Linked genes are always syntenic, and they are always located near or one another on a chromosome. When syntenic genes are so far apart on the chromosome that crossing over between them generates independent assortment of the alleles, the genes are not linked.
2) Genetic linkage leads to the production of a significantly greater number of gametes containing chromosomes with parental combinations of alleles than would be expected under assumptions of independent assortment and to a significantly smaller number of gametes containing chromosomes with alleles that are different from the parental combinations.
3) Crossing over is less likely to occur between linked genes that are close to one another than between genes that are farther apart on a chromosome.
Genetic Linkage observations
A potent method for identifying the chromosomal location for disease genes is genetic linkage analysis.Genes that are located physically close to one another on a chromosome continue to be connected.
By calculating the recombination frequency using information from genetic crosses, we may determine if and how closely two genes are connected. Making linkage maps, which display the arrangement and relative locations of the genes just on chromosome, requires finding the recombination frequencies for several gene pairs. On the same chromosome, linked genes are those that are situated adjacent to one another. They are typically inherited jointly (but not always). One lengthy strand of DNA, one chromosome, codes to hundreds or even thousands of distinct genes. Each gene does have a particular spot on each chromosome known as a locus. In terms of genetics and genomics, linkage describes how closely genes or even other DNA sequences are located to each other on the identical chromosome.
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At the end of the calvin cycle what molecules have the energy that originally came from.
At the end of the calvin cycle ATP and NADPH molecules have the energy that originally came from light.
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate is the source of the energy that cells use and store. The nucleoside triphosphate structure of ATP is composed of an adenine-based nitrogenous base, ribose sugar.
ATP plays a critical role in the entry and exit of macromolecules like proteins and lipids from the cell. The energy liberated during ATP hydrolysis powers efficient transportation mechanisms that carry these particles across a gradient of concentration.
Therefore, At the end of the calvin cycle ATP and NADPH molecules have the energy that originally came from light.
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Assume that all four H-R diagrams below represent a star in different stages of its life, after it starts to fuse hydrogen in its core. Rank the HR diagrams based on when each stage occurs, from first to last. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help 106 106 106 106 10- 10 103 10 luminosity (solar units) 1 luminosity (solar units) luminosity (solar units) 1 luminosity (solar units) 1 10 0-3 10-3 10-31 10-3 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-5 O O AFG A FG KM AFG spectral type AFG spectral type spectral type spectral type First stage Last stage
The correct sequence representing a star in different stages of its life, after it's starts to fuse hydrogen in its core is given below:
star in the sequencea little outsidemore outsidethen below the lineWhat is Star?A star is described as an astronomical object comprising a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its gravity.
The stages in a Star's life cycle is shown below:
Giant Gas Cloud.Protostar.T-Tauri Phase.Main Sequence.Red Giant.The Fusion of Heavier Elements.Supernovae and Planetary NebulaeDuring the life cycle of a star, the star converts hydrogen atoms into helium over its course of life at its core. Eventually, the hydrogen fuel runs out, and the internal reaction stops.
If a star is big enough to fuse hydrogen atoms into helium, it will enter the phase that the Sun is in which is the main sequence phase.
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Proteins are the most complex organic compounds. What determines how proteins are produced?.
Proteins are the maximum complex organic compounds that DNA presents the instructions for making needed proteins.
The type of RNA that contains the records for creating a protein is known as messenger RNA (mRNA) because it contains the records, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
The facts to make proteins are stored in an organism's DNA. every protein is coded for through a selected section of DNA called a gene. A gene is the section of DNA required to produce one protein.
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protein, it's far determined by means of its number one shape and its tertiary shape. Proteins are very critical, plus 4 organic molecules. they are composed of amino acids.
The collection of amino acids determines each protein's particular three-dimensional shape and unique characteristics. Amino acids are coded via mixtures of 3 DNA building blocks (nucleotides), decided via the collection of genes.
Proteins are the most complicated biological molecules because they are products of five exclusive elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. compared to different biological molecules,
Proteins are assembled at organelles called ribosomes. whilst proteins are destined to be part of the mobile membrane or exported from the cellular, the ribosomes assembling them connect to the endoplasmic reticulum, giving it a hard appearance.
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c) Why is mouth to mouth method of artificial respiration so effective in stimulating victims to begin breathing on their own? (2 marks)
The mouth to mouth method of artificial respiration is so effective in stimulating victims to begin breathing on their own because it makes available residual oxygen from the rescuer to be used in the lungs of the patient.
What is artificial respiration?Artificial respiration is defined as the method of respiratory where by oxygen is being delivered to the lungs through a manipulative technique that is not natural.
There are different types of artificial respiration which includes the following;
Schaffer's Method.Sylvester's method.Mouth to mouth respiration. Artificial respiration machine. Artificial breathing devices.The mouth to mouth type of artificial respiration has been proven to be effective because it stimulates the patient and makes available residual oxygen from the rescuer to be used in the lungs of the patient.
To perform mouth to mouth respiration the following is carried out accordingly;
Take a normal breath, cover and seal their open mouth with yours, and blow into their mouth for about one second. Their chest should rise visibly when you breathe into their mouth, and sink again as soon as you move away.This should not take more that ten minutes to restore the normal breathing of the patient.Learn more about respiration here:
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Why do bone cells muscle cells and skin cells look different?.
Answer: Bone cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different
Explanation: because (C) different genes are active in each kind of cell. Every cell in the body has the same number and type of genes as every other cell.
Help!!! This is due tonight please help guys.
The recording station C is closest to epicenter.
How radio signals are transmitted to your radio?Radio works by sending and receiving electromagnetic waves. In wireless communication systems, information is transmitted through space using radio waves. On the transmitting side, the information to be transmitted is applied to a radio transmitter in the form of a time-varying electrical signal. A radio signal is an electronic current that travels back and forth at very high speed. The transmitter radiates this field outwards through its antenna. A receiver then picks up the field and converts it into sound that can be heard on the radio. A wave generator produces a high frequency radio signal. The frequency of this signal is many times greater than the frequency of the sound wave. This signal "carries" the audio signal wirelessly. The amplitude (height) of the carrier signal is changed or modulated to reflect changes in the amplitude of the audio signal.
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Reactant Cellular Respiration Equation Glucose + PLEASE HELP THIS IS HOMEWORK
Answer: Chemical equation: 6CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explanation:
Carbon Dioxide (6CO2) + Water (H2O) -> Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6O2)
The actual boilling point of pure water is 100.0c.
Answer:
The boiling point of pure water is measured to be 99.1°C.
Explanation:
Hope it helps
Answer: 100.0 C
Explanation: It is 100.0 degrees C because that is water boiling point.
What is the difference between theory and law class 9?.
laws usually describe what will happen in a given situation as demonstrable like a mathematical equation, and theories describe how the phenomenon happens.
when a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because:
When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced to lactate.
The manner of breakdown of the glucose molecule into pyruvic acid is called glycolysis. The manner of glycolysis is accomplished below the cardio response. The response which occurred in presence of air is called cardio response.
In this manner, Glucose is absolutely digested into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Hence, the lactic acid is not shaped.
The lactic acid is shaped because of a scarcity of oxygen and leads to incomplete oxidation.
Hence, the correct is E that is below cardio conditions maximum of the pyruvate generated because of glycolysis is oxidized through the citric acid cycle as opposed to decreased to lactate.
Complete question is
When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because:_____________. 1. glycolysis does not occur to significant extent under aerobic conditions. 2. muscle is metabolically less active under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. 3. the lactic acid generated is rapidly incorporated into lipids under aerobic conditions. 4. under aerobic conditions in muscle, the major energy-yielding pathway is the pentose phosphate pathway, which does not produce lactate. 5. under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced to lactate.
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What are two different forms of a single gene called?
A factors
B alleles
B traits
Which of the following plant pigments would absorb light at 440 nm? Check all that apply.chlorophyll abeta carotene
The energy from wavelengths of 440 nm is heavily absorbed by chlorophyll b. B. Green helps with light absorption during photosynthesis.
Which 4 different plant pigments are there?Chlorophylls, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betalains are the four major divisions of plant pigments. The majority of plant colors that are derived naturally come from them.
Carotene absorbs light, right?Carotenoids are pigments that are both common and necessary for photosynthesis. The wavelength range of light that can drive photosynthesis is increased by their absorption in the blue-green area of the solar spectrum and transmission of the absorbed energy to (bacterio-)chlorophylls.
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Compare and contrast osmosis, diffusion and active transport
Explanation: Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high to a lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules down a concentration gradient through a semi-permeable membrane. Active transport moves particles from low to higher concentrations, while diffusion moves them across a membrane.
Which water source is connected to chemical contamination in beluga whales?
O Hudson River
O Cuyahoga River
O Rio Grande River
O St. Lawrence River
What is the original source of energy in the food you eat?
O plants
O photosynthesis
O sugar
Osun
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Iirc
Answer: The correct answer to that is THE SUN. The sun is the main energy source that gives off energy to plants and other organisms as it is well known it provides vitamin D.
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!!
this view demonstrates the location of bones that form the cranium. what important roles does thecranium play in regard to the brain?
What is the cranium?
The head's skeletal structure. The cranium is made up of facial bones and cranial bones, which surround and guard the brain (bones that form the eye sockets, nose, cheeks, jaw, and other parts of the face). The spinal cord attaches to the brain through a hole at the base of the skull.
The upper, bowel-shaped portion of the skull that houses the brain is called the cranium. There are eight bones in the cranium (two parietal, two temporal, and one each of the occipital, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones).The roof and sides of the cranium are formed by the paired parietal bones.It supports the facial structure and creates the cranial cavity, which houses the brain. The brain is housed in the cranial cavity, which supports and shields the organ.It shields the brain from any harm from the outside world.The muscles that are needed for head movement and chewing are attached to the cranium.It encircles the meninges to offer structure and protection.Hence, the cranium plays an important role in regard to the brain.
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Autotrophs like plants make their own food using energy from this process is called.
Autotrophs like plants make their own food using energy from this process is called photosynthesis.
What is the name of the method through which plants produce food?Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugar in a process known as photosynthesis.
Autotrophs include algae, plants, certain bacteria, and fungus. Autotrophs are the food chain's producers since they make their own energy and nutrients. Like the majority of autotrophs, kelp produces energy through a process known as photosynthesis.
All ecosystems depend on autotrophs because only they can synthesise the organic molecules that all creatures require from inorganic substances. Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs are the two main categories of autotrophs.
Heterotrophs do devour autotrophs, but autotrophs do not consume heterotrophs.
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Why is the distance between euorpe and north america slowly increasing each year
Practice It!
Determine which statement about pedigrees is accurate.
Pedigrees show how a trait is inherited throughout several generations.
Pedigrees show a trait passed only from parent to the first set of offspring.
Pedigrees are only use by doctors to track sicknesses
Answer:
Pedigrees show how a trait is inherited throughout several generations.
Explanation:
We can eliminate the second answer choice because pedigrees show a trait passed through multiple generations, not just a trait passed from parents to the first set of offspring: the purpose of a pedigree is to see the pattern of how the trait passes, so there needs to be more than a generation of just parents and the first set of offspring. The third statement can also be eliminated because the trait being tracked might not always be one that leads to sickness. This leaves the first statement, which is correct.
GIVING BRAINLIEST AMany of those living in the Pacific Islands
A.speak one launguage
B.practice traditional forms of art or dancee
C. belong to an ethincic group
during translation in prokaryotes formation of the intiation complex requires all the following except
a. a small ribosomal subunit. b. mRNA. c. RNA charged with N-formylmethionine. d. RNA polymerase. e. initiation factors.
during translation in prokaryotes formation of the initiation complex does not require RNA polymerase.
what is translation in prokaryotes ?In prokaryotes nucleus is absent, so transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, where these two processes are coupled
Due to this coupling process prokaryotes produce proteins more efficiently, and faster in situations of need like during DNA replication or when it faces an environmental challenge.
This is different than gene expression in eukaryotic cell where transcription occurs in a membrane-enclosed nucleus together with processing of mRNA and transported to the cytoplasm.
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13. Which statement is true?
A. Endotherms cannot insulate (stop heat loss from) their bodies and can only control their body temperature involuntarily.
B. Ectotherms can insulate (stop heat loss from) their bodies and can control their body temperature by choice.
Answer:
B?
Explanation:
________ transmit pain that is sharp, nonchronic, and well localized. a. a-delta fibers b. b-delta fibers c. c-fibers d. d-fibers
A-Delta fibres transmit pain that is sharp, nonchronic, and well-localized.
Thus, the correct option is A.
What are A-delta fibres?А-deltа fibres are 2-5 mm in diаmeter, myelinаted, hаve а fаst conduction velocity (5-40 meters/sec), аnd cаrry informаtion mаinly from the nociceptive-mechаnicаl or mechаnothermаl-specific nociceptors. Their receptive fields аre smаll. Therefore, they provide precise locаlizаtion of pаin.
А-deltа fibres, therefore, send the “first pаin” into the brаin, while the C fibres send the slower pаin. The first pаin is often described аs а more shаllow, shаrper pаin.
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how does the vasomotor center control peripheral resistance
Answer:
by stimulsting
Explanation:
By stimulating these receptors, guanfacine reduces sympathetic nerve impulses from the vasomotor center to the heart and blood vessels. This results in a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and a reduction in heart rate.
an estimate of the amount of energy required to process the food an individual eats is known as the . multiple choice question. resting heart rate basal metabolic rate parabolic effect of nutrients thermic effect of food
An estimate of the amount of energy required to process the food an individual eats is known as the basal metabolic rate.
Energy is the basic requirement for all the living organisms to maintain their life and perform all the life processes. The most commonly used form of energy is ATP. The energy is synthesized within the body of the organism from the food it intakes.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of calories required by the body on daily basis. In humans, the range varies among males and females. For males, the normal range is around 7,100 kJ per day, while for women, it is around 5,900 kJ per day.
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Colorblindness is a recessive sexlinked disorder carried on the X chromosome. If a normal visioned male married a carrier female, what is the probability that they will have a boy who is colorblind?
Answer:
Explanation:
25%
Dna damage leads to accumulation of ________ p53, which _______ production of a cdk inhibitor to ________ the cell cycle.
When DNA is damaged, phosphorylated p53 builds up and causes a rise in the creation of a cdk inhibitor, which stops the cell cycle.
A DNA simple definition is what?the molecule that houses the hereditary material needed for a creature to develop and work, and is present inside cells. Dna strands enable the transmission of this knowledge from one generation to the next.
How does DNA affect a person?Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the essential component of a person's whole genetic make-up. Almost all of the body cells contain it. A child's DNA is also the same in all of their cells. As an illustration, a man's blood shares DNA with his skin cells, sperms, and saliva.
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a tropic hormone is any hormone that a. stimulates or suppresses the release of posterior pituitary hormones. b. increases reproductive behavior. c. stimulates or suppresses the release of other hormones. d. influences the ovaries and testes. e. is released by the pituitary gland.
A tropic hormone is any hormone that stimulates or suppresses the release of other hormones.
What is tropic hormone?Tropic hormones are hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones influence the growth, function, or nutrition of other endocrine cells.Tropic hormones are found in body systems including the endocrine, gastrointestinal, urinary, and nervous systems.Tropic hormones are released from one endocrine gland and act on another. Tropic hormones stimulates the growth of target tissues. They can lead to hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus secretes trophic hormones that target the anterior pituitary gland, and the thyroid secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus, and thus can be considered trophic hormones. Tropic hormones act indirectly on target cells by first stimulates other endocrine glands. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).To learn more about tropic hormone from the given link :
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hich of the following represents a dna vaccine? a. attenuated measles virus b. a plasmid containing genes for influenza type a protein c. hepatitis b antigen produced in yeast cells d. tetanus toxoid
Answer: b
Explanation:
