What do the auscultatory findings of a patient with Left Ventricular Failure reflect?

Viscerosomatic reflex refers to a reflex that connects an organ with the corresponding somatic structure. In the case of T5, it could be a reflex that connects a visceral organ at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra with the somatic structures in the area such as the muscles, skin, or bones.

This reflex may occur due to irritation, injury or dysfunction of the visceral organ which leads to the stimulation of the sensory nerves that innervate the organ. The sensory nerves transmit this information to the spinal cord which then sends efferent signals back to the somatic structures, leading to pain or dysfunction in the area. Understanding the viscerosomatic reflex is important in clinical practice as it can help identify underlying issues in patients with pain or dysfunction in the somatic structures.

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The scaphoid bone is one of the small bones in the wrist that is prone to fracture. An acute scaphoid fracture refers to a recent and sudden break in the bone. While some scaphoid fractures can heal with conservative treatment such as immobilization and rest, others may require surgical fixation. There are four primary indications for surgical fixation of an acute scaphoid fracture.

The first indication is displacement of the fracture. If the fracture has caused the bone fragments to shift out of their natural position, surgery may be necessary to reposition and stabilize the bone.

The second indication is non-union of the fracture. This occurs when the bone fails to heal properly, resulting in continued pain and limited wrist mobility.

The third indication is avascular necrosis. This is a complication that occurs when the blood supply to the scaphoid bone is interrupted, leading to bone tissue death. Surgical fixation may be necessary to restore blood flow and prevent further damage.

The fourth indication is instability of the wrist joint. If the scaphoid fracture has caused instability in the wrist joint, surgical fixation may be necessary to restore stability and prevent further damage to the joint.

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Answer:

more; fewer.

Explanation:

In the United States and worldwide, women above age 30 are having more children than they did twenty years earlier, and emerging adults are having fewer children than they did then.

The two main types of feedback in the body are positive feedback and negative feedback. Negative feedback is more common in the body, as it works to maintain homeostasis by counteracting any changes or deviations from normal levels. Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies a change in the body and is less common.

An example of negative feedback is the regulation of body temperature, where the body uses sweating or shivering to bring the temperature back to normal levels. An example of positive feedback is the release of oxytocin during childbirth, which further stimulates uterine contractions.

The more common type of feedback in the body is negative feedback. Negative feedback helps maintain stability and balance within the body by counteracting any changes in physiological conditions. When a change is detected, negative feedback mechanisms work to restore the system to its normal state. This ensures that the body maintains homeostasis and functions properly.

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There are several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing a stroke, but the most significant one is hypertension, also known as high blood pressure.

High blood pressure damages blood vessels and puts extra strain on the heart, making it more likely for clots to form and obstruct blood flow to the brain. Hypertension can also cause weakening and bulging of blood vessels, known as aneurysms, which can burst and cause hemorrhagic strokes.

Other risk factors for stroke include smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of stroke. Managing hypertension and controlling other risk factors through lifestyle changes, medications, and regular checkups can help reduce the risk of stroke.

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To best auscultate an S3 gallop, follow these steps:

1. Position the patient: Have the patient lie down in a left lateral decubitus position, which helps to bring the heart closer to the chest wall and improves the detection of low-frequency sounds.

2. Choose the right stethoscope: Use a stethoscope with a bell, as it's better suited for detecting low-frequency sounds like S3.

3. Locate the auscultation site: The best area to auscultate an S3 gallop is at the apex of the heart, which is typically located in the fifth intercostal space, just medial to the midclavicular line.

4. Use the bell: Gently place the bell of the stethoscope over the auscultation site, ensuring good skin contact without applying excessive pressure.

5. Listen carefully: Focus on the rhythm and timing of the heart sounds. The S3 gallop is characterized by an extra sound occurring shortly after the second heart sound (S2). It has a cadence similar to the word "Kentucky."

6. Assess the S3 gallop: Determine if the S3 gallop is physiologic (normal) or pathologic (abnormal). A physiologic S3 is more commonly heard in younger individuals and athletes, while a pathologic S3 may indicate heart failure or other cardiac conditions.

Remember to maintain a professional and friendly demeanor while interacting with the patient during the examination.

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Shiny foil blankets, also known as space blankets or emergency blankets, are wrapped around marathon runners at the end of a race for several reasons.

Shiny foil blankets are made from a lightweight material called Mylar, which reflects body heat.

1. Maintaining body temperature: After completing a marathon, a runner's body temperature starts to drop rapidly. The reflective material of the shiny foil blanket helps retain their body heat, preventing hypothermia.

2. Preventing heat loss: The space blanket is designed to reduce heat loss caused by radiation, convection, and evaporation, which are the primary ways the human body loses heat. The reflective surface helps minimize radiation, while the trapped air between the blanket and the runner's body reduces convection and evaporation.

3. Protecting from external factors: Foil blankets also provide some protection against wind and rain, as they create a barrier between the runner and the elements.

In summary, shiny foil blankets are wrapped around marathon runners at the end of a race to maintain their body temperature, prevent heat loss, and protect them from external factors.

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Answer:

Explanation:

A. Increase health care access.

B. Improve health outcomes.

D. Serve as medical homes.

The hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA axis when content loaded with fear and arousal is detected. These two systems work together to produce physiological and behavioral responses to the perceived threat.

The sympathetic nervous system and the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis are activated by the hypothalamus, resulting in arousal and fear responses. The "fight or flight" response is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, and the HPA axis produces stress hormones like cortisol to prime the body for an impending threat. To produce a physiological reaction to a perceived threat or danger, both systems interact.

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Car accidents and other accidental injuries account for over half of all teen deaths in the US. Option a is Correct.

Injuries that are not intentionally caused or that happen without malicious intent are referred to as unintentional injuries. Falls, car accidents, and poisoning are a few examples of these unforeseen occurrences. Unintentional injuries pose a significant risk to the public's health. An accident is an unplanned incident or scenario that often has a negative effect and is frequently the result of negligence or ignorance. Unexpected, unplanned, and, most significantly, POTENTIAL are some essential adjectives in these descriptions.

An occurrence in which a motor vehicle collides with another item qualifies as an automobile accident. These crashes might happen with stationary items like trees or structures. Option a is Correct.

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Correct Question:

Almost half of all teenage deaths in the United States are a result of:

a) car accidents and other unintentional injuries.

b) dead.

c) homicide.

d) sexually transmitted infections.

The amount of AC current that can be fatal due to heart fibrillation varies from person to person and depends on several factors such as age, health, and overall condition of the heart.

According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the current levels that can cause fibrillation range from as low as 10 milliamperes (mA) to 100 mA or more, depending on the frequency, duration, and path of the current through the body.

It's important to note that the severity of the electrical shock is not always an indicator of the potential for heart fibrillation. Even a low-voltage shock can be dangerous if it passes through the heart or if the person has an underlying heart condition. Therefore, it's always important to take electrical safety precautions and seek medical attention if you or someone else has been exposed to electrical current.

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Recurrent Neisseria infections may suggest an underlying immunodeficiency and further evaluation of the individual's immune function may be necessary to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

When encountering someone with recurrent Neisseria infections, the first immunological concern is their ability to mount an effective immune response against the pathogen.

Neisseria is an extracellular pathogen that is primarily controlled by humoral immunity, specifically antibodies directed against the bacterium's outer membrane proteins. Thus, if an individual has impaired antibody production or function, they may be susceptible to recurrent Neisseria infections.

Other factors that can contribute to recurrent Neisseria infections include deficiencies in complement proteins, which are important for opsonization and phagocytosis of bacteria, as well as defects in phagocytic cells themselves, such as neutrophils and macrophages.

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Hemophilia is more common in males than females because the gene that causes hemophilia is located on the X chromosome, and males have only one X chromosome, while females have two.

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly. It is caused by a deficiency or absence of specific clotting factors in the blood, which can result in excessive bleeding and bruising.  Since hemophilia is a recessive trait, males are more likely to develop the disorder if they inherit the defective gene from their mother. Females, on the other hand, are less likely to develop hemophilia because they have two X chromosomes, and the healthy X chromosome can compensate for the defective one. In summary, hemophilia is more common in males than in females because of the way the disorder is inherited and the differences in the number of X chromosomes between males and females.

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Companies encourage athletic participation for health benefits, team building, brand image, and community involvement.

Companies have long encouraged workers to participate in athletics for a variety of reasons. One of the main reasons is that physical activity has been shown to improve overall health and well-being, leading to increased productivity and reduced absenteeism.

Additionally, participation in sports can help build teamwork, leadership skills, and a sense of camaraderie among employees, which can lead to improved workplace relationships and better overall morale.

Companies may also encourage athletic participation as a way to build their brand image and reputation. By sponsoring athletic teams or events, companies can demonstrate their commitment to health and wellness and may attract customers or clients who share those values.

Finally, promoting athletics can also be seen as a way for companies to give back to their communities. By supporting local sports teams or events, companies can contribute to the development of youth sports programs and help create a stronger sense of community.

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Elevated AST and ALT levels may be caused by factors such as medication, alcohol, or obesity. Further investigation is needed to determine the underlying cause and prevent further liver damage.

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are liver enzymes that are released into the bloodstream when there is liver damage. A high level of these enzymes in the blood can indicate liver disease or injury. However, other factors can also cause elevation of AST and ALT levels, such as medications, alcohol consumption, and obesity.

In your case, the elevated AST and ALT levels may be related to your fat and hypertension with thiazide medication. Thiazide diuretics, a common treatment for hypertension, have been reported to cause liver enzyme elevations in some patients. Additionally, obesity can cause fatty liver disease, which can also elevate AST and ALT levels.

It is important to further investigate the cause of the elevated AST and ALT levels, as it may indicate liver damage that requires treatment. Your healthcare provider may recommend additional testing, such as a liver ultrasound or biopsy, to determine the underlying cause of the elevated liver enzymes. It is also important to manage your hypertension and maintain a healthy weight to prevent further liver damage.

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Healthcare professionals should prioritize their patients' best interests and avoid any situation that could compromise their objectivity or professionalism.

In the healthcare profession, there is a general consensus and professional standard that healthcare professionals should not accept gifts from patients. The primary reason for this is to maintain the integrity and ethical principles of the healthcare profession, which include putting the patient's interests first and avoiding any conflict of interest that may arise from accepting gifts.

The American Medical Association's Code of Medical Ethics states that "physicians should generally refrain from accepting gifts from patients, whether in the form of cash, services, or other valuable items, out of respect for the patient's dignity and to avoid the possibility of exploitation or coercion." This principle applies to all healthcare professionals, not just physicians.

However, there are some exceptions to this rule, such as when the gift is of little or no value, is given as a token of appreciation, or when refusing the gift may offend or upset the patient. In such cases, healthcare professionals should use their professional judgment and follow the guidelines set by their organization or regulatory body.

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Chronic alcohol consumption can have detrimental effects on various parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum.

However, one area that is particularly vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage in chronic alcoholics is the frontal cortex. The frontal cortex is responsible for executive functions such as decision-making, planning, and impulse control. It plays a critical role in regulating emotions, behavior, and social interactions.

Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to the deterioration of the frontal cortex, resulting in deficits in these functions. Studies have shown that long-term alcohol abuse can lead to a reduction in the size of the frontal cortex, which can result in cognitive impairment and other neurological deficits. The damage to the frontal cortex can be exacerbated in individuals who have a genetic predisposition to alcoholism or who have co-occurring mental health disorders.

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Cowan's 1999 Embedded Process Model is a theoretical framework that explains the way human working memory operates. This model suggests that working memory is an interconnected system that consists of three components: the central executive, the phonological loop, and the visuospatial sketchpad.

The central executive is responsible for coordinating and controlling information processing, while the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad serve as temporary storage systems for verbal and visual information, respectively. According to Cowan's model, working memory capacity is limited, with only a few items being stored at a time. The central executive manages this limited capacity by actively focusing on the most relevant information, filtering out less important details, and directing attention to new or more important stimuli.

Cowan's Embedded Process Model emphasizes the dynamic nature of working memory, with the three components constantly interacting to process, store, and manipulate information. This model has been influential in guiding research on cognitive processes, particularly in the context of learning and problem-solving. By understanding the limitations and processes of working memory, researchers and educators can develop strategies to improve memory performance and overall cognitive functioning.

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Blood cholesterol levels are significantly increased by trans fats and saturated fats. Heart disease and atherosclerosis (arterial stiffening) are risk factors for elevated blood cholesterol levels.

Animal studies have demonstrated that saturated fats raise LDL cholesterol through suppressing LDL receptor function and promoting the formation of lipoproteins that contain the apolipoprotein (apo)B. Trans fats cause an increase in your bad (LDL) cholesterol and a decrease in your good (HDL) cholesterol. Several factors make saturated fats harmful to your health: risk of heart disease. For energy and other bodily processes, your body requires healthy fats. However, consuming too much saturated fat can result in a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries (blood vessels).

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sllid fats are more likely to raise blod cholesterol levels than liquid fats suppose a nutritionist analyszed the precentage of _____.

Hydrogen peroxide, when used alone on the hair, can bleach and lighten the hair color.

Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidizing agent that is commonly used as a hair bleach or hair color remover. When applied to the hair, it breaks down the natural pigments in the hair shaft, leading to a gradual lightening of the hair color. The strength of the hydrogen peroxide solution used will determine the degree of lightening achieved. Higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide will bleach the hair more quickly and more dramatically, but may also cause more damage to the hair. It is important to note that hydrogen peroxide should be used with caution on the hair, as it can cause damage and dryness if overused or used improperly. It is best to have a professional hair stylist apply hydrogen peroxide-based products to ensure that the hair is properly protected and that the desired results are achieved.

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Narrowing of the terminal ileum can be caused by Crohn's disease, infections, tumors, strictures, and adhesions. Treatment may include medications or surgery to remove the affected intestine.

The terminal ileum, the final segment of the small intestine, can narrow for a variety of reasons. Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel illness that can affect any region of the digestive system, is one prevalent cause of this condition. Inflammation in the terminal ileum's lining in Crohn's disease can result in intestinal scarring and constriction, which can restrict the passageway.

Tumours, strictures, adhesions, and infections including TB and CMV are among more potential reasons of terminal ileum constriction. These diseases can result in physical blockage, scarring, or inflammation that causes the intestinal channel to constrict. Surgery to remove the narrowed area of the terminal ileum or anti-inflammatory drugs are two possible treatments for narrowing of the terminal ileum.

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Option A, whole grain cereal with 4 ounces of milk, is the best option for a healthy breakfast that would provide sustained energy throughout the day.

This is because whole grain cereal is a good source of complex carbohydrates, which provide sustained energy throughout the day. Complex carbohydrates are broken down more slowly than simple carbohydrates, which can cause a rapid spike and subsequent crash in blood sugar levels. This means that a breakfast rich in complex carbohydrates will provide energy throughout the day without causing a crash in energy levels.

Additionally, milk is a good source of protein and calcium, which can also help to provide energy and promote feelings of fullness. Protein is important for building and repairing tissues in the body, while calcium is essential for healthy bones and teeth.

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In a water's projection, the petrous ridge should be located below the maxillary sinuses to ensure proper visualization of the facial bones and paranasal sinuses.

There is no imaging technique known as "water's projection." It is possible that you may be referring to the Water's view, which is a radiographic imaging technique used to visualize the sinuses and the anterior skull base. During a Water's view, the patient is positioned with their head tilted back and the chin elevated, with the X-ray beam angled upwards towards the face. This helps to project the frontal sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, and the orbital rims onto the X-ray image. The Water's view is often used in the diagnosis and evaluation of sinusitis, fractures of the orbital rims or nasal bones, and other abnormalities of the sinuses and skull base. It is important to note that radiographic imaging techniques should only be performed by qualified healthcare professionals with proper training and equipment to ensure accurate and safe diagnosis and treatment.

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In a normal patient, the relationship between left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) pressure during diastole can be explained through the different phases of the cardiac cycle.

During diastole, the heart is in a relaxed state, allowing for the filling of the chambers with blood. Initially, both the LA and LV pressures are low as the mitral valve between them is closed. As blood returns to the LA from the pulmonary veins, the LA pressure increases, eventually causing the mitral valve to open.

When the mitral valve opens, blood flows passively from the LA to the LV, equalizing their pressures. This phase is known as early diastolic filling. Following this, atrial contraction, or atrial systole, occurs, which pushes more blood into the LV, further increasing LV pressure.

Throughout diastole, the pressures in the LA and LV are closely related, as they work in tandem to ensure efficient blood flow and maintain adequate filling of the LV. In a normal patient, the LA pressure would be slightly higher than the LV pressure during early diastole, and the pressures would become similar as diastole progresses.

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Spore formation is a survival strategy used by some bacteria to survive adverse environmental conditions such as nutrient deprivation, desiccation, and extreme temperatures. During the stationary phase, when nutrients become limited, some bacterial species such as Bacillus and Clostridium can enter a developmental process called sporulation, where they form a dormant and highly resistant spore.

Spore formation allows bacteria to withstand harsh environmental conditions that would otherwise be fatal to vegetative cells. Spores have a thick, impermeable outer layer made of keratin-like proteins that provide protection against chemicals, radiation, and other harmful agents. Additionally, spores have a low water content, which helps prevent damage from dehydration or freezing. Spore formation also enables bacteria to persist in the environment for extended periods until more favorable conditions return. Spores are metabolically inactive, which means they do not require nutrients or energy to survive. When conditions improve, spores can germinate into vegetative cells, which can then resume growth and reproduction. Overall, spore formation is a beneficial adaptation that allows bacteria to survive in challenging environments and persist until conditions become more favorable for growth and reproduction.

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The single-headed Philippine drum that looks like a goblet and is used by the Maranaos is called a kulintang a kayo.

The Maranao people, an indigenous group from the southern Philippines, use the kulintang a kayo as part of their traditional music and dance performances. It is often played alongside other instruments, such as the kulintang ensemble, aging, and gandingan.

The rhythms and beats produced by the kulintang a kayo is believed to represent the heartbeat of the community and are used to communicate different messages and emotions. The drum's unique shape and sound have also made it a popular instrument for modern Filipino music genres, such as Pinoy Rock and folk music.

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The complete question is:

Fill in the blanks:

The single-headed Philippine drum that looks like a goblet and is used by the Maranaos is called a ________________

The best place to harvest the great saphenous vein surgically is from the medial side of the ankle, or the medial malleolus.

It is commonly used as a source of venous grafts in various surgical procedures, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and lower extremity revascularization. The best place to harvest the great saphenous vein surgically is usually the thigh, specifically the medial aspect of the thigh. This is because the vein is most accessible in this area and has a straight course, making it easier to dissect and harvest.

In addition, the thigh area typically has fewer nerves and blood vessels compared to other areas of the leg, reducing the risk of injury and bleeding during the surgical procedure. However, the decision on where to harvest the vein ultimately depends on the individual patient's anatomy and the specific surgical procedure being performed and should be made in consultation with the surgical team.

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If a drug interferes with the active transport of calcium ions from the sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it would result in hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a condition in which there is an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. This condition can have several adverse effects on the body, including muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and confusion.

Calcium ions play a crucial role in muscle contraction. When a muscle is stimulated, calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm, where they bind to the troponin complex on the thin filaments of the muscle. This binding causes a conformational change in the troponin complex, which allows the myosin heads to interact with the actin filaments, resulting in muscle contraction.
However, after contraction, the calcium ions need to be transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum to prepare the muscle for the next contraction. This process is called active transport and requires energy in the form of ATP. If a drug interferes with this process, calcium ions will remain in the sarcoplasm, leading to prolonged muscle contraction and eventually muscle fatigue.
In summary, a drug that interferes with the active transport of calcium ions from the sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum would result in hypercalcemia and may have adverse effects on muscle function.

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The flexor digitorum longus tendon crosses over the flexor hallucis longus tendon at the level of the sustentaculum tali, a bony shelf on the calcaneus bone of the foot.

The flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon originates from the tibia and fibula bones and courses down the leg and through the tarsal tunnel before passing under the sustentaculum tali. At this point, the FDL tendon splits into four branches that pass under the flexor retinaculum and insert into the distal phalanges of the lateral four toes. The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon also courses down the leg and passes through the tarsal tunnel before crossing underneath the FDL tendon at the level of the sustentaculum tali. The two tendons then continue distally to their respective insertions.

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The statistician's findings indicate that P(S(k)) indicates the cost of basic health insurance as a function of the likelihood that a person would become ill. Option 1 is Correct.

As was previously said, the theory of probability is a statistical technique for estimating the possibility of a future result. When creating a policy or determining a premium rate, insurance companies use this method to analyse statistics to calculate and manage risk.

The coverage covers $5000 for large accidents and $1000 for minor accidents. There is no refund of the $150 premium. According to the firm, the likelihood of a big accident is 0.005 and that of a minor accident is 0.08. Option 1 is Correct.

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Correct Question:

According to the statistician's findings, which of the following represents the price of basic health insurance as a function of the probability that a person is sick?

Choose 1 answer:

1. P(S(k))

2. S(P(r)) B

3. C(S(k))

4. C(P(r))