Spartacus was a Thracian gladiator who was enslaved by the Romans and forced to fight in the arenas. It is believed that he was captured by the Romans during a military campaign and sold into slavery.
As a slave, Spartacus was trained as a gladiator and forced to fight in the Roman arenas, where he and other gladiators entertained the Roman audiences with their battles and often fought to the death. Despite being a slave, Spartacus was known for his physical strength, intelligence, and leadership skills. In 73 BCE, he led a group of gladiators in a rebellion against their Roman oppressors. This rebellion eventually grew into the largest slave revolt in ancient Rome, with thousands of slaves joining Spartacus's forces.
Spartacus and his army of slaves won several victories against the Roman army, which alarmed the Roman authorities. However, the rebellion was eventually crushed by the Roman general Marcus Licinius Crassus in 71 BCE, and Spartacus was killed in battle. Despite the failure of the rebellion, Spartacus became a symbol of resistance against oppression and inspired many later rebellions and uprisings.
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U.S. and North Vietnamese negotiators in Paris beginning in 1969
The U.S. and North Vietnamese negotiators in Paris beginning in 1969 were involved in peace talks aimed at ending the Vietnam War, which had been raging since the early 1960s.
Henry Kissinger, the national security adviser to President Richard Nixon, headed the American delegation during the negotiations, which were place in the French capital.
The conversations took place over a period of time that included multiple rounds. The question of American troops leaving Vietnam was one of the main points of contention. The Americans insisted on a phased pullout that was linked to a cease-fire agreement while the North Vietnamese requested the complete removal of all American forces.
The subject of South Vietnam's future was another important one. While the Americans and their allies in South Vietnam insisted on maintaining a separate, non-communist South Vietnam, the North Vietnamese demanded the unification of the country under their communist government.
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Why was U.S. and North Vietnamese negotiators in Paris beginning in 1969
What leisure activities developed during the industrial period?
Horse racing, cricket, soccer, music halls, theatre and the opera were popular past times leisure activities. The theatre was well-liked by the more affluent residents.
Adults enjoyed playing indoor parlour games during the Victorian era. Children who loved board games, dominoes, and puzzles benefited from these activities. Outdoor games were also popular; for kids, they would have included horseshoes, marbles, or croquet.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, time and behaviour followed established patterns, with weekends being elastic because of saints' day Monday holidays. The two most common responses from Americans in our study on "Most Popular Hobbies & Activities" were "Cooking & baking" and "Reading". 59,934 individuals from the United States participated in the poll online.
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1) James Lawson taught classes with role playing in Nashville, Tennessee during the early 1960s. What were they practicing? Why were they practicing this?
1) James Lawson impartió clases con juegos de rol en Nashville, Tennessee, a principios de la década de 1960. ¿Qué estaban practicando? ¿Por qué estaban practicando esto?
The role-playing exercises utilized in Lawson's workshops were an important element of the training and preparation that civil rights activists received in order to organize effective nonviolent resistance campaigns and effect substantial change in American culture.
Who was James Lawson?James Lawson was a famous civil liberties activist and advocate of passive resistance the one transported workshops and classes on peaceful direct operation all the while the early 1960s in Nashville, Tennessee. The role-risking exercises that Lawson brought in in welcome classes were aimed at preparation activists in passive resistance methods and preparing ruling class for the tangible and sentimental challenges they might encounter all along protests and parades.
The role acting exercises helped colleagues to cultivate abilities such as stopping calm and collected regardless of violence or attitude, countering to meanness with understanding and humanity, and utilizing nonviolent ideas to resolve conflicts.
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President dwight eisenhower promoted civil rights by:.
Answer: "In 1957, President Eisenhower sent Congress a proposal for civil rights legislation. The result was the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first civil rights legislation since Reconstruction."
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After relieving general mcclellan of his duties, a frustrated president lincoln watched different generals try and fail to lead the union to victory. Who were these generals?.
There were multiple generals who tried and failed to lead the Union to victory after President Lincoln relieved General McClellan of his duties. Some of these generals included General Ambrose Burnside, General Joseph, and General George Meade.
General Burnside was appointed to command the Army of the Potomac after McClellan's removal but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg. General Joseph then took command but was also defeated at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Finally, General Meade assumed command and achieved a Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg, but was criticized for not pursuing the Confederate Army after their retreat. Despite these failures, Lincoln eventually found success with General Ulysses S. Grant, who became the top Union general and ultimately led them to victory in the Civil War.
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A major weakness of all progressive presidents, was their record in?
1. Woman's suffrage
2. Election reform
3.Civil rights for African american
4. Reforms in city government
which region of the united states was most dependent on roadways for transportation in the mid-1800s? group of answer choicesthe northeastthe midwestlos angelesthe south
In the mid-1800s, the region of the United States that was most dependent on roadways for transportation was the Midwest. This was due to the region's vast expanse of land and lack of navigable waterways.
The development of the national road and other highways during this time period greatly facilitated the movement of goods and people throughout the Midwest.
While the Northeast also relied heavily on roads for transportation, the region had a more developed network of canals and waterways. Los Angeles was not yet a significant urban center during this time period, and the South relied heavily on waterways such as the Mississippi River for transportation. Overall, the Midwest's dependence on roadways played a crucial role in the region's economic and social development during the mid-1800s.
In the mid-1800s, the region of the United States most dependent on roadways for transportation was the Northeast. The Northeast was more industrialized and urbanized than the Midwest and the South, leading to a higher demand for efficient transportation. Additionally, Midwestlos and Los Angeles were not relevant terms during this period, as Los Angeles was a small town in California and "Midwestlos" is not a recognized term. In summary, the Northeast was the region most reliant on roadways for transportation in the mid-1800s.
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Who was Muhammad Ali? Describe his rule in Egypt and his efforts to industrialize Egypt.
As Egypt's governor, he oversaw the construction of textile industries. Peasants were compelled to work in the cotton fields during the winter as a result of Ali's measures.
The money generated from the sale of cotton was utilised to build industries by Ali's government. These facilities produced food and a few other items in addition to processing cotton for garments. Egypt was able to profit from its own industrialisation as a result.
Following the French occupation of Egypt from 1798 to 1801, Muhammad 'Ali (1769–1849), the Ottoman vicegerent of Egypt, seized control of the collapsing Empire and proclaimed himself the country's ruler, or khedive. Egypt established itself as a significant cotton producer throughout the nineteenth century and started the process of becoming an industrialised economy. However, for reasons that are still up for debate, Egypt's industrialization ultimately failed.
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since the fall of communism in the early 1990s, many eastern european countries have been spending big bucks to develop first-class winter resorts.
T/F
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The fall of communism in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s brought about a significant change in the economic and political systems of these countries. With the transition to a market economy and the rise of tourism as an important industry, many Eastern European countries began investing in the development of first-class winter resorts to attract tourists and boost their economies.
Countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland have invested heavily in the development of ski resorts with modern infrastructure and high-quality services, such as ski lifts, snowmaking systems, and hotels. These resorts offer a range of activities, from skiing and snowboarding to snowshoeing, ice-skating, and après-ski entertainment.
Investing in winter tourism has helped to diversify the economies of these countries and create new jobs, especially in regions where there are few other employment opportunities. It has also generated significant revenue from foreign visitors and helped to improve the infrastructure and services in these regions.
Overall, the development of first-class winter resorts has been a significant economic and social transformation for many Eastern European countries, helping them to move away from the legacy of communism and towards a more prosperous and diversified future.
document signed by FDR & Churchill stating Allied war aims in 1941
Following a meeting of the two heads of state in Newfoundland on August 14, 1941, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill jointly issued the Atlantic Charter document. The comprehensive declaration of American and British military objectives included in the Atlantic Charter.
The Atlantic Charter, an agreement on war objectives between besieged Great Britain and the neutral United States, was the product of this summit.
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, both made clear "certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world."
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bout of households in the world had internet access in 2018.in, about 10 percent of households in africa has internet access.households internet access grew by more than 30 percent between 2008 and 2018 in
The answer is that it is unclear what percentage of households in the world had internet access in 2018. However, according to your second piece of information, about 10 percent of households in Africa had internet access.
It is important to note that internet access varies greatly depending on the region and country. While some areas have widespread access, others may have limited or no access at all. Additionally, the definition of "internet access" may also vary, as some households may have access but at slower speeds or limited data usage.
Regarding the third piece of information you provided, it is significant that households with internet access grew by more than 30 percent between 2008 and 2018. This suggests that there has been an increase in the availability and affordability of internet access, which can have a positive impact on education, communication, and economic opportunities.
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The 1956 film high society is a musical remake of what 1940 movie?.
The 1956 film High Society is a musical remake of the 1940 movie The Philadelphia Story.
The Philadelphia Story was a romantic comedy that starred Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, and James Stewart.
It was a box office success and received six Oscar nominations, winning two for Best Actor and Best Screenplay.
High Society followed the same basic plot, with wealthy socialites dealing with romantic entanglements and personal drama, but added musical numbers and a star-studded cast including Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly, and Frank Sinatra.
Despite mixed reviews, High Society was also a commercial success and is still remembered as a classic musical film.
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What were Britian, France, and America doing during this time?
The period between 1754 and 1763 is known as the Seven Years' War or the French and Indian War. During this time, Britain, France, and America were involved in a number of military and political actions that shaped the course of history.
At the time, Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania were all British colonies along the eastern seaboard, making Britain the preeminent colonial power in North America.
On the other hand, France wanted to preserve its position as the region's economic leader and fought to defend its fur trade with local Native American tribes. At the time, America was made up of various regionally distinct British colonies.
The British and the French fought a number of battles and skirmishes throughout North America during the Seven Years' War, including in the Ohio Valley, the Great Lakes region, and along the Atlantic coast.
European nations that fought in Europe and foreign colonies included Prussia, Austria, and Russia in the conflict.
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What were Britain, France, and America doing during 1754-63 time?
The United States is often called a nation of immigrants, and yet US history reveals many examples of anti-immigrant sentiment, actions and legal restrictions. Which is true — that America is a nation of immigrants or that it is a nation that does not support immigration?
To successfully answer this prompt, reference and cite historical and recent events to support your argument. You don’t need to include all the information from your notes in the table above, but citing certain events or terms will strengthen your argument. Reference the process section below to help create your presentation.
Answer:
Both statements contain elements of truth, but the statement that "America is a nation of immigrants" is more accurate.
Explanation:
The United States has a long and complex history of immigration, with millions of people coming to the country in search of a better life, freedom, and opportunity. From the early colonizers to the waves of immigrants in the 19th and 20th centuries, immigrants have played a significant role in shaping American society and culture.
However, it is also true that throughout its history, the United States has experienced periods of anti-immigrant sentiment, actions, and legal restrictions. There have been instances where certain groups of immigrants were discriminated against or excluded from entering the country altogether, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 or the Immigration Act of 1924, which restricted immigration from certain countries.
Despite these challenges, America's legacy as a nation of immigrants has remained strong, and immigration continues to be an essential part of the country's identity and culture. The United States has a rich history of welcoming immigrants from all over the world and has been shaped by their contributions and experiences.
Who was both the lightest and heaviest james bond, weighing 164 lbs. In goldeneye and 211 lbs. In die another day?.
Pierce Brosnan was both the lightest and heaviest James Bond, weighing 164 lbs in GoldenEye and 211 lbs in Die Another Day.
Pierce Brosnan portrayed James Bond in four movies, starting with GoldenEye in 1995 and ending with Die Another Day in 2002. In GoldenEye, Brosnan weighed around 164 lbs, making him the lightest actor to play Bond. However, by the time he starred in Die Another Day, he had put on some weight and weighed around 211 lbs, making him the heaviest actor to play Bond. Despite the weight difference, Brosnan still managed to deliver an impressive performance as the iconic spy.
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reasons world war seemed unlikely in 1914
In 1914, many people believed that another world war was unlikely for several reasons: Economic Interdependence, Balance of Power, Arms Race and Diplomacy.
For a number of reasons in 1914, a new world war was viewed as unlikely:
Economic Interdependence: By 1914, many nations in Europe were economically interdependent on one another, depending on one another for commerce and resources. Balance of Power: With multiple strong nations vying for influence, there existed a tenuous balance of power throughout Europe. Arms Race: Despite the fact that the arms race has been going on for a while, many people thought it would act more as a preventative measure than as a catalyst for conflict. Diplomacy: Many individuals thought that any disputes between nations could be settled by diplomacy and discussions.For such more question on Economic:
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The reasons why world war seemed unlikely in 1914 was?
What was the name of the decree that required a majority of the white males in a state to swear loyalty to the union?.
The name of the decree that required a majority of the white males in a state to swear loyalty to the union was the Ironclad Oath. This oath was a requirement for any individual who wanted to vote or hold public office in the United States during the Civil War era.
The Ironclad Oath demanded that the individual swear an allegiance to the United States, renounce any previous allegiance to the Confederacy, and pledge their support to the Union's efforts to end the Civil War. The oath was an attempt to prevent Confederate sympathizers from holding positions of power and influence within the Union government. While the Ironclad Oath was controversial and faced criticism for being too strict and exclusionary, it played a significant role in ensuring that the Union was able to maintain control and legitimacy during the tumultuous years of the Civil War.
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U.S. ship whose explosion helped cause Spanish-American War
The U.S. ship whose explosion helped cause the Spanish-American War was the USS Maine.
In 1898, the USS Maine was sent to Havana, Cuba, to protect American interests during the Cuban War of Independence. On February 15, the ship exploded and sank, killing 260 American sailors on board. The cause of the explosion was never definitively determined, but many Americans at the time believed that the Spanish were responsible, and newspapers such as those owned by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer stoked anti-Spanish sentiment with their coverage of the incident. The rallying cry "Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain" became a popular slogan, and the incident helped to galvanize support for the war. In 1911, a U.S. Navy investigation concluded that the cause of the explosion was likely a fire in one of the ship's coal bunkers that spread to the ship's magazines, but the controversy surrounding the incident continues to this day.
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Which of the following presidents was the first to expand the power of the presidency through the use of executive orders?
- Herbert Hoover
- Andrew Jackson
- Dwight Eisenhower
- George Washington
It's Not B I got it wrong!!!
George Washington was the first president to use executive orders to increase the power of the office of the presidency. Correct option is D.
American military soldier, statesman, and Founding Father George Washington presided over the country as its first leader from 1789 to 1797. In addition to leading the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, George Washington also held the office of president of the United States from 1789 to 1797.
He led the colonists to victory over the British during the American Revolution, becoming a national hero in the process. He opted not to run for a third term and suggested that every president should only serve two four-year terms.
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what evidence does the declaration provide to support the claim that the british government had neglected a fundamental responsibility?
The Declaration of Independence provides several pieces of evidence to support the claim that the British government neglected a fundamental responsibility.
This statement is that the British government had neglected a fundamental responsibility to secure the natural rights of its citizens, such as the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
The British government imposed taxes on the American colonies without giving them representation in the British Parliament, denying them a voice in decisions affecting their lives. The British government dissolved the colonial legislatures, which were established to address the needs of the colonists, thereby obstructing the colonists' right to self-government.
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What do you think were two effects of the civil war on the united states?.
Two significant effects of the Civil War on the United States were the abolition of slavery and the strengthening of the federal government.
The Civil War led to the abolition of slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation and the passage of the 13th Amendment. The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862, declared that all slaves in Confederate states would be set free. This shifted the focus of the war towards the issue of slavery and motivated the North to fight for a more just cause. Following the end of the war, the 13th Amendment was ratified in 1865, which officially abolished slavery in the United States. This significant outcome reshaped the social and economic structure of the nation, as millions of African Americans were no longer considered property and were granted basic human rights. Another effect of the Civil War was the strengthening of the federal government. The struggle between the North and the South was partly fueled by disagreements over states' rights and the power of the federal government. The victory of the Union forces reasserted the authority of the federal government and confirmed its supremacy over individual states. As a result, the United States transitioned from a collection of semi-autonomous states to a more unified nation, with the federal government holding increased power and influence. This change allowed for greater national cohesion and set the stage for the growth and development of the country in the following decades.
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What year was the fundamental orders of connecticut written.
1639 was the year in which the fundamental orders of Connecticut were written.
The right to choose the system of governance under which one will live is listed as a fundamental right in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and it is noteworthy that this right was not reserved for Englishmen.
This right is implied in the charter because the laws that should govern the settlers' lives were "Ordered, sentenced, and decreed" by them.
Along with yearly elections, secret ballots, term limits, and the "liberty of speech" for elected officials, the settlers established this political right. The agreement made in 1638–1639 by the freemen of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield is known officially as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
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Which battle of the american revolution shares its name with an ivy league?.
The Battle of Princeton, part of the American Revolutionary War, shares its name with Princeton University, one of the eight Ivy League schools.
The battle took place on January 3, 1777 in Princeton, New Jersey, and was fought between American forces led by General George Washington and British forces led by General Charles Cornwallis. The battle was a decisive victory for the American forces, who were able to seize control of Princeton and push the British back to New Brunswick.
This victory was an important turning point in the war, as it provided a morale boost for the American forces and demonstrated that the British were not invincible. The battle remains an important part of American history, and it is remembered for its strategic importance in the success of the American Revolution.
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revivalist(s) in lectures on revival who contended that social justice was necessary for lasting revival.
Revivalist groups of individuals referred to in lectures on revival believed that social justice was a crucial element for revival to have long-lasting effects. Here option C is the correct answer.
In lectures on revival, some revivalists have argued that social justice is an essential component of a lasting revival. This argument stems from the belief that spiritual renewal and social transformation are interconnected and interdependent. According to this perspective, a revival that does not address issues of social justice and inequality may produce a temporary spiritual high but will eventually lose its momentum and impact.
These revivalists contend that a genuine revival involves not only personal conversion and renewal but also a commitment to working toward social justice and addressing systemic injustices. This could include issues such as poverty, racism, and inequality. By addressing these issues, a revival can have long-lasting effects and bring about significant social change.
While not all revivalists hold this view, it is a perspective that has gained traction in some circles and is worth considering when examining the relationship between revival and social justice.
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Complete question:
Which of the following groups of individuals, mentioned in lectures on revival, believed that social justice was a crucial element for a revival to have long-lasting effects?
A) Religious leaders
B) Politicians
C) Revivalist(s)
D) Educators
In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned Americans about the dangers of
a) presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon
b) insufficient federal spending on the needs of the poor
c) communist subversion of the civil rights movement
d) the lack of a national health insurance program
e) the military-industrial complex
In his farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned Americans about the dangers of the military-industrial complex (e).
He emphasized that the United States needed to maintain a strong and effective defense, but he also cautioned against the excessive influence and power of the military-industrial complex, which consists of the close relationship between the armed forces, defense industries, and government agencies.
Eisenhower believed that the military-industrial complex could pose a threat to democracy if it grew unchecked, as it could lead to misplaced priorities, excessive spending on defense, and a reduction in resources for other important areas, such as education and social welfare.
He urged citizens and government leaders to maintain a balance between national security needs and the needs of a democratic society.
In his speech, he encouraged Americans to be vigilant and aware of the potential dangers of this complex and to strive for a proper balance between military strength and the other aspects of society.
Overall, Eisenhower's farewell address highlighted the importance of keeping the military-industrial complex in check to preserve the country's democratic values and ensure the well-being of all its citizens.
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fill in the blank. While some believe that increases in science and medical technology were the reasons for improved general health in the twentieth century, historians and social scientists __________.
While some believe that increases in science and medical technology were the reasons for improved general health in the twentieth century, historians and social scientists have a more nuanced perspective.
It is true that medical advancements such as antibiotics, vaccines, and surgical procedures have contributed to longer life expectancies and better health outcomes. However, there are several other factors that have played a significant role in improving public health.
One of the most important factors is public health policy. In the early twentieth century, public health campaigns focused on improving sanitation and hygiene, reducing the spread of infectious diseases, and ensuring access to clean water and food. These efforts were successful in reducing mortality rates and improving overall health outcomes. Later, public health campaigns focused on preventing chronic diseases through lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and exercising regularly.
Another important factor is improvements in living standards. In the twentieth century, many countries experienced economic growth and rising standards of living. This led to improvements in housing, nutrition, and access to education and healthcare. As people became better educated and more financially secure, they were better able to take care of their health and seek medical care when needed.
Finally, social factors have also played a role in improving public health. For example, social movements and advocacy groups have worked to improve access to healthcare for marginalized communities and to reduce stigma around mental health issues. In conclusion, while medical advancements have certainly contributed to improved public health in the twentieth century, it is important to recognize the complex interplay between medical technology, public health policy, living standards, and social factors.
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While some believe that increases in science and medical technology were the reasons for improved general health in the twentieth century, historians and social scientists suggest that social and economic factors played a significant role as well.
Historians and social scientists argue that the improvements in general health during the twentieth century were not solely due to scientific and medical advancements, but were also influenced by various social and economic factors. These factors include improvements in living standards, better sanitation, access to clean water, and increased education and public health campaigns. In addition, the introduction of social welfare programs and labor laws helped to reduce poverty and improve working conditions, leading to better health outcomes for individuals and communities. Therefore, while science and medical technology played an important role in improving general health, it was not the only factor that contributed to these advancements.
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What did president lincoln sign on january 1, 1863?.
President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863.
The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. It declared that all slaves in the Confederate States of America, which were states that had seceded from the Union, were to be set free.
The Emancipation Proclamation did not actually free any slaves in the Union states or in areas that were under Union control. However, it did have significant symbolic and practical effects. It made it clear that the Union was fighting to end slavery and that slavery was incompatible with the principles of democracy and equality. It also allowed African Americans to serve in the Union Army and Navy, which had previously been restricted to white soldiers.
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hippodamos of miletos, who aristotle singled out as the father of rational city planning, imposed a strict grid of streets regardless of the terrain so that all streets would meet at right angles. his desire to impose order on nature and to assign a proper place in the whole to each of the city's parts was very much akin to ...
Hippodamus of Miletus (fifth century BCE), Greek architect and city planner, created the Hippodamian Plan, an urban layout based on streets meeting at right angles.
The Hippodamian Plan is based on the division of space into public and private areas and a grid of right angles. A gridiron city layout is known today as the Hippodamian layout. The Hippodamian layout is essentially a gridiron-shaped city layout.
Tell el-Amarna in Egypt, which dates to the fifteenth century BCE, is an early example; Enkomi is a bit more recent. The grid plans that are credited to him featured a network of wide, straight roadways that intersected at right angles. The Hippodamus prototype plan is located in Miletus.
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All the following areas increased after the Industrial Revolution except:
size of businesses that produced goods
speed of communications
quantity of goods produced
the value placed on individual workers
The value placed on individual workers decreased after the Industrial Revolution. The Option D.
Did Industrial Revolution increase value of individual workers?The Industrial Revolution led to a decrease in their value because with the rise of machines and factories, workers were often treated as replaceable parts in the production process. They worked long hours in dangerous and unhealthy conditions for very little pay.
The focus was maximizing output and profits rather than on the well-being and rights of workers. It was not until the labor movement of the late 19th that workers began to gain greater rights and protections in the workplace.
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the kkk was founded in 1866 as a secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the democratic party. true or false
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was indeed founded in 1866 as a secret society, but it did not serve as a military arm of the Democratic Party is False.
Correct answer is, False .
The KKK had a complicated relationship with both major political parties during its history, and its members were known to support candidates from various parties depending on their views on issues such as race and religion. While some Democrats may have sympathized with the KKK's white supremacist ideology, the party as a whole did not endorse or control the organization.
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was founded in 1866 as a secret society in the United States. It served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party during the Reconstruction Era, targeting African Americans and their allies, and working to suppress their political power.
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