Neurotransmitters are the substances that the nervous system uses to send and receive signals between neurons and between neurons and muscles.
Neurotransmitters in the body are frequently referred to as "chemical messengers." In the synaptic cleft (the small gap between the synapses of neurons), two neurons converse with one another. In this case, electrical signals that have traveled up the axon are momentarily changed into chemical signals by the release of neurotransmitters, leading to a particular reaction in the receiving neuron.
One of three effects that a neurotransmitter can have on a neuron is either excitatory, inhibitory, or modulatory.
While an inhibitory transmitter hinders it, an excitatory transmitter encourages the creation of an electrical signal known as an action potential in the receiving neuron. The receptor that a neurotransmitter binds to determines whether it has an excitatory or inhibitory effect.
Neuromodulators are a little different and can affect a lot of neurons at once because they are not limited to the synaptic cleft between two neurons. neuromodulators are a little different and can affect a lot of neurons at once. Thus, neuromodulators control populations of neurons while simultaneously functioning more slowly than excitatory and inhibitory transmitters.
The majority of neurotransmitters are either neuropeptides, amino acids, or tiny amine compounds. About a dozen small-molecule neurotransmitters and over 100 distinct neuropeptides are currently known, and researchers are continually learning more about these chemical messengers. Numerous nervous system activities as well as the regulation of body processes are influenced by these substances and their interactions.
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Explain what is meant by a metapopulation and how it relates to the desert bighorn sheep. (1 point) Identify two density-dependent factors and one density-independent factor that could affect the populations of desert bighorn sheep. (3 points) Explain the consequences to the desert bighorn sheep population if the plan to connect the mountain habitat islands is not implemented. (2 points)
A metapopulation is a collection of distinct, isolated populations that periodically spread their members throughout the habitat islands, facilitating the recolonization of islands that may otherwise become .
What constitutes a metapopulation, specifically?A metapopulation is just a population where members are spatially dispersed among two or maybe more subpopulations in a habitat. Examples of metapopulations include populations of butterflies , coral-reef fish.
How do a population and just a metapopulation differ from one another?a collection of geographically distinct populations, some of which have undergone immigration. A population is a group of conspecific people who are geographically, genetically, or demographically distinct from other groups of people.
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dna contains thymine where rna contains uracil. what are some of the evolutionary advantages for dna having thymine rather than uracil?
Because thymine is more resistant to photochemical alteration and increases the durability of the genetic information, DNA employs it instead of uracil. This is necessary in order to store all of the info essential for life to operate.
Thymine is used instead of uracil in DNA because it is more stable inside the nucleus and less prone to mutations. Because thymine is readily oxidized outside the nucleus, RNA employs uracil. Deamination of 5-methylcytosine results in thymine, whereas deamination of uracil results in cytosine. Because thymine is more resistant to photochemical alteration, the genetic code is more stable.
Thymine in lieu of uracil adds stability because it is more resistant to photochemical mutation, rendering the genetic information more stable. It also forms hydrogen bonds with adenine, which increases its stability.
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A scientific
offers a scientific explanation about
why something happens and is supported by a large number of
experiments.
check it
2 scratchpad
improve this question
A scientific theory offers a scientific explanation as to why something happens and is supported by a large number of experiments and observations.
A scientific theory is based on evidence and is tested and refined over time. It is accepted as the most probable explanation for a phenomenon, and is widely accepted by the scientific community.
A scientific theory is a set of systematically organized principles that explain a phenomenon, generally based on empirical observations.
These theories are formulated from previous ideas and concepts about the phenomenon and are subjected to empirical tests to be validated or refuted. If a theory is scientifically proven, it is considered as a plausible explanation for the phenomenon and can be considered as a scientific theory.
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What features would suggest a sample of scientific writing is well organized?
(Select all that apply)
introduces the hypothesis in the conclusion
O presents the hypothesis and draws conclusions about it
O parallels the scientific method
follows a logical progression
The features which would suggest a sample of scientific writing is well organized include the following below:
Presents the hypothesis and draws conclusions about it.Follows a logical progression.What is a Scientific writing?This is referred to as a technical form of writing that is designed to communicate scientific information to other scientists.
It contains some parameters such as the hypothesis in which the conclusion is drawn from and also following a logical progression for better analysis and understanding by others.
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in the process of robbing a store the robber cut his finger and left a trace amount of blood behind. craig was arrested but says he did not do it. craig's has blood type is a and the blood type found at the store was o, was craig the robber?
No Craig was not the robber because both the blood do not matches as Craig was arrested but says he did not do it. Craig's has blood type is a and the blood type found at the store was o.
What is a Blood type?According to the presence or absence of antibodies and hereditary antigenic compounds on the surface of red blood cells, blood is classified according to its type. these antigens could be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group systemTypes of Blood:The four major types of blood types (groups) are A, B, AB, and O. The genes we inherited from our parents are the one by which our blood type is defined . Hence, There are total of 8 blood types, each of which can be either RhD positive or RhD negative.
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if the dominant phenotype is expressed in a heterozygous individual, how does the heterozygous advantage work?
Stabilizing selection occurs when heterozygous individuals are the most likely to survive. For that reason this fitness pattern is also referred to as heterozygote advantage.
How does the heterozygous advantage work?
Heterotic balance (heterozygous advantage) polymorphisms develop when the fitness of heterozygotes is higher than the fitness of both homozygotes in a given population. A classic case of balanced polymorphism in human populations is sickle cell anemia.One example is known as 'heterozygote advantage'. This is when an organism with two different alleles of a particular gene has greater fitness than an organism with two identical copies of either allele. A seemingly bizarre example of heterozygote advantage is related to sickle cell anaemia in African people.Heterozygous, as related to genetics, refers to having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. Thus, an individual who is heterozygous for a genomic marker has two different versions of that marker.To learn more about phenotype refers to"
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What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract? a. oligodendrocyte b. astrocyte c. Schwann cell d. satellite cell
Oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract.
The primary roles of oligodendroglia, a kind of neuroglia, are to support and insulate axons in the central nervous system of jawed vertebrates, which is analogous to the role played by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. To do this, oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath. A single oligodendrocyte may extend its processes to 50 axons, wrapping a myelin coating of around 1 mm around each one while Schwann cells can only do so for one axon. One myelin segment is formed by each oligodendrocyte for a number of nearby axons.
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Which row in the chart below best describes the active transport of molecule X through a cell membrane?
Row Movement of Molecule X Use of ATP
1 high concentration - low concentration used
2 high concentration - low concentration not used
3 low concentration - low concentration used
4 low concentration - low concentration not used
3 low concentration - low concentration used, The active passage of molecule X across a cell membrane is best represented by the third row of the chart below.
A molecule can be heteronuclear, which is a chemical compound made up of more than one element, such as water, or homonuclear, which is a molecule made up of atoms of one chemical element, such as the two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O2) (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O). A molecule is a collection of two or more chemically bound atoms, whether they are from the same element or another. One molecule of water is created, for instance, when two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom combine. There are three different kinds of molecules x : atom-sized molecules, element-sized molecules, and compound-sized molecules.
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in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the acyl carrier protein repeatedly sweeps over a series of enzymes to elongate the fatty acid chain. if the acp started with no fatty acid attached, after 5 repeats of the synthesis cycle, how long will be the newly synthesized fatty acid chain?
In the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the acyl carrier protein repeatedly sweeps over a series of enzymes to elongate the fatty acid chain. if the acp started with no fatty acid attached, after 5 repeats of the synthesis cycle, the newly synthesized fatty acid chain will be single cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis: Acetyl-A.
Enzyme-containing proteins operate as biological catalysts and hasten chemical processes. Enzymes interact with substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into products, which are different molecules. The majority of cellular metabolic processes cannot occur at rates fast enough to support life without enzyme catalysis. Each step in the catalysis of metabolic processes requires the presence of an enzyme. Enzymeology, pseudoenzyme analysis, and the study of enzymes all agree that some enzymes have developed without the ability to carry out biological catalysis. This is frequently reflected in their peculiar "pseudocatalytic" properties and amino acid patterns.
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TRUE/FALSE. R-selected species have a short life span and an early reproduction cycle. Please select the best answer from the choices provided
That statement is true! Species such as clams frequently have enormous reproductive bouts with extremely long lifespans, in contrast to K chosen species such as humans.
What is reproduction cycle?It goes through four stages: menstrual, regenerative, proliferative, and secretory. The cycle duration is the time it takes from the first day of one menstruation to the first day of the following menstruation; most usual cycles last 28 days, but it can range from 21 to 40 days. Puberty and sexual maturity, the breeding season, the estrous cycle, postpartum sexual activity, and aging are all related to the reproductive cycle. Environmental, genetic, physiologic, hormonal, behavioral, and psychological variables all influence these components. Reproduction is a biological process in which an organism reproduces biologically similar offspring. Reproduction allows and guarantees species continuation generation after generation. It is the most important aspect of life on Earth.
Here,
That is correct! Clams, for example, have enormous reproductive bouts with extremely long lifespans, in contrast to K chosen species like humans.
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The Endocrine System has many functions including ____________. (select all that apply)
a) Producing neurotransmitters
b) Controlling movement of food through the digestive tract
c) Regulating blood ions concentrations
d) Maintaining blood volume
e) Receiving sensory information from the environment
Endocrine System secrete the chemical messengers called hormones and help regulate blood ion concentration, Maintain Blood volume in our body. Correct option (D)
The endocrine system is a messenger system that consists of feedback loops of hormones delivered by an organism's internal glands straight into the circulatory system, therefore controlling distant target organs. The hypothalamus is the neurological control center for all endocrine systems in animals. The thyroid and adrenal glands are the two most important endocrine glands in humans. Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system and its diseases.
An axis is a group of glands that communicate with one another in a certain order, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition to the specialist endocrine organs indicated above, many additional organs that are part of other bodily systems, such as bone, kidneys, liver, heart, and gonads, have secondary endocrine activities.
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Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. If he had just warmed the nutrient-rich broth, rather than boiled it, what would have been the likely outcome of his experiment
In the experiment on spontaneous generation, if Pasteur had just warmed the nutrient-rich broth, rather than boiled it, the likely outcome of his experiment would have been that: Cells would have appeared in both flasks.
The spontaneous generation experiment was conducted in the year 1859 by Louis Pasteur where he boiled the nutrient broth and deduced that when it was exposed to direct air, the broth decomposed and showed growth of small microorganisms in it.
Cell is the most fundamental unit of the living organisms. It is divided into two categories: prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. The eukaryotic cell is the advanced cell types which has further two classes: plant cell and animal cell.
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What makes fossil fuels so popular?
A. it does not affect the environment to collect the fuels
B. it creates byproducts that can be reused to make more electricity
C. it creates an excess of carbon dioxide to keep the world warm enough for life
D. it is less expensive to produce and distribute than renewable energy
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Because fossil fuels are inexpensive to produce, and distribute. It's not A because fossil fuels are harmful to the environment. Not B because it's not reusable. And it's not C because it won't make the world warm enought for life.
during which phase does the number of cells increase?
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This process is also known as mitosis. During mitosis, the genetic material in the parent cell is replicated and divided equally between the daughter cells.
The process of mitosis is divided into five distinct phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the cell's nuclear membrane begins to break down and the chromosomes in the nucleus condense. During prometaphase, the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and the spindle fibers move them to opposite side of the cell. Finally, during telophase, the nuclear membrane reforms, the chromosomes decondense, and two daughter cells are formed.
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What is the relationship between the DNA sequence, the mutation and the resulting protein?
Please answer quickly:)
Answer:
Sometimes gene variants (mutations) can cause one or more proteins to stop working properly or at all. Some may have no affect.
Explanation:
The function of a molecule will depend on the structure of it. Proteins have areas that are involved in the function of the molecule and some areas that may not be . For instance, there are mutations that can occur on the molecule hemoglobin. One of these changes causes a hydrophobic patch to appear on the molecule and it forms aggregates. This causes the molecule to not be able to function normally. It is possible for a mutation to occur and nothing happen to the function of the molecule. If the amino acid is not replaced by the DNA mutation, then there will be no change in the structure or function of the molecule. If the mutation happens to a key residue in the active site, all function can be lost.
Answer:
Answer: DNA is the genetic material of all living organisms and contains the instructions for the production of proteins. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the structure and function of proteins. Proteins are essential for many cellular processes, including cell growth and division, metabolism, and the immune response.
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Some mutations can change the sequence of amino acids in a protein, altering its structure and function. Depending on the type of mutation and its location in the gene, the resulting protein may be non-functional, partially functional, or have altered function. Some mutations may have no effect on the protein at all. The relationship between the DNA sequence, the mutation, and the resulting protein is complex, and the effect of a mutation on a protein can only be determined by analyzing the specific mutation and its location in the gene.
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Considering the Mendelian traits tall (D) versus dwarf (d) and violet (W) versus white (w), consider the crosses below and determine the genotypes of the parental plants by analyzing the phenotypes of the offspring. Part A Parental Plants Offspring tall, violet x tall, white 1/2 tall, white 1/2 tall, violet Select all that apply.
Answer:
The genotypes of the parental plants for the cross tall, violet x tall, white are DdWw for the tall, violet plant, and Ddww for the tall, white plant. The offspring of this cross will be DdWw, Ddww, DdWw, and Ddww, respectively.
Why is it called directional selection?
Directional selection occurs when individuals in a population with features on one side of the mean outlive or reproduce more than those on the other.
It has been proven numerous times in wild populations, using both observational and experimental methods.
Persons homozygous for one allele have a higher fitness than individuals with other genotypes, whereas individuals homozygous for the other allele have a lower fitness than individuals with other genotypes.
In a statistical examination of natural selection, directional selection produces a population bell curve for a specific attribute that shifts to the left or right. Unlike stabilizing selection, however, the height of the bell curve does not fluctuate.
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Atelectasis (lung collapse) renders the lung useless for ventilation.True or False
A potentially harmful reaction known as the Hering-Breuer reflex can result in lung overinflation. In more basic pH conditions, oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more quickly.
What leads to pulmonary atelectasis?A bronchus or bronchiole blockage, as well as pressure on the lung's outside, are the two main causes of atelectasis. The condition known as atelectasis is distinct from pneumothorax, another type of collapsed lung that happens when air escapes from the lung.
What is the main reason for atelectasis?When lung sacs (alveoli) cannot adequately expand, atelectasis develops, potentially preventing oxygen from reaching the body's tissues, blood, and organs. It may be brought on by an obstruction or pressure outside the lung. Surgery under anesthesia is the most frequent reason for atelectasis.
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A cancer patient need to increae hi acorbic acid C6H8O6 intake to fight cancer cell. A) how many mole of acrobic acid thoe he need to complete the doctor precription of 13. 00g of intravenuou acrobic acid everyday for 1 month?
Ascorbic acid in 13.00g is 13.00g / 176.13 g/mol = 0.0738 mole. We can use the formula Number of moles = mass of substance / molar mass of substance. The molar mass of ascorbic acid is 176.13 g/mol.
Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient that has been shown to have anticancer properties. It is a powerful antioxidant that can help protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to the development of cancer. One way in which ascorbic acid may help to fight cancer cells is by inhibiting their growth and proliferation. This can be done through several mechanisms, such as by disrupting the formation of blood vessels that supply nutrients to cancer cells, or by triggering the death of cancer cells through a process known as apoptosis. The patient's daily dose of 13.00g of ascorbic acid, is a high dose compared to the recommended daily intake for a healthy adult, which is 75-90 mg/day. That's because cancer treatment require higher dosages of certain vitamins and minerals.
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what is the frequency of the a1 allele in a population composed of 20 a1a1 individuals, 80 a1a2 individuals, and 100 a2a2 individuals?
The prevalence of the A1 allele is 0.3 in a population made up of 20 a1a1 people, 80 a1a2 persons, and 100 a2a2 individuals.
A frequency is what?The frequency of a repeated event is its number of instances per time unit.
It differs from angular frequency and is sometimes referred to as high temporal for clarification. One event occurs per second when measuring frequency in hertz. The time elapsed between events is measured by the period, which represents the inverse of the frequency.
What is Clarity?He communicates information very clearly, making it simple to grasp, see him hear him.
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Forensic scientists are using DNA typing. What are they MOST likely trying to accomplish?
They are trying to write a document about DNA matches from CODIS.
They are trying to distinguish one person's DNA from another.
They are trying to make a bond between two strands of DNA.
They are trying to cut a strand of DNA into smaller fragments.
Answer:
They are trying to distinguish one person's DNA from another.
Explanation:
DNA typing, commonly referred to as DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting, is a technique used by forensic experts to identify and separate the DNA of different people. A person's unique DNA profile may be created by scientists by examining particular DNA regions. This profile can be used to rule out a suspect from suspicion or to match DNA discovered at a crime scene to a particular suspect. Criminal investigations, incidents involving missing persons, and attempts to identify human remains all frequently employ DNA typing. The most likely objective of forensic scientists using DNA typing is to identify people and link them to a particular crime scene. This is a strong tool.
what is a carbohydrate? a.) an organic compound that houses an organism's genetic information b.) an organic compound produced as a byproduct of atp production c.) an organic compound composed of nucleic acids and used for many purposes in the cell d.) an organic compound the body breaks down into sugars
The body converts organic compounds called carbohydrates into sugars.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up the organic molecules that make up carbohydrates. For the majority of organisms, carbohydrates serve as their main source of energy. The primary source of energy for cells is the sugar glucose. An organic substance called a carbohydrate, like sugar or starch, is used to store energy. Like the majority of organic compounds, carbohydrates are made up of tiny, recurrent units that join together to form larger molecules. The tiny repeating units in the case of carbohydrates are referred to as monosaccharides. One of the three main sources of energy for our body is carbohydrates, which are macronutrients.
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Genetic marker analysis shows that genes A, B, and C are all found on the same chromosome. A study finds that the alleles for genes A and C are almost always inherited together. The alleles for gene B assort independently of genes A and C. Which conclusion is most likely true?
A. Gene B must be on one of the chromatids with genes A and B on the other.
B. Gene B must be on one end of the chromosome with genes A and C on the other.
C. The genetic marker analysis must be incorrect; gene B is found on a different chromosome.
D. The inheritance study must be incorrect; gene B should show linked inheritance with genes A and C.
The correct answer would be - Gene B must be on one end of the chromosome with genes A and C on the other.
It is known that gene A and gene C are always inherited together in the next generation of cells while B assorts independently of others which means the location of the gene B is different from the other two genes A and C that are present on the same chromosome.
Most likely genes A and C are present at one end or arm of the chromosome that inherited together while gene B is located on other ends, therefore, assort independently.
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Match each characteristic to the type of protist it describes. shows absence of cell wall, though chloroplasts may be present feeds on decaying matter enclosed by a membrane called a pellicle slime mold belongs to this category presence of flagella absence of cell wall as well as chloroplasts
Answer:
Slime mold belongs to this category: Protista. Shows absence of cell wall, though chloroplasts may be present: Euglenozoa. Presence of flagella: Zoomastigina. Enclosed by a membrane called a pellicle: Sarcodina. Feeds on decaying matter: Myxomycota. Absence of cell wall as well as chloroplasts: Apicomplexa.
[Anatomy of the eye] Peripheral vision is performed by nearly pure concentrations of ______, viewed as blurry and colorless.
Peripheral vision is performed by nearly pure concentrations of rods, viewed as blurry and colorless.
What is peripheral vision?Peripheral vision, also known as indirect vision, refers to vision that is received away from the point of fixation, or, when viewed at extreme angles, in (or out of) the "corner of one's eye."
Peripheral vision is the term used to describe the overwhelming majority of the visual field. "Far peripheral" refers to the region at the outside of the visual field, "mid-peripheral" to medium eccentricities, and "near peripheral," also known as "para-central," to the region that is immediately surrounding the center of gaze.
Your peripheral vision is aided by rod-shaped nerve cells that are situated away from the macula, the focal point of your retina. It's crucial to have peripheral vision since it enables you to observe things around you without having to turn your head or shift your eyes.
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Some adaptations of a hawk are illustrated here.Which of these adaptations most help the hawk keep other hawks out of its territory by warning them from far away?Pilihan jawabanBrown headLoud callHollow bonesSharp claws
Pilihan Jaw and sharp claws are the adaptations of a hawk that keep other hawks out of its territory by warning them from far away.
Hawks have enormous eyes and a highly developed sense of sight, a curved beak, strong, sharp talons, wings that allow them to soar, hit and carry their victim rapidly. Strong, sharp beak and talons aid in defence against predators and keep other raptors out of their nesting and hunting grounds.
An adaptation is any heritable trait that allows a plant or animal to live and reproduce in a given environment. Hawks have eight times the visual acuity of humans, in addition to having greater long-distance vision. Hawks are color-blind. However, in hawks, the size differential between the sexes is inverted, with females being larger and stronger than males.
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an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
two alleles of a given gene exist in a population: ctgt and tgtc. (note: the codes given are only for the transcribed strand of the dna in the two alleles.) three possible single crossover events are possible between these two alleles. as a result of the three different crossover events, how many total new alleles (new sequences of dna) could be produced?
As a result of the three different crossover events between the two alleles ctgt and tgtc, six total new alleles can be produced. The three possible single crossover events are ctgt - tgtc, ctgc - tgtc, and ctgt - tgcc. Each of these events produces two new alleles, producing a total of six new alleles.
These six new alleles will have different combinations of the genetic material from the two parent alleles. For example, the first crossover event, ctgt - tgtc, produces the alleles ctgc and tgtg. The allele ctgc contains the first three nucleotides of the ctgt allele and the last three nucleotides of the tgtc allele.
Similarly, the allele tgtg contains the first three nucleotides of the tgtc allele and the last three nucleotides of the ctgt allele. The other four alleles produced by the other two crossover events will have similar combinations of the genetic material from the parent alleles.
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how many ways are there for an organism to become a fossil once it is buried?
There are Five ways for an organism to become a fossil once it is buried.The remnants of an organism often need to be buried by silt soon after death in order for it to become fossilized.
The preserved remains, or signs of remains, of extinct animals are called fossils. The remnants of the creature itself are not fossils! They're stones. An full organism or only a portion of one can be preserved as a fossil. Leaves, feathers, shells, bones, and shells may all turn into fossils. Fossils come in a wide range of sizes. Only a microscope can see microfossils. Microfossils include pollen and bacteria. Macrofossils can weigh several tons and measure many meters in length. Petrified trees and dinosaur bones are examples of macrofossils. After they die, the majority of creatures degrade pretty fast. Sand-covered ocean floors, lava, and even tar-like substances can all be sediment.
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just graduating from veterinary school and passing the test for her certification, siobhan is excited to begin using her new knowledge. she has learned about all kinds of animals in her training. siobhan joins a veterinary practice in a suburban area. although siobhan does, indeed, see different types of animals, which kind of animal will she see most often?
Siobhan will most likely see dogs and cats as patients in her veterinary practice.
In a suburban area, it is likely that Siobhan's veterinary practice will be mostly focused on small animals such as dogs and cats. These are the most common pets that people own, and therefore, the most common animals that will be brought to the veterinary practice for treatment. Additionally, these animals are considered as a member of the family, so their owners are more likely to invest in their health care, by taking them to the vet for regular check-ups or when they are unwell.
Although Siobhan has learned about all kinds of animals in her training, as a small animal veterinarian, she will most likely see dogs and cats as her primary patients. However, Siobhan may also see other small animals such as birds, rabbits, ferrets, and guinea pigs.
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