Answer:
1. Shower instead of bathing.
2. When you leave the room, turn off everything.
3. Grow a Tree
4. Bicycle or walk to school.
Explanation:
As global temperatures rise, wildfires, droughts, and increased electrical consumption place strain on the country's energy system. Severe weather is the main cause of power outages and fuel supply disruptions in the United States. And, because energy generation is one of the greatest producers of CO2 to the climate, people and students alike must have the information and abilities to comprehend the issues, create and execute solutions, and advocate for change.
vanillin can be recrystallized from water because it is slightly soluble in warm water. which functional group of vanillin is mostly responsible for the slight water solubility? why is vanillin not completely soluble in water?
The functional group of vanillin that is mostly responsible for the slight water solubility is the hydroxyl group (-OH).
Vanillin is not completely soluble in water because it is an organic compound composed of non-polar molecules, which are not able to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. This means that, even though vanillin is slightly soluble in warm water, it is not completely soluble and can be recrystallized from the water. Vanillin is an organic compound composed of a phenolic group (-C6H5OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO). The phenolic group is responsible for its characteristic odor, while the aldehyde group is responsible for the slight water solubility of vanillin. The hydroxyl group (-OH) in the phenolic group is mostly responsible for the slight water solubility of vanillin, as it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
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in the experiment, you are instructed to use 10 ml of a 5% solution of adipoyl chloride and 10 ml of a 5% solution of hexamethylenediamine. assuming these solutions are %volume/volume, calculate the mmol of each reagent that will be used in the experiment. which reagent is the limiting reagent?
The moles of adipoyl chloride 3.4 mmol and the moles of hexamethylenediamine is 3.8 mmol. The reagent is the limiting reagent is the adipoyl chloride .
The 5% v/v adipoyl chloride means that 5 mL of the adipoyl chloride in the 100 mL of solution
10mL of adipoyl chloride solution = (5mL× 10mL)/100mL
= 0.5mL
The density = 1.26 g/mL
The mass of the adipoyl chloride = density × volume
= 1.26 × 0.5
= 0.63 g
The moles of adipoyl chloride = mass / molar mass
= 0.63 / 183
= 0.0034 mol = 3.4 mmol
The mass of the hexamethylenediamine = density × volume
= 0.89 × 0.5
= 0.445 g
The moles of the hexamethylenediamine = 0.445 / 116
= 0.0038 mol = 3.8 mmol
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calculate the ph of a buffer solution made from equal amounts of 0.3 m hydrofluoric acid and 0.7 m sodium fluoride
A buffer solution with a pH of 4 is created by mixing 0.3 m hydrofluoric acid and 0.7 m sodium fluoride in equal parts.
To calculate the number of moles of HF and F-,
moles HF = molarity * volume
= 0.3 * 1 L = 0.3 moles
moles F- = molarity * volume
= 0.7 m * 1L = 0.7 moles
by using the ICE table :
HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaF(aq) + H2O(l)
initial 0.3 0 0.7
change -0.08 0.08 + 0.08
Equ (0.3 - 0.08) (0.7+0.08)
∴ [HF] = 0.3 - 0.08 = 0.22 m
∴[F-] = 0.7 + 0.08 = 0.78 m
when we have Ka for HF = 3.5 x 10⁻⁴
∴Pka = - ㏒ Ka
= - ㏒ (3.5x10⁻⁴)
= 3.46
by using the PH formula :
PH = Pka + ㏒[F-]/[HF]
by substitution:
∴PH = 3.46 + ㏒( 0.78 / 0.22)
∴PH = 4
first, we have to get moles of HF & F-
moles HF = molarity * volume
= 0.3 * 1 L = 0.3 moles
moles F- = molarity * volume
= 0.7 m * 1L = 0.7 moles
by using the ICE table :
HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaF(aq) + H2O(l)
initial 0.3 0 0.7
change - 0.08 0.08 + 0.08
Equ (0.3 - 0.08) (0.7+0.08)
∴ [HF] = 0.3 - 0.08 = 0.22 m
∴[F-] = 0.7 + 0.08 = 0.78 m
when we have Ka for HF = 3.5 x 10 ⁻⁴
∴Pka = - ㏒ Ka
= - ㏒ (3.5x10⁻⁴)
= 3.46
by using the PH formula :
PH = Pka + ㏒[F-]/[HF]
by substitution:
∴PH = 3.46 + ㏒( 0.78 / 0.22)
∴it is the buffer solution PH = 4
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What functional groups are common to all α-amino acids?
Check all that apply.
aromatic
amide
carboxylate
alcohol
thiol
protonated amine
The functional groups that are common to all α-amino acids are: Carboxylate group (COO-), Protonated amino group (NH3+)Therefore, the correct options are: Carboxylate Protonated amine
The following functional groups are not common to all α-amino acids:
Aromatic (Some α-amino acids have aromatic side chains, but not all of them have) Amide (Peptide bond formation between amino acids involves the formation of an amide bond, but not all α-amino acids have an amide functional group in their structure) Alcohol (Some α-amino acids have hydroxyl groups in their side chains, but not all of them have) Thiol (Only one α-amino acid, cysteine, has a thiol group in its side chain)
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an empty graduated cylinder has a mass of 31.780g. then, 50.0ml of an unknown liquid are added and the mass increases to 72.810g. what is the density of the unknown liquid? your answer should be a number plus unit no space, the unit should be in abbreviated form like shown in the question.
If an empty graduated cylinder has a mass of 31.780g. then, 50.0ml of an unknown liquid are added and the mass increases to 72.810g. then the density of the unknown liquid is 0.8206 g/cc.
We must use the following formula to determine the density of the unidentified liquid:
density equals mass/volume
The mass of the liquid that has been added to the graduated cylinder must first be ascertained. We may achieve this by deducting the mass of the liquid-filled cylinder from the mass of the empty cylinder:
Mass of liquid equals mass of cylinder with liquid minus mass of cylinder with no liquid.
liquid mass = 72.810 g - 31.780 g
liquid mass is 41.030 g.
The volume of the liquid added, which is 50.0 mL, may then be calculated.
We can now enter these values into the density formula as follows:
The formula for density is mass/volume: 41.030 g/50 mL.
Since 1 millilitre (mL) equals 1 cubic centimetre (cc), we can simplify the units by converting to 1 cc:
densities equal 41.030 g per 50.0 cc
We can finally determine the density:
0.8206 g/cc is the density.
As a result, the unknown liquid has a density of 0.8206 g/cc.
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A proposed mechanism for a reaction is:
C
4
H
9
B
r
Write the rate law expected for this mechanism. What is the overall balanced equation for the reaction? What are the intermediates in the proposed mechanism?
Answer:
The rate law is the equation that describes how the reaction rate depends on the concentrations of the reactants. The rate law for a reaction cannot be determined based solely on the chemical formula of the reactant, as the reaction mechanism, conditions, and other factors can all affect the rate.
The overall balanced equation for the reaction is not provided, so it is not possible to write the rate law or determine the intermediates without additional information. To determine the rate law and intermediates, a detailed study of the reaction conditions, mechanism, and kinetics is necessary.
how many moles of calcium in 0.5 mole ca3(po4)2
There are 1.5 moles of calcium in 0.5 mole Ca3(PO4)2.
How to determine the number of moles of calcium in 0.5 mole Ca3(PO4)2First we need to first find the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2:
Molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 = (3 x molar mass of Ca) + (2 x molar mass of PO4)
= (3 x 40.08 g/mol) + (2 x (1 x 30.97 g/mol + 4 x 16.00 g/mol))
= 310.18 g/mol
Next, we can use the following mole ratio:
3 moles of Ca / 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2
This means that for every 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2, there are 3 moles of Ca.
Therefore, the number of moles of calcium in 0.5 mole Ca3(PO4)2 is:
0.5 mole Ca3(PO4)2 x (3 moles of Ca / 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2) = 1.5 moles of Ca
Therefore, there are 1.5 moles of calcium in 0.5 mole Ca3(PO4)2.
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Calculate the volume occupied by 8 g methane at 40 C and 842 torr pressure ?
Answer:
jjijjĵjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjhh
Explanation:
ju8uhtyù
fumaric acid is an intermediate metabolite of glucose metabolism. fumaric acid contains 41.392% c, 3.473% h, and 55.135% o by mass. what is the empirical formula for fumaric acid
Fumaric acid is an intermediate metabolite of glucose metabolism. fumaric acid contains 41.392% c, 3.473% h, and 55.135% o by mass.the empirical formula of fumaric acid is C3H4O4.
Determining the Empirical Formula of Fumaric Acid.To determine the empirical formula of fumaric acid, we need to calculate the relative number of atoms of each element present in the compound. We can assume a 100 g sample of fumaric acid, which means we have:
41.392 g of carbon (C)
3.473 g of hydrogen (H)
55.135 g of oxygen (O)
Next, we need to convert these masses to moles by dividing them by the respective atomic/molecular masses:
C: 41.392 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.446 mol
H: 3.473 g / 1.01 g/mol = 3.441 mol
O: 55.135 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.446 mol
We can see that the number of moles of each element is approximately the same, so the empirical formula is simply the ratio of the atoms in the compound, which is:
C3H4O4
Therefore, the empirical formula of fumaric acid is C3H4O4
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weak acid (carbonic acid) results when group of answer choices ozone is dissolved in water carbon dioxide is dissolved in water nitrogen is dissolved in water water contains no impurities
Weak acid (carbonic acid) results when Nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water contains no impurities.
Carbonic acid is a carbon- containing emulsion which has the chemical formula H2CO3. results of carbon dioxide in water contain small quantities of this emulsion. Its chemical formula can also be written as OC( OH) 2 since there exists one carbon- oxygen double bond in this emulsion.
Carbonic acid is frequently described as a respiratory acid since it's the only acid that's exhaled in the gassy state by the mortal lungs.
Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical emulsion with the formula NO2. It's one of several nitrogen oxides. NO2 is an intermediate in the artificial conflation of nitric acid, millions of tons of which are produced each time for use primarily in the product of diseases. At advanced temperatures it's a sanguine- brown gas.
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Which of the traits present in the plant shown here is entirely passed from one generation to the next?
A. the amount of seeds that survive being eaten by herbivores
B. the number of other plants that compete for water
C. the length of the spines that it produces
D. the amount of sunlight it receives
Answer:
The length of the spines that it produces is the trait that is entirely passed from one generation to the next.
Answer:
C. the length of the spines that it produces
Brianna is observing a plastic pipe and a styrofoam plate. She notices that the plastic pipe is attracted towards the charged styrofoam plate. What does this most likely tell Brianna about the charges of the two objects?
They have positive charges.
They have negative charges.
They have opposite charges.
The two objects have no interaction.
if you begin with the highest amount of available entropy, which phase change would represent a decrease in entropy?
Entropy and the disorder of the substance both diminish as a result of a phase transition from a liquid to a solid (freezing) or from a gas to a liquid (condensation).
Entropy rises with temperature as well as when a substance transforms from a solid to a liquid to a gas. Because they may move about the most freely, gases have the highest entropy levels. As a result of the phase melting, which results in a larger internal energy change, the entropy changes during phase transition increase. The transition from a gaseous or liquid phase to a solid phase occurs when the phase is moving toward lower internal energy, which results in a drop in the system's entropy.
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which of the properties are desirable of a gravimetric analysis precipitate? insoluble easily filterable pure forms a colloidal suspension small particle size
The properties which are desirable of a gravimetric analysis precipitate are:
insoluble, easily filterable, pure and small particle size.
Gravimetric analysis precipitates should be insoluble in the solution from which they were generated. This guarantees that the mass of the precipitate can be determined accurately.
The precipitate should be easily filterable, which means it should form a compact, well-defined layer on the filter paper without passing through the filter paper's pores. This allows for the precipitate to be easily separated from the solution and any contaminants.
The precipitate should be pure, which means it should be free of any contaminants that might impair the gravimetric analysis's accuracy. Any contaminants in the precipitate might contribute to an overestimation of the analyte.
Small particle size is preferred because it increases the surface area of the precipitate, allowing for the thorough elimination of any contaminants that may be present. Also, tiny particles settle faster, which might shorten the time required for the gravimetric analysis's precipitation stage.
A colloidal suspension is undesirable because it implies that the particles are too tiny to settle out of the solution and may be difficult to separate during the filtering process. This might result in insufficient precipitation and erroneous data.
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what is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron in the 3p orbital? fill in the blanks with a whole number no decimals n
[tex]\begin{equation}\mathrm{n}=3, \rho=1, \mathrm{m_e}=-1,0, \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1 / 2 \text { or }-1 / 2\end{equation}[/tex] is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron in the 3p orbital, with a whole number no decimals n.
The quantum state of an electron in an atom or molecule is determined by four separate elements known as quantum numbers. With the use of these numbers, it is possible to forecast the energy, location, and orientation of the electrons within an atom. The orbital's size is defined by the electron's principal quantum number, n, which also serves as an energy level indicator. The azimuthal quantum number, l, describes the geometry of the orbital, while the magnetic quantum number, ml, determines its direction in space. An electron's spin is defined by its spin quantum number, or ms. These illustrations are crucial for understanding atomic and molecular properties since they collectively give a full explanation of the electron.
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The actual question is:
Fill in the blanks,
__________________ is a correct set of quantum numbers for an electron in the 3p orbital, with a whole number no decimals n
A) [tex]\begin{equation}\mathrm{n}=3, \rho=1, \mathrm{m_e}=-1,0, \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1 / 2 \text { or }-1 / 2\end{equation}[/tex]
B) [tex]\begin{equation}\mathrm{n}=3, \rho=2, \mathrm{m_e}=-2,0, \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1 / 2 \text { or }-1 / 2\end{equation}[/tex]
C) [tex]\begin{equation}\mathrm{n}=2, \rho=2, \mathrm{m_e}=-1,0, \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1 / 2 \text { or }-1 / 2\end{equation}[/tex]
D) [tex]\begin{equation}\mathrm{n}=2, \rho=3, \mathrm{m_e}=-1,0, \mathrm{~m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1 / 2 \text { or }-1 / 2\end{equation}[/tex]
imagine a population that is polymorphic at the a locus. if the frequency of the a allele is 80% and the frequency of the a allele is 20%, what proportion of the population would you expect be heterozygotes?
You would anticipate that heterozygotes would make up 0.0016 of the population. if the an allele frequency is 20% and the an allele frequency is 80%
AA × AA = 0.4096
AA × Aa = 0.4096
AA × aa = 0.0512
Aa × Aa = 0.1024
Aa × aa = 0.0256
aa × aa = 0.0016
The genotype of the organism is heterozygous. In a heterozygous pairing, a dominant allele will take precedence over a recessive allele's features. However, certain alleles may be codominant, which means that neither one operates as dominant or recessive. The human ABO blood group system is one illustration.
homozygote, a living being with identical gene pairs (also known as alleles) for a certain attribute. The organism is said to be homozygous for a characteristic if both of the two gametes (sex cells) that merge during fertilisation possess the identical form of the gene for that trait. The genes for a certain characteristic differ in heterozygous organisms, often known as heterozygotes.
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which of the following should be most soluble in water? group of answer choices o2(g) vitamin a (a mostly nonpolar molecule) i2(s) vitamin c (a very good hydrogen bonder) c6h6(l)
The following are soluble in water;
vitamin c
How do you determine solubility in water?The solubility of a substance in water refers to the amount of the substance that can dissolve in a given amount of water at a specific temperature and pressure.
The solubility of a substance can be determined by conducting an experiment in which a known amount of the substance is added to a known amount of water, and the mixture is stirred until no more of the substance can dissolve. The concentration of the dissolved substance can then be determined by measuring its mass, volume or concentration using a suitable method.
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calculate the mass percent of a sucrose solution that is made by mixing 3.950 grams of sucrose into water until the solution has a mass of 20.6 grams
The mass percent of the sucrose solution is 19.17%, thus we can calculate it using the formula mass percent = (mass of solute mass of solution) 100%.
We must ascertain the masses of the sucrose and the total solution in order to calculate the mass percent of a sucrose solution. The following formula can be used: (Mass of Solute - Mass of Solution) / 100% = mass percent where the mass of the solution is the sum of the mass of the solute (sucrose) and the mass of the water. We must first calculate the sucrose's mass: Sucrose has a mass of 3.950 g. The total mass of the solution must then be determined: mass of solution = 20.6 g. We may now get the mass percent using the following formula: 19.17% is the mass percentage (3.950 g x 20.6 g) x 100%. The sucrose solution's mass percentage is 19.17% as a result.
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19. 50 cc of N/2 HCl and 10 cc of 2N H₂SO4 solutions are mixed with 0.4 g of NaOH. Calculate the normality of resulting mixture. [0.583N]
The normality of the resulting mixture is 0.583N.
What is the Normality of a mixture?The normality is described as the number of gram or mole equivalents of solute present in one liter of a solution.
How to calculate the normality:
First, let's calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 0.4 g of the compound:
Molar mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g/mol
Number of moles of NaOH = 0.4 g / 40 g/mol = 0.01 mol
Next, we need to calculate the total number of acid equivalents in the mixture of HCl and H₂SO4:
Number of acid equivalents of HCl = (50 cc / 1000) L x (N/2) = 0.025 N LNumber of acid equivalents of H₂SO4 = (10 cc / 1000) L x (2N) = 0.02 N LTotal number of acid equivalents = 0.025 N L + 0.02 N L = 0.045 N LSince NaOH is a strong base and reacts completely with the acid, the number of moles of NaOH is equal to the number of acid equivalents in the mixture.
Therefore, the normality of the resulting mixture is:
Normality = number of acid equivalents / volume of the mixture in liters
Normality = 0.045 N L / ((50 + 10) cc / 1000) L = 0.583 N
So the normality of the resulting mixture is 0.583N.
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A 60.00g sample of tetraethyl lead, a gasoline additive, is found to contain 38.43g lead, 17.83g carbon, and 3.74g hydrogen. Find its empirical formula.
In a 60g sample of tetraethyl-lead, a gasoline is addictive, is found to contain 38.43g lead, 17.83g carbon and 3.74g hydrogen, its empirical formula is PbC₆H₂₀.
What is empirical formula ?The term Empirical formula is defined as the chemical formula of a compound that gives the ratios of the elements present in the compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms.
The percentage mass of Pb = 38.43/60 × 100
= 64.05 %
The percentage mass of C = 17.83/60 × 100
= 29.71%
The percentage mass of H = 3.74/60 × 100
= 6.23%
Now,
Pb → 64.05/207
= 0.3094
C ⇾ 29.71/12
= 2.475
H ⇾ 6.23/1
= 6.23
Therefore, the ratio is as follows:
Pb : C : H = 1 : 8 : 20
Thus, empirical formula is PbC₆H₂₀.
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A single M&M has a mass of 0.89g. If the formula of chocolate is C7H8N4O2, how many molecules are in an M&M?
Answer:
3x10^21molecules
Explanation:
convert 0.89g to a mole by finding the molar mass of C7H8N4O2. Divide 0.89 by 180g(molar mass) then multiply it by 6.02x10^23 and it equals 2.9766x10^21 on the calculator and you round to the nearest sig fig.
Which one of the following can be classified as a weak electrolyte? A) HBr B) CaF2 C) OBrz D) HF E) Fz
The correct answer is
E) F2 can be classified as a weak electrolyte
The atomic number of fluorine is nine, and its chemical symbol is F. It is the palest halogen and is normally an exceedingly deadly pale yellow diatomic gas. It is the most electronegative reactive element and is extremely reactive, interacting with all other elements except for light inert gases.Fluorine atoms have nine electrons, one fewer than neon, and their electron configuration is 1s22s22p5—two in a full inner shell and seven in an empty outer shell. The physical properties of the atom are affected by the large effective nuclear charge (9 2 = 7) and insufficient nuclear shielding of the outer electrons.
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6) Using the following balanced equation 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
a) How many moles of product would be produced by complete reaction of 0.15 moles of magnesium? (Be sure to
show your work including the mole ratio you used)
slip is an acid-resistant resin used to make aquatints. true/false
False. Slip is a liquid clay used in ceramics to create molds or to cast objects. It is not related to the making of aquatints, which is a printmaking technique that involves etching a metal plate with acid to create areas of tone.
Aquatint is a technique that allows for the creation of areas of tone in a print, similar to the effects of washes or watercolors. The process involves applying a fine resin powder to a metal plate, which is then heated to create a layer of resin that is acid-resistant. The plate is then etched with acid, which bites into the exposed metal and creates areas of tone. Slip, on the other hand, is used in ceramics to create molds, as it can be poured or brushed onto a surface and dried to a hard, plaster-like consistency.
While slip and aquatint are not related, they are both materials used in creative processes. Slip is essential for the creation of ceramics, while aquatint is a valuable tool for printmakers looking to create tonal effects in their work. Both materials require a level of technical skill and attention to detail in their use, making them challenging but rewarding mediums for artists to work with.
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If 4.67 mol of ethane (C2H6) undergo combustion according to the unbalanced equation C2H6 + O2 −→ CO2 + H2O , how many moles of O2 is required? Answer in units of mol.
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 16.345 moles of O₂ are required if 4.67 mol of ethane undergo combustion.
Reaction stoichiometryThe balanced reaction is:
2 C₂H₆ + 7 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₂H₆: 2 molesO₂: 7 molesCO₂: 4 molesH₂O: 6 molesMoles of O₂ requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of C₂H₆ react with 7 moles of O₂, 4.67 moles of C₂H₆ react with how many moles of O₂?
moles of O₂= (4.67 moles of C₂H₆× 7 moles of O₂) ÷2 moles of C₂H₆
moles of O₂= 16.345 moles
Finally, 16.345 moles of O₂ are required.
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dissociation of(NH4)2SO4 and hydrolysis
Dissociation of (NH4)2SO4 refers to the process by which ammonium sulfate ionizes in aqueous solution to produce ions.
Hydrolysis, on the other hand, is a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a substance to produce new molecules.
What is the reaction of the dissociation of(NH4)2SO4?Ammonium sulfate is a salt that consists of two ammonium ions (NH4+) and one sulfate ion (SO4^2-). In water, the ionic bonds in ammonium sulfate break apart and the ions become hydrated, meaning they are surrounded by water molecules.
The equation for the dissociation of ammonium sulfate in water is shown below:
(NH4)2SO4 + H2O ⇒ 2NH4+ + SO4^2-
Hydrolysis
In the context of ammonium sulfate, hydrolysis refers to the reaction between the ammonium ion (NH4+) and the hydroxide ion (OH-) to produce a new molecule.
The equation for the hydrolysis of ammonium sulfate in water is shown below:
NH4+ + OH- -> NH3 + H2O
It's important to note that while dissociation and hydrolysis both involve the reaction of a substance with water, they produce different products and have different effects on the substance. Dissociation leads to the formation of ions, while hydrolysis leads to the formation of new molecules.
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Which one of the following amino acids is MOST likely to participate in hydrogen bonding with water?
valine
alanine
leucine
asparagine
phenylalanine
Asparagine is the amino acid most likely to form a hydrogen bond with water (Asn).
The side chain of asparagine has an amide functional group (-CONH-), which can serve as both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. As a result, asparagine is more hydrophilic (loves water) than the other amino acids listed because it may interact with water molecules via hydrogen bonding. The amino acids valine (Val), leucine (Leu), and phenylalanine (Phe) are hydrophobic (averse to water) because they lack functional groups on their side chains that can form hydrogen bonds with water. The side chain of the amino acid alanine (Ala) has a methyl functional group (-CH3) that is hydrophobic and does not engage in hydrogen bonding. As a result, asparagine is the amino acid that has the highest likelihood of forming a hydrogen bond with water.
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a kilocalorie of heat is required to raise the temperature of:____.
One kilogramme of water needs one kilocalorie (kcal) of heat to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius (°C). It takes 4.18 kilocalories of heat to raise the temperature of 1 kilogramme of water by 1 degree Celsius.
As a result of a temperature difference, energy can be transferred from one body to another in the form of heat. It is a cornerstone of thermodynamics and is essential to many organic and synthetic processes. Heat is a form of energy that can be transmitted through radiation, conduction, and convection. Heat is created when particles in matter move about. In daily life, we encounter heat in the form of hot drinks, heated spaces, and warmth from the sun. Heat is employed in industry for a number of processes, including manufacturing, power generation, and cooking. Other scientific fields that depend on heat include physics, chemistry, and engineering.
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Using scanning tunneling microscopy, scientists at IBM wrote the initials of their company with 35 individual xenon atoms. Calculate the total mass of these letters in grams (mXe=131.29amu).
Express your answer using four significant figures.
Scientists at IBM used scanning tunnelling microscopy to write the initials of their corporation using 35 individual xenon atoms. The mass of the xenon atom is 7.631 x 10⁻²¹ g
The concept involved in the given problem is mass conversion. The mass conversion establishes connections between grams, moles and atoms. Mole can be used to relate mass of substance to the number of atoms.
Mole is the chemical unit to express the amount of a substance. One mole consists of Avogadro’s number of atoms that is
6.022 x 10²³ atoms
1 mol = 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
The Avogadro’s number acts as a conversion factor between the number of atoms and the number of moles.
The number of moles of a substance can be calculated using following formula:
Number of moles = Number of atoms divided by Avogadro number
The moles of a substance can be converted to grams of the substance using the following formula:
Grams = Moles x Atomic mass
Step: 1
Calculate the moles of Xe atoms by using the relation as follows:
Number of moles = Number of atoms divided by Avogadro number
Thus,
mol of Xe = number of atoms / Avogadro number
= 35/6.022x10²³
= 5.812 x 10⁻²³ mol
Explanation:
The Avogadro’s number acts as a conversion factor between number of atoms and moles. So, divide the number of atoms by Avogadro’s number to get the moles of Xe atoms.
Hint:
Convert the moles of Xe to grams.
Step: 2
Calculate the total mass of letters from the moles of Xe using the following relation:
Grams of Xe = (Moles of Xe) x (Atomic mass of Xe)
=(5.812 x 10⁻²³ mol) x (131.29 gmol⁻¹)
= 7.631 x 10⁻²¹ g Xe
Mole of a substance relates mass of substance to the number of atoms. Convert the number of atoms to moles of Xe using Avogadro’s number. Then convert moles to grams of Xe atoms by multiplying moles with atomic mass of Xe.
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the attractive force between water molecules that results from hydrogen bonding is called__________
The attractive force between water molecules that results from hydrogen bonding is called hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that arises when hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to atoms of high electronegativity, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine. These hydrogen bonds form strong attractions between the molecules, giving water its high surface tension and other unique properties. These hydrogen bonds form strong attractions between the molecules, giving water its unique properties such as high surface tension, high boiling point, and low vapor pressure. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the stability of many biological molecules such as DNA and proteins, and for the increased solubility of many compounds in water.
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