pH of a solution measures the acidity of a solution. pH of water can be determined with the help of pH meter or litmus paper. Pure water has a pH of 7.
In chemistry, the pH scale is used to define the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Historically, pH stood for "potential of hydrogen." The pH values of acidic solutions are typically lower than those of basic or alkaline solutions.
Equipment called a pH meter detects the activity of hydrogen ions in solutions or the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
A combination of several colors taken from lichens and made water-soluble is known as litmus. One of the earliest kinds of pH indicators, used to assess the acidity of materials, is frequently produced by its absorption onto filter paper.
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When sodium bromide, NaBr, dissolves in water, which of the following is formed in aqueous solution?
A) Na+ ---- H - O
|
H
B) Na+ ---- O - H
|
H
C) Br- ----- O - H
|
H
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Br- ——- In an aqueous solution, O-H is generated as follows: Water and sodium bromide, NaBr, when dissolved,
The correct answer is C
How do valence electrons work?The electrons in an atom's outermost energy level or shell are known as valence electrons. With six valence electrons, oxygen has two in the 2s subshell и four in the 2p subshell. The oxygen valence electron configuration can be written as 2s22p.
Are valence electrons typically 8 in number?The octet rule states that in order for most biologically significant elements to remain stable, they must have eight electrons in the outermost shell. Despite having the 3n shell, which has a maximum capacity of 18 electrons, as their valence shell, some atoms can nonetheless be viable with an octet.
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How many moles are in MgO?; How many moles are in 10g of MgO?; What is the grams of MgO?; How many moles are in 20 grams of MgO?
the correct answer is 20g of MgO contains 0.5 moles
Amount of MgO, w = 20g
Molar mass of MgO, M = (24+16)g mol-¹ = 40g mol-1
To find:
No. of moles of MgO in 20g, n = ?
We know that,
No. of moles = given mass(w) molar mass(M)
:: no. of moles in 20g of MgO, n = 20g 40gmol-1 → n = 0.5 mol
The molar mass of a complex mixture is determined by dividing its weight by the amount of that chemical, represented as the number of moles in the test, expressed in moles. The molar mass of a material is a bulk characteristic instead of a molecular one.
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Predict the carbenoid addition products of the following reactions: trans-hex-3-ene + CH2I2, Zn(Cu) cis-hept-2-ene + CH2I2, Zn(Cu)
The reactions that result in the carbenoid addition products. Trans-hex-3-ene with CH2I2, Zn (a) (Cu). 3-Nitro-pent-2-ene. ALKENE HYBRIDIZATION When three atoms are joined to a carbon (that is, one of the bonds is a double bond).
What is the carbenoid addition products?
A gateway functional group is the double bond in an alkene. The basis for the remainder of your study of organic chemistry is laid by alkene reactions, which generate numerous additional functional groups. The most frequent reactions of double bonds change the pi bond into a sigma bond because single bonds (sigma bonds) are more stable than pi bonds. As an illustration, catalytic hydrogenation splits the H-H sigma bond into two C-H sigma bonds (Section 7-8). Exothermic (H° = approximately -80 to -120 kJ>mol or approximately -20 to -30 kcal>mol).
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What is water vapor has been released into the atmosphere it rises and cools turning back into liquid What is the process called?; What is it called when water goes back into the atmosphere?; What happens when water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools?
The process of cools turning back into liquid is called condensation. the process of water goes back into the atmosphere is called evaporation. when water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools is forms cloud.
What is water vapor has been released into the atmosphere it rises and cools turning back into liquid What is the process called as condensation. The condensation when the water vapor converts into the liquid sate. when water goes back into the atmosphere is called as evaporation . the evaporation is the process when the liquid turns to the water vapor.
when water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools it will forms the cloud.
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in general, beads are the ideal mix ratio for working with monomer liquids and polymer powders.
For working with monomer liquids and polymer powders, medium beads are the ideal mix ratio.
A monomer is a molecule of any one of a group of primarily organic chemicals that can combine with other molecules to generate much larger molecules, or polymers. A monomer's ability to form chemical bonds with at least two other monomer molecules, known as polyfunctionality, is its primary characteristic. Bifunctional monomers can only create linear, chain-like polymers, whereas higher functional monomers can create cross-linked, network polymeric products.
functional group: polymers and monomers
functional group: polymers and monomers
Monomers that have either a double bond between two atoms or a ring of three to seven atoms are known to undergo addition reactions; examples include styrene, caprolactam (which produces nylon-6), butadiene, and acrylonitrile (which copolymerize to form nitrile rubber, or Buna N).
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calculate the theoretical oxygen demand (in mg/l) of a solution containing 450 mg of glucose (c6h12o6) in 2 liters of distilled water. (hint: write and balance the oxidation reaction of glucose) (4 pts)
The theoretical oxygen demand THOD=239.792 mg/L is given for the solution of 450 mg of glucose.
Theoretical Oxigen demand (THOD):
is the theoretical quantity of oxygen
required to oxidize the natural fraction of a
waste as much as carbon dioxide and water.
→ Csln = 450 mg C6H12O6 / 2 L H2O =225 mg/L sln.. mm C6H12O6 = 180.156 g/molbalanced reaction:C6H12O6+ 602 6CO2 + 6H2O mol C6H12O6 = 1 mol→ mass C6H12O6 (180.156 g/mol)(1 mol) = =180.156 gThe fee of ThOD is decided when180.156 g C6H12O6 devour mass O2 =.mm C6H1206 = 180.156 g/molbalanced reaction:C6H12O6+6O2 6CO2+6H2O mol C6H12O6 = 1molRightarrow massC6H12O6 = (180.156g / m * ol)(1mol) = 180.156 ghe fee of ThOD is decided when180.156 g C6H12O6 devour mass 02 =6(32) = 192 g Oxygen; then in an answer of225mg / L you have: → ThOD = (192/180.156)x 225mg / LThOD = 239.792mg / L.Read more about oxygen:
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describe one chemical property of group 1 metals that results from the atoms of each metal having only one valence electron.
Alkali metals have a high electropositive polarity.This is so that each alkali metal's atom can readily create a positive ion by releasing its lone valence electron.
What are group 1's chemical characteristics? Electronegativity is a chemical characteristic of Group 1 metals that derives from each metal's atom having only one valence electron.Alkali metals are another name for Group I elements.Sodium, lithium, potassium, cesium, francium, and rubidium are some of them.In seawater, you can find them.Electronegativity is a chemical characteristic of Group 1 metals that derives from each metal's atom having only one valence electron.This refers to the atoms' propensity to attract electrons. Elements from Group 1 have similar properties.All of them are supple silver metals.These metals are highly reactive and have low melting temperatures due to their low ionization energy.As you descend the table, this family becomes more reactive.To learn more about chemical property refer to:
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Consider the product of the following mechanism. How many distinct signals (peaks) would appear in the (proton- decoupled) 13C NMR spectrum for the product? H-Br product 2. 3 3 4 5
In the (proton-decoupled) 13C NMR spectrum for the product, 5, distinct signals (peaks) would show up.
A spectrum is a state that can fluctuate without gaps across a continuum and is not constrained to a particular range of values (plural: spectrums). The term was first used in optics to refer to the rainbow of hues visible light takes on after passing through a prism. As our knowledge of light increased, it became to encompass the full electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, it evolved into a mapping of a range of magnitudes (wavelengths) to a range of attributes, including the perceived "colors of the rainbow" and other properties that correspond to wavelengths outside of the visible light spectrum.
Since then, analogies with spectrum have been used to discuss subjects unrelated to optics. Thus, one could discuss the "spectrum of political opinion".
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Fill in the Blanks Type your answers in all of the blanks and submit While we haven't really discussed this yet, there is actually a mathematical relationship that links wavelength and energy. This is a very famous equation and takes the form E = hc/ 6.63 x 10-34 and c= the speed of light = 3 x 108 m/s. where h = planks constant = Use this equation to determine the Energy of the following photons: Type your answer here 1. A photon with a wavelength of 500 nm. E = Type your answer here J 1. A photon with a wavelength of 840 nm.
A photon with a wavelength of 500 nm. E = 3.98 X 10-13 J ~ 4X 10 J,A photon with a wavelength of 840 nm lambda is 986.241
Given: Energy (E) =hc/lambda, where, h = planck's Const. = 6.63 X 10 34 J sec, C= Speed of light= 3x 108 ms, Wavelength (in m)= lambda
(i) d = 500mm = 500x109m E= 6.63 X 10-34 JS x 3x 108 ms-1 5 x 107 = 5x107 mT, E = 3.98 X 10-13 J ~ 4X 10 J. 2) lambda= 840mm = 840X109 m = 8.40x 107m 840X109 m = 8.40x 107m, E= 6·63× 10-34 JSX 3X 108 ms/8.40 X 10-7m=2.37X/0, (iii) Given: E=5-15 X 10-19 E = bcJ = 5-15x10 195 = 6·63x10-34×3×108 lambda = 3.862 × 10 = 986.241. The wavelength refers to the distance among 2 sequential waves' intersection point. The term "corresponding points" describes two pts or particulate that are within the same phase, that is, pts that have finished exactly equal fragments of one‘s periodic motion. The distance among both identical points (adjoining crests) in adjoining cycles of the a sound wave transmitter perpetuated in space or through a wire is described as the wavelength. This distance is usually specified in wireless communication systems in metres (m), centimetres (cm), or millimetres (mm) (mm). Radio signals, light waves, and infra - red (heat) waves everybody has distinctive differences that they follow as they traverse space. Each wave has its own distinctive structure and length. The particular wavelength between peaks (high points).
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Which is the order from fastest to slowest for the rates of the SN2 reactions of these alkyl bromides with CH3S-/DMSO?
a. 1>2>3
b. 3>1>2
c. 2>3>1
d. 1>3>2
The order from fastest to slowest for the rates of the SN2 reactions of these alkyl bromides with CH3S-/DMSO is 2>3>1. Option C.
Primary alkyl halides undergo SN2 reactions faster than secondary and tertiary ones. Compound IV reacts faster in the SN1 reaction than in the SN2 reaction. This is due to the steric hindrance and difficult access of the nucleophile from the side opposite the leaving group.
The rate-limiting step in the reaction is the attack of the nucleophile on the substrate. Therefore, SN2 is easier to run against stronger nucleophiles. Since there are two molecules in the transition state, the reaction is a bimolecular reaction, indicated by the number 2 in the SN2 symbol. The kinetics of the SN2 reaction is first order within the substrate and first order within the nucleophile.
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Which of the following features of a 1H NMR spectrum give useful information about the structure of a compound? Choose all answers that apply.
----------------------------------------
The spin-spin splitting of signals
The number of the signals
The area under the signals
The signal distance above the baseline
The chemical shift of the signals
The number of the signals
The chemical shift of the signals.
The spin-spin splitting of signals.
Count how many signal sets you have.
• This will tell you how many types of hydrogen-bearing carbons you have. Hydrogens attached to symmetry-equivalent carbons will give equivalent signals) . If you have asymmetric looking signals, there is a good chance that two or more different
signal sets may be overlapping
Check the integration of each signal set.
• 3HCH3 group 2HCH2 group 1HCH or OH group.The above are true if there isn’t any accidental overlapping. Clean CH3 or CH2 signal sets will normally have reasonable shape symmetry.Effective recognition and integration of signal sets can help you know how many CH3’s and
CH2’s you have in your molecule
Check diagnostic “chemical shift” windows of the lines
• Use yes-or-no checklist regarding the presence of key functional groups.Things can get more complicated if two or more functional groups are both affecting a common
signal set.Chemical shift information can quickly tell you whether hydrogens are attached to arenas or
alkenes, and tell whether a CH2 or CH3 or CH signal set is attached to a single bond oxygens or
a carbonyl or an aromatic.
The splitting (number of lines) in each signal set
• The splitting provides information about what is connected to a given carbon
a. N lines N-1 “neighbor” H’s (when working from spectrum to structure)
b. N neighbors N+1 lines (when predicting spectrum from structure)
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Which formula represents a molecular compound? A) Ar B) NaI C) N2O4 D) All of the above
The remaining product, N2O4 N 2 O 4, is a superb illustration of the a molecular compound because it is made entirely of non-metal components.
A molecular substance can be identified by its formula, but how?Typically, two or more non metallic components make up a molecular complex.Molecular compounds are termed using the stem of the first element's name plus the suffix -ide, followed by the second element.
An molecular compound example is what?Chemical substances known as molecules or discrete molecules are known as molecular compounds.Examples include common compounds like water (H2O) & carbon dioxide (CO2)
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place the following substances in order of increasing boiling point. ch3ch2ch3 ch3och3 ch3ch2oh ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3och 3 < ch 3ch 2oh ch 3ch 2oh < ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3och 3 ch 3ch 2oh < ch 3och 3 < ch3ch2ch3 ch 3och 3 < ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3ch 2oh ch3ch2ch3 < ch 3ch 2oh < ch 3och 3
The substances in the increasing order of boiling point are
CH3CH2CH3<CH3OCH3<CH3CHO<CH3CH2OH
What is the boiling point of a compound?
The boiling point of organic compounds can reveal vital details about their structural makeup and physical features. The boiling point of a substance aids in identifying and describing it. When the air pressure and the vapour pressure of a liquid are equal, the liquid boils. The kinetic energy of a molecule affects vapour pressure.
Despite having similar molecular weights across the board, CH3CH2OH exhibits the most intermolecular h-bonding, giving it the greatest boiling point.
Lowest boiling point for CH3CH2CH3 due to weak van der Waals forces. Furthermore, CH3CHO has a higher boiling point than CH3OCH3 because it exhibits more interactions between dipoles.
Therefore the order of increasing boiling point goes CH3CH2CH3<CH3OCH3<CH3CHO<CH3CH2OH
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Which answer choice number matches the rate law expression for the reaction? (I'm struggling with differential rate law equations. Question and more information is on picture)
The correct rate law of the reaction is depicted by the expression that has been shown in option 4.
What is the rate law?We know that the rate law has to do with the expression that shows how the reaction is carrying on. In this case, we can see that the reaction is occurring between ammonia and boron fluoride.
The rate law would show us the individual order of reaction in each of the reactants that are in the reaction. As such, we can see that the correct rate law shows the changes in the concentration of the species has shown in the table.
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polymer powders are usually blended with to create a wide range of shades from white to jet black.
Polymer powders are usually blended with pigments and colorants to create a wide range of shades from white to jet black.
A polymer is a substance together with very large molecules referred to as macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Due to their vast spectrum of homes, both synthetic and natural polymers play vital and ubiquitous roles in regular lifestyles.
Products made from polymers are all around us: garb made from synthetic fibers, polyethylene cups, fiberglass, nylon bearings, plastic bags, polymer-primarily based paints, epoxy glue, polyurethane foam cushion, silicone heart valves, and Teflon-covered cookware.
A number of the beneficial houses of diverse engineering polymers are excessive electricity or modulus-to-weight ratios, toughness, resilience, resistance to corrosion, lack of conductivity, color, transparency, processing, and coffee price.
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Why can't we just go directly from grams of reactant to grams of product?; Why mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?; What is the principle that states that matter is not created or destroyed?; When two substances create a solution what happens to its mass?
The net change in mass between the reactants and products before and after a chemical reaction is zero, according to the rule of conservation of mass. This implies that mass cannot be produced or destroyed.
What are the names of the four chemicals?Intermetallic compounds are held together by metallic bonds, ions are held together by ionic bonds, molecules are held together by covalent bonds, and coordination complexes are held together by coordinate covalent bonds.
What exactly is a chemical?Every molecule that receives just an analytical grade is considered to be a chemical. Therefore, to put it another way, a chemical always contains the same "substance." There are several chemicals found in natural things like water.
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classify the substances as atomic elements, molecular elements, molecular compounds, or ionic compounds.
Noble gases, which make up the majority of atomic atoms, are the most stable chemical elements. Since they are independent, they can exist. To create compounds, they can also go through chemical reactions. On the other hand, molecular elements are chemical substances that have at least two atoms of the same chemical element in them.
Generally speaking, ionic bonding can be seen in compounds where a metal is bound to a non-metal or a semi-metal. Molecular compounds are those that are made up entirely of non-metallic elements or semi-metals and non-metallic elements.
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in both the structures shown, replacement of ha and hb, in turn, with an atom z will produce two different compounds that are diastereomers of each other. ha and hb are therefore diastereo -topic and will give nmr signals.
In both the structures shown, replacement of ha and hb, in turn, with an atom z will produce two different compounds that are diastereomers of each other. ha and hb are therefore diastereomer -topic and will give different or distinct nmr signals.
Stereoisomers that are not enantiomers or related as object and mirror images are known as stereoisomers. Diastereomers are not mirror images of one another and cannot be superimposed, in contrast to enantiomers which are. Diastereomers can differ in their reactivity and physical characteristics. They differ in their melting points, boiling points, and densities. There are at least two stereocenters there.
It is simple to mix up diasteromers with enantiomers. Three-bromo-2-butanol, for instance, has four steroisomers. SS, RR, SR, and RS are the four potential combinations (Figure 1). One of the molecules is both the diasteromer and the enantiomer of each of the other two molecules (SS is enantiomer of RR and diasteromer of RS and SR). SS's mirror.
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A 20.00 mL sample of aqueous oxalic acid, H2C2O4 was titrated with a 0.09113 M solution of
potassium permanganate, KMnO4:
2????????????4- ( (????????) + 5 H2????2????4 (????????)+ 6 H+ (????????) → 10 ????????2(????) + 2 ????????2+ (????????) + 8 H2???? (ℓ)
A volume of 23.24 mL was required to reach the end point. What is the oxalic acid molarity?
The molarity of the oxalic acid solution titrated with the potassium permanganate solution is 0.053 M
To determine the molarity of the solution, stoichiometric relationships and rules of three are used.
Balanced equation of the reaction2 KMnO4 + H2C2O4 → 2 CO2 + K2O + 2 MnO3 + H2O
Determination of moles of KMnO4 usedIf there are 0.09113 mol of KMnO4 in 1 liter of solution then in 0.2324 liters there are:
X moles of KMnO4 = 0.02324 x 0.09113 x 1
X moles of KMnO4 = 0.0021 mole
Stoichiometric calculation of moles of oxalic acidIf 2 mol KMnO4 combines with 1 mol H2C2O4 then 0.0021 mol KMnO4 combines with:
X mol H2C2O4 = 0.0021 mol KMnO4 x 1 mol / 2 mol KMnO4
X mol H2C2O4 = 0.0021 x 1 / 2 = 0.001 mol
Calculation of the molarity of the oxalic acid solutionIf there are 0.001 mol H2C2O4 in 0.02 liters of solution then in 1 liter there are:
X mol H2C2O4 = 1 x 0.001 / 0.02 = 0.053
Therefore, the molarity of H2C2O4 is 0.053M
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FILL IN THE BLANK the bonds that link the base pairs in the dna double helix are ______ . the bonds that link the base pairs in the dna double helix are _______. ionic bonds ester bonds hydrogen bonds peptide bonds hydrophobic interactions
the bonds that link the base pairs in the dna double helix are peptide bonds hydrophobic interactions ionic bonds ester bonds hydrogen bonds
A hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction force between such a hydrogen ion that's also tightly bonded to a more electron - deficient "donor" atom or group and then another electronegative atom with a single pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond electron donor. Hydrogen bonding isn't a sharing of electrons to a hydrogen atom, instead it is a type of dipole-dipole attraction between particles. The force of attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative including an N, O, or F atom and a very electronegative atom causes it. Because hydrogen has been attached to the a comparatively electronegative, and this electronegative atom is a hydrocarbons donation, the hydrogen bond is the strongest type of link between molecules. As a result, the resulting charge is more powerful.
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Decide whether or not each of the following metals dissolves in 1 M HCl. For the metals that do dissolve, write a balanced redox reaction showing what happens when the metal dissolves. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
A. Zn
B. Co
C. Na
All the mentioned metals, that is zinc, cobalt and nickel react with hydrochloric acid.
The chemical reaction is as follows -
Zn + 2HCl -> [tex] ZnCl_{2}[/tex] + [tex] H_{2}[/tex]
Co + 2HCl -> [tex] CoCl_{2}[/tex] + [tex] H_{2}[/tex]
2Na + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + [tex] H_{2}[/tex]
In these balanced redox chemical reaction, reactants are Zinc, Cobalt, Sodium and Hydrochloric acid. The products are [tex] ZnCl_{2}[/tex] represents zinc chloride, [tex] CoCl_{2}[/tex] represents cobalt chloride, NaCl represents sodium chloride and [tex] H_{2}[/tex] hydrogen.
The metals in the above reactions are in solid phase and react to release the hydrogen gas. The salts are also in solid form. However, the reaction between cobalt and hydrochloric acid leads no visible reaction.
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Which best describes hydrogen bonding?
Dipole-dipole interactions between molecules that do not include a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom are known as hydrogen bonds. The attraction between two incredibly electronegative atoms, such N, O, or F, and a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to one of them causes it to occur.
Any electronegative atom, such as oxygen, chlorine, or fluorine, may make up the other atom, whereas one of the atoms is hydrogen. Between molecules or between two different molecules, hydrogen bonds can develop between the atoms.
How to determine hydrogen bonding?
Determine whether hydrogen bonds are likely by looking at the molecule's Lewis structure. The electronegative atom needs one or more unshared electron pairs and a negative partial charge, much like oxygen and nitrogen do.
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the aluminum sample is dissolved in hcl and h2 gas is produced and collected over water. the volume of h2 gas produced is 73.8 ml. what is the volume of gas, in liters? ***do not enter units with your answer. do not use scientific notation. correct significant figures are required\.\***
The volume of gas is 62.2 L
The balance chemical equation is
2Al + 6 H+ → 2Al3+ + 3H2
n al/nH2 = 2/3
nH2 = 3/2 nAl
nAl = given mass / molar mass = 42/27 = 1.56 mol
nH2 = 3 × 1.56/2 = 2.34 mol
so, accordingly to ideal generation PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
T = 30 degree celsius = 303K
V = 62.2 L
The amount of occupied three-dimensional space is measured in volume. It is typically expressed quantitatively using SI-derived units (such the cubic meter and liter) as well as other imperial or US-standard units (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). By the definition of length, volume and length are connected (cubed). The volume of a container is commonly understood to be its carrying capacity, or the amount of fluid (liquid or gas) that it could hold, as opposed to how much actual space the container occupies.
In the past, standardized containers were used to calculate volume first, followed by naturally occurring vessels of a similar shape. A number of simple three-dimensional shapes have volumes that can be calculated using mathematical methods.
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Selective Uptake and Gas Transport in Chemically Modified PIMs
Selective uptake is the procedure with the aid of using which membranes in cells decide what molecules can cross in and what molecules can exit of a cell.
The studies aimed to expand chemically changed PIM-1s to be used in adsorption and fueloline separation processes. In particular, the nitrile institution in PIM-1 became transformed to numerous one of a kind purposeful organizations to control the interplay capacity of PIM-1 with one of a kind species. Synthesis of PIM-1 became done with the aid of using one of a kind methods, the usage of each the low (72h, 65 °C) and the excessive temperature (forty min, 160 °C) methods.
The response led to a aggregate of hydrolysis products. The composition of the polymer has a profound impact at the very last overall performance of the polymer. Powder samples of hydrolysed PIMs had been used withinside the studies. The discount of nitrile to number one amine became done the usage of borane dimethyl sulphide complex, ensuing in amine PIM-1.
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What term describes fog?; What is the solute of fog?
The term aerosol can be used to describe fog, in which the solute is water (H₂O).
An aerosol is a homogeneous colloidal solution in which the dispersion medium or solvent is a gas and the dispersed medium or solute is a liquid. In this case, the dispersion medium is air and the dispersed medium is water.
A fog usually occurs when the relative humidity approaches 100%. In case of fog, this water is often found in the form of droplets which sometimea precipitates as water droplets, often known as dew. In colder regions, the water is sometimes present as tiny ice crystals.
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which of the following are potential safety concerns for this lab? two of the answer choices below are correct...select the two correct answers. (grading note: for this type of question, canvas will award points for correct selections and deduct points for incorrect selections. make sure you are focusing on the safety concerns for this specific experiment.) group of answer choices broken glassware caustic bases (such as naoh) organic solvents (such as acetone or toluene) open flames
Since the flame test in this experiment requires the use of heat. Consequently, two potential risks include glassware shattering during the flame test and open flames. The correct answers are a and e.
What is a flame test?A qualitative test called the flame test is employed in chemistry to help identify or rule out the identity of a metal or metalloid ion present in an ionic compound. A distinctive color that can be seen with the eye may be released if the compound is placed in the flame of a gas burner.
Why do we do flame tests?The flame test is used to visually identify a metal or metalloid ion that is unknown.
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Electrons added to atomic orbitals of the same energy will remain unpaired with parallel spins until the subshell is more than half-filled" is a statement of Select one: O a. Conservation of Energy O b. The Aufbau Principle O c. Hund's Rule O d. The Periodic Law
The correct option is (c) Hund's Rule.
Hund's rule: every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.When assigning electrons to orbitals, an electron first seeks to fill all the orbitals with similar energy before pairing with another electron in a half-filled orbital. Atoms at ground states tend to have as many unpaired electrons as possible. In visualizing this process, consider how electrons exhibit the same behavior as the same poles on a magnet would if they came into contact; as the negatively charged electrons fill orbitals, they first try to get as far as possible from each other before having to pair up.Electrons are negatively charged and, as a result, they repel each other. Electrons tend to minimize repulsion by occupying their own orbitals, rather than sharing an orbital with another electron. Furthermore, quantum-mechanical calculations have shown that the electrons in singly occupied orbitals are less effectively screened or shielded from the nucleus.
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From your test data, list general properties that can be associated with each type of bonding in a solid.
Answer:
it is a soild only
What does pH Measure? | What is the pH of water?
The pH of a solution gauges how acidic it is. The pH of pure water is 7.
The pH scale is used in chemistry to determine whether an aqueous solution is basic or acidic. The term pH originally meant "potential of hydrogen." Acidic solutions often have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions.
Water is neither acidic nor basic, having a pH of 7, which indicates that it is neutral. The scale goes from 0 (extremely acidic) to 14 (very alkaline) (very basic). Water often falls between the range of 6.5 and 8.5 on the scale.
Pure water has a pH of seven. In pure water, the concentration of the hydrogen ion and the hydroxide ion is equal, making it neutral.
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be able to use results of chemical reactions to idetnify unknown anionas, cations, or ionic compounds
Sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of 2M and ammonium hydroxides are used to identify cations (ammonia solution). Silver nitrate or lead nitrate solutions are used to test for anions such as halides.
What is an example of a cation?An ion with one or more lost electrons and a huge gain charge is referred to as a cation. The cation of an element is smaller than that of the neutral atom due to the removal of one or more electrons to produce a cation. The following are some examples of cations: Calcium: Ca
A cation and an anion are what?Ions with a positive charge are called cations. Ions with a negative charge are called anions. Ionic molecules or atoms are charged. A balanced atom will become a positive charges cationic if it loses one or even more electrons. An anion, which is negatively charged, forms when a balanced element gains one or more electrons.
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The correct question is :
How can you identify cations and anions in an unknown solution?
