The accident theory divides an accident into three phases: pre-contact, contact, and post-contact is the domino theory.
What is the domino theory?The domino theory is a geopolitical theory that holds that changes in democracy in one country have a domino impact on surrounding countries.
The multiple-factor theory examines not just the three domino theory phases—precontact, contact, and post-contact—but also additional elements that influence an accident, such as management, machine, media, and man.
Therefore, the domino theory separates an accident into three phases: pre-contact, contact, and post-contact.
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which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils? igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic?
The correct response is b. sedimentary. Igneous rock, metamorphic rock, and sedimentary rock are the three basic categories of rock. Sedimentary rock preserves almost all fossils.
Sedimentary rocks are a class of rock created by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at the Earth's surface, followed by cementation. The mechanisms that lead to these particles settling in one location are collectively known as sedimentation. Sediment is the collective name for the tiny pieces that make up sedimentary rocks. It can be made up of biological or geological waste, such as minerals (organic matter). The formation of the geological debris resulted from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks or from the solidification of molten lava blobs that volcanoes had released. Water, wind, ice, or mass movement, together known as agents of denudation, convey the geological debris to the site of deposition. The bodies and pieces of dead aquatic species suspended in water and slowly accumulating on the bottom of water bodies, primarily their shells and feces, are known as biological detritus (marine snow). Sedimentation can also happen when dissolved minerals precipitate out of water.
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Find the size of angle xyz. Give your answer to 1 decimal place. Z 15 cm x 6 cm y.
Applying trigonometry ratio, the measure of angle XYZ in triangle XYZ, to 1 decimal place is 66.4°.
What is trigonometry ratio?Trigonometric ratios are the ratios of a right triangle's sides. The sine (sin), cosine (cos), and tangent are three often used trigonometric ratios (tan).The term "sohcahtoa" aids in recalling the meanings of sine, cosine, and tangent.Check your understanding of the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant.Instance 1 Find the trigonometric ratios tan, sin, and cos in the right-angled triangle ABC, where the right angle at B is, and if ACB =. Hypotenuse AC = 10, base BC = 8, and perpendicular AB = 6. The correct answer is that the triangle's sin, cos, and tan values are 3/5, 4/5, and 3/4, respectively.Given data :
angle XYZ = Ф
Hypotenuse = 15 cm
Adjacent = 6 cm
The trigonometry ratio we would apply is CAH. Which is:
CosФ = Adjacent / Hypotenuse
CosФ = 6 / 15 = 0.4
Ф = [tex]CosФ^{-1}[/tex] ( 6 / 15 )
Ф = 66.4°
Therefore, applying trigonometry ratio, the measure of angle XYZ in triangle XYZ, to 1 decimal place is 66.4°.
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oncrete is being placed during cold weather when the temperature is above 40 degrees. according to the american concrete institute, if the concrete is heated, which is the recommended minimum curing time?
The recommended minimum curing time is 5 days is required at 50 degrees F or 3 days at 70 degrees.
Unknown is the initial rationale behind the degree's selection as a rotational and angular measurement unit. According to one explanation, the reason is because there are roughly 360 days in a year. The sun appears to move forward in its route by around one degree per day, according to ancient astronomers, as it follows the ecliptic path throughout the course of the year. A year was divided into 360 days in some historic calendars, including the Persian and Babylonian calendars. It's possible that the use of sexagesimal numbers and a calendar with 360 days are related.
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Concrete is being placed during cold weather when the temperature is above 40 degrees. According to the American Concrete Institute, if the concrete is heated, which is true about the effect on the minimum curing time?
overhead branch-circuit conductors, where the voltage does not exceed 150 volts to ground, nominal, shall have a minimum overhead clearance of ? when crossing over a sidewalk.
Overhead branch-circuit conductors, where the voltage does not exceed 150 volts to ground, nominal, shall have a minimum overhead clearance of 10 ft (3.0m) when crossing over a sidewalk.
What is circuit conductor?A substance or material that permits electricity to flow through it is known as a conductor or electrical conductor. When voltage is applied, the electrical charge carriers—typically electrons or ions—in a conductor move effortlessly from atom to atom. The majority of metals, such as copper, are thought to be good conductors, whereas nonmetals, or insulators, are thought to be poor conductors.
The ability of a substance to transmit heat or electricity is referred to as conductivity in general. A conductor is able to move electrons through it with little to no resistance, allowing electricity to flow through it. Ordinarily, good electrical conductors include metals, metal alloys, electrolytes, even some nonmetals like graphite and liquids like water. Among the best electrical conductors is pure elemental silver.
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Given four values representing counts of quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies, output the total amount as dollars and cents. Output each floating-point value with two digits after the decimal point, which can be achieved as follows: print(f'Amount: ${dollars:.2f}')
We combine multiplication and addition to translate the inputs to dollars and cents.
The Python program that uses comments to describe each line is as follows:
The number of quarters is input here.
Quarters = int("Quarters: ")
#This is given the input of the amount of dimes.
dime = int("Dimes: ") input
This takes as input the quantity of nickels.
nickels = int("Nickels: ") input
This is given the input of how many pence.
pennies = int("Pennies: ") input
Using this, the sum is changed to dollars and cents.
Dollars equal quarters times 0.25, dime times 0.10, nickel times 0.05, and penny times 0.01
#This displays the amount with two digits.
format(dollars) print("Amount $:.2f".Amount)
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Feature engineering identifies and mines specific attributes and variables of a data set to facilitate which types of data analytics?
Predictive and advanced analytics.
Prescriptive and descriptive analytics.
Descriptive and predictive analytics.
Prescriptive and advanced analytics.
Feature engineering identifies and mines specific attributes and variables of a data set to facilitate; Predictive and advanced analytics.
Feature engineering is the process of identifying and mining specific attributes and variables of a data set to facilitate various types of data analytics. The goal of feature engineering is to identify the most important and relevant information in the data and to extract and transform it into a format that can be used for predictive and advanced analytics.
Predictive analytics is a type of data analysis that uses statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to predict future outcomes based on historical data. Predictive analytics can be used for a wide range of applications, such as forecasting sales, identifying potential fraud, or predicting customer churn. Feature engineering can help to identify the most relevant variables and attributes in the data that can be used to train predictive models and make accurate predictions.
Advanced analytics is a broader term that encompasses a variety of techniques, such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and deep learning. These techniques can be used for a wide range of applications, such as image recognition, natural language processing, and anomaly detection. Feature engineering can also be useful in advanced analytics, as it can help to identify the most important variables and attributes in the data that can be used to train advanced models and make accurate predictions.
On the other hand, prescriptive analytics and descriptive analytics, don't rely on feature engineering as much as predictive and advanced analytics do. Prescriptive analytics is a type of data analysis that uses mathematical algorithms, optimization, and simulation to generate recommendations and make decisions. Descriptive analytics is a type of data analysis that is used to summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set. In both cases, the data is mostly used as it is, without the need of extensive feature engineering.
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Edit the program provided so that it receives a series of numbers from the user and allows the user to press the enter key to indicate that he or she is finished providing inputs. After the user presses the enter key, the program should print: 1 # Edit the 2. 3 theSum = 0. 4 data inpu 5 while data 6 number 7 theSum 8 data = 9 print("The 1. The sum of the numbers 2. The average of the numbers An example of the program input and output is shown below: Enter a number or press Enter to a uit: 1 Enter a number or press Enter to a uit: 2 Enter a number or press Enter to 4 uit: 3 Enter a number or press Enter to a uit: The sun is 6.0 The average is 2.0 2 1. The sum of the numbers 2. The average of the numbers 3 theSum = 4 data i 5 while da 6 numb thes 8 data 9 print("T 7 An example of the program input and output is shown below: Enter a number or press Enter to 4 uit: 1 Enter a number or press Enter to a uit: 2 Enter a number or press Enter to a uit: 3 Enter a number or press Enter to a uit: The sum is 6.0 The average is 2.0 Grading sum.py + ers umbers 1 # Edit the code below 2 3 theSum = 0.0 4 data = input("Enter a number: ") 5 while data != ": 6 number = float(data) 7 theSum += number 8 data = input("Enter the next number: ") 9 print("The sum is", theSum) -am input ow: Es Enter to a ss Enter to a ess Enter to a ess Enter to a mpleted your Submit button to 22
Change the given program so that it accepts a string of numbers from the user and enables the user to press the enter key to signal the completion of inputs.
count = 0, data = input, and theSum = 0. ("Enter a number or press Enter ro quit: ") number = float while data!="" (data) Number count plus one plus theSum equals input ("Enter a number or press Enter ro quit: ") print() print("The sum is",theSum) ("The sum is",theSum) print(theSum/count, "The average is",
Enter a number or press Enter to quit: 1
Enter a number or press Enter to quit: 2
Enter a number or press Enter to quit: 3
Enter a number or press Enter to quit:
The sum is 6.0
The average is 2.0
Like an integer and a floating point unit, a string is a form of data used in programming, although it represents text rather than numbers. It consists of a string of characters that may also include spaces and numerals. An illustration of a string is the word "hamburger" and the sentence "I ate 3 hamburgers." If provided properly, even "12345" could be regarded as a string. A string must typically be enclosed in quotation marks for the data to be recognized as a string and not a number or variable name.
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When a system has several control-sensing and response requirements, which is best to use
A. Electric control
B. Pneumatic control
C. Modulating control
D. Electronic control
The power transmitted by a shaft is 300 kW at 450 rpm. The maximum torque is 25% more than mean torque. The permissible shear stress for the shaft material is 42 N/mm². The twist in the shaft should not exceed 1.5° per meter length. Determine the diameter required, if a) the solid shaft b) the shaft is hollow with internal diameter is 0.5 times external diameter.
A 20-cm-radius ball is uniformly charged to 54 nC.
A) How much charge is enclosed by spheres of radii 5, 10, and 20 cm?
B) What is the electric field strength at points 5, 10, and 20 cm from the center?
The spheres with radii of 5, 10, and 20 cm contain 1.1 nC, 8.875 nC, and 54 nC amount of charge, respectively.
What amount will you be charged?The current flow and the amount of time it is poured determine how much charge passes a point in either an electric circuit. The amount charged is denoted by the letter Q and is expressed in coulombs (C).
Is the charge the current?The rate at which positive charge flows is called current. The movement of electrons, ions, as well as other particles can produce current. Since electrons have a negative charge, they move in the reverse direction from current.
charge density is,
ρ = q/V
q = magnitude of charge
V = volume of sphere
= (4/3)πr³
Radius; r = 20 cm
= 0.2 m
q = 54 nC
= 54 × 10⁹ C
At r = 5cm = 0.05 m
V = (4/3) × π × 0.05³
V = 0.0005236 m³
q = 2.1188 × 10^(-6) × 0.0005236
q = 1.1 × 10^(-9) C
= 1.1 nC
q = 2.1188 × 10⁻⁶ × 0.0041888
q = 8.875 × 10⁻⁹
= 8.875 nC
At r = 20 cm,
q = 54 nC
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A simple electric circuit consisting of a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor is depicted in Fig. P2.11. The charge on the capacitor q(t) as a function of time can be computed as
The correct response is B) L=20mH C=100F R=50V (314t) V 0 =10,
=314 X L
An inductive and a capacitive element are required in any resonant circuit, whether it is in series or parallel. Due to the source's internal resistance (Rs), the inductor's internal resistance (Rl), and any additional resistance used to modify the response curve's shape, a resistive element is always present (Rdesign).
=wL=3142010 3
=6.28, X C = C 1
=31.8,
Z = R 2 +(X C X L)
2
Power loss =56.1
P= 2 Z 2
V \s0 \s2 \s \s R \s \s
=0.79W
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For each of the seven devices in the circuit below, determine whether the device is a supplier or recipient of power, and how much power it is supplying or receiving?
Whether a slowly increasing market is preventing enterprises in the area from making a profit.
The specs give an explanation of the desired system's behaviors, attributes, or traits. Therefore, the main duty of the criteria is to ensure that all concerned parties understand them. The procedures involved in working with requirements include identification, analysis, verification, and management, among others. How do you format examples of requirements? The requirements must be clear, specific, condensed, and exhaustive. Make sure the requirements are concise, clear, and to the point while yet being able to capture the entire demand. Short sentences facilitate reading comprehension and make it simple to organize the demands. The specs give an explanation of the desired system's behaviors, attributes, or traits. Therefore, the main duty of the criteria is to ensure that all concerned parties understand them.
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The probability that Jay parks in a no-parking zone and gets a parking ticket is 0.06,
and the probability that Jay cannot find a legal parking space and has to park in the noparking zone is 0.20. On Tuesday, Jay arrives at school, find the probability that he will
get a parking ticket given that he has to park in a no-parking zone.
The probability that he will get a parking ticket given that he has to park in a no-parking zone is 0.3.
How to calculate the probability?The Probability simply means the chance that a particular thing or event will happen. It is the occurence of likely events. It is simply the area of mathematics that deals with the numerical estimates of the chance that an event will occur or that a particular statement is true.
In this case, the probability of an event us usually represented as a number between 0 and 1. In this case, 0 denotes the impossibility of the event and 1 represents certainty.
The probability that Jay parks in a no-parking zone and gets a parking ticket is 0.06,
and the probability that Jay cannot find a legal parking space and has to park in the noparking zone is 0.20.
The probability that he will get a parking ticket given that he has to park in a no-parking zone will be:
= 0.06 / 0.20
= 0.3
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You can expect a control system within a building to turn mechanical devices on and off and to adjust
A. the output of mechanical devices.
B. the level of noise.
C. the primary source of power.
D. settings when devices fail.
You can expect a control system within a building to turn mechanical devices on and off and to adjust the primary source of power. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
What are Mechanical devices?Mechanical devices may be characterized as those devices or instruments that have parts that move when it is working, often using power from an engine or from electricity.
HVAC control systems are used to control the operations of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment. An example of a control device is a thermostat. By lowering the thermostat, we control the functions of the air conditioner unit.
Therefore, you can expect a control system within a building to turn mechanical devices on and off and to adjust the primary source of power. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
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Explain 5 consequences of using wrong tool for winding
Answer:
1. Poor Productivity
2. Hazardous Job Sites
3. Wasted Money
4. Inability to Scale
5. Damaged Professional Reputation.
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In the circuit shown below, a load having an impedance of 39 + j26 Ω is fed from a voltage source through a line having an impedance of 1 + j4 Ω. The effective, or rms, value of the source voltage is 250 V.
• Calculate the load current IL and load voltage VL.
• Calculate the average and reactive power delivered to the load.
• Calculate the average and reactive power delivered to the line.
• Calculate the average and reactive power supplied by the source
The circuit is a voltage divider with impedances ZL = 39 + j26 Ω and ZT = 1 + j4 Ω.
1- To calculate the load current IL, we can use the voltage divider equation: IL = VL / ZL = VS / (ZL + ZT)
2- To calculate the load voltage VL, we can use the voltage divider equation: VL = IL * ZL
3- To calculate the average power delivered to the load, we can use the formula: Pl = VL * IL * cos(Φ) where Φ is the phase angle between the voltage and current.
4- To calculate the reactive power delivered to the load, we can use the formula: QL = VL * IL * sin(Φ)
5- To calculate the average power delivered to the line, we can use the formula: Pl = VL * IL * cos(Φ)
6- To calculate the reactive power delivered to the line, we can use the formula: QL = VL * IL * sin(Φ)
7- To calculate the average power supplied by the source, we can use the formula: Ps = VS * IL * cos(Φ)
8- To calculate the reactive power supplied by the source, we can use the formula: Qs = VS * IL * sin(Φ)
Note that to calculate the above values, you need to know the values of VS, ZL, and ZT, as well as the phase angle Φ.
how many cubic meters of fill can be constructed at a void ratio of 0.7 from 191000 m of borrow material that has a void ratio of 1.2
Approximately 170700 cubic meters of fill can be constructed from 191000 m of borrowed material.
The volume of fill that can be constructed from a given amount of borrowed material can be calculated using the formula
Vf = Vb (e1-e2)/(e2-e3)
where Vf is the volume of fill, Vb is the volume of borrowed material, e1 is the void ratio of the borrowed material, e2 is the void ratio of the fill and e3 is the void ratio of the solids.
In this case, Vb is 191000 m, e1 is 1.2, e2 is 0.7 and e3 is 0. Thus, Vf = 191000 (1.2-0.7)/(0.7-0) = 170700 m. Therefore, approximately 170700 cubic meters of fill can be constructed from 191000 m of borrowed material.
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A proce for the production of 1,3-butadiene reult from catalytic dehydrogenation at atmopheric preure of 1-butene according to the reaction:
C4H8(g) → C4H6(g)H2(g)
To uppre ide reaction, the 1-butene feed tream i diluted with team in the ratio of 10 mole of team per mole of 1-butene. The reaction i carried out iothermally at 525°C, and at thi temperature 33% of the 1-butene i converted to 1,3-butadiene. How much heat i tranferred to the reactor per mole of entering 1-butene?
the open-hearth process of making steel select one: a. was replaced by the bessemer process. b. was first done in the united states. c. produced small quantities of high-grade steel. d. made the production of large-dimension pieces possible. e. was ridiculed by established steelmakers such as abram hewitt.
The Bessemer process was a low-cost method for mass producing steel before the open-hearth furnace was invented. Henry Bessemer, an English inventor, created the procedure.
What are the highlights of Bessemer Venture Partners?Bessemer Venture Partners assists business owners in creating solid foundations for enduring enterprises. Bessemer supports CEOs and founders at every step of growth with more than 135 IPOs & 200 portfolio businesses in the enterprise, consumer, and healthcare sectors.
Who is Bessemer's owner?James S. Janney III, Henry Phipps' great-grandson, took over as president of the board business directors in 1994 after Ogden Mills Phipps retired. The top seven stories at 1271 Avenida of Americas were leased by Bessemer Trust in 2018.
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why are metamorphic rocks formed by contact metamorphism
Metamorphic rocks are formed by contact metamorphism when rocks are heated by the intrusion of hot magma or lava into the surrounding rock. This heating causes the minerals in the rocks to recrystallize and change into new minerals, forming metamorphic rocks.
What is contact metamorphism?
Contact metamorphism is a type of metamorphism that occurs when rocks are heated by the intrusion of hot magma or lava into the surrounding rock. The heat causes the minerals in the rocks to recrystallize and change into new minerals, forming metamorphic rocks.
The change in the rock is generally limited to a zone of contact, or aureole, surrounding the intrusion, and the degree of metamorphism decreases with distance from the intrusion. The temperature and pressure conditions that cause this change vary depending on the type of rock and the proximity to the intrusion.
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how does the parthenon reflect balance and order in its architecture?
The right description of the Parthenon is that it is based on a rectangle and features lofty columns leading to a gently sloping roof.
The Parthenon was built as a magnificent marble temple between 447 and 432 B.C., at the height of the ancient Greek Empire. The Acropolis of Athens, a group of connected temples, is home to the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. It was the largest and most lavish temple ever constructed on the Greek mainland. The Parthenon has been put through a lot over the years, including earthquakes, fires, conflicts, explosions, and looting. Despite this devastation, however, the Parthenon continues to serve as a compelling reminder of ancient Greece and Athenian civilization. One of the most famous buildings in the world and a constant reminder of ancient Greece, it is still in use today. When did the Parthenon fall?
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what is a geometric parameter that, as a structural engineer, we can modify to reduce the bending stress for a given moment? explain your answer.
These transversal loads will result in a base shear V and a tension force M that both induce normal stress and shear stress, respectively.
What makes it a moment?It can seem like to use the term "a brief duration" in addition to referring to physical motion because the word minute appears to have Latin roots that signify movement, change, or alteration.
What unit of time is a moment?Units of due to the force distance are used to express the moment's size. The normal English measures for a momentary are feet pounds, but the standard unit units for moment magnitude are newton meters.
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When no load is applied the spring is unstretched and d=10 in. The material is A-36 steel and each bolt has a diameter of 0.25 in. The plates at A , B , and C are rigid and the spring has a stiffness of k=18 kip/in.
When there is no stress on the pan of a spring balance, the pointer will read zero.
An induction motor's no-load test is comparable to a transformer's open-circuit test. The motor is not attached to its load, and the stator is charged with the rated voltage at the specified frequency to operate it without a load. The system's input power is measured using a 2-wattmeter technique. An ammeter measures the no-load current, while a voltmeter measures the standard-rated supply voltage. Total power is equal to the motor's constant iron loss, friction loss, and winding loss because the motor is operating with no load.
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The difference between the setpoint temperature and the conditioned temperature is known as
A. margin.
B. offset.
C. gap.
D. error.
Answer:offset
Explanation:
5. Derive an expression for the total extension of the tapered bar of circular cross-section shown in Fig. 1.21 when it is subjected to an axial tensile load P. 1₂ W. 4₁ dx D
Young's modulus of the bar is E. Hint: consider the slice of diameter dfx) and infinitesimal thickness dx with cross-section P d D A(x) x)4, compute its extension, and integrate the result with respect to x over the length of the bar L.
What is cross-section?Cross section means the representation of the intersection of an object by a plane along its axis. A cross-section is a shape that is yielded from a solid (eg. cone, cylinder, sphere) when cut by a plane.For example, a cylinder-shaped object is cut by a plane parallel to its base; then the resultant cross-section will be a circle. So, there has been an intersection of the object. It is not necessary that the object has to be three-dimensional shape; instead, this concept is also applied for two-dimensional shapes.Also, you will see some real-life examples of cross-sections such as a tree after it has been cut, which shows a ring shape. If we cut a cubical box by a plane parallel to its base, then we obtain a square.To learn more about parallel refer to:
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Data Mining is designed to detect patterns in data or to detect when an instance of data does NOT follow the regular pattern. What do we call the process to identify when data does not follow a regular pattern?
Select one:
a. Anomaly Detection
b. Principle Components Analysis
c. Logistical Regression
d. Clustering
The correct response is a. Anomaly Detection. Data mining's anomaly detection process, also known as outlier analysis, seeks out data points, occasions, and/or observations that differ from a dataset's typical pattern of activity.
The identification of uncommon items, events, or observations that significantly deviate from the majority of the data and do not conform to a well-defined notion of normal behaviour is generally understood to be the purpose of anomaly detection (also known as outlier detection and occasionally as novelty detection). These examples might raise questions about the validity of the data set or raise concerns that they were produced by a different mechanism than the rest of the data. Numerous fields, such as cyber security, health, machine vision, statistics, neuroscience, law enforcement, and financial fraud are just a few that use anomaly detection. To help with statistical analysis, such as computing the mean or standard deviation, anomalies were initially looked for in the data that were clearly rejected or omitted. They were also eliminated in order to improve predictions from models like linear regression, and more recently, their elimination improved the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms. However, anomalies themselves are often of interest and the observations that the user is most interested in finding in the whole data set. These observations must be distinguished from noise or unimportant outliers in order to be of interest.
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compare iron to steel. which is more desirable? why? what process helps to make large amount of it? what things could inventors and builders do because they had cheap, large-scale access to it?
The systems that are larger are those that are for the more crucial things. like video games and specialized software.
A computer has how many components?A motherboards, a central processor unit, a graphic processing unit random access memory and a hard disk or sturdy drive are the five fundamental components of every computer. Every computer has 5 components, whether it is a high-end gaming system or a simple desktop system for kids.
Describe a computer?A cpu is a piece of electronic equipment used to manipulate data or information. Data can be stored, retrieved, and processed by it. You may already be aware of the fact you are able to use a pc to surf the Internet, send emails, type documents, and play games.
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What is an adaptive hot start
Answer: Automatically increases the output amperage at the start of a stick weld, should the start require it. Helps eliminate sticking of the electrode at arc start.
Explanation:
Please help me solve the assignment
In this instance, interleaving refers to the system performing a single physical memory access while utilising more than one memory bank.
What is memory bank?For storing and retrieving frequently used data, a memory bank is a logical storage area within computer memory. For quick access to and retrieval of programs and common data, it may be a component of regular RAM or the cache memory. Bank switching is a mechanism that sets up the memory that the CPU can access at any given time. Since the MOS 6510 CPU can only access 216 = 65536 memory addresses ($0000-$FFFF), banks of memory can be switched (which makes them visible or invisible to the CPU) to increase total capacity. The data memory address bus is 12 bits, and it can address up to 4 MB of memory. Each bank in the RAM has 256 bytes and there are 16 of them overall.To learn more memory bank refer to:
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air enters the compressor of a regenerative gas turbine cycle, at 310 k and 100 kpa, and is compressed to 900 kpa and 650 k. the regenerator has an efficiency of 80%, and air enters the turbine at 1,400 k. for a turbine efficiency of 90%, determine:
(a) The regenerator's rate of heat transfer is [tex]h_{1}=310.24\frac{kj}{kg}[/tex].
(b) The thermal efficiency. Assume variable specific heats for air is [tex]h_{2}=659.84\frac{kj}{kg}[/tex].
An internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, air conditioner, etc. all consume thermal energy, and the thermal efficiency is a dimensionless performance measure of such a device. Thermal efficiency, sometimes referred to as the coefficient of performance, is the proportion of the net heat generated (for heating) or the net heat removal (for cooling) to the energy input in a heat engine or heat pump, respectively (external work). While a heat pump's coefficient of performance (COP) is more than 1, a heat engine's efficiency is fractional since its output is always less than its input. The Carnot theorem places additional limitations on these numbers.
The enthalpy and relative pressure at state 3 are determined with data from A-17 for the given temperature:
[tex]h_{3}=1515.42\frac{kj}{kg} \\Pr_{3}=450.5[/tex]
The pressure ratio and the relative pressure at state 3 and state 4 are used to calculate the relative pressure at state 4:
[tex]Pr_{4}=\frac{Pr_{3}}{r_{p}}\\=\frac{450.5}{\frac{900}{100}}\\=50.06[/tex]
With the aid of interpolation and data from A-17, the isentropic enthalpy at state 4 is calculated from this value:
[tex]h_{4s}=832.46\frac{kj}{kg}[/tex]
The enthalpies at states 1 and 2 are determined from A-17 for the given temperatures:
[tex]h_{4}=h_{3}-n_{T}(h_{3}-h_{4s})\\=(1515.42-0.9(1515.42-832.46))\frac{kj}{kg}\\[/tex]
The actual enthalpy at state 4 is determined from the isentropic turbine efficiency relation:
[tex]h_{1}=310.24\frac{kj}{kg}h_{2}=659.84\frac{kj}{kg}[/tex]
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Air enters the compressor of a regenerative gas-turbine engine at 310 K and 100 kPa, where it is compressed to 900 kPa and 650 K. The regenerator has an effectiveness of 80 percent, and the air enters the turbine at 1400 K. For a turbine efficiency of 90 percent, determine (a) the amount of heat transfer in the regenerator and (b) the thermal efficiency. Assume variable specific heats for air.
