M. J. Schleiden:
In the year 1838, a German botanist presented the first cell theory (Although his theory was ultimately disproved, it did contribute to a change in scientific focus to cellular processes.)
What is cell?All living creatures and body tissues are made up of the smallest unit that can live on its own. The cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. The cell membrane encloses the cell and regulates the molecules that enter and exit it.
His theory: Cells make up all plant tissues, and an embryonic plant is made up of just one cell. He declared that the cell is the fundamental building block of all plant matter.
Louis Pasteur- 1855 - German physiologist, physician, pathologist; and anthropologist. Added a third to the cell theory: Omnis Cellula e cellula (all cells develop only from existing cells).- Implied that there was no Spontaneous generation.
Rudolf Virchow- In 1862 he conducted a famous experiment supporting the theory that cells can only come from other cells.
His experiment:
Steralized flasks with straight and curved necks were used to heat nutrient broths. Bacteria only developed in the straight necks because bacteria cells from the air settled in the S-shaped necks' curves. Spontaneous gen did not produce proven cells in the broth.
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Rudolf Virchow's and Louis Pasteur's contradicted the theory of spontaneous generation, which state that a living organism originates from non-living matter.
According to this theory, it was believed that dust creates fleas, maggot arises from the rotten meat, wheat and bread left in the dark corner producing mice.
Louis Pasteur was the first scientist to prove that cells originate from pre-existing cells.
Rudolf Virchow proposed that Omnis cellula e cellula, which means each cell comes from another cell.
What is a cell?All living creatures and body tissues are made up of the smallest unit that can live on its own. The cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. The cell membrane encloses the cell and regulates the molecules that enter and exit it.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells with fewer chromosomes>
Answer:
A. It saves energy for the organism to produce fewer chromosomes.
B. Asexual reproduction requires fewer chromosomes than sexual
reproduction
C. If it did not, the chromosome number would double in each
generation
D. Organisms reproduce sexually by joining two tetrads together.
What are some land adaptations of vertebrates?
The vertebrates that first invaded the land possessed a series of pre-adaptations, such as air-breathing and limb-based locomotion, that allowed them to move about effectively on land; however, other behaviors such as reproduction and swallowing likely tied these vertebrates to the water
When moving to land, animals faced several changes to adapt to the new environment, like lung and limbs development, tegumentary cover, and internal fertilization.
Which are the adaptations of vertebrates to land habits?
Any change to a new environment needs adaptations.
Aquatic animals had to face many changes in their morphology and physiology when changing to terrestrial habits. Some of them are,
Lung developmentThe most significant change is probably lung development, needed to produce gas interchange between tissues and the air.
Once on the ground, animals need to interchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with air. They managed to do so through the respiration process in which the circulatory and respiratory systems work together.
Tegumentary coverAnimals needed to develop a new thicker and harder tegumentary cover.
It needed to be more resistant, especially to avoid or reduce dehydration.
Also, the tegument provides protection when facing new environmental pressures -predation among them-.
Limbs developmentAnother significant change was limb development, which was obviously needed to move on the ground.
Locomotion on the ground required a new pattern of bone arrangement and many muscle changes.
The muscular system suffered many modifications because animals needed to move facing gravity pressure.
Internal fertilizationAnimals needed to face another change related to their reproductive system.
They could no longer make use of external fertilization, as they used to do in aquatic environments.
They developed reproductive organs needed to insert sperm cells into the female body and fertilize the egg cells inside the females.
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A(n) ________ may be used to outline structures of the urinary system, including any stones larger than 2 mm.
A kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) may be used to outline the structure of a urinary system, including any stone that is larger than 2 millimeters.
What is a urinary system?A urinary system can be defined as a living system that is saddled with the responsibility of removing excess and unwanted waste fluids from the body of a living organism, so as to prevent damage to the body and help maintain homeostasis.
In Medicine, a kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) may be used by a urologist to outline the structure of a urinary system, including any stone that is larger than 2 millimeters.
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What happens to the ecosystem’s resilienceto disturbance
Why are arthropodes the most diverse group
Arthropods are the most diverse group of living organisms because they have developed a better adaptation to different environments.
What are arthropods?Arthropods are invertebrate animals of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.
Arthropods are represented in every habitat on Earth and show a wide variety of adaptations.
Therefore, Arthropods are the most diverse group of living organisms because they have developed a better adaptation to different environments.
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