The United States generates over 70 million tons of organic waste each year. Biogas is produced after the decomposition of organic matter by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment. This is a process called anaerobic digestion.
Biogas systems use anaerobic digestion to recycle these organics and convert them into biogas which contains both energy and valuable bottom products. Stored biogas can provide a clean, renewable and reliable baseload power alternative to coal and natural gas. Baseload power is generated continuously to cover minimum power demand. Baseload renewables can supplement more intermittent renewables.
Like natural gas, biogas can also be used as a rapidly capable peak power source. Direct use of biogas has the highest efficiency, but the use of this fuel is usually confined to locations close to the anaerobic digester, limiting available markets and applications. Biogas is a methane-rich gas obtained from the anaerobic digestion of organic matter.
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Why does the law of conservation of energy only apply to closed systems
The Law of conservation of energy only applies to closed systems that can't exchange energy with their environment.
The law of conservation of energy, also known as the first law of thermodynamics states that the energy in a closed system must remain constant and cannot increase or decrease without outside influence. In an open system, both energy transfer and mass transfer take place. Therefore, both the law of conservation of energy and the law of conservation of mass is taken into account.
Storage rights cannot be applied to open systems because by definition things can be put into and taken out of open systems. So you can always add charge momentum energy etc. to open systems. Non-insulated and insulated systems, energy conservation. To solve the work and energy problem, we need to identify the systems we work with.
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During prophase, a stage in the cell cycle,
a. the cell duplicates its genetic material.
b. the cell begins to separate into two new cells.
c. the nuclear envelope breaks down.
d. the chromosomes in the cell begin to move.
During prophase, a stage in the cell cycle, Option C. the nuclear envelope breaks down.
At some stage in prophase, the complicated DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus, called chromatin, condenses. The chromatin coils and will become increasingly compact, ensuing in the formation of seen chromosomes.
Throughout prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down. In animal cells, the centrioles close to the nucleus start to separate and move to contrary poles (facets) of the mobile.
A cell's genetic DNA condenses, spindle fibers start to shape and the nuclear envelope dissolves. What occurs all through Metaphase? The duplicated chromosomes line up and spindle fibers connect with the centromeres.
The chromosomes coil and shorten, and come to be visible. It turns into apparent that the chromosomes have duplicated. Pairs of the same chromosomes continue to be attached to every different centromere and every chromosome is referred to as a chromatid.
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______ is the cell division process that occurs in diploid germ cells and gives rise to haploid cells.
Answer:
Meiosis
Explanation:
In human, there are somatic cells and germ cells. Sperm and egg are called as germ cells or gametes which can be found in gonads (testis and ovarium).
In beginning, the gametes are diploid or have 46 chromosome (23 pairs). Diploid means contain two sets of chromosome.
To maintain the homestatic in terms of quantity of chromosome, each gamete, either sperm or egg must be haploid or only have one set chromosome (23 chromosome).
To make it happen, each gametes undergo a process named spermatogenesis and oogenesis. After the gametes (diploid) are duplicated through mitosis, the gamete will be divided through meiosis for producing gametes (haploid). Meiosis is a type of division cell that reduce the number of chromosome, from diploid to haploid.
As the gametes, sperm and egg (haploid) fuse together in sexual reproduction, it can back into the double chromosome (diploid).
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Which two hormones regulate calcium levels in the blood?
Explanation:
Both parathyroid harmone and calcitonin help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone work together to control blood calcium levels, which are crucial for a number of vital biological processes.
When the blood calcium level is high, calcitonin is released. It subsequently reduces the levels by preventing bones' release of calcium ions. Contrarily, the parathyroid hormone raises the blood calcium level by enhancing intestinal calcium absorption and moving calcium from bones into the blood.
A hormone called calcitonin works to control the amount of calcium in your blood by lowering it. Your thyroid gland's C-cells generate calcitonin. It doesn't seem that having abnormally high amounts of calcitonin in your body has any immediate drawbacks.
Your parathyroid glands produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH) that regulates the amount of calcium in your blood. It also regulates the amounts of vitamin D and phosphorus. Parathyroid hormone over- or under-production might result in symptoms linked to abnormal blood calcium levels.
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What are the components of the sympathetic nervous system?
The components of the sympathetic nervous system include:
the preganglionic neurons,the sympathetic ganglia, and the postganglionic neuronsWhat is the sympathetic nervous system?The sympathetic nervous system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system that functions under stressful conditions in the body.
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the flight or flight response in living organisms.
The functions of the sympathetic nervous system include:
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The components of the sympathetic nervous system include the following:
Preganglionic fibersGanglia"Fight or Flight"ThoracolumbarNeurotransmitter: norepinephrineWhat is a nervous system?A nervous system simply refers to a network that typically consist of nerve cells and fibers, which are primarily used for the transmission of neural impulses (signals) and control of the muscular system in the body of a living organism.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?The sympathetic nervous system is a type of autonomic nervous system and it can be defined as a network of nerves that is saddled with the responsibility of activating "fight or flight" response in the body of a living organism, especially when in danger, stressed, or indulged in physical exercises.
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Two different mixtures that are dissolving sugar and salt are described below:
Mixture 1: Large chunks of sugar and salt are put into a pot of water and slowly stirred.
Mixture 2: Small grains of sugar and salt are stirred into a hot pot of water.
Which statement is true about dissolving? (2 points)
Group of answer choices
The two mixtures will dissolve the sugar and salt at the same rate.
Mixture 1 will dissolve the sugar and salt at a faster rate.
Mixture 2 will dissolve the sugar and salt at a faster rate.
Mixture 2 will not dissolve the sugar and salt at all.
Statement is true about dissolving will be : Mixture 2 will dissolve the sugar and salt at a faster rate.
Dissolution is the procedure wherein a solute in gaseous, liquid, or stable segment dissolves in a solvent to shape a solution. Solubility is the most concentration of a solute which can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. on the most concentration of solute, the answer is said to be saturated.
Substances that dissolve in water are known as soluble materials. while you mix sugar with water, the sugar dissolves to make a obvious answer. Salt is soluble in water too. Substances that don't dissolve in water are called insoluble materials. While you blend sand or flour with water, they do now not dissolve.
Stirring sugar into water is an instance of dissolving. The sugar is the solute, even as the water is the solvent.
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Which best describes Active Transport?
A. Using energy, membrane proteins pick up particles and move them with the concentration gradient.
B. Using energy, membrane proteins pick up particles and move them
against the concentration gradient.
C. Using energy, glycoproteins pick up particles and move them against the concentration gradient.
D. Without energy, particles move freely with the concentration gradient.
Answer:
B, Using energy , membrane proteins pick up particles and move them against the concentration gradient.
Explanation:
During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport.
Amylase is a protein that catalyzes the conversion of starch to simple sugars. Amylase activity in an aqueous solution can be measured by using iodine as a starch indicator. A solution containing iodine and starch will have a dark-blue color, whereas a solution containing iodine but no starch will have a light-brown color. The color change of an iodine solution from dark blue to light brown can be used to measure the rate at which starch is converted to simple sugars.
Measuring the emergence of the product or the removal of the reactants allows for the detection of enzyme catalysis.
How is the amylase activity of starch measured?
We'll use the rate at which the substrate (starch) is broken down to calculate the activity of amylase in saliva samples. Iodine and starch easily combine to create a purple tint. To measure the purple color's intensity quantitatively, we shall utilize a spectrophotometer.
How can you check if a solution contains amylase?Iodine does not react with glucose but instead produces a blue to black complex with starch. Iodine's red or yellow tint is the sole color that appears when it is added to a glucose solution. Consequently, the quicker starch loses its blue hue, The amylase enzyme is operating more quickly.
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which biome provides ecosystem services that include reducing the severity of floods and filtering pollutants from the water?
The biome that provides ecosystem services that include reducing the severity of floods and filtering pollutants from the water is freshwater wetlands (Option a).
What type of biome is a freshwater wetland?A freshwater wetland is a type of biome such as lakes, ponds, or rivers which are composed of a water body that is able to sustain life. This biome is characterized by having differential levels of salt in the water compared to other types of biomes.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that type of biome is a freshwater wetland is a specific biome composed of a water body such as occur with lakes and or rivers, and they sustain a variety of life forms including algae, marine invertebrates, plants, insects, etc.
Complete question:
Which biome provides ecosystem services that include reducing the severity of floods and filtering pollutants from the water?
a. freshwater wetlands
b. temperate grassland
c. coral reef
d. open ocean
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The correct procedure code for subcutaneous foreign body removal from the elbow is
Answer:
CPT® Code 24200 in section: Removal of foreign body, upper arm or elbow area.
Explanation:
What is the basic of a fatty acid
A basic fatty acid has a long chain of carbon atoms (generally even in number) along with a carboxyl group at one terminal. The fatty acid may be saturated or unsaturated depending upon the presence of double bonds.
Fatty acids are the carboxylic acids due to the presence of the carboxyl group. In an organism's body, fatty acids are the source of energy. Besides they are also involved in the formation of phospholipids which are an essential component of cell membrane.
Unsaturated fatty acids are those that contain one or more double bonds. This gives a little kink to their structure which is very essential for the fluidity of cell membranes. They are less stable than the saturated fatty acids and are also more prone to rancidity.
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In the somatic cell of a mammalian female, one of the two x chromosomes is randomly inactivated and condensed, resulting in the formation of a.
A Barr body is the resultant structure.
Which chromosome in mammals creates maleness?The Y chromosome controls maleness in mammals genetically. The mammalian male-determining gene, SRY, is located on the Y chromosome. SRY genes are present in both marsupial and placental mammals (Eutheria and Metatheria).
What is the process by which genomic imprinting occurs?What mechanism seems to underlie genomic imprinting? Genomic imprinting refers to phenotypic variance based on whether a certain allele is inherited from a male or female parent. A specific allele of a few genes is silenced as a result of genomic imprinting, which takes place during gamete development.
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Which class of acid will have an increased concentration in someone who is suffocating?.
volatile acids class will have an increased concentration in someone who is suffocating.
In essence, these are the saprophytes' waste materials. These waste materials include short-chain fatty acids like acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. These can be distilled at atmospheric pressure, which is why they are referred to as volatile acids. In contrast to nonvolatile substances, which do not vaporise easily, volatile substances tend to do so. At standard room pressure and temperature, volatile substances have an elevated vapour pressure. In these circumstances, nonvolatile substances don't have a high vapour pressure. The metabolic processes of the body produce acids on a daily basis, and in order to keep the body in balance, these acids must be eliminated or metabolized. Respiratory (volatile) and metabolic (fixed) acids are two categories for the various acids the body produces. The substance that is most volatile is HCl.
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Identify the stage of cellular respiration in which each of the following takes place.
Explanation:
There are three main steps of cellular respiration: glycolysis; the citric acid (TCA) or the Krebs cycle; and the electron transport chain, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, while glycolysis can occur in anaerobic conditions.
What is another name for programmed cell death, which occurs during normal development of a multicellular organism?.
Answer: Apoptosis
Explanation: "the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development"
Which organisms should be the least common?
Answer:
The illustration is missing the type of organisms known as decomposers. They break down dead animals and plants and have the vital role in returning the nutrients back into the system, where they can be used once more by the primary producers.
Answer: The illustration is missing the type of organisms known as decomposers. They break down dead animals and plants and have the vital role in returning the nutrients back into the system, where they can be used once more by the primary producers.
Explanation:
-. In general, what are three main components
of a transport system?
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question: what are the three main components of a transport system of the human body?
The three main components of a transport system are the Heart, Blood, and Blood vessels.
The function of the first main component, the heart, is to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body and receive the deoxygenated blood from the other various parts of the body. This impure blood is then sent to the lungs for oxygenation. The function of the blood is to transport the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the rest of the body.
Blood also transports nutrients absorbed in the digestive system to all the other organs in the body. The function of the blood vessels is to act as the vessels required to transport blood throughout the body.
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which of the following describes the path of a blood cell from the superior vena cava as it makes its way through the heart?
Left atrium left ventricle aorta pulmonary artery ung -->pulmonary vein right atrium right ventricle
Right atrium-right ventricle => pulmonary vein - lung -->pulmonary artery
Bortoteft atrium -> left ventricle
Right atrum-right ventricle pulmonary artery lung pulmonary vein
left atrium ->teft ventricle > sorta Lottatrium-left ventricle > aorto pulmonary veinung - pulmonary artery right atrium-right ventricle
The option that correctly describes the pathway of blood cells from the superior vena cava as it makes its way through the heart is: "right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> lung --> pulmonary vein --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta (Option C)
What is the pathway of blood cells?After leaving the heart, the red blood cell goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
It takes up oxygen there, transforming the deoxygenated red blood cell into an oxygenated blood cell. The blood cell subsequently returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium.
The above journey starts when the heart relaxes between two heartbeats, and blood flows from both atria (the top two chambers of the heart) into the ventricles (the lower two chambers of the heart), which subsequently expand.
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what is the polymer for monosacchride, amino acid, triglyceride, and nucleic acid
Answer:
The polymer for monossacharide is carbohydrate. The polymer for amino acid is protein, the polymer for triglyceride is lipid and the polymer for nucleic acid are DNA and RNA
Explanation:
Macromolecule or “big molecule” in living things are consist of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleid acid. Each macromolecule is called as polymer.
A polymer is made up of monomers. In other words, the monomer is a single molecule. As the monomers join together the polymer will be formed.
Macromolecule of carbohydrate is made up of numerous monomers of monosaccharide, such as glucose, galactose and fructose.
Macromolecule of protein is made up of numerous monomers of amino acid
Types of macromolecule of lipid include triglyceride, phospholipids and steroid. Triglyceride are formed by one glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Types of nucleic acid are DNA and RNA. The macromolecule of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) are made up of nucleotides.
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What is the function of genes that do not produce proteins?
Answer: regulations
Explanation:
Non-coding DNA corresponds to the portions of an organism's genome that do not code for amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Some non-coding DNA sequences are known to serve functional roles, such as in the regulation of gene expression, while other areas of non-coding DNA have no known function.
What are non-coding genes?The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child. Genes are made up of sequences of DNA and are arranged, one after another, at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.
Moreover, genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
Therefore, genes carry instructions that tell your cells how to work and grow. Cells are the building blocks of the body. Every part of your body is made up of billions of cells working together. Genes are arranged in structures called chromosomes.
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Why is it more difficult to treat fungal infections than bacterial infections in humans?.
Fungal infections are difficult to treat as compared to bacterial infections in humans.
What are fungal infections ?Fungal infections are also known as mycosis. Most fungi are harmless to humans, but some can cause disease under certain conditions. Fungi that invade tissues can cause disease limited to the skin, spread to tissues, bones, organs, or spread throughout the body. It may have an impact.
Symptoms vary depending on the affected area, but may include a rash that causes an abnormal discharge and a vaginal infection.
Because eukaryotic animal and fungal cells share many of the same basic cellular structures and mechanisms, fungi are more difficult to treat than bacteria without harming the host. This can lead to off-target drug effects, which can manifest as serious side effects in patients.
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what protects mrna from attack by cellular enzymes? group of answer choices the removal of exons rna splicing a cap and tail the lack of rna-digesting enzymes in the cytoplasm
Answer: cap and tail
Explanation:
The thing that protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes is the cap and tail, which is the third option, as the cap is a modified nucleotide structure that is added to the 5' end of mRNA during transcription.
What are the mRNA cap and tail?Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it is translated into proteins. mRNA molecules are relatively unstable and are subject to degradation by cellular enzymes in the cytoplasm. However, mRNA molecules are protected from degradation by the addition of a cap and tail during transcription. The cap is a modified guanine nucleotide that is added to the 5' end of the mRNA molecule. The cap structure protects the mRNA from exonucleases, which are enzymes that cleave the mRNA from the ends.
Hence, the thing that protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes is the cap and tail, which is the third option.
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1. Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related.
how is biomagnification similar to bioaccumulation
which of the following properties of the garden pea were advantageous for Mendel's studies of inheritance?-pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized-true-breeding strains were available-pea plants have relatively few chromosomes-many varieties with different traits were available pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilizedtrue-breeding strains were availablemany varieties with different traits were available
The properties of the garden pea were advantageous for Mendel's studies of inheritance, as pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized. The correct option is a.
What are Mendel's studies of inheritance?Mendel investigated the ancestry of seven different pea characteristics, including height, flower color, seed color, and seed shape. To do this, he first created pea lines with two distinct variations of a trait, such as tall vs. small height.
Mendel examined pea inheritance (Pisum sativum). He chose peas because they had previously been used in similar trials, they are easy to grow, and they can be sown every year. Pea blooms have both male and female parts, known as stamen and stigma, and self-pollinate.
Therefore, the correct option is a, pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized.
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Puppies have inherited genes from both parents and share many of the same characteristics.
Answer:
Explanation:
Although no two look pups alike, these puppies have inherited genes from both parents and share many of the same characteristics. Organisms grow and develop following specific instructions coded for by their genes. I hope this helps!
How many neutrons does hydrogen-1 have? How many neutrons does hydrogen-2 have?
Answer:
One Neutron
Explanation:
All three forms have one proton (pink) and one electron (dark green) but differ in the number of neutrons (gray) in the nucleus. Protium, or ordinary hydrogen (top), has no neutrons. Deuterium, or hydrogen-2 (bottom left) has one neutron. Tritium, or hydrogen-3 (bottom right) has two neutrons.
Overfishing of salmon has caused populations of wild salmon to decline. To combat this decline, salmon are raised in hatcheries, and then released to the wild. However, researchers have found that hatchery-raised salmon have reduced reproductive success in the wild, compared to wild salmon. They have also identified many genetic differences between hatchery-raised and wild salmon. Which statement describes the most likely reason for the differences between hatchery-raised and wild salmon? A. Hatchery-raised salmon have evolved to have completely different genomes from those of wild salmon. B. Hatchery-raised salmon develop into stronger swimmers than those raised in the wild. C. The pressures of a hatchery environment promote convergent evolution between hatchery-raised and wild salmon. D. The pressures of a hatchery environment and of the wild environment select for different traits.
A. Hatchery-raised salmon have evolved to have completely different genomes from those of wild salmon.
Why do the Hatchery-raised salmon have a different genome?
First generations of Hatchery-raised salmon have 700 different genes, which include variations in reproductive and survival skills which can be passed on to the next generations.
The exact reason for these genetic variations is not known yet, but by identifying these different genes, researchers hope to learn more about how they have adapted to their new lifestyle. The differences in genes between the hatchery-raised and wild salmon are vast and heritable.
These genetic changes are significant and fast. There is literally an evolutionary process at work here, but it does not take many generations or long periods of time.
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What is the best evidence that all life evolved from prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic ancestors?.
The best evidence that life evolved from prokaryotic ancestors is that the oldest fossils found are prokaryotes.
There are thousands of distinct kinds of organisms that have been preserved in fossil records, indicating that the earliest forms of life on Earth were unicellular. The multicellular organisms that make up the majority of life on Earth gradually developed as cells began to function differently as they remained together.
The oldest fossils of bacteria were found about 3.5 billion years ago, while the oldest eukaryotic organisms were found about 2.1 billion years ago, which is almost 1.5 billion years younger than the oldest fossils.
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Which recombination frequency corresponds to perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment?.
Zero 0 is the recombination frequency corresponds to perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment.
The division of homologous chromosome pairs into halves during meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells, and the assortment of these homologous chromosome pairs is random. Thus, unlike the separation of all paternal chromosomes into one cell, the separation of all maternal chromosomes into another cell will not occur.From Mendel law of independent assortment the alleles of more than or equal to two distinct genes are independently sorted into gametes. The allele a gamete receives for one gene does not affect the allele a gamete receives for another gene, in other words. The law of segregation explains how a gene's alleles divide into two gametes before coming together during fertilisation. Alleles of various genes separately segregate from one another during the development of gametes, according to the law of independent assortment.
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