Immune incompatibility between the recipient and the donor cells is the first restriction.
What purpose does a cell serve?The corresponding value of all living things are cells. There are numerous trillions of neurons in a body. They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those into energy, & perform certain tasks.
What is the cell's structure?The cellular membranes, the nucleus, as well as the cytoplasm are the three components that make up a cell. Intricate arrangements of microscopic fibers or tens or even hundreds of tiny, unique structures known as organelles can be found in the cytoplasm.
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bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotic domains, though they differ from one another. from the options below, select the difference between these domains.
The difference between these domains is that the cell wall of bacteria contains peptidoglycan, whereas the cell wall of archaea does not.
What are similarities and disssimilarities between archaea and bacteria?Archaea and bacteria are two types of microorganisms that fall into the category of prokaryotes. Archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes that lack membrane-bound organelles and cell nuclei. They are unicellular.Like bacteria, archaea do not have an inner membrane, but both have cell walls and use flagella to swim. Archaea differ in that their cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan and their cell membranes use ether-linked lipids as opposed to the ester-linked lipids of bacteria. Archaea were once classified as bacteria, but are now no longer classified as archaea because their biochemical and evolutionary histories were found to be different.What do bacteria and archaea do?Their role in biogeochemical cycles is essential, contributing to important ecosystem processes such as soil formation, maintenance and function. Bacteria and archaea are the only organisms that can obtain energy from redox reactions that do not involve carbon bonding.
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When does a background extinction occur?
A. A volcanic eruption occurs on an island.
B. A species of birds fails to adapt to a drought
the many microorganisms that live in close association with humans are termed normal human microbiota or
The many microorganisms that live in close association with humans are termed normal human microbiota or microflora.
The human microbiota includes the 10-100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells harbored with the aid of using every person, on the whole micro organism withinside the gut; the human microbiome includes the genes those cells harbor.
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green plants absorb sunlight to power photosynthesis, the chemical synthesis of food from water and carbon dioxide. the compound responsible for light absorption and the color of plants, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs light with a wavelength of 662 nm. calculate the frequency of this light.
The frequency of this light is 4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹ when light having a wavelength of 662 nm absorbs by chlorophyll pigment.
What is the wavelength of light?For calculating the wavelength of light, use the equation,
λ= c/v
Where,
λ = wavelength of the light = 662 nm
c = speed of light = 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s
v = frequency of light = ?
v = 3.0 x 10⁸/662 x 10⁻⁹ = 4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹
Therefore, the wavelength of 662 nm having a frequency of this light is 4.53 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹ is absorbed by the chlorophyll of plants.
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the infrared receptors of rattlesnakes allow them to detect the body heat of prey animals. what type of receptor are infrared receptors?
Rattlesnakes' TRPA1 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1) type of receptors enable them to sense the body heat of their prey species.
What does the gene TRPA1 do?The only member of the TRPA gene subfamily found in mammals is TRPA1. According to recent studies, mustard oil, a painful and inflammatory irritant, targets TRPA1 in peripheral sensory neurons, suggesting that it functions to cause pain and neurogenic inflammation.
What occurs when TRPA1 is turned on?When TRPA1 is activated, a key component of its signaling mechanism is the local release of substance P, also known as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which attracts immune cells, causes vasodilatation and plasma extravasation, and promotes neurogenic inflammation.
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if the cleavage furrow or cell plate shown in the figure formed nearer one pole of the dividing cell rather than at the midline, what would be the predicted result?
The resulting cells would be very different in size.
In animal cells, cytokinesis starts offevolved in anaphase, with the mitotic spindle figuring out the starting role of the contractile ring to shape. In telophase, this ring becomes energetic, and the cleavage furrow paperwork and deepens until only a skinny attachment, the midbody, stays.
Cytokinesis starts in anaphase and ends in telophase, reaching completion as the following interphase starts. the first visible trade of cytokinesis in an animal cellular is the surprising appearance of a pucker, or cleavage furrow, at the cell surface.
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Have you ever noticed that fruit flies don’t all look alike? If you look closely, you may see that they can have red eyes or white eyes.
Like all living organisms, fruit flies grow and reproduce. In Lesson 3.01, you learned mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells, each of which has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. In Lesson 3.02, you were introduced to meiosis, the process by which organisms produce gametes. In this investigation, you will simulate mitosis and meiosis in fruit flies. Be sure you have fully investigated lessons 3.01 and 3.02 before beginning this assignment.
Materials:
16 pipe cleaners of 2 different colors and 4 matching lengths
String
O-shaped cereal
Marker
Procedure:
Part 1: Modeling Mitosis:
Copy the mitosis chart and add your name to the presentation. The circles you see represent a fruit fly body cell in different stages of the cell cycle.
Take out your pipe cleaners (to represent chromosomes). One color will represent the chromosomes inherited from the mother and one color represents the chromosomes inherited from the father. Use the same length of pipe cleaner for homologous pairs. You should have two sets of four different lengths of pipe cleaners.
Begin by assembling a diploid set of chromosomes for a fruit fly as they exist during most of interphase. A diploid set contains pairs of homologous chromosomes. Each chromosome at this point will be a single strand. You will have an extra set of each length and color left over. Here is a diploid set: Take note:
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a fruit fly?
How many homologous pairs of chromosomes does a fruit fly have? (review this video for a review of chromosome numbers)
In late interphase, the amount of DNA doubles. That means each chromosome now doubles. Select a matching pipe cleaner (same length and color) for each chromosome and slide both through a piece of cereal. You now should have a set of eight doubled chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs.
Review the mitosis diagrams page 3 of Lesson 3.01 and move the chromosomes through the rest of the steps on your board.
Take a picture of each stage and place it in the appropriate circle in your diagram. Example:
This is a sample image of the # of chromosomes for a Spider Mite, not a Fruit Fly.
Fill in Tables 1 and 2 with the correct information
Table 1: Cell cycle and mitosis in fruit flies
Step Number of
Cells Number of chromosomes in
each nucleus Number of homologous pairs
in each nucleus
Interphase
Cytokinesis
A diploid set of human chromosomes contains 23 homologous pairs (46 chromosomes)
Table 2: Cell cycle and mitosis in humans
Step Number of
Cells Number of chromosomes in
each nucleus Number of homologous pairs
in each nucleus
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Part 2: Modeling Meiosis:
Meiosis is the process of producing sex cells with a haploid set of chromosomes. Haploid means half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. A haploid cell contains one chromosome from each homologous pair.
Copy the meiosis chart and add your name to the presentation. The circles you see represent a fruit fly body cell in different stages of Meiosis.
Begin by assembling a diploid set of chromosomes for the fruit fly as you did in Part 1. Place the chromosomes, in homologous pairs, in the first nucleus on your chart.
Like mitosis, before meiosis begins, the chromosomes double. Add a similar pipe cleaner to each chromosome and attach it with a piece of cereal as you did in part 1.
Unlike mitosis, which only has one cell division, meiosis has two divisions. Using the meiosis diagram Module 3 as a guide and move your chromosomes through Meiosis I and Meiosis II, taking pictures along the way.
Table 3: Meiosis
Step Number of
Cells Number of
chromosomes in
each cell Number of
homologous
pairs in each cell Diploid or
haploid
number?
Start of Meiosis
End of Meiosis I
End of Meiosis II
Conclusion Questions:
Write your answers in complete sentences.
What is the purpose of mitosis? What is the purpose of meiosis?
Why is it important for a cell to duplicate its DNA before it divides in two?
You have 23 pairs of chromosomes in your body cells. Why do your chromosomes occur in pairs? Where does each chromosome in the pair come from?
A dog’s diploid number of chromosomes is 78. How would the number of chromosomes in the dog’s body cells compare to the number of chromosomes in its gametes?
What happens to the homologous pairs of chromosomes in meiosis I?
What are the two main events that occur in meiosis (not included in this simulation) that leads to genetic variation in the gametes?
Why do siblings not look identical even though they are from the same mother and father?
Individual fruit flies (Drosophila) typically have orange-red eyes. However, some mutant versions have white eyes and lack the red pigment. The fruit fly's reaction to light is altered by these eye color changes.
What are the different eyes color in fruit flies?A new study using fruit flies supports one benefit of sex: It favors advantageous mutations. A female who reproduces asexually transmits all of her genes, whereas a sexually active female only transmits half of her genes.
Wildly bred fruit flies occasionally have crimson eyes. A recessive gene causes brown and sepia eyes, which can only appear when two sepia-eyed flies mate.
Therefore, fruit flies with white, vermilion, and cinnabar eyes are mutations that are far less frequent.
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............ is an eukaryotic organelles that might have evolved from small independent green prokaryotes that took up residence in a bigger prokaryotic cells?
Chloroplast is an eukaryotic organelles that might have evolved from small independent green prokaryotes that took up residence in a bigger prokaryotic cells.
Chloroplast is the cell organelle that is present only in green plants and some fungi that can make their own food. Chloroplast are believed to be evolved from prokaryotes and are called semi-autonomous because they have their own DNA which can make some of the proteins needed by the organelle.
Prokaryotes are the organisms that have the primitive type of cell with no true nuclei. Instead their genetic material lies as an aggregate in the cytoplasm itself and is called nucleoid.
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7 Which class of molecules are used by the body to
synthesize proteins?
A. carbohydrates
B. amino acids
C. lipids
D. minerals
Answer:
The correct answer choice is choice B.
Explanation:
Protein synthesis is process in which polypeptide chains are formed from coded combinations of single amino acids inside the cell. The synthesis of new polypeptides requires a coded sequence, enzymes, and messenger, ribosomal, and transfer ribonucleic acids (RNAs).
which classification group is the largest? (meaning they are the most inclusive, or has the most number of different organisms
Answer:
The largest classification group is the domain.
PLEAZE HURRY
Which phylum of animals included organisms that have soft bodies, possible shell covering, and head with eyes or tentacles?
Select one:
a.
Nemotoda
b.
Porifera
c.
Rotifera
d.
Mollusca
please give correct answer and don't fool around
Answer:
Mollusca
Explanation:
They have soft body. They are fully or partially enclosed in calcium carbonate shell.
Answer:
I hope this helps.
Explanation:
what is the minimum altitude to cross clamm intersection while conducting the rnav (gps) rwy 6 approach at roa? a. 5,200 msl. b. 4,300 msl. c. 2,700 msl.
RNAV (GPS) at RWY the minimum altitude to cross the claim intersection when conducting an RWY 6 approach is 4,300 MSL.
Pilots are allowed to utilize a variety of area navigation tools, including GPS, but it is not necessary. They allow particular VOR/DME RNAV equipment to "move" the VOR virtually a certain DME distance along a documented radial, so creating waypoints on the final approach path.
A system called NAV makes it possible to navigate between any two points without having to fly over any ground-based stations. Satellite-based RNAV systems are collectively referred to as GNSS. The GNSS that the USA manages is called GPS. Other examples include Galileo by the EU and GLONASS by Russia.
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Explain why genetic disorders caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes most often involve the x chromosome.
The X chromosome is typically involved in chromosomal abnormalities. The only chromosome pair in which the two chromosomes are considerably dissimilar in size is X and Y.
This explains why sex chromosome nondisjunction seems to happen more frequently than autosome nondisjunction. Not to incite a sex conflict, but the X chromosome—which males have one of while females have two—is five times larger and contains ten times as many genes as the Y chromosome. So, compared to the Y chromosome, it carries more traits and diseases.Changes in the number of chromosomes are the root cause of various chromosomal disorders. These alterations take place at random during the development of reproductive cells; they are not inherited (eggs and sperm). Reproductive cells with an incorrect number of chromosomes are the result of a cell division defect called nondisjunction.
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How many basic units of information in a dna molecule are required to encode a single amino acid?.
Basic units of information in a DNA molecule are required to encode a single amino acid with 3 nucleotides.
Amino acids are molecules that combine to shape proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. when proteins are digested or damaged, amino acids are left. The human frame makes use of amino acids to make proteins to help the body: wreck down food.
An amino acid is an organic molecule that is made from a basic amino institution (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl organization (−COOH), and a natural R institution (or aspect chain) that is precise to every amino acid. The time period amino acid is short for α-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid.Nov 9, 2022
Amino acids, particularly, are typically secure to apply every day, so long as they may be not fed on in large amounts. due to the fact the dietary desires of various human beings can range broadly, it's hard to say exactly what the top restriction is probably for amino acids in widespread.
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What part of the brain is most important for yenay to recognize and name the new food?.
The virus is considered an exception to the
cell theory because the
A. mitochondria of the virus contain genetic
material
B. virus contains genetic material but no organelles
C. chloroplasts of the virus contain genetic material
F. virus contains no genetic material and is multi-
nucleated
The virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles. Thus option B is correct.
What are the characteristic features of virus ?
Viruses are the infectious microbes, a connecting link between living and nonliving organism that contain a nucleic acids covered by a protein coat.
Virus can reproduce at a spectacular rate and live in host cells, They are acellular as they have no cytoplasm or cellular organelles.
They do not have their own machinery so for their metabolism depend on their host and replicate by using the metabolic machinery of the host cell.
viruses can not grow and divide and the new viral components are synthesized and assembled into the infected host cell, they have DNA or RNA but not both.
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which of the following nutrients are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein? none of these amino acids fatty acids monoacylglycerols
Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are transported to the liver via hepatic portal vein.
Brief summary the transportation of fatty acids and monoglycerides?Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed by the small intestine's mucosal lining and subsequently enter the epithelial cells. The endoplasmic reticulum is a mechanism inside the cell that performs lipid synthesis and transport. Once inside the cells, free fatty acids and monoglycerides enter this system. In this process, triglycerides are created from the digested products. The primary type of fat that the body stores is called triglycerides. Because of this, the digestion of fat differs from the digestion of proteins and carbs. We can observe that when proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed, their building blocks—amino acids and monosaccharides—pass through the intestinal epithelial cells unaltered. Triglycerides are coated by proteins before to leaving the epithelial cells, which causes in the chylomicron development. The triglyceride is given a water-soluble coat by the protein coating, enabling the chylomicron to exit the cell. The freshly produced chylomicrons exit the epithelial cell and go into the lacteal lymphatic capillaries. The lacteals are located in the villi, which are finger-like protrusions of the intestinal wall. Because lipids travel through the lymphatic system before returning to the bloodstream, the lacteals represent another distinctive method that fats are absorbed. As opposed to amino acids and monosaccharides, which flow directly into blood capillaries and subsequently into the hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver, fatty acids, enter the lymphatic system during the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates. In the gut, dietary carbs are broken down to produce simple sugar molecules.
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which of the following is considered essential fat?
fat incorporated in loose connective tissue known as adipose tissue
fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat
fat stored in various tissues and critical for normal body functioning
fat located around major organs, generally within the abdomen
Fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat is essential fat.
What is essential fat?A necessary part of everyday nutrition is fat. It is necessary for flavor in food as well as for proper cellular function, energy, protection of essential organs, insulation, and cushioning.
There are two different forms of fat that the body stores: necessary fat and nonessential fat.
The bare minimum of fat required for healthy physiological function is known as essential fat. Essential fat values are commonly thought to be 3% and 12% for men and women, respectively. Unneeded fat is defined as fat that is present in excess of the bare minimum.
Therefore, Fat located underneath the skin, also known as subcutaneous fat is essential fat.
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Which hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae?.
Garstang's Auricularia hypothesis suggests that ancestral vertebrates may have evolved from urochordate larvae.
What is Garstang's Auricularia?
The auricularia hypothesis, proposed by Garstang was an attempt to explain how the chordate body plan originated from a deuterostome common ancestor by emphasizing the significance of changes in larval forms. According to the Garstang Hypothesis, development of sexual maturity in a non-metamorphosing lineage of tunicates might provide the immediate proto-chordate ancestors of more typical chordates.
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which evidence would best be stored in leakproof plastic containers, such as film canisters? question 19 options: glass soil tools blood
glass soil implements The best way to store blood as evidence is in leak-proof plastic containers like film canisters..
Which way should evidence be packaged correctly?When feasible, supplied evidence must be in sealed containers. The ideal sealing technique is evidence tape. The officer's initials and the date the seal was sealed must be written on the seal. Any evidence that may be subject to forensic biology/DNA analysis requests needs to be handled carefully.
What kind of evidence can be stored in a plastic container?Plastic or paper Wet evidence should be packaged in paper containers (wet evidence can decay if placed inside plastic containers), and dry evidence should be packaged in plastic, according to a general rule of thumb. Cross-contaminated items need to be packaged individually.
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What could happen to homeostasis if the nervous system and the endocrine system stop communicating?.
The nervous and endocrine systems are closely related and both are closely involved in conditions of homeostasis. Endocrine dysfunction can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms such as acute encephalopathy including headache, myopathy and coma.
What is homeostasis?In biology, homeostasis is the state of stable internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by a biological system. This is the condition for an organism to function optimally, and many variables such as body temperature and fluid balance must be kept within preset limits.Homeostasis, as currently defined, is a self-regulatory process by which biological systems maintain stability while adapting to changing external conditions.Plasma ionized calcium homeostasis. Arterial blood pressure homeostasis. Core body temperature homeostasis. Homeostasis of body water content.Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cellular functions throughout the body. Maintaining a constant internal environment even when internal and external conditions change.In the human body, this includes controlling: blood sugar concentration.To learn more about homeostasis from the given link :
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factors such as behavioral, temporal, or ecological isolation mechanisms that prevent two closely related sympatric populations from interbreeding can be grouped together and classified as .
Factors such as behavioral, temporal, or ecological isolation mechanisms that prevent two closely related sympatric populations from interbreeding can be grouped together and classified as Prezygotic isolation mechanism.
Prezygotic isolation stops egg fertilization, whereas postzygotic isolation stops the development of fertile offspring. There are several prezygotic isolation techniques, including as habitat isolation, ecological isolation , isolation during mating seasons, mechanical isolation, isolation of gametes, and behavioral isolation.
Some flower species serve as an illustration for this, producing pollen when only other flowers of the same species are receptive to it. To ensure reproductive isolation, related species from different phyla generate pollen at different times. Because the gametes never come together to form a zygote, this is an example of prezygotic isolation.
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A woman has her personal genome analyzed for the brca1 mutation after learning that her father is heterozygous and carries one mutant allele. What is her chance of inheriting the mutant allele from her father?.
In the scenario described, she has a 50% chance of receiving the mutant gene from her father. A deleterious mutation in the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 can lead to hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome in both men and women. Breast cancer is the real name for the BRCA gene.
A tumour suppressor gene is BRCA1.
These genes generally prevent breast, ovarian, and other cell types from growing and dividing too quickly or in an uncontrolled manner.
Females who have these gene mutations develop malignant cells.
Regardless of gender, it can be passed on from generation to generation.
Men can acquire these genes.
If a guy has a mutant gene, there is a 50/50 probability that his daughter or any other offspring will also have a mutated gene.
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secretory iga is found in the secretions that coat mucus membranes, thereby preventing pathogens from colonizing mucosal surfaces. what are methods that bacteria have evolved to evade or inactivate these antibodies?
Secretory igA is found in the secretions that coat mucus membranes, thereby preventing pathogens from colonizing mucosal surfaces.The various methods that bacteria have evolved to evade or inactivate these antibodies are intracellular parthenogenesis. The various antibacterial defense systems help the microbes to survive the attack.
What is first line of defense ?
It is the primary defense system that a body develops in order to create a defense mechanisms against the bacteria.
Secretory igA is found in the secretions that coat mucus membranes, thereby preventing pathogens from colonizing mucosal surfaces. The various bacteria grow in such a way that the antibodies are not able to provide them enough of attack in order to protect.
The various antibodies are generated in response to the antigens that a body gets to witness.
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evolutionary biologists have suggested that the symptoms of physiological degeneration that accompany old age in humans are a
Evolutionary biologists have suggested that the symptoms of physiological degeneration that accompany old age in humans are genetically predisposed outcomes.
Corticobasal degeneration is a neurological (brain) disorder. It damages cells to your brain, inflicting elements of it to shrink (atrophy). The ailment’s signs may also first seem on one facet of your body, however ultimately have an effect on each aspects because the ailment progresses. With progression, you progressively lose your capacity to talk, swallow and move. The ailment can also have an effect on different regions of thinking, inclusive of judgment and memory.
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Just wanted to say thank you to everyone that helped me
got 100% on my test thank you!!
Quick question to tease your brain: does the sun help animals or does plants help animals?
Answer: Without the Sun, these plants can’t get the energy they need to grow. The Sun is also the primary source of vitamin D for animals, which is essential for their growth. Vitamin D provides calcium, which helps form strong bones and teeth. Animals get vitamin D directly by exposure to the Sun or indirectly by eating plants.
Glad we could all help out!
Which model and explanation best represents the semiconservative nature of dna replication?.
Meselson and Stahl experiment best explains the semi conservative mode of DNA replication.
What is the Meselson and Stahl experiment?
Replication is the process of making copies, i.e., duplication.
Meselson and Stahl experiment was the experimental proof for semiconservative mode of DNA replication.
Matthew Meselson and franklin Stahl conducted an experiment in 1958 on E.coli to study DNA replication.
Meselson and stahl took two isotopes of nitrogen (N14 and N15). They cultured E.coli in medium containing the N15 isotope for many generations. So the N15 was incorporated into the bacterial DNA, as a result. Then they used the N14 isotope. After regulars intervals of time, they checked density of DNA.
The first sample with N15 (after 20 mins) had bacterial DNA with intermediate density. The second sample with N14 (after 40 mins) had intermediate and light density DNAs.
Based off their observations, Meselson and Stahl concluded that DNA can replicate semi conservatively.
Therefore, Meselson and Stahl experiment best explains the semi conservative mode of DNA replication.
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occasional brief periods of stress: group of answer choices are harmful only if they are triggered by anger. have no negative consequences for the organism. boost the activity of the immune system. are harmful to an organism.
Occasional brief periods of stress: boost the activity of the immune system.
Short-term stress can boost the immune system because it prepares the organism's body to deal with the challenges that can be mental, physical or physiological. The stress can trigger the survival instinct of the organism which in turn boosts the immune system.
Immune system is comprised of cells, tissues and organs that all function together to protect the body against foreign invaders. The main cells involved in the immune system are the white blood cells. Along with these other constituents of immune system are the organs like bone marrow, spleen, various proteins like antibodies, etc.
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in leaf cutter ant colonies, the ants clip leaves to feed a fungus garden and then the ants feed on the fungus. is this a mutualistic relationship?
In the leaf cutter ant colony, the ants clip leaves to feed a fungus garden. The ants feed on the fungus, and the fungus provides the ants with a food source. This is a mutualistic relationship because both the ants and the fungus benefit from the relationship.
The ants benefit from the relationship by having a ready supply of food. The fungi benefit from the relationship by having a source of food (the leaves) and a place to live (the garden). The fungi also produce a substance that the ants use to protect their gardens from other fungi.
Without the fungi, the leaf cutter ants would not be able to digest the leaves they eat. Without the leaf cutter ants, the fungi would not have a place to live and would not get the food it needs. Therefore, the relationship between leaf cutter ants and their fungus gardens is mutualistic.
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explain how bones are classified by shape
