How did mendel’s monohybrid cross with round and wrinkled seeds and other single traits tested, directly contradict the blending hypothesis?.
Mendel’s monohybrid cross with round and wrinkled seeds and other single traits tested, directly contradict the blending hypothesis. The result of the cross between round and wrinkled pure breed cell lines was all round seeds in the F1 offspring, not partially round and wrinkled as blending theory would predict.
Mendel discovered that the round-seeded and wrinkled-seeded traits were two facets of the same character, suggesting to modern plant scientists that a single gene determines whether seeds are round or wrinkled.
In a monohybrid cross, neither allele is blended; both alleles are expressed in the F2 generation. The fact that each gamete only contains one allele serves as the foundation for the law of segregation.
Mendel discovered through monohybrid crossings that while distinct alleles having the potential to affect a single characteristic, they remained indivisible and could be inherited individually. Additionally, the allele could exist but be undetectable in one generation before resurfacing in the following generation.
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Capillaries, alveoli in the lungs, and glomeruli in the renal system are lined by simple squamous epithelial cells. Meanwhile, the skin, inside lining of the mouth, and the lining of the esophagus are made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells. How do the required functions of these tissues relate to the type of epithelial cells found there?.
A biological washing detergent contain enzymes which remove stain like mcucs and oil from clothes which are soaked in water with the detergent .explain why stain would be removed faster with detergent in water at 35 dergrees celcius rather than 50 degress celcius
A biological washing detergent contains enzymes which remove stain like mucus and oil from clothes which are soaked in water with the detergent. Stains would be removed faster with detergent in water at 35 degrees Celcius rather than 50 degrees Celcius because the enzyme works best at optimal temperatures.
In the field of science, we describe enzymes as biological catalysts that speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Enzymes are present in the detergents which are responsible for stain removal.
Each enzyme has specific optimal conditions at which it works best. The optimal temperature for the enzymes present in the detergent above would be 35 degrees Celsius and hence it works best at this temperature. The stains would be removed faster and more thoroughly at this temperature by these enzymes.
As 50 degrees Celsius is not optimal for this enzyme in the detergent, hence its activity will be slower at this temperature.
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What types of bonds does methane (CH4) like to form and why?
Answer:
Methane which is CH4 likes to form a bond called covalent bond
Explanation:
the reason is because In methane the four electrons of carbon bind with the four electrons of four hydrogen atoms to form four covalent bondsWhat happens when two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane reach osmotic?
Between the two solutions, water molecules flow, but there is no net movement of water over the membrane.
Which solution has a lower concentration when two solutions are separated by a membrane?The solvent will tend to permeate from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution if two solutions with varying concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The name is osmosis.
Osmosis is the process by which a solvent moves between two solutions with different solute concentrations over a semipermeable membrane. The solvent is transferred from the solution with the lower solute concentration to the solution with the greater solute concentration during osmosis.
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Higher mental functions that distinguish humans from other species are localized in the brain’s.
Higher mental functions that distinguish humans from other species are localized in the brain’s cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of neural tissue covering the brain and the middle of neural integration and information processing. It is made up of gray matter that covers the interior white matter and it is majorly involved in consciousness.
The functional areas of the cerebral cortex are accountable for many motor and sensory functions of the body. This helps identify, analyze processes and recognize motor and sensory stimuli. General Functions: Motor function, Determination of intelligence and personality, Touch sensory sensation, Language processing, Planning, organization, decision-making , Spatial recognition ,Stereognosis, Learning.
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Explain the difference between fire resistance and flame spread. describe the hazards firefighters should be aware of during the growth and spread of a fire.
Fire resistance is where the amount of time that material has withstood a standard fire exposure whereas flame spread is the speed at which a flame spread along the surface of a specific material and is considered as the difference between fire resistance and flame spread.
Fire resistance is the resistance to fire that is for a particular specified time and is under circumstances of standard heat intensity. It will not structurally fail or else allow the transition of heat and also not permit the side away from the fire so as to become hotter than a temperature that is specified well.
Flame spread is described as the surface burning characteristics enhanced by building materials. It is the most tested property of the fire performance of a material.
Firefighters should be aware of the growth and spread of a fire as they face respiratory hazards in emergency situations which include oxygen deficiency, temperature elevation, smoke as well as toxic atmospheres. This can also affect both the physical and mental effects of the firefighter and would be worse if proper respirator precautions are not followed.
This indicates that firefighters are regularly exposed to certain concentrations of hazardous materials that include carcinogenic products such as carbon monoxide, benzene, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes as well as particulates.
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A cyborg anthropologist is an individual who studies the interaction between humans and technology, observing how technology can shape humans' lives. True or false
A cyborg anthropologist is an individual who studies the interaction between humans and technology, observing how technology can shape humans' lives. This is TRUE.
Built infrastructure and networks surround humans. Since of how drastically humans are changing their biological and physical environments, some have explicitly argued that cyborgs should be the legitimate subject of anthropological study instead of people because, as Donna Haraway puts it, "we are all cyborgs now."
According to cyborg anthropology, both human and non-human artifacts have a significant role in most aspects of contemporary life.
In many ways, how we engage with machinery and technology reveals who we are. A conceptual framework for comprehending how things and technology affect people and culture is called cyborg anthropology. This website is intended to serve as a source for those instruments.
Anthropology, the study of people, has traditionally focused on understanding the course of human evolution.
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100 POINTS + BRAINLEIST
form a hypothesis about earth early atmosphere
PLS HELP ME OUT HERE!!
Answer:
Within our solar system early on, Earth was nearly undefinable compared to now. Our earth used to be made out of magma, and it was extremely hot. The time was not right for life to form. The atmosphere was formed by this magma we talked about spewing from mini-volcanoes that consisted around our early version of the Earth. Then, over time, the Earth evolved, and became what we know today as our home planet.
Hope this helps, have a good day!
Answer:
down below
Explanation:
I believe Earth's early atmosphere was very thin and rich in methane, ammonia, water vapor, and noble gas neon. It lacked free oxygen and was much thinner than what we were used to.
Hope this helps! :)
Suppose a protein has a mass of 64 192 daltons (or 64.192 kda). What would be the mass of one mole of this protein?
approximate mass of one molecule of this protein= 64192 g/mol
What is atom's mass?An element's atomic mass seems to be the average mass of its atoms measured in atomic mass units (AMU, also known as Daltons, D). The atomic mass is a cumulative total of all the isotopes of this same element, calculated by multiplying the mass from each isotope by its abundance.
According to the given data:The atom's mass unit is the Dalton or amu.
It is defined as 1/12 mass of C-12 atom.
Mass of protein in Dalton = 64192 Daltons or AMU
The molar mass or mass about one mole of the compound/atoms seems to be the numerical value equal toward its molecular mass (in Dalton) but with the unit g/mol.
approximate mass of one molecule of this protein= 64192 g/mol.
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In an individual that is heterozygous for a particular trait, expression of the recessive allele is masked. True or false?.
Groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in dna that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor. How?
Groups of organisms that share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in DNA that are more similar to those that share only a distant ancestor in the linear order of the nucleotide sequence for conserved genomic regions.
What are evolutionary conserved genomic regions?Evolutionary conserved genomic regions are specific nucleotide sequences that are similar due to an origin in common, which may be evidenced by making a sequence alignment between genes of closely related organisms. Conversely, organisms that share only a distant ancestor do not show high similarity levels in these regions.
In conclusion, organisms that have the same more recent ancestor show more similar nucleotide sequences in conserved genomic regions when they are compared to a distant ancestor.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIST TO BEST ANSWER HELP TIMED!
Which statement BEST summarizes the effects that the Irish Potato Famine and Dust Bowl had on the respective populations of Ireland and the United States?
A. The populations of both areas increased as people found more reliable sources of food.
B. The populations of both areas decreased as people died from starvation or moved to other areas.
C. The populations of both areas remained stable until the disasters were over, then increased immediately afterwards.
D. The populations of both areas were relatively unaffected and continued to grow exponentially.
The populations of both areas decreased as people died from starvation or moved to other areas.
What is a famine?The term famine has to do with a period of extreme scarcity of food. It may be caused by natural disaster or by the loss of arable land due to some other factors. The time of famine is always characterized by a lot occurrences and even death of people.
The Irish Potato Famine and Dust Bowl led to catastrophic loss of the yield of crops forcing many to abandon their livelihoods in the midst of the famine across Ireland and the United Kingdom.
The statement which best summarizes the effects that the Irish Potato Famine and Dust Bowl had on the respective populations of Ireland and the United States is; the populations of both areas decreased as people died from starvation or moved to other areas.
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If the f2 generation of a cross between two pure-breeding lines exhibits a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio, the type of dominance being observed is most likely _____.
If the f2 generation of a cross between two pure-breeding lines exhibits a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio, the type of dominance being observed is most likely Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance.
What type of cross results in a 1 2 1 phenotypic ratio?A cross of two F1 hybrids heterozygous for a single trait with imperfect dominance is projected to produce offspring with a 1:2:1 ratio of genotypes and phenotypes.
Incomplete dominance is a kind of intermediate inheritance in which one allele is less dominant than its associated counterpart. In this case, the third phenotype is exhibited in the heterozygous state. The phenotypic and genotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance is 1:2:1, with one part having dominant phenotype, two parts having intermediate phenotype, and one portion having recessive phenotype. A snapdragon flower, for example, has red (dominant), white (recessive), and pink (intermediate) blossoms.
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Which of the following best describes how a chemical reaction will proceed with an enzyme compared to without the enzyme?
With an enzyme, the activation energy of the reaction decreases, which increases the reaction rate.
With an enzyme, the temperature and pH of the reaction increase, which decreases the reaction rate.
With an enzyme, the reaction forms different products, which then causes other reactions.
With an enzyme, the reverse reaction will occur at the same time, which results in equilibrium.
Answer:
the first answer is the correct one
Explanation:
This is because enzymes are organic catalysts which can increase or decrease the rate of reaction of chemicals by reducing the activation energy
In cladistics, biologists attempt to place species into groups that each include an ancestral species and all of its descendants. A group that is paraphyletic fails to accomplish this goal in what way?.
The group that is paraphyletic fails to accomplish this goal consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants.
What is cladistics?Cladistics is a common method for speculating on the relationships between organisms.Cladistics is based on the idea that members of a particular group share a common evolutionary history.They are "closely related" to other organisms more than to other members of the same group.These groups share characteristics that their distant ancestors lacked. Synapomorphies refer to shared derived characteristics. Cladistics or phylogenetic systematics refers to the process of grouping organisms that share derived characteristics. Taxa that share a large number of derived characters are grouped together more closely than those that do not. A cladogram is a branching hierarchical tree that depicts the relationships.
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what problem might you encounter if you tried to show energy flow through an ecosystem using a pyramid of numbers
Answer:
the pyramid of numbers only compares the number of organisms present in each trophic level at A PARTICULAR TIME. This pyramid can be inverted if organisms of one trophic lvl is parasitic on organisms of another trophic lvl. or when there are many small organisms feeding of one trophic level feeding on a large organism of another trophic lvl.
For eg. tree→ aphid →protozoa, the pyramid of numbers is upside down
however pyramid of energy is always in a pyramid shaped as it compares the total energy in each trophic level OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. more energy is lost when we move along a food chain hence the shape is ALWAYS pyramid.
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
Hormone
molecule
Nucleus
X
Cell
membrane
DNA
Structure X most likely functions in the
1 transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus
extraction of energy from nutrients
separation of cell contents from the outside environment
digestion of large molecules
Answer:
transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus
Structure X most likely functions in the transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What are chemical messengers?Chemical messenger molecules, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, can enter the cell nucleus to bind to specific receptors and activate or inhibit the expression of specific genes. The transport of chemical messenger molecules into the cell nucleus is facilitated by a complex process that involves multiple steps and requires the cooperation of various intracellular proteins and organelles.
The first step in the transport process is the uptake of the chemical messenger molecule into the cell. This can occur through passive diffusion or through the action of specific transporters that are located on the cell membrane.
Once the chemical messenger molecule is inside the cell, it must be transported to the nucleus. This is typically achieved through the action of intracellular proteins called importins, which bind to the chemical messenger molecule and carry it through the nuclear envelope into the nucleus.
Once inside the nucleus, the chemical messenger molecule can bind to specific receptors, such as nuclear receptors or transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene expression. This binding can activate or inhibit the transcription of specific genes, leading to changes in the cell's activity or function.
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During what period did seedless vascular plants form extensive forests of tall trees?.
During the Carboniferous epoch, vast forests of lofty trees were created by symbiotic seedless vascular plants. The lycophyte evolutionary lineage includes tiny herbaceous plants and enormous trees with diameters of more than 2 metres and heights of more than 40 metres by the Carboniferous epoch (359-299 million years ago).
Which epoch do vascular plants belong to?The Silurian epoch, 425 million years ago, has the first fossil evidence of a possibly vascular plant. The now-extinct Cooksonia (Figure below) had branching branches capped with sporangia, indicating that it is a sporophyte, but neither roots or leaves, and it grew just a few centimetres above the ground.
Only a small percentage of the plants in our environment are seedless. Prior to 300 million years ago, the majority of the vegetation was seedless and thrived in the massive
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The synapse is the space between two neurons where the ______ of a sending neuron uses chemical messages to communicate with the dendrites of a receiving neuron.
The synapse is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron uses chemical messages to communicate with the dendrites of a receiving neuron.
What is the axon?The axon is a prolongation of a nerve cell (ie, a neuron) whose objective is to send information between these cells through transmitting electrical stimuli to different parts of the human body.
In conclusion, the synapse is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron uses chemical messages to communicate with the dendrites of a receiving neuron.
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actice Session - Genes & Chro X + fw/test/practice-session/a5163?CFID=ea408cb7-1a27-4eb2-af7b-695271344247&CFTOKEN=0&crateID=a5163&packID=a610eda0&qgCount=9b1c6&qgList=b31bce9d&classid=bd9a87fe&assi 3 A gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome. How are genes related to the proteins made by a cell? OA. The structure of the genes in a cell determines the structure of the proteins made by the cell. B. All genes in a cell have the same exact structure, so all genes code for the same exact set of proteins. OC. The structure of the genes in a cell is unrelated to the structure of the proteins made by the cell. D. All genes in a cell have the same exact structure, but each gene codes for a different set of proteins.
The correct answer is option A. which sates that the structure of the genes in a cell determines the structure of the proteins made by the cell.
Most genes include the information needed to create the important molecules known as proteins. The pathway from gene to protein is complex and closely controlled within each cell. The two main steps are transcription and translation. Combining transcription and translation results in gene expression.Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus and involves the transfer of information from a gene's DNA to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid).The type of RNA that carries the instructions for making a protein is known as messenger RNA (mRNA) because it moves the information, or message, from the DNA outside of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.The cytoplasm is where translation, the second step in converting a gene into a protein, takes place.Transfer of information happens from DNA to RNA to proteins. This fundamental idea is referred to as the "central dogma".Hence, the correct answer is option A.
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Are any of the fungi that you identified limited to specific habitats? is habitat type useful for separating these genera? why/ why not?
Yes, many species of fungi are limited to specific habitats.
Fungi can be found all over the world and can flourish in a variety of environments, including oceans and deserts. While many fungal species are global generalists, some are specialized to specific substrates or environments. Extreme environmental conditions are likely to inhibit the growth of a mycobiota in unusual fungal niches such as salt flats and salterns, high Arctic glaciers, hypersaline microbial mats, plant trichomes and Antarctic dry valleys. Among the mycobiota adapted to cold and saline habitats, yeasts, black yeast-like fungi, melanized filamentous species, as well as representatives of Aspergillus and Penicillium, appear to be prominent. Trichomes on plants appear to be a special niche that is home to a large number of new taxa.Hence, certain species of fungi can be limited to a specific habitat and understanding the habitat type and the characteristics of the pre-dominant fungi can be useful in separating the genera.
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What happens to ideas in science?
A.
They will be modified or replaced as new ones are developed.
B.
They do not often influence the way people live their lives.
C.
They become theories that no one is allowed to question.
D.
They are rarely proven wrong over a period of time.
Answer:
Explanation: B
Structure is critically linked to function in most cell organelles.
What is the function of the organelle shown?
The given structure is the mitochondria and it is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotes; option A
What are cell organelles?Cell organelles refers to the membrane-bound or in some cases non-membrane bound structures found within the cells of eukaryotic organisms.
The cell organelles play several specific roles in the functioning of the cell.
The structure of cell organelles are critically linked to their function.
For example, the structure of the mitochondria in eukaryotic organisms.
The mitochondria has double-membrane which provides the mechanism for the existence of a proton gradient which is required for production of ATP in eukaryotic cells.
During aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, protons are pumped from from the intermembrane matrix to the outer mitochondrial membrane to create a proton gradient. Subsequently, the energy of protons moving down their gradient is used by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP and thus synthesize ATP.
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What type of graph is best to use for showing the relationship between multiple sets of data? Why?
A bar graph is best to use for showing the relationship between multiple sets of data because it convey relational information in a visual manner quickly.
Define bar graph.A bar graph or chart displays categorical data using rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values they represent. Both vertical and horizontal plots of the bars are possible. Column charts are another name for vertical bar charts.
Comparisons between distinct categories are shown in a bar graph. The chart's two axes, one for measured value and the other for the specified categories under comparison, are shown. In certain bar graphs, clusters of multiple bars that represent the values of multiple measured variables are clustered together.
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PLEASE HELP!!! 50 POINTS TO WHO ANSWERS!!!!In 1907, Dr. Duncan MacDougall performed a series of experiments in which he attempted to measure the weight of the soul as it left a dying person. In his experiments, MacDougall placed a dying person on a scale and measured their weight immediately prior to and following death. MacDougall determined the change in weight to be approximately 21 grams. From these experiments, he concluded that the soul exists and has mass. What is the fundamental scientific flaw in his conclusions?
They are based on the concept of the soul, which is beyond the bounds of science.
They are based on the idea that the soul is made of matter, not energy.
They are based on the assumption that the soul does not remain in the body after death.
They are based on the concept that the soul can be measured.
They are based on the concept of the soul, which is beyond the bounds of science.
Answer: MacDougall placed a dying person on a scale and measured their weight immediately prior to and following death.
Explanation:
Which does Kepler’s second law state about planetary motion?
A.The square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis.
B.A line between the planet and the sun covers equal areas in equal times.
C.Planets move at the same speed at all points along their orbit.
D.The planet travels along an elliptical orbit.
According to Kepler’s second law The correct answer is option (B) A line between the planet and the sun covers equal areas in equal times. This means that the planet speeds up as it was approaches the sun and then slows down as it departs from it.
Kepler's second law states that the planet moves in its ellipse so that the line in between it and the Sun placed at the focus sweeps out of the equal areas in the equal times. There are actually three, the Kepler's laws that is, of the planetary motion: 1) every planet's orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at a focus; 2) a line joining the Sun and the planet sweeps out equal areas in the equal times; and 3) the square of the planet's orbital period is also proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its
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Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that
Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that explains in a comprehensive and testeable manner the relationship between variables. Option 3 is correct. Enables them to be tested.
What is a hypothesis?When following the scientific methodology, researchers must formulate a hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. It is a possibility, not a fact. It is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables.
The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur.
A hypothesis
must be clear and comprehensive. must express the direct relationship between the involved variables. must be objective. must be testeable and falsifiableThere are different kinds of hypotheses: descriptive, correlative, differentiative, or causative.
Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that explains in a comprehensive and testeable manner the relationship between variables.
Option 3 is correct. Enables them to be tested.
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Complete question,
Scientific Hypotheses must be proposed in a way that
Ensures that the experiment will be validEnables them to be proved validEnables them to be testedDo not contradict previous hypothesismoving from the element with atomic number 10 to atomic number 11 on the periodic table there is a change in reactivity, which of the following are true?
select all that apply .
Reactivity increases
Reactivity decreases
Neon has another shell
Sodium has another shell
Valence electrons in sodium are farther from the nucleus
Atomic number 11 does not have a full electron shell
The following option are true:
Reactivity increasesSodium has more shellValence electrons in sodium are further from the nucleusAtomic number 11 does not have a full electron shellWhat is an atomic number?The number of protons in an atom's nucleus or the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is the atomic number of that atom. An atom of sodium, for instance, has 11 protons and 11 electrons. Therefore, the atomic number of the Na atom is equal to the sum of its protons and electrons, or 11.
Why is atomic number more important?The electron count in an element is indicated by the atomic number. The majority of an element's chemical properties are determined by the electrons in their valency shell, which is their outermost electron shell. As a result, a chemist places greater value on an element's atomic number than on its relative atomic mass.
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What physical force is best resisted by having multiple layers of oral squamous epithelium?.
Answer:
ABRASIONExplanation:
correct me if I'm wrong
