what are the functions of :
1) Cytoplasm
2) Plasmid
3) DNA in nucleoid
4) Plasma Membrane
5) Cell Wall
6) Capsule
7) Pilus
8) Flagellum

Answer:

Probably 1, 6, and 5.  I'm guessing the answer is whichever ones don't have a nucleus

Explanation:

Binary fission is common among prokaryotes (cells without a defined nucleus)

Answer:

Crossing over

Explanation:

crossing over

Transduction is the process by which neuronal impulses are produced from the energy of sensory stimuli.

In order to produce a sensation, internal biochemical and/or electrical impulses must first undergo a process known as sensory transduction. These signals are then transmitted to and processed by various levels of the central nervous system.

These neurons are photoreceptors, which are the only retinal cells capable of converting light into nerve impulses. These impulses are then sent from the photoreceptor layer to the bipolar neurons in the second layer, followed by the ganglion neurons in the third layer.

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The diverse portions of the evidence that commonplace ancestry are homologous organs, fossil data, and embryological studies.

Some of the bodily proof, bloodstain is one of the maximum commonplace biological portions of proof at the crime scene, especially in violent crimes. Bloodstains are often visible on the crime scene and can be easily detected due to their shade and structure.

Biological evidence may be referred to as biological materials or substances including hair, tissue, bones, teeth, blood, semen, or different physical fluids including objects containing biological cloth, and used to corroborate and offer to imply proofing assertions or claims in trials.

Additionally, biological material can be a source of DNA which could allow an individual to be related to a scene and a specific biological sample. DNA may be obtained from a diffusion of resources consisting of blood, skin cells, semen, hair, saliva, and tissue. sure sorts of DNA evidence are more probative than others.

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Hexokinase solely changes glucose into glucose-6-phosphate; it does not catalyse the breakdown of ATP. Due to this compatibility, hexokinase binds to glucose but not to water, and the structural change is necessary for hexokinase to become catalytically active.

Adenosine triphosphate is utilised and stored as energy at the cellular level (ATP). The structure of ATP, a nucleoside triphosphate, is made up of adenine, ribose, and three serially bound phosphate groups. A substance that can be used as a catalyst to accelerate a reaction without being consumed. Catalysts often reduce a process's activation energy or change its mechanism. Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts in biological processes.

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Answer and Explanation: Because the runner is running at a constant velocity, the velocity is not changing, this means the rate of change of velocity would be 0. So the answer is c) Their acceleration is zero.

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The products of the link reaction pyruvate oxidation occur in the mitochondrial matrix during the Krebs cycle and its product (i.e. reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) goes to the oxidative phosphorylation process in the electron transport chain.

Pyruvate oxidation refers to the reaction which is associated with the oxidation of pyruvate to generate acetyl CoA, which is used to generate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide that acts as a reducing agent in the oxidative phosphorylation.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that pyruvate oxidation is aimed at generating ATP by the production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

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The fusing of golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate of dividing plant cells forms  a cell plate.

Metaphase plate is an imaginary line that's equidistant from the 2 poles. throughout metaphase the chromosomes assemble on the metaphase plate, an imaginary line wherein the chromosomes are aligned before segregation in the course of Anaphase.

All through mitosis, chromosomes are certain to microtubules emanating from each poles of the mitotic spindle thru sister-kinetochores and aligned at the metaphase plate exactly within the middle of the spindle. The equatorial position of the metaphase plate is a exceptional function of metazoan, plant, and many fungal cells.

For the duration of metaphase, the condensed chromosomes are oriented at the equatorial plane (metaphase plate) whilst the microtubules (that fashioned in the course of prophase) would attach to the kinetochores in order that inside the preceding stages the chromosomes could separate and move towards the other poles, in the end forming.

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The Haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout bones and communicate with osteocytes through connections called canaliculi.

Haversian canals are a chain of tubes around narrow channels shaped by using lamellae. The Haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve fibers for the duration of the bone and speak with osteocytes. The canals and the encircling lamellae are referred to as a Haversian gadget.

Canaliculi radiate from the lacunae to the Haversian canal to offer passageways via the tough matrix. In compact bone, the Haversian systems are packed tightly together to form what seems to be a stable mass.

Haversian canals typically run parallel to the surface and along the long axis of the bone and typically comprise one or  capillaries and nerve fibers. Volkmann's canals are channels that assist with blood and nerve supply from the periosteum to the Haversian canal.

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The woman's chance of inheriting the mutant allele from her father is 50%. This is because each individual has two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.  

So, if the father has one mutant allele and one normal allele, and the mother has two normal alleles, then the child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutant allele from the father.When one parent is heterozygous for a gene (meaning they have one mutant allele and one normal allele), there is a 50% chance that their child will inherit either the mutant allele or the normal allele. In this case, the woman's father has one mutant allele for the brca1 gene, so there is a 50% chance that she will inherit this allele from him.

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Kepler and Galileo are the two famous earth scientists. Kepler made the planetary motion laws public. Galileo observed faraway vegetation with the telescope.

Mt. St. Helens frequently referred to as the Mount Fuji of America, used to resemble a conical volcano. This was before it erupted in 1980. Earth science is the study of the four and a half billion years of biotic evolution, the structure, characteristics, and processes of the Earth. Understanding earth science helps us think globally and act locally.

Seismologists concentrate on quakes and other seismic (energy) events that might be dangerous to our safety. Geology is the fundamental study of the earth. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere. Oceanography is the study of the oceans on Earth. Astronomy is the field of study of the cosmos.

The various tools scientists use to study the earth are compasses, rock hammers, hand lenses, and field books.

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In order to maintain homeostasis in the bitterly cold climate, polar bears slow down their metabolism in order to conserve heat.

In reaction to environmental changes, an organism can maintain internal stability through the process of homeostasis. The best illustration of homeostasis is the internal temperature of the human body.

The body's homeostasis keeps all cell activities and the activity of its enzymes operating at their optimum levels. Keeping a steady internal environment despite deal with the changing factors is what it means to maintain equilibrium. These include managing blood pressure and blood sugar levels in the human body.

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Dermis contains collagen protein and elastin fibers which lend support to the epidermis and give the skin its elastic quality.

Dermis is inner layer of the two main layers of the skin. Dermis has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures.

Dermis is the thickest layer of the skin which is made up of connective and fibrous tissue . These tissues are responsible for providing elasticity and and strength to the skin . It has two layers papillary dermis and reticular dermis .These layers are connected by vast types of nerves and tissues including blood vessel ,nerves endings collagen tissue .

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Because he is hemizygous, the man has only one allele of the X-linked characteristic.

Males have X-linked features that are hemizygous, which means that only one copy of the gene is necessary for the phenotypic expression of these traits.

Men are more likely than women to have X-linked recessive disorders. The X chromosome is unique to males. The condition is caused by just one recessive gene on that X chromosome. The male XY gene pair is made up of two genes, one on each chromosome of the Y chromosome.

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Answer:

we have 55 percent of muscle in . the lower bode

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Morgan determined the white eyed mutant allele must be located on the x chromosomes.

The results of Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with white-eyed mutant flies were it unexpected is among the F2 progeny, only males had white eyes. The correct option is a.

With the help of the fruit fly, Thomas Hunt Morgan demonstrated how genes are connected in a series on chromosomes and are in charge of recognizable, inherited features.

His theory was that related genes are placed linearly on chromosomes, whereas genes with low combination frequencies must be located closer together and so more challenging to separate.

A gene is said to be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive if it has two identical alleles, i.e., two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles. Fruit fly eyes are a homozygous recessive type of white eyes.

Therefore, the correct option is a. Among F2 progeny only males had white eyes.

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Photosynthesis and cell respiration are closely related. Among other aspects to consider, photosynthesis releases oxygen to the environment, while respiration consumes oxygen. Photosynthesis is happening from 0-30 minutes.

Photosynthesis and respiration are two complementary processes.

The information provided before are resumed in the reactions provided on the first page of this text.

On the second page, we can see an Oxygen vs Time graph, where the two variables are,

This graph shows the evolution with time of oxygen concentration in the air surrounding the Rubric plant.

This graph reflects that

Since during photosynthesis there is a release of oxygen that occurs when water molecules break, we can expect an increase in the molecule concentration in the air surrounding the Rubric plant. We can assume that photosynthesis is happening during the first 30 minutes.

Since the respiration process consumes oxygen, we can expect a decrease in the molecule concentration in the air surrounding the Rubric plant. This process might take place from 30 to 60 minutes.

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Answer:

near the seafloor spread in the centers or mid-ocean ridges.

Explanation:

The earths crust is the outermost part of the earth

All four daughter cells will have a full chromosome set except two is the most likely effect on the four daughter cells.

With the exception of two daughter cells having an extra chromosome containing the Q or q allele and the other two without this chromosome, all four of the daughter cells will have a complete set of chromosomes.

Mitosis divides a parent cell into two identical daughter cells, in which each of which has the same amount of chromosomes. But, Meiosis, on the other hand, creates four distinct daughter cells, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

Half of the original 46 chromosomes, or 23 chromosomes, will be present in each daughter cell. There are two sister chromatids on each chromosome. The daughter cells now enter meiosis II, the third and last stage of meiosis.

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Answer:

This is called the Greenhouse Effect.

Explanation:

The greenhouse effect is the mechanism by which some molecules in an atmosphere contribute to the planet's ability to retain heat. There are two concepts to grasp: two factors: 1) how heat energy escapes from warm objects; and 2) how some gases prevent the heat energy from escaping.

1. How heat energy escapes from warm objects

Anything that is warmer than absolute zero (-273.15 °C) emits electromagnetic radiation, or "glows." That is to say, any warm object radiates electromagnetic waves that carry some of the heat energy along with them as they travel away from the object.

Electromagnetic radiation: What is it? Waves are what move and convey energy through space. The amount of energy that a wave can carry increases with its frequency (waves per second). Low frequency electromagnetic radiation is referred to as "radio." Visible light is a much higher frequency type of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays operate at an even higher frequency.

The range of frequencies that warm objects produce depends on the object's temperature. We can see objects that are really hot glow because they emit a lot of visible light. Although cooler objects don't produce visible light, they nevertheless glow from low frequency electromagnetic radiation that is unseen. The average surface temperature of the Earth is 15 °C, and objects at this temperature emit "infra-red" electromagnetic waves, which have a lower frequency than red light and cannot be seen by human eyes. Since the sun's surface is about 6,000 degrees Celsius hotter than Earth's, it emits visible light. The fact that anything with a temperature above absolute zero glows is similar in many ways.

The Earth is 'glowing' with invisible infrared simply because it is warm. The infra red takes heat energy away from the Earth. It disappears into space.

2. How some gases stop the heat energy escaping

A molecule can vibrate. The tensions between the atoms that make up molecules resemble tiny springs and minuscule balls, respectively. The balls can be rhythmically brought closer together and farther apart by the springs as they compress and stretch. One approach to temporarily store energy is to cause a molecule to vibrate.

When electromagnetic waves strike a molecule, if they are of the proper frequency, the wave's energy can be converted into the vibrational energy of the molecule. In other words, the electromagnetic wave's energy is stored in the molecule. However, it doesn't retain the energy for very long before ceasing to vibrate and converting it back into an electromagnetic wave.

Which frequencies cause the molecule to vibrate depends on its characteristics. The frequencies at which carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases vibrate are the same as those of infrared light. Because they don't vibrate at the same frequencies as nitrogen and oxygen molecules, infrared radiation passes right by them. On the other hand, there is a good chance that a carbon dioxide molecule will absorb an infrared wave's energy and momentarily store it as a vibration if it does so.

It's important to note that a vibrating molecule can eventually emit a wave that travels in any direction, including up, down, left, right, forward, and backward. Where the initial wave was going is irrelevant.

3. Putting it all together

Thanks.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a first-rate circulating protein liable to glycation.

In a high HbA1c method we have got too much sugar in our blood. this indicates we are much more likely to expand diabetes headaches, like severe problems with our eyes and feet. knowing our HbA1c degree and what we can do to decrease it'll assist we reduce our chance of devastating headaches.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a chief circulating protein susceptible to glycation. Glycated Hb, namely HbA1C is used as a useful device in the diagnosis of diabetes progression. Many studies have shown sturdy effective associations between increased HbA1C degrees and current cardiovascular disorder and main threat factors.

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Skeletal muscle fibers require neurotransmitter from neurons in order to be activated. Neurons must enter the endomysium structure to activate the myofiber.

Neurons are the fundamental constituents of the nerves also known as neurones or nerve cells. The cells known as neurons are responsible for receiving sensory data from the world, sending commands to our muscles, and converting and relaying electrical signals at various points along the road.

The two most common forms of neurons are synapses and glia, a non-neuronal cell type. There are 1 trillion cells and at nearly that many glia in the normal adult human brain. Glial cells are just as important for normal cognitive function as neuron, despite the latter being the most well-known type of brain cell.

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The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except the presence of other enzymes.

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