More than 15 gene variations responsible for the variation in white blood cell counts among whites have been discovered by three large-scale genome-wide association studies, or GWAS.
What are genes?Genes are defined as a piece of data contained inside a cell that determines the characteristics of a living creature. Parents pass on their genes to their offspring. The fundamental structural and operational component of heredity is a gene. DNA is the component of
White blood cells called basophils contain granulated nuclei that may or may not be visible. A neutrophil's multilobed nucleus typically contains three lobes but can have up to five. Since eosinophils' nuclei only have two lobes, they are bilobed.
Thus, more than 15 gene variations responsible for the variation in white blood cell counts among whites have been discovered by three large-scale genome-wide association studies, or GWAS.
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this type of inversion combined with the combustion of during december of 1952 resulted in thousands of deaths from the resulting smog.
The pollution that arose from the a temperature inversion and burning in December 1952 caused thousands of deaths.
What is the combustion process?An item quickly mixes to oxygen during the chemical process of combustion to produce heat. Oxygen and fuel are terms used to describe the original substance and the oxygen's source, respectively. The fuel can be a solid, liquid, and gas, although it is commonly a liquid for airplane propulsion.
Which type of reaction is combustion?The majority of combustion reactions involve an oxidant and a fuel in highly exothermic redox reactions. In a combustion reaction, the gasoline that has been oxidized is often the final result (which is mostly liberated in the gaseous state). This is frequently called smoke.
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Researchers often want to isolate a certain type of RNA. For some RNA species, this can be accomplished via affinity chromatography, using beads coated with chains of poly-deoxythymidine (poly-dT). The desired RNA will stick to the beads while unwanted RNAs will flow through the column. The retained RNA can then be eluted.
What RNA species can be purified using this method?
A. bacterial mRNA
B. bacterial rRNA
C. eukaryotic rRNA
D. eukaryotic mRNA
Eukaryotic mRNA species can be purified using this method.
Define the term Eukaryotic mRNA?
Eukaryotic mRNA is the type of mRNA found in eukaryotic cells, which are cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and then transported to the cytoplasm where it is translated into proteins.
mRNAs in eukaryotes (but not prokaryotes) undergo many modifications, including a 5' methylguanosine cap and a 3' poly-A tail. These changes increase mRNA stability and enhance nuclear export. The poly-A tail allows researchers to isolate eukaryotic mRNAs from noncoding RNAs, which lack this characteristic.
Therefore, the correct option is Option D.
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What are the important significance of mitosis?
We are capable of growth, wound healing, and cell replacement because of mitosis. In creatures that reproduce asexually, mitosis is also significant.
What does mitosis primarily mean?Multicellular creatures need mitosis because it produces new cells that can be used for growth and to replace damaged or worn-out cells, including skin cells. Mitosis is the main asexual reproduction process used by many single-celled organisms.
What are the five meanings of mitosis?The transformation of the zygote into an adult is brought about via mitosis. Each daughter cell receives an equal number of chromosomes. It is in charge of a person's personal development and growth. All of an organism's bodily cells continue to contain the same number of chromosomes thanks to this.
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the observed differences between the groups most likely resulted from differences in the ability of the seedlings to produce which of the following monomers?
Very likely, the observed discrepancies between the groups were due to variations in the seedlings' capacity to synthesize monomer with amino acid and phosphate/H2N.
What are monomers examples?Glucose, vinyl chloride, amino acids, and ethylene are a few examples of monomers. Each monomer has a unique ability to bind together to create a range of polymers. Glycosyl linkages, for instance, connect glucose monomers in glucose to create polymers like glycogen, starch, and cellulose.
What is monomers in biology?The smallest building blocks used to create bigger compounds are called monomers. Polymers are molecules created by joining a lot of monomers together. Monomers includes items such simple sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides.
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Part A Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration o electron transport chain citric acid cycle glycolysis acetyl CoA glycolysis acetyl CoA citric acid cycle electron transport chain 0 citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis acetyl CoA glycolysis citric acid cycle acetyl CoA electron transport chain acety CoA citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis Hints My Answers Give Up Review Part s the correct general equation for celular respirat on?
In order to obtain energy off glucose during cellular respiration, the right sequence of events is glycolysis, acetyl CoA oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain.
Why is it referred to as breathing?Respiration is referred to as a metabolic activities in which carbon dioxide is released from the combustion of complex organic molecules and oxygen is taken in by the living cells in an organism to create energy (in the forms of ATP).
Why is breathing important?For living things to survive, they need to breathe. The food's energy is released. As we breathe in oxygen, glucose is split up into carbon dioxide & liquid. In the process, energy is released.
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Put the following events in order to describe the effects of light exposure on the retina. Start with rhodopsin absorbing light, and finish with ganglion cells firing action potentials.
Rank the options below. 1. Opsin triggers signaling cascade in outer segment of rod cells
2. Cis-retinal isomerizes to trans-retinal 3. Bipolar cells detect changes in glutamate release 4. Glutamate release from rod cells decreases 5. Ganglion cells fire action potentials 6. Rhodopsin absorbs light
Rhodopsin absorbs light, Cis-retinal isomerizes to trans-retinal,
Opsin triggers signaling cascade in outer segment of rod cells,
Glutamate release from rod cells decreases, Bipolar cells detect changes in glutamate release and Ganglion cells fire action potentials is the order for the effects of light exposure on the retina
The eye has highly sophisticated processes for adapting to light, and it has a number of defenses against exposure to specific types of light, but continuous or strong exposure kills photoreceptor cells, leading to retinal degeneration and blindness.A condition known as solar retinopathy is brought on by prolonged exposure to high-intensity visible light, such as when staring directly at the sun.
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Robert MacArthur showed that different species of warblers in New England forests _______.
a. Cannot coexist indefinitely.
b. Coexist because they utilize different types of trees.
c. Coexist because they utilize different parts of the same trees. Correct
d. Coexist because they utilize the same trees at different times of the day.
e. Coexist despite utilizing the exact same resources.
C. Coexist because they utilize different parts of the same trees.
The right option is C. Because there is less direct rivalry between the species as a result of this resource partitioning, the species can coexist.
The split of resources to prevent interspecific competition for scarce resources in an ecosystem is referred to as resource partitioning. It is an evolutionary adaptation that makes it easier for different species to cohabit in a community of ecological organisms. Studies on resource partitioning assist in establishing how the presence or absence of a species in a certain habitat affects an ecosystem's ability to function. In an ecosystem, organisms need homes and resources like nutrients to develop, reproduce, and survive. In a habitat, there are scarce resources for which all organisms contend. An ecosystem supports a wide range of species and holds thousands of them. Resource partitioning facilitates the division of scarce resources so that several species can utilize various portions of a resource, somewhat different resources, or the same resource at various times or locations to meet their needs.
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Deline the term osmotically active solule Deline lhe term osmosis You place plant cell with an OAS concentration of 0.750 M in solulion with sucrose concentration of 550 mM: Is this solulion the cell? Choose Ihe correct answer from below. Hypotonic Hyperlonic Isolonic In osmosis water diffuses loward lhe solution, that IS, loward the solution with the solute concentralion: Choose the correct answer (rom below: hypotonic, lesser hypertonic; esser sotonic, greater hypertonic, greater hypotonic, greater
A special type of passive transport is the movement of water across a membrane, or osmosis.
By definition, osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute concentration) to and area of low water potential (high solute concentration). Therefore, for osmosis to occur, the membrane must be permeable to water, but impermeable to the solute, and the concentration of the solute must be different on the two sides of the membrane. Water will move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration until the concentrations are equal, or until some external force prevents further movement of water. This is a passive process, in that no energy expenditure is required for the movement of water. In an artificial system such as the one depicted in the figure below, water will attempt to move from chamber B to chamber A. Since chamber A is a rigid chamber, pressure will develop. The pressure that is just sufficient to prevent water from moving across the membrane is referred to as osmotic pressure.
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TRUE/FALSE Natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to differences in viability or reproductive success.
One of the biggest concerns for vegetarians is not getting enough of certain nutrients. Which of the following is usually NOT considered a nutritional concern for vegetarians?A. vitamin DB. vitamin CC. vitamin ED. vitamin B12
Except for vitamin E, the following nutrients should be avoided in vegetarian diets: vitamin B(12), vitamin D, calcium, iron, and zinc.
Vegetarians display a wide range of dietary behaviors, which are frequently characterized by what is excluded from the diet. Although a vegetarian diet can contain all of these elements in amounts that match current guidelines, using supplements and fortified foods is a helpful defense against deficiency. In general, a vegetarian diet has a low consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol and a high intake of dietary fiber and several phytochemicals that are good for your health. Increased diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and different soy products will help with this. Vegetarians often have lower serum levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as a lower body mass index.
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r. c. punnett conducted experiments on the inheritance of traits in the sweet pea, lathyrus odoratus. in one experiment, he crossed two different true-breeding sweet pea plant strains, one with erect petals and long pollen, and the other with hooded petals and round pollen. all the offspring (f1 generation) had erect petals and long pollen (figure 1).
During the process of meiosis, cells go through two rounds of division, called meiosis I and meiosis II. This results in the formation of cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell, which in humans is 7 chromosomes. In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate. Two cells combine during fertilization to produce offspring with 14 chromosomes.
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes, which are pairs of chromosomes that contain genes for the same traits, separate from each other. During fertilization, which is the process by which an egg and sperm combine to form a zygote, two cells with 7 chromosomes combine to produce an offspring with 14 chromosomes. These 14 chromosomes are a combination of the 7 chromosomes contributed by the sperm and the 7 chromosomes contributed by the egg. This process ensures that the offspring receives a full set of genetic material from both parents.
The missing part in the question is shown below.
R. C. Punnett conducted experiments on the inheritance of traits in the sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus. In one experiment, he crossed two different true-breeding sweet pea plant strains, one with erect petals and long pollen, and the other with hooded petals and round pollen. All the offspring (F1F1 generation) had erect petals and long pollen (Figure 1).
Next, Punnett allowed the F1F1 generation to self-fertilize and recorded the phenotypes of their offspring. The data are shown in Table 1.
Which of the following best explains how the sweet pea plants in the parental generation produce F1F1 offspring with 14 chromosomes?
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The drastic decline in the number of Kirkland's warblers, prompting the U. S. Forest Service to include the Kirtland’s warbler on the list of endangered species in 1967 under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 was due to Responses
This statement is true about specis preservation.
What is special presentation?The conservation of species of to in their natural habitat or the natural ecosystem is known as the in-situ conservation.
The Kirtland’s warbler, a small songbird that nests by the only in the young jack of pine to forests of Michigan, Wisconsin and Ontario, was one of the very first animals by the placed on the U.S. list of endangered species. But now it has recovered enough to come off that list, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife by to Service (FWS)
Historically, wildfires were to the most important factor and it is for establishing the natural jack pine forests that is Kirtland’s warblers need to be breeding habitat. Modern wildfire suppression in the greatly diminished the natural disturbance that once generated Kirtland’s and it is warbler breeding in habitat. In the absence of wildfire, land managers had to take an active role in mimicking natural processes that regularly occurred within the jack pine is ecosystem. This is primarily done through large-scale timber harvesting and human-assisted reforestation.
The warblers are also threatened by brown-headed cowbirds, which conservation groups work with the Forest.
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How are watersheds and airsheds similar? In what ways do they differ?
Cities are extremely intricate, intertwined social-ecological systems that consist of human-made, natural, and semi-natural elements.
What is watersheds and air shades?They engage in interactions with the extra-urban landscapes around them on a range of scales, from the peri-urban and rural to the global. In cities, space is an important resource.
City planners typically focus on interventions within cities rather than the larger, interconnected realms beyond.
However, taking into account the larger spatial context, such as space outside of the city limits, may create opportunities to significantly increase benefits for city residents without displacing valuable space, leading to more environmentally and socially responsible city planning.
Therefore, Cities are extremely intricate, intertwined social-ecological systems that consist of human-made, natural, and semi-natural elements.
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the s shape of the human vertebral column is formed by two curves. describe where these two curves are located.
The thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are the two primary and two secondary curvatures of the vertebral column, respectively (cervical and lumbar curves).
What parts of the vertebral column are there?The vertebrae are split into three groups: cervical vertebrae (C1–C7), thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12), and lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5). The thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are the two primary and two secondary curvatures of the vertebral column, respectively (cervical and lumbar curves).
How is the human spinal cord's vertebral column numbered?The vertebrae in the human spinal column are numbered. The human vertebral column is split into many sections that correspond to the curvature of the spinal column by the vertebrae. The names of the articulating vertebrae reflect the area of the spine where they are located.
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Whenever I focus on something, I hear and feel a vibrating noise, and if i do it for to long my head shakes and i hear a ringing noise. Any reason why im able to do this?
Answer:
Tremor can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Examples include extreme muscle fatigue from exercise or medication side effects.
Explanation:
which of the following is an example of two or more body systems interacting to maintain homeostasis? when too much salt is consumed, it is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted. when body temperature is high, signals from the brain cause increased blood flow to the skin. when calcium levels in the blood are low, hormones cause calcium to be released from bones.
Answer: When too much salt is consumed, it is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted
which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?
Ventricular tachycardia has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm in cardiac dysrhythmias.
A cardiac dysrhythmia may also be called a cardiac arrhythmia or an irregular heart rhythm.Cardiac dysrhythmia (arrhythmia) is an irregular or irregular heartbeat. If you have dysrhythmia, your heart may beat too fast or too slowly. Or your heart rhythm may be disrupted, leading you to feel like your heart is skipping a beat. Although dysrhythmias can be harmless, they can cause serious health problems if left untreated. The words dysrhythmia and arrhythmia are different especially in linguistic sense. A heart arrhythmia (uh-RITH-me-uh) is an irregular heartbeat. Heart arrhythmias occur when the electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat do not work properly.
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Based on the data you collected on yourself, what observations can you make about the effect of Gymnema sylvestre on the sense of taste?
Gymnema sylvestre is a taste modulator that prevents sucrose and other sugars from stimulating the tongue's sweet receptors. The effect effectively illustrates a number of key principles of gustatory sensation and is dramatic, dependable, and reversible.
In experimental models of diabetes, NIDDM, and hyperglycemia, gymnema has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity. Its mechanism of action involves the herb's saponin fraction inhibiting glucose absorption in the intestine.
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the acetabulum and the head of the femur are connected by a small ligament. the indentation in the acetabulum, where this ligament is attached, is named the fovea
A thin ligament connects the base of the femur to the acetabulum. The fovea capitis refers to the depression in the acetabulum where its ligament is connected.
A ligament may be a muscle:Fibre bands of connective called tendons and ligaments adhere to bone. Ligaments assist to support joints by joining two or maybe more bones together. Muscle and bone are joined via tendon.
What does a human body ligament do?Two bones are frequently joined by ligaments, especially in the joints: They hold the extremities of two or more bones together or support the joint like sturdy, tightly linked straps or ropes. By doing this, it is prevented that now the bone in the joint would twist or separate excessively and become dislocated.
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A variance of 4 for group A as compared to a variance of 0.25 for group B indicates
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
a greater variability of phenotypes in group B.
a greater number of individuals in each phenotype class in group A.
a greater variability of phenotypes in group A.
nothing.
a greater number of individuals in each phenotype class in group B.
a greater variability of phenotypes in group A.
Variance 4 for group A compared to variance 0.25 for group B indicates greater phenotypic variability in group A
Quantitative geneticists can estimate the proportion of total variance based on total genetic variance and environmental genetic variance. When a geneticist seeks to improve a particular quantitative trait (eg, desired yield or weight gain), estimates of the proportion of the variance to the total variance will guide research.
When most of the variance is genetic, an advantage can be gained by selecting individuals with the desired metric. Conversely, if the genetic variance is small, meaning that the environmental variance is large, greater success will be achieved by optimizing the environmental conditions in which the individual grows.
In the question, the variation for group A is 4 while the variation for group B is 0.25 → 4 > 0.24 = A > B
Thus, the correct statement is a greater variability of phenotypes in group A.
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How important to check the food temperature in preparing food?
Understanding how to cook at the proper temperature is important. To produce great flavor and avoid deterioration, it is crucial to take this procedure.
What does the word temperature mean?A body's heat or coolness is referred to as its temperature. In more precise words, it is a technique for estimating the kinetic energy of the particles inside an object. Temperature rises as particle motion quickens and vice versa. Nearly all aspects of daily life and all scientific fields, including physics and geology, are greatly influenced by temperature.
It can be extremely dangerous to undercook meat, poultry, and other meals. Fortunately, by boiling food to the proper temperature, these hazardous germs can be eliminated.
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What is the best evidence to show that active transport is being used to move a substance across a membrane?; How do you know a cell is using active transport?; How can you identify if a cell is using active or passive transport?; Which type of cell transport would be best to move substances into or out of the cell quickly?
The statement that represents the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane is ATP is being rapidly used near the cell membrane.
Active transport may be defined as a type of transport that occurs against the concentration gradient. This type of transport is generally mediated by carrier proteins. Metabolic energy is used in order to migrate ions or molecules against the concentration gradient.
Active transport typically leads to the accumulation of solute on one side of the membrane. Channels and carrier proteins are used in facilitated diffusion which is a type of passive transport.
Therefore, ATP being rapidly used near the cell membrane is the statement that represents the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane.
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Where are second messengers formed?; Is the second messenger cAMP is made from ADP?; What is the second messenger in hormone action?; What enzyme catalyzes the formation of cAMP ?
The secondary messenger is ligand and cAMP is made of ADP. The cAMP works as intercellular signal in hormone action. The enzyme adenylyl cyclase catalyse conversion of cAMP.
The secondary messenger is a ligand binds to a membrane-spanning receptor protein molecule. ADP is used to create the second messenger, cAMP. The hormone receptor complex is formed when hormones bind to their receptors, which are present at the target site. The receptors are typically found inside the cell, such as the nucleus, or on the targets' plasma membranes (membrane receptors) (intracellular receptors). With the production of pyrophosphate, the enzyme adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, which the enzyme phosphodiesterase then hydrolyzes into 5′-AMP. Because the protein hormones are not lipid soluble, they cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer that makes up the plasma membrane. As a result, they bind to the plasma membrane receptors to create a hormone receptor complex. Other molecules produced by this interaction, such as ca2+ and cAMP, function as secondary messengers. These auxiliary messengers cause the target cell to undergo a series of metabolic processes and physiological changes.
Hence, secondary messenger is required when other signal cannot travel inside the cell.
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Which statement is correct about the properties that define a particular kind of mineral?(1 point)
Rocks are constructed from minerals, which are also the building components of our world. They are specified as naturally occurring and crystalline (as used in mineralogy).
What are minerals?solids comprised of inorganic materials rather than biological ones, indicating that they have an organized internal structure. For instance, the bismuth crystal in the image below was made in a lab and is not a mineral since it does not naturally exist in this form.
Each mineral has a unique chemical structure and content that sets it apart from other minerals of a similar type. In addition, they contain distinct physical characteristics that enable scientists to recognize them without the use of a microscope. Let's examine each of these distinctive physical characteristics of minerals and consider how they are used to classify them.
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Why are larger populations generally more stable than smaller populations?; Which is better high genetic diversity or low genetic diversity Why?; Why do populations benefit from higher genetic diversity?; Why is a genetically diverse population more likely to survive?
Larger populations are generally more stable than smaller populations because larger populations are expected to have more genetic diversity and therefore more capacity to adjust to environmental changes through natural selection.
The potential to be resilient to future climate change increases with genetic variation. High genetic diversity is better because it is possible for organisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions and prevent inbreeding. When there are limited, isolated populations, inbreeding takes place, which might make a species less able to endure and procreate. The ability of populations to adapt to changing circumstances is facilitated by genetic variety. More variation increases the likelihood that certain members of a group will have allele variants that are appropriate for the environment. Populations benefit from higher genetic diversity because it improves a species' and population's resistance to maladies, pests, climatic changes, and other pressures. A genetically diverse population is more likely to survive because its ability to adapt and evolve is supported by gene variants. They have a higher chance of surviving and passing that allele on to their progeny.
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The punnet square illustrates a cross of the flower.
more than 25 percent of the world's greenhouse gases come from all the following sources, except
Production of electricity (25 percent of 2020 greenhouse gas emissions) - The second-largest portion of greenhouse emissions are caused by electricity.
Globally, electricity (which accounts for 25% of 2020 greenhouse gas emissions) and heat (which accounts for 31%), as well as agriculture (11%), transportation (15%), forestry (6%) and manufacturing (12%), are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. 72% of all emissions are caused by the generation of energy of all kinds. Accurately measuring greenhouse gas emissions from of the food industry is crucial since the production of food contributes significantly to climate change. In a recent study, we found that almost 35% of all greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity are produced by the food system. Petroleum is the primary component of the more than 90% of fuel used for transportation, which generally consists of gasoline and diesel.
(Where does 25% of greenhouse gas emissions come from?)
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osteon bone structure
The basic functional unit of a great deal of compact bone is known as the osteon or haversian system (named after Clopton Havers).
Structure of osteon bone:The crucial roles of osteons in bone dynamics are introduced, along with an illustration of their hierarchical structure. Next, the emphasis is placed on the cellular modeling and remodeling of osteons as well as the turnover of osteons in response to mechanical strain and aging. A number of modern bioengineering techniques that have been created to mimic the structure of the osteon are also highlighted. Statement of the impact Recent developments in osteons, particularly their roles in bone formation, remodeling, and regeneration, are fully summarized in this review. We explain the cellular modeling and remodeling of osteons in addition to introducing their hierarchical structure and essential roles.To learn more about Osteon refer to:
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which of the following is not a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin? group of answer choices decreased stretch of the granular cells of the afferent arterioles sympathetic stimulation decreased filtrate nacl concentration increased blood volume and pressure
Increased blood volume and pressure not a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin. thus correct option (D).
The kidney contains cells called juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells), often referred to as juxtaglomerular granular cells, which produce, store, and secrete the enzyme renin. Specialized smooth muscle cells line the walls of the afferent arterioles, which carry blood to the glomerulus, as well as certain efferent arterioles.
Afferent and efferent arterioles and extraglomerular mesangium make up the vascular and tubular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which is found in the glomerular hilum (macula densa).
The afferent arteriole in this area contains specialist secretory cells (smooth muscle cells) termed juxtaglomerular cells, that produce renin. These cells do two things: They monitor blood pressure, by measuring how much the arteriole wall is stretched.
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select the organisms that can reproduce asexually through cell division. multiple select question. algae archaea multi celled eukaryotes bacteria
Organisms that can reproduce asexually by cellular division include those that undergo mitosis or asexual reproduction.
What is organism example?Any living creature that has a organized structure, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, develop, adapt, and preserve homeostasis is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, parasitoid wasp, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism.
What kind of organism is human?Because they have the same distinguishing characteristics as all other members of the this broad group, such as those listed above, humans are categorized as mammals. Additionally, humans are categorized as part of the mammalian subgroup known as primates, as well as the primate subgroup known as apes, namely the "Great Apes."
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