What are some signs of chemical change?

Ionic compound: Metal + Nonmetal (usually)

Ionic compound: metal + polyatomic ion (usually)

Covalent compound: Nonmetal + Nonmetal (usually)

covalent compound: hydrogen and a nonmetal (usually)

Acid: An chemical molecule is referred to as an acid when it dissolves in water or reacts with other chemicals to produce H+ ions. such as hydrochloric acid. H+ ions are produced in this chemical reaction by HCl. Thus, it is an acid.

In general, hydrogen comes first in the formula for an acid. If an acid only contains two components, it is known as hydro- -ic acid. Hydrochloric acid is an example of HCl. And HBr is the chemical formula for hydrobromic acid.

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The number of electrons in the valence shell determines conductivity. Metals, for instance, have a gap in their valence shell. This makes it simple to stimulate electrons so they can switch bands. There are no open electron sites in the outer shell of semiconductors and insulators.

For this to happen, an electron must have sufficient energy to cross into a different band. Consequently, a wider gap must be filled, using more energy. The band gap of insulators is wider than that of semiconductors. Therefore, the conductivity of a material has a direct relationship with the band gap size.The ability of water to conduct an electrical current is measured by its conductivity. Conductivity rises with salinity because dissolved salts and other inorganic compounds carry electrical current. Oil and other organic materials have a low electrical conductivity in water because they do not conduct electricity well. Temperature also has an impact on conductivity; the higher the conductivity, the warmer the water. Conductivity is a helpful indicator of water quality in general.

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The diagram is erroneous if there is an imbalance between the number of electrons displayed in lewis structure and the number of valence electrons.

Fails to explain how a molecule is shaped. - It was unable to explain how energy was released when covalent connections were formed.

A genuine Lewis structure has been created if every atom from the second period and up has at least an octet, no element from the second period has more than an octet, and the total number of electrons in bonds and lone pairs equals the total number of valence electrons accessible.

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/yfhjfjhnfj kugj,hgbjh,kug kkgh,u,kghgvy, jtfg

When the water in a solution evaporates, elements and compounds that were dissolved in it crystallise.

What are substances and elements?

The pure versions of the chemicals that are found on the surface of the earth are known as chemical elements. There is a periodic table with 180 elements in it, and they are organised by increasing atomic number.

Oxygen and hydrogen combine to form the molecule known as water. Heat causes elements to crystallise when they come into touch with it.

A solution is a mixture in which one ingredient has been dissolved in another. When chemicals that are dissolved in water start to separate from the solution, crystallisation occurs. Minerals are created in this manner both underground and in aquatic bodies.

They turn to crystal.

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If a reaction is spontaneous then The value ∆G is negative,∆E is positive and Keq is greater than 1.

A spontaneous reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs without the addition of energy. This type of reaction is spontaneous because it is exothermic and releases energy into the surroundings.

Examples of spontaneous reactions include burning, rusting, and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

It is given that the reaction is spontaneous. Therefore we can assume that the Gibbs energy is negative for a spontaneous reaction. Then,

∆G = -nFEeq

And ∆E is given by rearranging as,

∆E = -nF/∆G

This indicates that ∆E is positive and its value is above zero whereas ∆G is negative and its value is less than zero.

Also, we know that

Keq = 10^-(∆GRT2.303)

Keq > 1

Therefore, the value of ∆G is negative,∆E is positive and Keq is greater than 1 for the spontaneous reaction.

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When the denominators of two terms in a partial fraction expansion are complex conjugates, the two associated Ks are (complex roots).

Definition of partial fraction

Partial fractions are defined as the fractions that are used for the decomposition of a rational expression. When any algebraic expression is splits into a sum of two or more rational expressions, then each part of the algebraic expression is called as a partial fraction.

We can apply lapcae and inverse laplace for finding the complex roots from its complex conjugates in a partial fraction.

Hence, when the denominators of two terms in a partial fraction expansion are complex conjugates then the two associated Ks are (complex roots).

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NaCl Solution Electrolysis

At cathode: reduction  => 2Na+(l) + e– → Na(l)

At anode: oxidation => 2Cl–(l) → Cl2(g) + 2e–

Net Reaction is written as: 2Na +(l) + 2Cl–(l) → 2Na(l) + Cl2(g)

Potassium lodide Solution Electrolysis

At the cathode potassium ions are discharged:

K+  + e → K

At the anode iodide ions are discharged:

I− →1/2 I₂+ e

Two competing reactions are possible at both cathode and anode. At Cathode: reduction reaction: at pH =7

Water can be reduced to hydrogen gas or Sodium ions reduced to sodium metal.

2H2O(l) + 2e– → H2(g) + 2OH

Na+(l) + e– → Na(l)

At anode: Oxidation reaction: at pH =7. Water can be oxidized to oxygen or chloride ion oxidized to chlorine molecule.

2H2O → O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e

2Cl– → Cl2 + 2e

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A 500mL rubbing alcohol contains 350mL of isopropyl alcohol.

How to Calculate for Solute

  1. Identify the given.

% v/v = 70% or 0.70

mL of solution = 500mL (rubbing alcohol)

 2. Identify which quantity is required.

mL of solute = ? (isopropyl alcohol)

 3. List down the equation to be used.

mL of Solute = (% v/v)(mL of solution)

 4. Then, substitute the given quantities in the equation.

mL of solute = (0.70)(500mL)

5. Simplify or solve the equation, and interpret the answer.

mL of solute = 350mL of isopropyl alcohol

Interpretation: There is 350mL of isopropyl alcohol in a 500mL rubbing alcohol solution.

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Thus, the total pressure is 0.184 atm.

What is Pressure?

The amount of pressure exerted (thrust) on a floor in line with unit place is described as ‘pressure’. It can also be defined as the ratio of the force to the place (over which the pressure is performing).

The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object in step with unit vicinity over which that force is sent.

PV=nRT is the ideal gas equation.

Where P denotes pressure, V denotes volume, n is the number of moles, R denotes the gas constant, and T denotes temperature.

As a result, the temperature of the  sample will only be doubled, with the same volume and number of moles. Because temperature and pressure are inextricably linked, if one rises, the other must rise as well, resulting in a pressure of 0.092 atm.

The following are the steps in the breakdown process: Decomposition reaction:  ⇄  +

As a result, 1 mole of   produces 2 moles of products (1 of each), and n doubles. The pressure will double to 0.184 atm since the volume and temperature are now constants, and the pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles.

Thus, the total pressure is 0.184 atm.

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Chlorine has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen but the attraction of the chlorine atom for electrons is not sufficient to remove an electron from hydrogen.

Check all features below that you included in your Lewis structure.

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for the following accounts Theoretical yield was calculated incorrectly

The random error that results from measuring the masses of the reactants and the product (+ or - 0.001 g?) could cause experimental error in a yield measurement. Or it can be a deliberate mistake brought on by impurities that are still in the final product (and artificially inflating its mass). Because the real yield is frequently lower than the theoretical value, percent yield is typically lower than 100%. This may be due to incomplete or conflicting reactions or sample loss during recovery.

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The molecules which are chiral are all of the atoms on one should superimpose on atoms of the same color in the other. Yes.

Yes, the model represents enantiomers. Because it has non-superimposable mirror image.

2. No

3. different

Objects that possess plane of symmtery will never be chiral. Because one of the property of the chiral molecule is, it has no plane of symmetry or centre of symmetry. for example ,take our hand, it doesn't has the property of plane of symmetry. if a molecule possess plane of symmetry it will be an achiral molecule. When we split achiral molecule into two halves, one molecular half will be the exact reflection of the another half of the molecule.

In tetrahedral carbon, if the carbon bonds with four different groups or atoms there will be a symmetry lose. So that it is asymmetric.

3-methyl hexane possess plane of symmetry.

no chiral carbon present

4th carbon atom is chiral

The chiral carbon is present in 4th carbon atom

* All the models are not superimposable

*They are not identical

*Non identical structures with the same molecular formula are called enantiomers.

Baseball bat - Achiral

nail - Achiral

Baseball gloves - Achiral

Baseball - Chiral

Screw - Chiral

Spiral staircase - Chiral

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Answer:

AG rxn=+394.4 kJ

Explanation:

The orbitals 4px, 4py, and 4pz make up the 4p subshell. Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, while the p orbital has a total of six electrons.

In the orbital 4p, the p stands in for the azimuthal quantum number, while the 4 stands for the main quantum number (n) (l).

For a 4p electron:

N and L are fixed quantum numbers. ml might be -1, -1, or +1.

This informs you that there are three 4p orbitals, as was already mentioned. The spin quantum number, ms, may equal 1/2.

The following six quantum number sets (n, l, ml, ms) are so possible:

1. (n, l, ml, ms) = (4, 1, -1, +1/2)

2. (n, l, ml, ms) = (4, 1, 0, +1/2)

3. (n, l, ml, ms) = (4, 1, +1, +1/2)

4. (n, l, ml, ms) = (4, 1, -1, -1/2)

5. (n, l, ml, ms) = (4, 1, 0, -1/2)

6. (n, l, ml, ms) = (4, 1, +1, -1/2)

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The equilibrium constant of the system can be obtained as  2.6.

We know that we have to obtain the equilibrium constant by setting up the ICE table of the reaction as we can see in the portion below and this is shown as;

           A    +    B ⇆          C

I       0.238     0.238          0

C    -x                -x               +x

E    0.238 - x   0.238 - x        0.072

At equilibrium, we would have;

[A] =  0.238 - 0.072

= 0.166

[B] = 0.238 - 0.072

= 0.166

Then;

K = [C]/[A] [B]

K = [0.072]/(0.166)^2

K = 2.6

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The type of the bond is present Na₃PO₄ is the ionic bond. the Na₃PO₄ is the ionic compound. yes the Na₃PO₄ is the polyatomic ion.

The Na₃PO₄ is Na⁺  and PO₄³⁻. the phosphorus is the non metal and the oxygen atom  is the non metal. the non meta and non meta form the covalent or molecular bond. the bond between the PO₄³⁻ bond is the covalent bond but the overall present in the Na₃PO₄ is the ionic bond . the bons in between the Na⁺  and PO₄³⁻ is the the ionic bond. the PO₄³⁻ id the polyatomic ion .

The bond between the positively charged ion and the negatively charged ion are called as the ionic bond and the compound form is the ionic compound.

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Equal volumes of propane, C₃H₈, and carbon monoxide, CO, at the same temperature a) the number of molecules.

a) the number of molecules are same this is true. the ideal gas equation is given as :

P V = n R T

n = P V / R T

a mole of gas contains Avogadro's number of molecules . so, the number of molecules are equal.

b) average molecular speed is depends on the molar mass and the have different molar mass. so, this statement is not true.

c) the no. of atoms are same is also not true. because the propane contains 11 atoms per molecule and the carbon monoxide contains the only two atoms.

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a) The equation for the ionization energy of fluorine is; [tex]F---- > F^+ + e[/tex]

b) Fluorine has a greater nuclear charge than oxygen

c) The first ionization energy of xenon is greater than that of fluorine because it has more nuclear charge than fluorine

d) The Lewis dot structures are shown in the images attached.

e i) The geometry is trigonal pyramidal

e ii) The [tex]Xe F_{4}[/tex] is [tex]sp^3d^2[/tex] hybridized and is square planar

f) The molecule is polar because it is not symmetrical

We know that the ionization energy has to do with the energy that must be supplied so as to be remove an electron from the atom. We know that the ionization energy does increase across the period but it would decrease down the group.

The reason for the increase in the ionization energy across the period would be the fact that the nuclear charge increases across the period but remains the same down the group.

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Prokaryotic transcription happens in the cytoplasm, where Eukaryotic transcription happens inside the nucleus. Proteins referred to as transcriptional factors are required for eukaryotic transcription but not for prokaryotic transcription.

Eukaryotic cells carry out transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. Translation starts while the mRNA is still being created in a prokaryotic cell because transcription and translation are linked together during this process.

Prokaryotic transcription is the process by which the genetic material in prokaryotes is converted into messenger RNA transcripts, which are then translated to make proteins.

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Location of groups periods and elements in the periodic table

Fluorine (F)

in group 1

2

in group 18

The alkaline earth metals

in the 2

That of the scandium family, also called that of rare earths and actinides

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Moles Fe = 209.7 g / 55.847 = 3.75

the ratio between CO and Fe is 3 : 2

Moles CO needed = 3.75 x 3 / 2 = 5.63

Mass CO = 5.63 mol x 28.01 g/mol =157.7 g

Adenine-thymine base pairs can be found in nucleic acid #1 but they are absent from nucleic acid #2.

Additionally to certain viruses, it is present in all cells. A wide range of tasks are performed by nucleic acids, including the production of new cells, the processing and storage of genetic data, the synthesis of proteins, and the production of energy cells.

The genetic information contained in nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), is read by cells to produce the RNA and proteins necessary for life. This data may be replicated and passed on to the following generation thanks to the DNA double helix's well-known structure.

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N>P>Al>Na are the elements in decreasing order of electronegativity.

What is electronegativity ?

The propensity of an element's atom to draw a shared pair of electrons toward it in a covalent connection is known as its electronegativity.

What order do the components of electronegativity follow?

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The Formal charge is present on carbon which is +1. It has a triangular planer shape with sp2  hybridization- the concept of mixing two atomic orbitals to give rise to a new type of hybridized orbitals.

valence electron is an elementary particle in an atom's outer shell that really can take part in the development of a chemical bond if the outer layer is not shutdown. Both atoms inside a single covalent bond make a contribution each valence electron to create a shared pair. Valence electrons are ionic found in an organism's outermost shell. So because electrons in the outermost shells of two or more atoms are the first to come into contact with each other and decide how an atom might very well respond in a chemical process when two or more atoms interact. Numerous important molecules in your body, such as proteins, DNA, RNA, sugars, and fats, are composed of carbon atoms.

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When molecules begin to react, then the rate of the forward reaction is faster than the rate of reverse reaction: true

When molecules begin to react, rate of the forward reaction is faster than  reverse reaction. As reactants are consumed and products accumulated, the rate of the forward reaction decreases and rate of the reverse reaction increases.

Greater is the activation energy, slower is the reaction. Therefore, reverse reaction, for the exothermic reaction, has a greater activation energy than the forward reaction. Therefore, the reverse reaction proceeds at a slower rate than the forward reaction.

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There are four different blocks in the periodic table. These are S block, P block , D block and F block.

Blocks are the set of Elements in the periodic table  grouped by their valence electron orbitals. Each block indicates which electron sublevel is in the process of being filled. S block elements are on the left side of the periodic table except helium. The p-block elements are on the right side of the periodic table. They include the last six element groups of the table. D-block elements display properties between those of the highly reactive electropositive s-block elements and the more electronegative p-block elements. This is why they are called “transition” metals. The f-block elements or inner transition metals are the lanthanides and actinides.

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Lipids stored in adipose cells are released into the blood in the form of Fatty acids and transported in the blood bound to or part of Albumin.Hence option A is correct.

All living cells are made up of lipids, which are fatty, waxy, or oily substances that are crucial to numerous bodily processes. Lipids aid in hormone regulation, nerve impulse transmission, organ cushioning, and the storage of energy in the form of body fat.

Phospholipids, sterols (which include the many types of cholesterol), and triglycerides—which make up more than 95% of the lipids in food—are the three primary categories of lipids. Fried foods, animal fats, and dairy products like cream, butter, and cheese contain higher levels of lipids than other dietary groups.

Lipids stored in adipose cells are released into the blood in the form of Fatty acids and transported in the blood bound to or part of Albumin. Hence option A is correct.

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Given statement is True Regarding Gc analysis.

A GC analysis will not require a response factor run because the products are constitutional isomers.

Gas chromatography (GC), along with other chromatographic techniques, is vitally important in forensic science to separate substances of analytical interest. GC is the primary technique for the analysis of fire residues.

GC is used as one test to help identify components of a large liquid mixture and determine their relative concentration. It may also be used to separate and purify components of a mixture. Additionally, gas chromatography can be used to determine vapor pressure, heat of solution, and activity coefficients.

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Answer: