Answer:
Explanation:
?
1. Physiological adaptations: The physiological adaptations of an organism, such as its body size and shape, can influence its dive depth and dive time. For example, smaller organisms tend to be able to dive deeper and for longer periods of time than larger organisms due to their lower mass and increased maneuverability.
2. Environmental conditions: The physical environment at the dive depth can also influence an organism’s dive depth and dive time. For example, currents, temperature and pressure changes, and visibility can all affect the dive time and depth of organisms.
3. Feeding behavior: An organism’s feeding behavior can also influence its dive depth and dive time. For example, some organisms may have to dive deeper and for longer periods of time in order to find food or to capture prey.
4. Reproductive behavior: An organism’s reproductive behavior can also influence its dive depth and dive time. For example, some species may need to dive deeper and for longer periods of time in order to find suitable mates.
5. Behavioral adaptations: Behavioral adaptations, such as rest and sleep cycles, can also influence an organism’s dive depth and dive time. For example, some organisms may need to dive deeper and for longer periods of time in order to rest or to sleep.
work as liaison between sensory and motor neurons by mediating their impulses
Interneurons are the type of neurons which work as liaison between sensory and motor neurons by mediating their impulses.
The brain and nervous system are made up of neurons, which are cells. They are the fundamental components that transmit and receive impulses, allowing us to move our muscles, sense our environment, think, create memories, and do a lot more. Interneuron connections between spinal motor and sensory neurons make up the intermediary interneurons. Interneurons can communicate with one another to construct circuits of varying complexity in addition to sending signals between sensory and motor neurons. Like motor neurons, they have many poles. The differentiation between different neuronal types is significantly more nuanced in the brain. In contrast to the spinal cord, where we could easily differentiate neurons depending on their function, the brain does not do this.
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why does the heart automatically adjust the flow of blood to match activity levels? a. extreme activity damages blood cells and the body needs replacements. b. the heart requires more oxygen when exercising. c. it reduces the level of oxygen in the blood. d. organs and muscles require mo
Because stressed organs and muscles need more blood, the heart automatically modifies the blood flow.
Blood flow to correspond with levels of activity.The effector organs of movement, the muscles, receive a proportionately greater volume of blood ejected by the heart when the organism is required to produce energy.
It makes sense that the heart would have to work harder and receive more blood.
With this knowledge, we can draw the conclusion that the heart pumps more blood to meet the organs' needs. The main organ responsible for moving blood throughout the body is the heart. By consuming more oxygen, the heart automatically modifies blood flow to correspond to activity levels.
When there is enough oxygen in the air, the heart works properly. The body needs more energy during a period of activity or exercise to meet the demands of the activity. In order to increase blood flow and meet the oxygen demand, the heart adjusts by absorbing more oxygen.
The heart distributes the proper amount of blood to the body's various organs so that no physiological issues arise.
It makes sense that the heart would have to work harder and receive more blood.
With this knowledge, we can draw the conclusion that the heart pumps more blood to meet the organs' needs.
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column shaped cells that lie just under the epidermis ?
Palisade cells, which are located just beneath the epidermis, are more column-like.
The mesophyll, a layer of cells within the leaf, is present. The palisade layer and the spongy layer are the two layers into which mesophyll can be split. The palisade layer and lower epidermis are separated by the spongy layer, which is more loosely packed and has a more column-like appearance. Gas exchange is made possible by the air gaps between the spongy cells. Chloroplasts are abundant in the palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, which are where photosynthesis actually takes place.
In the leaves of plants that have them, palisade cells—which have the most chloroplasts per cell and serve as the principal site of photosynthesis, optimizing energy production by converting light energy to the chemical energy of carbohydrates—are the major site of photosynthesis.
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considering genetic diversity, how might the absence of sexual reproduction make this domesticated species vulnerable to infectious agents?
The absence of sexual reproduction might contribute to the vulnerability of this domesticated species to infectious agents because without sexual reproduction.
What are Infection?The population of this species would obviously stop increasing, and with infectious agents already attacking their population, without the support of sexual reproduction.
Hereditary refers to something that can or will be passed on from parents to children. Genetic variations, or variations in your DNA, may run in your family.
Health may be impacted by some. Individuals with specific genetic variations may be at an increased risk of contracting a disease compared to the general population.
Therefore, The absence of sexual reproduction might contribute to the vulnerability of this domesticated species to infectious agents because without sexual reproduction.
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the technique of severing the connections between the frontal lobe and the thalamus is called: question 25 options: lobotomy electroconvulsive therapy rational emotive therapy phrenology
The technique of separating the connections between the frontal lobe and the thalamus is called: lobotomy.
What is Lobotomy?A lobotomy is basically a kind of brain surgery which gained popularity as a remedy for mental health issues arround the year 1930s. lobotomy entails cutting off the frontal lobe's communication with other regions of the brain. On patients suffering from illnesses like schizophrenia and depression, doctors carried out lobotomy surgery.Frontal lobe :As the largest lobes in the human brain, similarly the frontal lobes are the most frequently damaged by traumatic brain injury. The frontal lobes are crucial for controlling higher order executive functions, expressive language, and voluntary movement of the body.
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The scientific names of three animals leopard, wolf and lion in the family carnivora are; Panthera pardus, Canis lupas and Panthera leo respectively.
a) Why are scientific names given in Latin?
b) What does Canis refer to?
c) Giving a reason, state the organisms that are MOST closely related.
Answer:
a) Scientific names are given in Latin because Latin is a dead language and therefore does not change over time. This helps to ensure that scientists all over the world are able to communicate about the same organism using a standardized and unchanging system of naming.
b) Canis refers to the genus of the animal, in this case the wolf, which is a member of the Canidae family, which includes domestic dogs, coyotes, and jackals.
c) The organisms that are most closely related are Panthera pardus and Panthera leo, as they are both members of the Panthera genus. This is because they have a more recent common ancestor than the wolf (Canis lupus) and are more closely related on the evolutionary tree.
Explanation:
make me brainiest
a) Scientific names are given in Latin and other languages derived from Latin because it's a standardized language, meaning all biologist across the world can communicate and talk about organisms when everybody understands the same language.
b) Canis refers to the wolf, a genus in the canine family.
c) Panthera leo and Panthera pardus are most closely related because they are both part of the cat family, the Panthera genus.
A student is comparing four different types of cells and observes that one contains many more mitochondria than the others. The student should conclude that the cell with the greatest number of mitochondria is most likely which of the following? O Epidermal cellO Muscle cell O Fat cellO Sebaceous gland cell
Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria because they need the ATP they produce to contract and move bones, and therefore limbs.
What is muscle cells?When referring to either a cardiac muscle cell or a smooth muscle cell, a muscle cell is also referred to as a myocyte. A muscle fiber is a long, threadlike skeletal muscle cell with numerous nuclei. Myoblasts are embryonic precursor cells that grow into muscle cells. Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria because they need the ATP they produce to contract and move bones, and therefore limbs. Myocytes, or muscle cells, are the cells that make up muscular tissue. In the human body, there are three kinds of muscle cells: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Because of their lengthy and fibrous nature, cardiac and skeletal myocytes are commonly referred to as muscle fibers.
Here,
Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria because they need the ATP they make to contract and move bones, and therefore limbs.
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21.5C51 H98 06 + 145 02 ........ ....... 102 CO2 + 98 H2O The above equation shows an oxidation reaction of food substances.
a) What do you understand by the term respiratory quotient?
b) Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substances.
c) Identify the food substances.
Answer:
respiratory quotient is the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced to that of oxygen consumed
a teacher rolls a six-sided number cube to determine which group of students will make a presentation. what is the theoretical probability that the teacher will roll the number 4?
Answer:
A six-sided number cube has six equally likely outcomes, numbered 1 through 6. Therefore, the theoretical probability of rolling a specific number, such as 4, is 1/6 or approximately 0.1667. This means that if the cube is rolled many times, the number 4 would be expected to come up approximately 1/6 of the time.
Explanation:
Somebody please help me!
It’s due tomorrow!! Thanks
Answer:
All of these are part of the central nervous system
Explanation:
All three types of neurons—relay, motor, and sensory—are part of the central nervous system. Relay neurons carry signals from one part of the nervous system to another, motor neurons carry signals from the brain to the muscles, and sensory neurons carry signals from the senses to the brain. Together, these neurons form a complex network that allows the body to communicate with itself and the environment.
Compare and contrast purebred and crossbred breeding options. Include the advantages and disadvantages of each breeding system. Also include the different types and kinds of each system.
*Not Bio. Food Animal Science.
Need ASAP
Purebred breeding refers to the mating of two individuals that are homozygous for a specific trait or set of traits. This means that both parents are of the same breed and possess the same genetic characteristics. The offspring produced from purebred breeding will be genetically identical to the parents, which allows for consistent and predictable traits such as size, growth rate, and meat quality.
Crossbreeding, on the other hand, refers to the mating of two individuals that are of different breeds or genetic lines. This results in offspring that possess a combination of the traits of both parents, which can lead to increased genetic diversity and hybrid vigor. Hybrid vigor refers to the improved performance of the offspring compared to the average of the performance of the parents. This can result in improved growth rate, feed efficiency, and disease resistance.What are their advantages and disadvantages?Purebred breeding has advantages such as predictability, consistency, and uniformity in traits, making it easier to select for specific characteristics. Also, it can be useful for preserving specific breeds or genetic lines.
Crossbreeding has advantages such as increased genetic diversity, hybrid vigor, and improved performance in traits. Also, it allows to take advantage of the best traits from different breeds.
It is important to note that different types of crossbreeding systems exist, such as rotational crossbreeding, terminal crossbreeding and backcrossing. Rotational crossbreeding refers to a system in which different breeds are used in succession, while terminal crossbreeding refers to a system in which a specific breed is used as the terminal sire. Backcrossing refers to the mating of a crossbred animal with one of its purebred parents.
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put these 4 structures in size order from largest to smallest: glucose molecule, cell, dna molecule, gene where do organisms get new dna from?
when compare to cell glucose molecule is very small as the cell contains the organelles producing glucose. when compare to gene, DNA molecule is very bigger as it contains more gene in it.
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, which have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 m. Because of their small size, ions and organic molecules that enter prokaryotes quickly diffuse to other parts of the cell. Similarly, wastes produced within a prokaryotic cell can diffuse out quickly. This is not the case in eukaryotic cells, which have evolved structural modifications to improve intracellular transport. In general, all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must be small in size. Consider a typical cell's area and volume. Not all cells have a spherical shape, but the majority do.
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pediatric ear tubes can be placed through the tympanic membrane during a procedure called .
Pediatric ear tubes can be placed through the tympanic membrane during a procedure called Tympanostomy (Ear Tubes).
Tympanostomy (Ear Tubes) is the surgical placement of ear tubes. Ear tubes (tympanostomy tubes, ventilation tubes, and pressure equalization tubes) are microscopic cylinders that are surgically placed into the eardrum. An ear tube establishes an airway that ventilates the middle ear and keeps fluids from accumulating behind the eardrum.
Babies as little as 6 months old can have ear tubes placed. Ear tubes are often extruded (naturally driven out as the child's ear grows) from the ear drum between six and 18 months following placement.
Ear tubes are hollow cylinders that are placed into your eardrum. They're frequently utilized in children and adults with chronic middle ear infections or infections that haven't responded to therapy.
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Which of these would likely be the most immediate result if oxygen levels in the Bay decreased by 90%
If oxygen levels in the Bay dropped by 90%, the most obvious effect would probably be a decline in fish numbers.
All of the Chesapeake Bay's living things, including the fish, crabs, and worms that burrow into the muddy bottom, require oxygen to thrive just like people do. The majority of scientists concur that dissolved oxygen levels in the Bay must be at least 5.0 mg/L for organisms to survive and grow. However, an animal's oxygen requirements vary based on its size, complexity, and environment.
Worms and clams require dissolved oxygen concentrations of at least 1 mg/L to survive in the muddy bottom of the Bay, where oxygen levels are naturally low.
Dissolved oxygen requirements for bottom-dwelling fish, crabs, and oysters are 3 mg/L or higher.
Migratory fish that are spawning, along with their eggs and larvae, require up to 6 mg/L throughout these delicate life stages.
More oxygen can be held in water the colder it gets. The amount of oxygen that may dissolve in the water decreases as it gets warmer. Salinity plays a significant role in determining the volume of oxygen that a body of water can contain, with fresh water having a higher capacity.
When there are excessive amounts of bacteria or algae in the water, oxygen levels may also be diminished. Once the algae have completed their life cycle and have passed away, bacteria eat them. The bacteria also ingest the oxygen dissolved in the water during this process of decomposition. This can result in lower physiologically accessible oxygen levels, which, in some situations, can cause fish deaths and the demise of other aquatic species.
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what would happen if the chromosome number were not cut in half during the process of meiosis in humans? select all that apply. what would happen if the chromosome number were not cut in half during the process of meiosis in humans?select all that apply. upon fertilization, the zygote would be inviable because it would have more than 47 chromosomes. upon fertilization, the zygote would have a different number of chromosomes from the parents. gametes would be diploid instead of haploid. upon fertilization, the zygote would have the same number of chromosomes as the parents. gametes would still be haploid.
Upon fertilization, the zygote would have a different number of chromosomes from the parents. Gametes would be diploid instead of haploid.
What takes place when chromosomes don't completely separate during meiosis?In meiosis I (first row), meiosis II (second row), and mitosis, nondisjunction, in which chromosomes fail to split equally, can take place (third row). These uneven separations can result in aneuploids, or daughter cells with unusual chromosomal counts.
Gametes need to have half the number of chromosomes found in healthy body cells because the zygote has to have genetic material from both the mother and the father. The number of chromosomes must therefore be divided in half during meiosis.
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Determine the proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait. a. 0
b. 1/16
c. 1/8
d. 3/16
e. 1/4
f. 3/8
g. 1/2
h. 3/4
b. 1/16 the proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait.
How many gene pairs are involved in cow coat colour inheritance?All cattle are black, red, or white in hue (Shorthorn type of white). Because all cattle have two fundamental colour genes, this results in six genetic combinations. (Table 1). gene for white (r), resulting in a black-colored person having one gene for black and one gene for white.
If both parents are heterozygous (Ww), any of their kids has a 75% probability of having a widow's peak (see figure). To find all potential genotypic pairings in the parents, a Punnett square might be employed. There are a few major differences in a pedigree that portrays a dominantly inherited characteristic.
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crossing over is thought to be evolutionarily advantageous because it continually shuffles genetic alleles into novel combinations. it was thought that y-linked genes might degenerate because they lack homologous genes on the x chromosome with which to recombine. however, when the y chromosome was sequenced, scientists discovered that eight large regions are homologous and several genes are duplicates. explain how this might be beneficial.
Since there is only one Y chromosome in humans, any gene defects cannot be repaired during meiosis by partnering with a homologous chromosome.
In order to preserve the integrity of the chromosome, duplicate genes that are identical to one another are present.
Homologous chromosomes are those that pair with other organisms and share identical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences, lengths, locations, and centromere positions. The homologous pair's respective chromosomes come from the mother and father, respectively.
The maternal chromosome of the homologous chromosome couples with the paternal chromosome during meiosis. Genetic recombination happens when homologous chromosomes cross over with each other. Recombination produces genetic diversity as a result.
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how many chromatids are in a human cell about to start meiosis?
Each cell contains 46 unique chromosomes. There are 46 chromosomes in total after replication, each containing 92 distinct chromatids.
Which phase do the 92 chromatids belong to?
Prophase: The 92 sister chromatids are housed within the nuclear envelope of the cell, which starts to degrade during prophase. Only found in animal cells, the centrioles split apart and migrate to opposing ends of the cell.
How many chromatids and chromosomes are present in each meiotic stage?
The creation of four cells with two fewer chromosomes is the goal of meiosis. Chromosome number 46 is present here at the start of meiosis (diploid). The resultant cells or gametes after meiosis have 23 chromosomes (haploid).
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based on mendel's laws you've learned so far, why didn't the allele for yellow color show in the f1 generation?
Yellow color is a recessive trait, so it would only show in the F1 generation if both parents had the allele for yellow color.
What is Mendel's laws?Mendel's laws are the foundation of genetics. They were first proposed by the Austrian monk and scientist Gregor Mendel in 1865. Mendel's laws describe how genetic traits are passed from parent to offspring.
The first law, known as the law of segregation, states that for each inherited trait, an organism receives one variant from each of its parents, and that these variants separate during the formation of gametes, or sex cells.
The second law, the law of independent assortment, states that when different traits are inherited, the separation of one trait does not affect the separation of another. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait. Together, these laws form the basis for understanding the transmission and expression of genetic traits.
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[Anatomy of the eye] "Sleepers" are crusty collections of tears and dust that form in the _____ ______ in the morning.
"Sleepers" are crusty collections of tears and dust that form in the eye lid in the morning.
What is a sensory system?In Medicine, a sensory system can be defined as components of the central nervous system which comprise the brain, pathways, (neural tissues) and sensory neurons that are responsible for sensory functions, observations, perception and processing of sensory information (stimulus).
What is the eye?In Science, the eye is one of the five (5) sense organs found in living organisms such as vertebrates or mammals. Additionally, the nerve cells within the eye helps a living organism to sense and transmit light, pain, and other noxious sensations to the sensory system.
In this context, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that the crusty collections of tears and dust that are formed in the eye lid in the morning are generally referred to as sleepers, eye mucus, eye boogers, or eye discharge.
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In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its mutation rate to gain new alleles stability in the face of environmental change contribution to the gene pool of the next generation ability to gain food in its environment ability to compete with other members of the species for a mate
An organism's fitness is the ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, including factors such as gaining food, competition, mutation rate, adaptability, and contribution to the gene pool of the next generation.
One of the key factors that contribute to an organism's fitness is its ability to find food. Organisms that are able to find and consume food in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those that cannot.
Additionally, an organism's ability to compete with other members of the same species for a mate is also important. Organisms that are able to attract and secure a mate are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genetic traits to the next generation.
Another important factor that contributes to an organism's fitness is its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Organisms that are able to adapt to changes in their environment, such as changes in temperature or the availability of food, are more likely to survive and reproduce than those that cannot.
Additionally, an organism's mutation rate also plays a role in its fitness. Organisms with a high mutation rate may be more likely to adapt to new environments and survive in the long term.
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Suppose there are two genes on two different chromosomes, one gene called G and the other called D. An individual has the genotype GgDd. Which of the following drawings correctly shows cells in this individual after DNA replication but before cell division of the first meiosis
As there is no crossing over takes place drawings correctly shows cells in this individual after DNA replication.
Chromosome - These are condense form of the genetic materials found always in a pair having one chromatid at each chromosomes, But during cell divison the genetic materials replication occurs as a result the no. of chromosomes remain same but change is chromatid no. becomes double that means , each chromosomes contains extra copy of chromatid materials .
Before replication the genotype given is GgDd which are present in four different chromosomes as given in below picture , but after replication the genotype will remain the same but having one extra chromatid having same gene as that of parents chromosomes.
Hence, the correct option is A.
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QUESTION 25 if the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus the color of the hair will become lighter the texture of the hair will become coarser. the follicle will lose its blood supply. hair production will not be affected QUESTION 26 are fine hairs that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface. Vellushairs Votes Follicular hairs Terminal hairs QUESTION 27 hate coarse psemented a TERMINE Te QUESTION 28 ON glands Perspiration is produced by O ceruminous O apocrine sweat merocrine sweat sebaceous mammary QUESTION 29 glands are located wherever hair follides exist and tweet and are found only sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface. In a few areas." Sebaceous merocrine apocrine e Apocrine merocrine sebaceous Merocrine sebaceous: apocrine Merocrine apocrine sebaceout Apocrine sebaceous matocrine QUESTION 30 att ta be prevented by Adele sunt Biotintake of cholecalciferol olding the Auright and detary intake of cholecalciferol et intake of cholecalciferol and avoiding unit QUESTION 31 Identify the two major components of the cutaneous membrane. O dermis and epidermis dermis and subcutaneous layer epidermis and subcutaneous layer dermis and the cutaneous plexus epidermis and the cutaneous plexus OOO QUESTION 32 Why does exposure to sunlight or sunlamps darken skin? UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more meanin UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melatonin. UV radiation stimulates keratinocytes to produce more carotene, UV radiation stimulates keratinocytes to produce more Keratin UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin and keratinocytes to produce more Keratin QUESTION 33 which ype of such usually requires skin rafing Whur Free but because the epidermis datased Reseaegret burns because the tissue camaa that angel secote buns because the tissue dane This because the epidermis This degree of cecause the remote
The blood supply to a hair follicle will be cut off if the papilla is removed. A papilla is a mouth protrusion on a bodily component or tissue.
The place of Papilla:The tongue's upper surface has tiny structures called lingual papillae that gives it its distinctively rough texture. The four varieties of epithelium on the host organism are categorized as ratio of the number (or vallate), affecting the original, elongated, and foliate as a result of their distinct structural differences.
What use does the papilla serve?The tiny bumps mostly on top of your lips called papillae help you hold foodstuff while ones teeth are eating it. Their second unique function is to house your taste buds, which enable you to taste anything from tart tomatoes to sweet peaches.
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which of the following is true? select one: a. the efferent division control voluntary actions, while the afferent division control involuntary actions. b. both the afferent and efferent division control voluntary action. c. the efferent division controls involuntary actions, while the afferent division controls voluntary actions. d. both the afferent and efferent division control involuntary action.
The following is true : b. both the afferent and efferent division control voluntary action.
What is afferent and efferent division control?The CNS receives impulses from the peripheral organs through afferent or sensory division. Impulses from the CNS are sent out to the peripheral organs through the efferent or motor division to produce an effect or action.
Efferent neurons controls hearing sensitivity and protects hearing from noise through regulation of gap junctions between cochlear supporting cells.
The somatic efferent division, which includes neurons that regulate skeletal muscles, and the autonomic efferent division, which includes neurons that regulate all other organs, are additional divisions of the efferent division (collectively termed viscera).
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Diagram 3
6. Since 1972, Dr. Jim Estes had been studying a food chain of kelp → urchins → sea otters. He tracked sea otter populations off the coasts of four different Alaskan Islands. In the early 1990s orcas began eating the sea otters.
a. Who is the keystone species in this ecosystem? Explain.
b. Use the data provided, food web, and your own inferences to
describe the trophic cascade taking place in this ecosystem (give at least 3 specific impacts).
Otter No. (% max. count).
c. What resource will kelp crab and sea urchins compete over? Is this
an example of interspecific competition or intraspecific competition?
d. By which method, quadrant or mark recapture, do you believe
researchers would have used to estimate the sea otter abundance?
Explain.
A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem.
What do you mean by ecosystem?An ecosystem consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Ecosystems are organized to better understand the frame of reference in which they are being studied. They are organized from smallest to largest; organism, population, community, ecosystem.
There are four basic components of an ecosystem: abiotic substances, producers, consumers, and reducers, which are also known as decomposers.
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how to calculate the mean rate of respiration of maggots in mm per min
Answer:
To calculate the mean rate of respiration of maggots in mm per min, you will need to measure the oxygen consumption of the maggots over a certain period of time. You can do this by using a respirometer, which is a device that measures the amount of oxygen being consumed. Once you have the oxygen consumption rate, you can calculate the mean rate of respiration by dividing the oxygen consumption rate by the number of maggots used in the experiment. mL/min/maggot.
Explanation:
For example, if you had 10 maggots and they consumed 10 mL of oxygen over 60 minutes, then the mean rate of respiration would be 10 mL/10 maggots/60 minutes = 0.17 mL/min/maggot.
What are 2 examples of reproductive isolation?
examples of reproductive isolation are : Fish from two closely related species that inhabit various areas do not mate. Fruit flies of two distinct species producing various pheromones.
A group of evolutionary traits, physiological processes, and reproductive isolation mechanisms are necessary for speciation. They either stop other species' members from having children or make sure that any children are sterile. By limiting the exchange of genes between closely related species, these barriers protect the integrity of a species. Numerous categories have been used to group the reproductive isolation methods. In general, pre-zygotic mechanisms—those that work prior to fertilization (or prior to animal reproduction, in the case of humans—and post-zygotic ones—those that function following it—are how zoologist Ernst Mayr defined the mechanisms of reproductive isolation. The mechanisms can manifest in species with distinct geographic ranges (sympatric speciation) or in those with overlapping distributions that are genetically regulated.
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explain how this experiment helped to map out the metabolic pathway for arginine production in bread mold.
The "one gene, one enzyme" theory was supported by George Beadle and Edward Tatum's research on the red bread mould Neurospora crassa, which revealed that genes function by controlling many chemical processes.
According to their theory, specific mutations prevented the mould from using a pathway to create arginine from precursors in the surrounding media. Knowing that Neurospora could synthesis its own amino acids when maintained on minimal media, which was deficient in nutrients save for a few minerals, simple sugars, and one vitamin, they were able to grow Neurospora in this manner (biotin). They discovered a number of mutations that were known to prevent the synthesis of arginine, an amino acid essential for the growth of mould.
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explain how spindle fibers help ensure the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes!
By providing a predefined path for movement spindle fibers help ensure the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes.
Spindle fibers play a crucial role in ensuring that the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes. Spindle fibers are microtubules that form a structure called the spindle apparatus, which is responsible for separating the chromosomes during mitosis. The spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores, which are protein structures on the chromosomes, and pull the sister chromatids apart towards opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each pole receives one complete set of chromosomes, one copy of each chromosome. This process, called chromosome segregation, ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, and therefore, the same genetic information as the parent cell. This is how mitosis ensures that the products of mitosis are two identical cells with a full set of chromosomes.
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6) unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to sea water. they are therefore considered by many to be osmoconformers because of the unusual way they maintain homeostasis. they osmoregulate by a) using their gills and kidneys to rid themselves of sea salts. b) monitoring dehydration at the cellular level with special gated aquaporins. c) tolerating high urea concentrations that balance internal salt concentrations to sea water osmolarity. d) synthesizing trimethylamine oxide, a chemical that speeds salt removal from cells. e) possessing a special adaptation that allows
Putting up with high urea levels that balance internal salt levels with sea water osmolarity.
Describe homeostasis:Homeostasis is a self-regulating process that allows an organism to retain internal stability while adapting to shifting external situations. It has emerged as the key unifying idea of physiology.
The stable internal, external, and chemical conditions that are maintained by biological systems are known as homeostasis. This is the state in which the organism is working at its best and involves maintaining a number of parameters—including body temperature and fluid balance—within predetermined ranges.
Every organ system of the body is involved in homeostasis. Similar to how no single organ system of the body functions independently, the regulation of body temperature requires at the very least the collaboration of the circulatory, neurological, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems.
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