Actin filaments (also known as microfilaments), microtubules, and intermediate filaments make up the cytoskeleton's three primary structural elements.
They each have a unique structural makeup and perform somewhat different but related roles.
What three types of cytoskeleton structures are there?Microfilaments, cytoskeleton, and gap junctions make up the cytoplasm of a cell. These elements aid in the organisation of the cell's components and give the cell its form. They serve as a foundation for cell division and mobility as well.
Three main kinds of protein components make up the cytoskeleton. The microfilaments (actin filaments), intermediate filaments, and microtubules are arranged from narrowest to broadest. Myosin is frequently related to microfilaments.
Actin monomers make up microfilaments, whereas intermediate filaments are made up of intermediate filament protein subunits. Microtubules are composed of beta and gamma tubulin dimers.
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Which steps in this exercise re-created the translation stage of protein synthesis?
Step 5 and 6 are the steps of translation in which protein synthesis
What procedures are involved in translating proteins?Protein Synthesis's Translational Stages
Ribosomal subunits bind to mRNA to begin. The ribosome extends the mRNA molecule, joining the amino acids to create a polypeptide chain. Reaching a stop codon causes protein synthesis to end and the ribosome to be released.
The tRNA anticodon attraction and formation of amino acids sequence are step 5 and step 6 in which protein is synthesized.
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what's 1 thing that all viruses have in common is that they contain genetic material called
Answer:
All viruses contain genetic material. This material can be in the form of DNA or RNA, and it is responsible for the replication of the virus.
Explanation:
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Why do you think sea otters are important to kelp forest
Sea otters are important to kelp forest because they consume invertebrates such as sea urchins and others that feed on giant kelp.
Write a short note on sea otters.A keystone species is one whose impact on its environment is greater than that of other species. Sea otters fall into this category. Sea otters are the top predators in these habitats, which include kelp forests, embayment, and estuaries, and they are essential to preserving the ecosystems' delicate balance. Sea urchins might overrun the ocean floor without sea otters and eat the kelp forests, which many other marine species rely on for shelter and food. As kelp absorbs and sequesters carbon, sea otters indirectly contribute to lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by preserving healthy kelp forests, which is a common greenhouse gas.
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Organelles often interact to carry out vital functions within the cell or even between cells. The cells shown in the image contain important molecules known as hemoglobin, which plays a role in the transport of other important substances.
How do organelles interact in the production and use of hemoglobin found in these cells?
Answer:
Hemoglobin is produced by ribosomes and transports oxygen so the mitochondria in other cells can carry out cell respiration.
Explanation:
Hemoglobin is a protein, and while it's synthesis is complicated, most of the synthesis of the protein is done by ribosomes.
How did Dziak and his team overcome the difficulty of traveling to the ocean bottom?
Dziak and his team overcome the difficulty of traveling to the ocean bottom with help of hydrophones which is a powerful microphones that are built to travel deep under water.
What are hydrophones used for?A hydrophone is an underwater instrument that listens for and captures all ocean sounds. People frequently believe that the underwater environment is silent. In fact, a wide variety of marine organisms use sound for mating, reproduction, and hunting.
A hydrophone array consists of several hydrophones positioned in predetermined areas. These hydrophones may be moored in a vertical line in the water column, placed in a line on the seafloor, or towed in a line behind a boat or ship, for example.
Piezoelectric materials are used to make the majority of hydrophones. When subjected to pressure changes, this material generates minute electrical charges. A piezoelectric element is capable of sensing the pressure alterations brought on by a sound wave.
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A simulation is run exploring the random motion of particles and its role in diffusion. At the start of the program, there are 20 blue spheres on one side of the membrane and 10 red spheres on the other side. After a period of time, the distribution of spheres reaches an equal number independent of each other, so that there are 10 blue spheres and 5 red spheres on either side of the membrane. What evidence suggests that diffusion results in a dynamic equilibrium across the membrane?.
According to the facts, diffusion produces a dynamic equilibrium across the membrane, where the red and blue spheres continue to move in opposite directions.
Diffusion produces a gradient in which molecules and atoms move from one concentration to another. Essentially, it is a procedure designed to preserve equilibrium. The process continues to ensure that there is equal concentration everywhere.
For further explanation, see the image below that has been attached:
The blue spheres are more prevalent on the left side of the first diagram, while the red spheres are more prevalent on the right side.
20 blue spheres are on the left and right sides of the diagram in the question, and 10 red spheres are on the right side. Because the colored spheres are not distributed equally on the two sides of the membrane, some blue spheres will move from the left side (where there is a higher concentration) to the night side (lower concentration).
Additionally, a few red spheres will move from the left side's lower concentration to the night side's higher concentration in order to achieve an equal distribution of red and blue spheres on both sides.
Seek out the second diagram in the question where arrows indicate a change in concentration from higher to lower.
On the left, there are a total of 20 blue spheres. Therefore, 10 blue spheres from the left side of the spheres will move to the night side to achieve equal distribution.
On the right side, there are a total of 10 red spheres. Therefore, five red spheres on the right side of the board will move to the left, distributing the spheres equally.
The second image in the question provides an illustration of the aforementioned distribution.
Look for the arrows that depict the spheres moving.
The atoms and molecules are now free to move, which means they might once more result in a loss of equal concentration. In order to maintain an equal number of red and blue spheres on both sides, the red and blue spheres will therefore move continuously.
On the third diagram, look for the arrows. It demonstrates that both the right and left sides of the blue molecules or atoms are moving. Red spheres are also moving to maintain equal concentration, Similarly, this leads us to the conclusion that even when the red and blue spheres are in equilibrium, they are still moving to the ether side. Thus, despite being in equilibrium, the red and blue spheres continue to move in opposite directions.
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Fossils discovered in undisturbed rock layers can be categorized chronologically from oldest to youngest. What is the name of the principle that is used for this process?
a. comparative embryology
b. law of superposition
c. comparative molecular biochemistry
d. fossil records
Which of the following statements are true about water?
A)It is a good solvent because it dissolves many kinds of molecules.
B)It helps in homeostasis because it doesn't change temperature easily.
C)It is polar and forms hydrogen bonds that help water molecules stick together.
D)It makes up approximately 70% of all living things and is an important participant/product in many chemical reactions.
E)All these statements are true.
All of the statements given about water in the question are true hence option (E) is the correct.
water is a chemical substance in which the oxygen atom is covalently bonded with two H molecules. The water molecules are also bonded with each other with H-bond. Due to this hydrogen bonding water molecules are sticking with each other.
Due to its properties like high melting and boiling point, specific heat, thermal conductivity. surface tension, dipole moment and solubility which is reason for its significance in the biospheres.
It makes up 70% of the living things and forms an important part of chemical reactions. It also doesn't change its temperature easily it helps in providing homeostasis.
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Increased algae blooms can come from which of the following?
O High nutrient levels
O Low nutrient levels
O Low oxygen levels
O Less fish
Answer:
High levels of phosphorus.
Increased algae blooms can come from high nutrients level. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What do you mean by Algal bloom?Algal bloom may be defined as the process of rapid accumulation of algal population in freshwater or marine water systems. This can be stimulated by the water which contains nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus.
This nutrient-rich condition provokes the excessive growth of free-floating (planktonic) algae. This is known as an algal bloom. An Algal bloom is responsible for the mortality of fish and the deterioration of water quality.
Therefore, increased algae blooms can come from high nutrients level. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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it's year 8 geology
someone help pls
Based on their method of formation, the letters represent he following rock types;
A = Molten magmaB = Extrusive Igneous rockC = Intrusive igneous rockD = Sedimentary rockE = Metamorphic rockWhat are rocks?Rocks are large naturally occurring masses which are aggregates of minerals found on the earth.
There are three main types of rocks:
Sedimentary rocks: formed from decayed organic matterIgneous rocks: produced from solidified molten magma from the earth's crust (Extrusive Igneous rock cool on the surface, Intrusive Igneous rock cools within the earth crust)Metamorphic rocks: formed from either igneous or sedimentary rocks that have changed form.In conclusion, depending on how they are formed, rocks are classified into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
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An example of homeostasis includes maintaining:
A) oxygen level (breathing)
B) body temperature
C) heart rate
D) all of these
i feel like it should be D..
10 When magma squeezes into pre-existing rock, it is known as a(n):
1) extrusion
2) intrusion
3) fault
4) deposition
For vaccination against mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis (intracellular pathogen), the most important facet of the immune response to be stimulated is:__________
BCG vaccination (for tuberculosis) induces an innate immune response.
Innate immunity is playing an important role in the host defense against the mycobacterium tuberculosis , and the first step in this process is recognition mycobacterium tuberculosis of by cells of the innate immune system.
CD4 T cells,which are part of innate immune system, play a substantial role in the cellular response to BCG, more specifically, a subset of CCR6+ CD4 T cells that have previously been implicated in protection against TB
So BCG vaccination activates the innate immune system and induces the changes in the pattern of histone modifications of specific genes in innate immune cells
The cytokines stimulated by BCG are IFNγ, IL2 and TNFα secreted by activated CD4+ T cells
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NTRODUCTION
1. Why are new plants formed by cuttings from older plants, just like the parent plant?
The new plant will be identical to the parent plant because of gene factor.
What is it called when you grow plants from cuttings?Starting plants from cuttings, also known as "propagation," is one of the simplest and most affordable ways to increase the size of your garden, but there are additional advantages. Every new seedling that grows when plants are started from seeds is unique, just like the siblings in a human family. On the contrary hand, stem cuttings lead to exact copies of the parent plant.
Why is taking cuttings better than growing plants from seed?Cuttings allow for a quicker start to cultivation because the plant is already small. Cuttings therefore have a shorter growth period than seeds, which typically enables you to harvest more quickly. Additionally, you can be certain that you have a female plant, which is crucial for your crop's yield.
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Before they travel across the synapse to bind with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, chemical messengers are stored in what location on the presynaptic membrane?.
Before they travel across the synapse to bind with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, chemical messengers are stored in synaptic vesicles on the presynaptic membrane.
What are synaptic vesicles?
The part of the axon terminal where neurotransmitters are held before being released across nerve synapses is known as a synaptic vesicle, also known as a neurotransmitter vesicle. These vesicles, which are constantly being generated, are crucial for transmitting nerve impulses across synapses. Numerous neurotransmitters that are released at synapses are stored in synaptic vesicles, also known as neurotransmitter vesicles. A calcium channel that is voltage-dependent controls the release. The cell constantly produces new vesicles because they are necessary for transmitting nerve impulses between neurons. An axon terminal is the region of the axon that houses collections of vesicles.
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How many gene pairs are involved in generating a typical 1:8:28:56:70:56:28:8:1 ratio in the f2 generation of an experimental cross? group of answer choices 6 3 4 2 5
The no. of gene pairs involved in generating the given cross in F2 generation are (4) pairs.
First we have to calculate total number of individuals that are formed in f2 generation i.e.. 1+8+28+56+70+56+28+8+1= 256
From above statement we can find out that out of 256 individuals 2 are showing the extreme/dominant characters that is the parental characters and all other individuals show recombination characters or characters different from the parental one.
If the proportion of F2 individuals displaying either of the two most extreme parental phenotypes can be calculated using the following formula, the number of genes in cases of polygenic inheritance can be estimated by the formula,
either of two extreme cases= 1/4ⁿ
=1/ 256 = 1/4ⁿ
On solving this we get n= 4
Thus 4 pairs of genes are involved in the f2 generation of an experimental cross.
A Polygenic inheritance is a phenomenon in which polygene is a gene that works in concert with other genes to slightly influence phenotypes.
Multiple alleles, such as the ABO blood group system, which is regulated by three alleles, are different from polygenic inheritance in that multiple alleles occurs when three or more alleles are present in the same locus and any two of those alleles are present in an organism.
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How many cells make up a prokarotic cell
Answer:
Prokaryotic cells are unicellular (single-celled) organisms, so the answer is 1!
Explanation:
Even though they're single-celled, proks can cluster together. They also lack a nucleus
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The Beatles chew on the stems of mosquito shrubs, forcing the shrubs to grow new branches every Spring. The trees take up more nutrients from the soil to support the new growth. This means there are fewer nutrients for other plants, such as grasses. Partly due to the action of the beetle, the desert has changed from mostly grasses to mostly mosquito shrubs over the last 150 years. How would you classify this beetle in terms of its role in the ecosystem? Explain your answer.
Answer:
ecosystem engineers
Explanation:
because they changed the desert from mostly grasses to mostly mosquito shrubs over the last 150 years
toolsmheducationca
Which polymer is a copolymer of a five-carbon sugar, four different bases (adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine), and phosphoric acid?
The polymer is known as acid. It can be both DNADNA and RNA.
Which polymer has a copolymer of a sugar with five carbons?A polymer, DNA is. DNA monomers are called nucleotides, and the polymer is referred to as a "polynucleotide." Deoxyribose, a sugar with five carbons, is connected to a base that contains nitrogen and a phosphate group to form each nucleotide.
A Nucleic acid is biological polymer. It is composed of nitrogenous bases , sugar and phosphoric acid . The sugar can be a five carbon sugar known as ribose or deoxyribise.
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In what ways is Earth a system? Do you think it is an open or closed system? Explain your reasoning.
Since only power is innately transmitted outside the atmosphere, the earth is a closed system. Matter must violate physical laws in order to escape the earth's atmosphere, as well as outside matter, such as meteorites, is barred from entering.
What is a closed system?A closed system is a natural physical system that does not allow the transfer of matter into or out of the system, though energy transfer is permitted in contexts such as physics, chemistry, and engineering.
Because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere, the Earth can be considered a closed system. It is not a matter of gaining or losing anything.
It is always a consistent issue. While in terms of energy, the Earth can be considered an open system because energy is both coming and going from it.
Thus, Earth can be both open and closed system as per different context.
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Which of these would not be an effective means of collecting quantitative data?
A. A census
B. Artifact analysis
C. Opinion polls
D. Questionnaires
E. Multiple choice surveys
Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides that have the same chemical formula, C6H12O6. However, they do not react the same chemically. Which of the following generalizations can explain this? (5 points)
Monosaccharides serve different cellular functions, and they are only involved in reactions in which they are needed.
The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged differently, and the different shape gives each monosaccharide unique properties.
Monosaccharides have different properties, but the disaccharides they form when combined with other molecules will have the same properties.
The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged similarly, but the monomers from which they are formed have different physical and chemical properties.
The monosaccharides glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula, C6H12O6, but they do not react chemically in the same way because their atoms are organized differently, giving each monosaccharide its own special features.
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are typically crystalline solids, colorless, and soluble in water. Only a small number of monosaccharides have a sweet flavor, despite their name (sugars). The formula for most monosaccharides is CnH2nOn.
Monosaccharides include galactose, glucose (dextrose), and fructose (levulose). Disaccharides (like sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides are constructed from monosaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). In common usage, table sugar is a disaccharide called sucrose that contains one molecule of each of the two monosaccharides D-glucose and D-fructose.
Hence, the correct answer is: The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged differently, and the different shape gives each monosaccharide unique properties.
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Identify the blood vessels on this inferior-lateral view of a model brain showing blood supply.
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the internal carotid artery's greatest terminal branch. It flows through the Sylvian (lateral) fissure before continuing to the island of Reil in a posterosuperior direction (insula).
Which blood arteries deliver oxygen and nutrients to the brain?The carotid and vertebral arteries join to form the Circle of Willis at the base of the brain. This is a network of arteries that provides several routes for blood to give oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Major arteries emerge from the Circle of Willis and go to all areas of the brain.
Two sets of arteries supply blood to the entire brain: the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. The right and left vertebral arteries join to produce a single basilar artery near the base of the brain,
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PLease help asap
Which element is most likely to give away electrons?
A. lithium
B. oxygen
C. xenon
D. chlorine
The element that is most likely to give away electrons is lithium (option A).
What is a metal?A metal is a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that forms a metallic bond with other metal atoms.
Metals are generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard and often a conductor of heat and electricity.
However, metals are known to donate electrons to nonmetals when involved in chemical reactions to form ionic bonds.
Lithium is a simple alkali metal in group 1 and the third lightest chemical element with symbol Li, therefore, it is the element that is most likely to lose electrons.
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Name in order the 5 states of matter from lowest energy to highest
Answer: There are four natural states of matter: Solids, liquids, gases and plasma. The fifth state is the man-made Bose-Einstein condensates.
Explanation:
If the oxygen level is experimentally manipulated in a fish tank, what type of factor is the resulting heart rate of the fish?
The resulting heart rate of the fish is a Dependent Variable.
Dependent variables are those that depend on independent variables or other elements. That is, if the independent variable is manipulated, it reflects a change in the dependent variable.In this example, the oxygen level is the independent variable which was manipulated resulting in a change in the heart rate of the fish.Independent variables are the cause. They are not affected by other factors. However, dependent variables are the effect. Therefore, the values of a dependent variable (here, the heart rate of the fish) change with changes in independent variable. In other words, independent variable influences the values of the dependent variable. Here, we wanted to understand the effects of altered oxygen level on the heart rate of fish. Hence, the heart rate of the fish is a dependent variable.
Therefore, the correct answer is if that the resulting heart rate of the fish is a dependent variable.
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Richard was studying a computer simulation of the Earth’s rotational motion. He observed that Earth’s axis was inclined at an angle in relation to its plane of orbit around the Sun. How would Richard ideally define this inclination of the Earth’s axis?
Richard would define the inclination of the Earth’s axis in relation to its plane of orbit around the Sun as the planet’s_________.
.
Richard would define the inclination of the Earth’s axis in relation to its plane of orbit around the Sun as the planet’s axial tilt.
What is Axial tilt?This is also referred to as obliquity and it is defined as the angle or the inclination that a planet's rotation axis makes with the plane of its orbit which in the case of Earth it is 23.5 degrees.
The Earth and other planets orbit the sun because of the Sun's gravity which helps to keep them in their various orbits in the solar system thereby preventing them from collapsing into one another.
This ios therefore the reason why Axial tilt was chosen as the correct choice.
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Transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes versus eukaryotes in which way?.
Transcription and translation are the processes which results into formation of mRNA and proteins in the cell. These are different in prokaryotes than that of eukaryotes.
What is transcription and translation?
Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus of cell. Translation is the process of formation of proteins in the ribosomes of cell.
In eukaryotes, Transcription of mRNA requires RNA polymerase enzyme whereas in prokaryotes, RNA polymerase is not required in the process of transcription. The process of Translation of the prokaryotic mRNA can occur as the mRNA is transcribed, which is not possible in eukaryotes.
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what are two questions about diseases that scientists might try to figure out?
Answer:
How did life begin? ...
Are we alone in the universe?
Explanation:
A series of genetic crosses results in 787 long-stemmed plants and 277 short-stemmed plants. the probability that you will obtain short-stemmed plants if you repeat this experiment is:_________
The probability that you will obtain short-stemmed plants if you repeat this experiment is 277/1,064
A genetic cross occurs when two people intentionally mate, combining their genetic makeup in the offspring. Crosses may be carried out in a variety of model systems, such as plants, yeast, flies, and mice, and they can be used to analyze genetic processes or develop new features in animals. Another important tool created by Gregor Mendel is the test cross. A test cross is a genetic experiment that involves crossing a homozygous recessive organism having a dominant phenotype with an unidentified genotype (and phenotype). A genetic cross diagram can be used to illustrate the likelihood that kids will inherit particular phenotypic features.
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