There are two traits that are derived from vertebrates yet are primal for mammals are :
(Vertebrate groups are: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.)Hair, mammary glands, live birth, homeothermy (warm-blooded)What do vertebrates and mammals have in common?
Vertebrates, which include all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, are animals with backbones. A backbone is composed of numerous tiny bones called vertebrae. Backbones enclose and safeguard the spinal cord, a bundle of nerves that transmits data to and from the brain.
Therefore, Mammals are different from other vertebrate animals in that their young are fed with milk produced by special mammary glands in the mother.
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the ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum that contain an extensive vascular and nervous network. what are these folds called?
A peritoneal membrane known as the mesentery suspends the ileum and jejunum from the posterior abdominal wall in slack folds. The mesentery supports blood arteries, nerves, and lymphatics in addition to facilitating intestinal motility.
While absorbing nutrients from your food, the mucosa in the jejunum and ileum secretes little amounts of lubricating mucus and digestive enzymes. Different nutrients and water are intended to be absorbed by each area separately. All abdominal digestive organs develop in the mesentery, which also keeps them in systemic continuity until maturity. Heald and Hohenberger's innovations in colorectal surgery renewed interest in the mesentery.
In light of this, we can say that the mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that suspends the ileum and jejunum from the abdominal wall's posterior part.
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We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank______ square.
We can use a punnett square to predict the outcome of self-fertilization for the f1 hybrids of a monohybrid cross. In this case, the punnett square should be set up as a blank 2x2 square.
Self-fertilization is the joining of male and female gametes and/or nuclei from the same haploid, diploid, or polyploid organism. It is an instance of extreme inbreeding. These are 2X2 squares with four boxes for a monohybrid cross, with each box signifying a fertilization between the parent gametes.
Selfing is widespread, ranging from simple hermaphrodite plants and animals to multicellular organisms (especially invertebrates). Selfing occurs when two individuals (or their cell nuclei) that were produced by a previous mitotic division of the same individual interbreed in unicellular organisms like protozoa.
The Punnett square is a table that lists every conceivable result of a genetic cross between two people of known genotype. The Punnett square is a square that has been partitioned into four quadrants in its most basic form.
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if a protein coat of a dna virus was used to encapsulate the rna from a rna virus and was allowed to replicate inside a bacterial cell. after replication the genetic material of the resulting viruses would be the same as the a) virus that provided the protein coat b) virus that provided the dna c) virus that provided the rna d) hybrid between protein virus and dna virus e) hybrid between protein virus and rna virus
C) virus that provided the RNA.
if a protein coat of a DNA virus was used to encapsulate the RNA from a RNA virus and was allowed to replicate inside a bacterial cell. after replication the genetic material of the resulting viruses would be the same as the virus that provided the RNA.
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses in the target host cells during the infection process. Before viral replication can occur, viruses must first enter the cell. The virus continues to infect new hosts by making numerous copies of its genome and packaging these copies. The replication of viruses varies greatly and is determined by the type of genes involved. Most DNA viruses form in the nucleus, whereas most RNA viruses form only in the cytoplasm. Viruses can only replicate in living cells. The host cell must supply the energy, synthetic machinery, and low-molecular-weight precursors required for viral protein and nucleic acid synthesis.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid found in all living cells that is structurally similar to DNA. RNA, unlike DNA, is typically single-stranded. Instead of the deoxyribose found in DNA, the backbone of an RNA molecule is made of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
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What disorder results when human body cells lose the ability to respond to internal regulatory signals that control cell growth?.
In cancer, human body cells lose the ability to respond to internal regulatory signals that control cell growth.
A set of illnesses known as cancer involve abnormal cell proliferation and have the ability to invade or spread to different bodily regions. In contrast to this, benign tumors do not spread. A lump, unusual bleeding, a persistent cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel habits are all potential warning signs and symptoms. These signs of cancer may be present, but there may be other causes as well. Humans are susceptible to over 100 different malignancies.
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Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria. Based on the function of mitochondria, which types of plant and animal cells would have a large number of mitochondria?.
Muscle cells, which are responsible for animal movement, are the atoms with the most mitochondria.
What feature of mitochondria is most significant?And mitochondria, which serve as the cells' batteries, are responsible for almost 90% of the energy produced in your muscles and liver. Mitochondria perform a crucial function in your blood, liver, muscles, and brain—organs that require a lot of energy. 25% of liver, 40% of heart muscle, and 40percent of all other cells include mitochondria.
What happens if the mitochondria don't work properly?Damaged mitochondria are the root cause of the cells' lack of energy. The cells' buildup of surplus oxygen and fuel atoms damages them. Symptoms of various mitochondrial diseases can vary. Depending on the locations and numbers of damaged mitochondria.
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red-green colorblindness in humans is a recessive x-linked trait. a colorblind man procreates with a carrier woman. they are expecting a baby girl. what is the probability she will be colorblind
Red-green colour blindness in people is an x-linked recessive trait. A carrier woman bears children with a colorblind man. They are going to have a girl. She has a 50% chance of being colorblind.
The most prevalent type of colour blindness is red-green colour blindness. This disorder, also known as deuteranopia, is probably congenital, which means that you are born with it. You can find it challenging to distinguish between distinct hues of red, green, and yellow if you suffer from this sort of colour blindness.
People who are "red/green colour blind" have a tendency to mistake any colour that contains some red or green as well as other colours. Because they are unable to'see' the red component of the colour purple, people who are red/green colorblind are more likely to confuse the colours blue and purple.
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The variety and variability of organisms is called choose. . One of the benefits of this kind of variety includes ecosystem choose. , which is the ability of an ecosystem system to recover after a disturbance. Other benefits of healthy ecosystems include ecosystem choose. Such as pollinating crops, regulating pests, and maintaining soil structure.
The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety and variability of all living things at all levels of biological organization. The term "biodiversity," coined by sociobiologist Edward Wilson to refer to the diversity present at all levels of biological organization, has become widely used.
The enormous variety of life on Earth is known as biodiversity. A region's or ecosystem's entire species can be referred to by this phrase in a more precise sense. Every living thing, such as bacteria, plants, animals, and people, is referred to as biodiversity.
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which of the following describes organic matter? group of answer choices it is only found in arctic soils it holds soil particles together like a biological glue, creating soil aggregates and soil structure it is the source of natural fertility in soils it is composed of synthetic organic compounds manufactured from petrochemicals it is degraded and depleted by tillage/plowing resulting in erosion and soil loss it is formed of dead and partially decomposed plant and animal material
Organic matter can be described as: it is formed of dead and partially decomposed plant and animal material.
Organic matter is composed of natural carbon based compounds found in the environment either terrestrial or aquatic. The Organic matter is largely made up from the dead and decaying plants and animals, or the faeces of the animals.
Decomposition in the environment is the process of breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller parts that may be organic or inorganic by the action of various microorganisms. These microorganisms are termed as decomposers. The example of decomposers are protozoa, bacteria, earthworm, millipede, mushrooms, etc.
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Think about the two words that make up the term reproductive isolation. How do you think reproductive isolation affects the evolution of a species?
Populations of organisms that have grown apart from one another are said to be in a state of reproductive isolation. This isolation may result from a genetic mutation or a geographic barrier. The organisms are unable to successfully reproduce with one another as a result.
What is reproductive isolation?A group of living things that have the ability to interbreed or exchange genes is referred to as a species. The deer in the aforementioned example is an example of speciation, which is when evolution causes one species to split into two or more.
Many factors, such as shifting continents or lava flows, might divide one population into two or more tribes. The deer underwent modifications to the point of reproductive isolation throughout their time apart. This is the situation in which two groups of animals coexist in close proximity to one another but cannot interbreed.
Pre-zygotic barriers and post-zygotic barriers are the two main divisions of the numerous reasons why two organisms cannot mate.
Reproductive isolation is a condition in which multiple species may coexist in a given area but are unable to interbreed due to individual characteristics. Isolating mechanisms are things that prevent particular species or groups of organisms from reproducing sexually.
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The ______________ is the primary relay station for sensory information coming into the cerebral cortex.
The thalamus is the primary relay station for sensory information coming into the cerebral cortex.
What is Thalamus?This is referred to as a pair of grey matter which is located close to the center of the brain which is referred to as the central organ of the nervous system.
The thalamus is responsible for the regulation of certain processes in the body such as sleep, alertness etc and connects to the cerebral cortex in all directions and acts as a primary relay station for sensory information which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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gpi-anchoring serves a special function, especially in polarized epithelial cells because this modification serves to target proteins to the:
gpi-anchoring serves a special function, especially in polarized epithelial cell because this modification serves to target proteins to the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).
what is RER?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a network of interconnected flattened sacs that is an organelle with a continuous membrane found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and is essential for protein production.
The RER is linked to numerous functions in protein production, including sorting, folding, and post-translational modifications. The mature
vitamin b6 is a coenzyme for plp which plays a role in the process of making nonessential amino acids. this process is termed .
Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme for PLP which plays a role in the process of making nonessential amino acids. This process is termed as transamination.
Vitamin B6 is also called pyridoxine. It is a water soluble vitamin that is naturally present in various food items as well as can be synthetically made in lab as well. The food containing the vitamin are poultry, fish, potatoes, chickpeas, bananas, etc. The vitamin is essential for keeping the nervous system and immune system healthy.
Transamination is the chemical reaction where an amino group is transferred to a keto-acid to form new amino acids. This pathways also deaminates various amino acids.
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Suppose the dna of a gene contains seven regions, a through g, in that order. Regions a, b, e, and g are located in exons, while regions c, d, and f are located in introns. What is the order of the regions in the mature mrna transcribed from that sequence?.
Motifs will be in the ABEG order in the matured mRNA transcribed from the gene if the regions A, B, E, and G are located in exons, while regions C, D, and F are located in introns.
During RNA splicing, introns are removed so motifs on introns will also be removed and exons joined together.
As C, D, and F are located in introns which are noncoding regions. These regions are transcribed into pre-mature mRNA but are removed during the RNA splicing process to form mature mRNA which has only coding regions.
While A, B, E, and, G are located in exons thus they will be joined together thus the order will be ABEG.
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The kidneys require a large amount of energy to pull water and other substances back into the bloodstream during reabsorption. Explain why.
vasopressin, a peptide hormone, causes. The CCD apical membrane becomes more permeable to water as 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels rise in these cells.
What purpose does adenosine monophosphate serve?Adenosine monophosphate has been shown to hasten healing, shorten the length of shingles discomfort, and stop postherpetic neuralgia from developing. More. It has been shown that the body's own naturally occurring substance, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), is useful in preventing shingles outbreaks.
What role does AMP play?A signal's voltage, current, or power can be increased using an amplifier, an electronic device. In wireless communications or broadcasting as well as in other types of audio equipment, amplifiers are used. They can be classified as either power amplifiers or weak-signal amplifiers.
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a gene is a set of specific instructions that: directs carbohydrate synthesis. copies dna strands for mitosis. controls the process of mitosis. indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
A gene is a set of specific instructions that: (4) indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
Gene is the basic unit of heredity that is transferred from the parent to the offspring. A gene is composed of DNA strands that contain the information of the coding of various proteins that carry out all the processes inside a living organism.
Amino acids are the basic unit / monomers that form proteins. The amino acids join together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides/ proteins. Each amino acid has a common structure that consists of an amino group, a carboxylic group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R group, all bonded to a common α-carbon atom.
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What is Taiga...?
Helpp :(
Answer:
Taiga, generally referred to in North America as a boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest has been called the world's largest land biome.
Explanation have great day
Hello..!
¿What is Taiga?
It is one that has a vegetation typical of the continentally cold climate zone, and is composed of large forests and bushes.
gene regulation can occur at which level? group of answer choices a. epigenetic b. translation c. transcription d. all of the above
At the transcription level, gene regulation could occur.
So, the correct option is C.
Although it can happen at any stage of gene expression, transcription—the process by which the data in a gene's DNA is transferred to mRNA—represents the stage where gene regulation happens most frequently. Transcription factors are proteins that become active in response to environmental or cellular signals. RNA polymerase regulates transcription, which is where most of the regulation of gene expression in bacteria takes place.
In eukaryotes, transcriptional initiation is where gene regulation is most crucial. During the processes of protein translation and transcription, which both take place in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, eukaryotic gene expression is controlled. Through the post-translational modification of proteins, additional regulation may take place.
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Why does sediment get deposited where a stream meets the ocean, forming a delta?.
sediment gets deposited where a stream meets the ocean, forming a delta because when a river meets the ocean, the silt it carries is dumped in a structure shaped like a fan called a delta.
As a result of the silt being picked up and transported by longshore drift, shoreline sediment structures such as sand bars, spits, and barrier islands are formed.
Deltas are wetlands that form when rivers discharge sediment and water into another body of water, like the ocean, a lake, or another river. Although extremely uncommon, deltas can also drain into the land. A river's flow slows as it gets closer to its mouth or end. As a result, sediment, or solid material carried downstream by currents, is deposited at the river's bottom.
A delta can be broken up into separate sections that contain subaerial and subaqueous regions. A delta's underwater locale is lowered. This section of the delta has the purest silt and the steepest slopes. The pro delta is the newest part of the subaqueous delta and is further from the river's mouth than any other region.
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the lactose (lac) operon of e. coli is under both positive and negative control. how is the lac operon affected by positive control?
When cAMP is present, CAP (Catabolite activator protein) protein attaches close to the promoter of the lac operon, which is impacted by positive control.
Is positive control present over the lac operon?Both positive and negative controls are in place over the lac operon. We'll think about each of these mechanisms independently. 1. When the inducer is lacking in a negative control, the repressor turns off the lacZYAgenes (signalling an absence of lactose).
The lac operon is favorably regulated in what ways?Therefore, the absence of glucose catabolites positively regulates the lac operon, which is turned on when intracellular glucose levels are low. Signal molecule cAMP levels are high when intracellular glucose concentrations are low (top panel).
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Which of the following statements are true regarding seals and sea lions? (Mark all that apply.)
They both have hair and blubber.
They both need to rest and breed on land.
They both have four characteristic flippers.
The statements are true regarding seals and sea lions and they both need to rest and breed on land. Thus, option B is correct.
What is Transitions?Transitions are used to focus on the relationships among the ideas. They are used to build a path on which the direction of the sentences wants the readers to go to. The ideas are connected logically with the help of the transitions.
In the given excerpt, the transition that has been used to add an idea is 'moreover'. The third sentence begins with 'moreover' which had introduced an additional thought about the seals and sea lions.
Therefore, The statements are true regarding seals and sea lions and they both need to rest and breed on land. Thus, option B is correct.
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Draw the phospholipid bi-layer and the structures that make transport possible + which direction the water will flow and why?
Water transport through the membrane occurs by simple diffusion (osmosis) and facilitated diffusion (through aquaporins), following its osmotic gradient. In the exposed case, water moves from the outside of the cell to the inside.
How do water molecules move through the membrane?
Water can move through the membrane in two ways: simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Both are passive transport and do not need energy to occur.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through the membrane following its osmotic gradient. Molecules cross the membrane in favor of their concentration gradient.
Osmosis is a simple diffusion process in which molecules' motion is slow and depends on small openings between lipids. When lipids move, they can leave spaces through which water molecules move and cross the membrane.
Some epitheliums in the organism, like the absorptive or secretive, need to transport water faster than by simple diffusion, so they use aquaporins. This is the facilitated diffusion of water.
Aquaporins are channel transmembrane proteins that help water move water faster and in higher concentrations from one side of the membrane to the other. These tissues can respond better to changes in osmotic gradients, facilitating fluid transport.
In the attached image, you will find both types of passive transport. Water molecules will move from the more diluted solution to the more concentrated solution concerning the solute.
Outside the cell, there are more water molecules and fewer solute molecules than inside the cell.
Inside the cell, there are more solute molecules and fewer water molecules.
So, water will move from the outside toward the inside to equilibrate concentrations on both sides of the membrane. It will move in favor of its osmotic gradient.
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In one spine-tingling investigation of this season’s conjuring kesha, the pop icon brings supermodel karen elson to help her investigate, and their presence soon spurs alarming paranormal activity. Where are they?.
The Odd Fellows Lodge in Tuscola, Illinois, is the solution.
What is the odd fellow's job?"Visit the sick, relieve the distressed, bury the dead, and educate the orphan," is the historic mandate of the Odd Fellow. You get to actively contribute to making the world and your community better.
Religion is Odd Fellows?We welcome people from all walks of life and ages; we have neither political nor religious affiliations. We're also extremely happy to be a nonprofit mutual organization that values a neighborhood united by friendship, compassion, and philanthropic giving.
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Muscle cells are specialized for contraction. They need lots of energy and specialized proteins. Which of these statements correctly pairs an organelle with its function in the cell? choose all that apply.
The mitochondria are the organelles that produce energy for the cell, while the Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and delivering proteins.
Mitochondria: The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. They produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the cell's protein factories. They produce proteins for the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes and sacs that helps to transport materials around the cell.
Golgi apparatus: The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened sacs that helps to package and ship proteins and other materials out of the cell.
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How many cells does Mitosis produce?
Mitosis produces four daughter cells
Mitosis produces six daughter cells
Mitosis produces two daughter cells
Mitosis produces one daughter cells
Use the models to answer the following question.
Answer:
Mitosis produces two daughter cells.
Explanation:
The purpose of mitosis is to produce two daughter cells identical to the original cell. If a diploid cell undergoes mitosis successfully, the two daughter cells should also be diploid. If a haploid cell undergoes mitosis successfully, the two daughter cells should be haploid. This also applies to any variation in polyploidy.
The two daughter cells produced by mitosis should be identical to the original cell except in cases of nondisjunction where any number chromosomes (or all) fail to properly separate sister chromatids. In this case, daughter cells can have differing numbers of chromosomes. One cell may have more chromosomes than it should, and the other may have fewer or none at all, due to an unequal distribution.
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For an enzyme that displays michaelis-menten kinetics, what is the effect on km of doubling the concentration of substrate?.
For an enzyme that displays michaelis-menten kinetics will show no effect on km by doubling the concentration of substrate.
What is michaelis-menten kinetics?Michaelis-Menten kinetics is a model of enzyme kinetics that describes how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction depends on the concentration of an enzyme and its substrate.
There are three assumptions in Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Steady state approximationFree ligand approximationFast equilibrium approximation.For practical reasons, Km is the substrate concentration that allows the enzyme to reach half its Vmax. An enzyme with a high Km has a low affinity for its substrate and requires a higher concentration of substrate to reach its Vmax.
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A horticulturist wants to produce geraniums with specific characteristics. She knows that the trait of red flowers is governed by the allele R (RR and Rr) and the trait of white flowers is governed by the allele r (rr). What do the letters in each box of a pinnet square indicate?
[] the possible combinations of alleles in offspring based on the parents’ genetic makeup
[] the full pedigree of the geraniums
[] that both parents show characteristics of the dominant trait
[] how to assemble a genetic map of the chromosome on which the alleles are located
The letters in each box of a Punnet square indicate the possible combinations of alleles in offspring based on the parent's genetic makeup (Option a).
What is a genetic Punnet square?A genetic Punnet square is a diagram used to represent the combination of alleles forth the parental gametes in offspring in order to delineate the expression of a given phenotypic trait and or characteristic.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a genetic Punnet square is employed to show how gametes combine in offspring in order to express a trait.
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Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine. What effect on nerve transmission would occur following the administration of a chemical that inhibited acetylcholinesterase?.
Acetylcholine will continue to be activated.
When we inhibit acetylcholinesterase with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) it will inhibit acetylcholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine into choline and acetate. This will increase the level and the duration of the neurotransmitter in the CNS, autonomic ganglia, and neuromuscular junctions. Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals as a neurotransmitter. Its name is derived from its chemical structure: it is an ester of acetic acid and choline. Parts in the body that use or are affected by acetylcholine are referred to as cholinergic. Substances that increase or decrease the overall activity of the cholinergic system are called cholinergic and anticholinergic, respectively.
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is the main neurotransmitter behind reward systems in the brain, which usually leads to addiction when altered in any way.
Dopamine, a neurotransmitter closely related to sensations of reward and pleasure, is the neurotransmitter that "unlocks" the electrical stimulation of these regions.
The neurotransmitter that causes addiction is what?Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that has traditionally been linked to the addictive properties of drugs and may play a significant role in the development of the neurobiological alterations that underlie addiction.
What area of the brain is involved in addiction?The complex illness of addiction has an impact on how the brain functions. The area of the brain that leads to addiction is known as the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. It is occasionally referred to as the brain's "reward circuit."
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dna-dependent rna polymerase makes a complementary strand of nucleic acid that is then used for translation. the process carried out by this enzyme is called
Answer: Transcription
Explanation:
The Transcription unit generally contains 3 regions
1. A promoter
2. Structural genes
3. Terminator
Since the strands have opposite polarity the DNA dependent RNA polymerase also catalyze this in one direction that 5 - 3 then the strands that has the polarity 3' - 5' act as a template and is referred as template strand. The other strand that has polarity 5' - 3' is displaced during transcription.
why does the motor homunculus depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of proportion?
Motor homunculus can depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of the proportion because more motor units are needed for the fine control of those areas. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is Motor Homunculus?The motor homunculus is a topographic representation of the different body parts and its correspondents along the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe in the brain. While, the sensory homunculus is a topographic representation of the body parts along with the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
Motor homunculus has a large representation of the face and hands compared with the torso, arms and legs. Because of the presence of the brain maps in each of the sensory receptor onto the cortex rather than considering the area of the body where the sensor is located.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Why does the motor homunculus depict the hands, face, and tongue hugely out of proportion?
a. The brain area devoted to using those regions is vast.
b. More motor units are needed for fine control of those areas.
c. The cortical areas mapped for controlling those areas overlap with the sensory regions controlling those areas.
d. A and C are correct.
