 1 percent 50 percent
50% of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA or transposable elements.
What is repetitive DNA?
Patters of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) occurring multiple times throughout the genome is called repetitive DNA. It was first discovered due to its rapid re-association kinetics.
A significant fraction of genomic DNA in many organisms is highly repetitive. In humans, over two thirds of the genomic sequence consists of repeated elements.
A high degree of polymorphism exists in these repeated sequences. This is because of the variation in the number of their repeated units often caused by mutations that involve several mechanisms.
An increase in repeated DNA sequences is followed by a number of genetic diseases. The fragile X syndrome is associated with the repeat sequence CpGpG. Other examples include huntington’s chorea (CAG), spinobulbar muscular dystrophy (CAG), etc.
So, about 50% of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA or transposable elements.
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One could argue that the use of divination- astrology, for example- is harmless entertainment. Are there negative consequences of living one's life relying on astrology, palm reading, fortune telling, tarot cards, etc.?
The negative consequences of living one's life relying on divination and astrology, palm reading, fortune telling, and tarot cards, include:
living a life based on fear and deceitplacing oneself under the influence of wicked spirits and demonsWhat are divination and astrology?Divination is the process by which a person seeks to have knowledge of the future by consulting spirits or individuals who claim to communicate with the spirits.
Astrology is the practice that involves the belief that the movement and positioning of the stars have influences on human lives.
The practice of divination and astrology is deeply rooted in demonism and spiritism. Hence, it in no way is harmless fun as some people view it to be today.
Demons and spirits are wicked and only wish to cause harm or deceive people.
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in a moment of danger, the autonomic nervous system activates the endocrine system to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. which part of the endocrine system releases these two hormones?
The epinephrine and norepinephrine released by the action of autonomic nervous system is released by the adrenal gland.
The autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system that is involved in the regulation of the involuntary actions of the body like digestion, respiration, heart contraction, etc. It is further divided into two types: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Adrenal glands are the small triangular shaped structures that are present above both the kidneys. The hormones produced by the adrenal glands are involved in the regulation of metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, etc. Cortisol is also a hormone released from the adrenal glands.
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10) which of the following is least likely to affect the vmax of an enzyme? a) a change in ph b) a change in temperature c) addition of a noncompetitive inhibitor d) addition of a competitive inhibitor e) addition of an irreversible inhibitor
The Vmax of an enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH.
Enzymes are proteins that act as organic catalysts by way of accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes can also act are referred to as substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into exceptional molecules known as products.
The six forms of enzymes are hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases. The enzyme Oxidoreductase catalyzes the oxidation response in which the electrons tend to travel from one form of a molecule to the other.
Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions inside the human frame. they may be important for breathing, digesting meals, and muscle and nerve features, among hundreds of different roles. each cellular within the human frame incorporates thousands of enzymes. Enzymes provide help with facilitating chemical reactions within each cellular.
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which statements are true of receptor-mediated endocytosis?
It allows the internalization of extracellular substances in clathrin-coated vesicles.
The process can be hijacked by viruses to gain entry into cells.
Internalized endocytic vesicles fuse with lysosomes, which can return empty receptors to the plasma membrane.
It allows cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) to be taken up by cells.
It allows hemoglobin to be taken up by immature red blood cells.
The statements that are true of receptor-mediated endocytosis is that It allows the internalization of extracellular substances in clathrin-coated vesicles.
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?Receptor-mediated endocytosis can as well be regarded as the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which can be explained as the process by which cells absorb metabolites as well as hormones, proteins.
It should be noted that in some cases of viruses through the inward budding of the plasma membrane, however the process of endocytosis” can be seen as one that entails both the ingestion of large particles whic could be bacteria as well as the uptake of fluids or macromolecules in small vesicles.
In conclusion, when it take in large moplecules it is known as phagocytosis (cell eating) , in receptor-mediated endocytosis , there is a room for the internalization of extracellular substances in clathrin-coated vesicles.
Therefore, the first option is correct.
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ovoviviparity is found in multiple choice reptiles. mammals. mollies and guppies. marsupials. birds.
Ovoviviparity is found in birds.
What is Ovoviviparity ?Ovoviviparous, ovoviviparous, ovoviviparous, or placenta-viviparous are terms used as the 'bridge mode' of reproduction between ovoviviparous and viviparous reproduction. Ovoviviparity animals have embryos that develop in eggs that remain in the mother's body until ready to hatch people. Like most mammals, humans are viviparous animals. Humans reproduce by internal fertilization. As in all higher mammals, the egg implants in the uterine wall during development.Ovoviviparity typically indicates internal fertilization of the egg by copulation. For example, male sharks pierce females with their claws to release sperm. Fertilization of an egg occurs when it continues to develop within the fallopian tube and is nourished by the yolk of the egg.To learn more about Ovoviviparity from the given link :
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How many degrees of freedom are there in a chi-squared analysis of phenotype frequencies in the offspring from a dihybrid cross?.
3 degrees of freedom can be derived from the Chi-squared analysis of phenotype frequencies from a dihybrid cross.
The degrees of freedom in a Chi-squared table tells us how many numbers in the Chi grid are free/independent. It can be found out by the formula
d(f) = N - 1
Here
d(f) = Degrees of freedom
N = number of phenotype frequencies
Since there can be 4 possible phenotype frequencies in a dihybrid cross
d(f) = 4 - 1 = 3
Chi-square table actually serves as a source of reference that enlists the chi-square values which is used by statisticians to support their individual hypothesis. In a Chi-squared test the p value equal to or less than the significance level proves that there is ample evidence to prove that the distribution observed is not the same as distribution expected.
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A punnett square has rows and columns which represent gametes made by females and males, correspondingly. At the intersection of each row and column we combine the corresponding gametes to produce the genotype of a potential.
In order to determine a possible zygote's genotype, we combine the corresponding gametes at the intersection of the each row and column.
When does a zygote transform into an embryo?The creature is referred to as an embryo throughout this period, which lasts from two weeks following conception until the eighth week. 1 The fetal phase starts at the ninth week after conception.
what is A human zygote ?A zygote is the embryonic stage of a new human (i.e., an embryo). A secondary egg that has been impregnated by a sperm is referred to as a "fertilized ovum," and once fertilization is complete, this oocyte develops into a zygote."
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How would you predict that doubling the atmospheric co2 concentration would affect c3 plants?.
You would predict that doubling the atmospheric [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] concentration would affect C3 plants as compared to C4 plants, C3 plants would experience faster growth rates.
Given that increase [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] causes a decrease in transpiration and an increase in [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] assimilation, it has been hypothesized that an increase [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] will increase the water use efficiency (WUE) of C3 species. Increasing the rate of photosynthesis is how C3 plants react to rising [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] levels.
Due to the higher concentration of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] , the enzyme RuBisCo, higher atmospheric [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] levels would cause C3 plants to fix [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] more effectively and reduce photorespiration. These plants would have faster growth rates due to their improved photosynthetic efficiency. Researchers claim that thicker leaves are a result of high [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] levels in plants, which could exacerbate the effects of climate change.
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ii) What name is given to the process by which Lance's maize plants absorb the
mineral salts from the soil?
Answer:
active transport
Explanation:
Solution: Osmosis, diffusion, and active transport are the three processes by which plants can absorb water and other minerals of the soil.
genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs are referred to as group of answer choices copy number variations polymorphic autosomes polygenic
Genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs are referred to as copy number variations.
The genetic characteristic comprising the quantity of a specific gene present in an individual's DNA. Copy number variants is another term for genetic variations, which includes insertions, deletions, and duplications of DNA sequences.
Sections of the genome are repeated, and the amount of repeats varies from person to person. This phenomenon is known as copy number variation. A form of structural variation known as copy number variation involves a significant number of base pairs being affected by a duplication or deletion event.
Disorders associated with copy number variation (CNV) result from an imbalance in the dosage of one or more genes caused by deletions, duplications, or other genomic rearrangements that result in the gain or loss of genetic material.
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In one or two sentences explain the flow of energy in the food chain and why stored energy is an important part of it.
Energy in the ecosystem flow from one trophic level to other trophic level.
What is energy in ecosystem?
An ecosystem's feeding linkages are modeled by a food web. The materials and energy kept in a living thing's tissues are transferred to the organism that consumes it when it is eaten. This transfer is shown by the arrows in a food web.
Only 10% of the total energy available at a given trophic level is typically transmitted to the next level in most ecosystems. The remainder is either absorbed in little amounts or is needed to power various life processes.
Producers, or autotrophs, make their own organic molecules. Consumers, or heterotrophs, get organic molecules by eating other organisms. A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.
Therefore, Energy in the ecosystem flow from one trophic level to other trophic level.
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I need help on all of these
What will happen when the ribosome shifts one codon further on the mrna, assuming the next codon is not a stop codon?.
The tRNA at the A position of the preceding diagram will be kicked out of the ribosome. The ribosome will join with a brand-new tRNA.
provide an example of a codon.An example of a codon is the string AUG, which stands for amino homocysteine. The AUG codon, that not only specifies the methionine amino acid but also marks the start of a protein, is the first codon in every messenger RNA.
Definitions of codons and anticodonsDuring translation, an mRNA codon is a sextuplets or triple-nucleotide pattern that codes for a particular amine group. The anticodon, a three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA, binds to the proper mRNA sequence. Which amino acid the tRNA molecule transports is determined by the anticodon.
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According to the central dogma, what molecule should go in the blank? dna → _____ → proteins.
According to the central dogma, DNA → RNA → PROTEINS.
The central dogma depicts the replication of DNA, the transcription of DNA into RNA, and the translation of RNA into proteins as well as the flow of genetic information inside cells.
Through the framework, the idea of a series of interactions can be realized. Among the most prevalent are biopolymers. Proteins, RNA, and DNA make up the main group of biopolymers; these three are further broken down into general transfers, unidentified transfers, and special transfers.
In a rare circumstance in the lab, special transfers take place. Almost all cells engage in general transfer. It talks about how information is consistently translated and transcribed. There are claims that unknown transfers never happen.
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Write the complementary strand for the following dna sequence; g c g t a t g c a g g t.
The complementary strand for the given DNA sequence will be C-G-C-A-T-A-C-G-T-C-C-A
A copy of a section of a DNA strand is known as complementary DNA (cDNA). For instance, the complementary sequence will be TAA if the original DNA stand had the sequence ATT. The corresponding location on the DNA strand will attract the cDNA.The base pairing and polarity rules must be observed by the complementary strand of DNA. In a pairing, A=T and G=C are equal. Because of their polarity, the strands must move in opposing directions. Prior to labelling the 5′ and 3′ ends, write the correct base pairing beneath the original sequence.In DNA, the bases pair like this:
A with T and C with G. So, for this strand: G-C-G-T-A-T-G-C-A-G-G-T, the complementary DNA strand: C-G-C-A-T-A-C-G-T-C-C-A.
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The development of pubic hair, though located around the external genitalia which are involved in reproduction, is still considered to be a __________ sexual characteristic.
Answer:
secondary
Explanation:
they are considered secondary and or non- secondary because they are features on both sexes
