When a gene is turned on, also known as gene expression, the DNA code for that gene is transcribed into RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
The RNA molecule then leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it is translated into a specific protein. The protein produced by the gene plays a specific role in the cell, such as acting as an enzyme, a structural component, or a regulatory molecule.
Different genes are turned on and off at different times and in different cells, allowing for the diverse functions and specializations of cells in the body.
The regulation of gene expression is controlled by a complex network of genetic and environmental factors, and disruptions in this process can lead to disease.
Understanding the mechanisms that control gene expression is a key area of research in genetics and biology, with potential applications in medicine and biotechnology.
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Identify the leaf tissues (see attached image).
a. ____
b. ____
c. ____
d. ____
the choices you can choose from:
• phloem
• stoma
• xylem
• guard cells
• dermal
• ground
• vascular
a.xylem, b.stoma, and phloem the ground, and guard cells. The epidermal, vascular, & ground tissue systems are the three basic leaf tissues systems found in leaves, which are similar to the various organs of a plant.
What role does the tissue in leaves play?A leaf's primary job is to carry out photosynthesis, which produces food for the plant. The component that provides plants their distinctive green color, chlorophyll, absorbs light energy.
Leaf tissue—is it an organ?Because it is made up of various types of cells and tissues, a leaf might be considered an organ. The tissues cooperate to perform a variety of processes, including transpiration and photosynthesis.
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Which is the role of the electron transport chain in the process of photosynthesis?.
Electron transport contributes to the creation of a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP and stores energy in the reduced form of the coenzyme NADPH.
Light energy is transformed into chemical energy during photosynthesis, a metabolic process that creates carbohydrates. In the light-dependent processes, ATP, NADPH, and oxygen are produced using light energy and water (O2). An electron transport chain is employed to create the proton gradient that creates ATP. Thus, the Calvin cycle enzymes in the chloroplast stroma use both ATP and NADPH, which are produced by the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II, to convert CO2 to carbohydrates. The primary goal of the electron transport chain is to accumulate enough extra hydrogen ions (protons) in the intermembrane space to create a gradient in their concentration in comparison to the matrix of the mitochondria.
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homologous chromosomes usually have the same arrangement of genes along their length. True/False ?
It is true that the homologous chromosomes have the same arrangement of genes present along their lengths.
Homologous chromosomes, also known as homologs, are the pair of chromosomes which are present in a diploid organisms. One of these chromosomes in the pair are obtained from the mother whereas the other chromosome is obtained from the father.
The word "homo" itself means same and the homologous chromosomes contain the same genes arranged along their lengths. However, these homologous chromosomes can carry different alleles of the same gene. These chromosomes have the same length as well as the same position of the centromere.
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Select each of the characteristics that are key features of genetic material.
Key features of genetic materials are:
a) It must be variable through infrequent mutation
d) It must encode the blueprint to form proteins & other structures
e) It must be able to replicate & transmit to progeny
What is genetic Material?The hereditary component of the cell is genetic material. It contains all information particular to an organism. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, or RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA can be found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes like bacteria. In eukaryotes, which include plants and animals, DNA is found in the cell's nucleus (referred to as nuclear DNA) and, to a lesser extent, in extranuclear sites like the mitochondria (which contain mtDNA) and chloroplasts (containing cpDNA).
In the somatic cells of a multicellular organism, the genetic material that regulates the organism's makeup is identical. Because the genetic material can replicate along with the cell, new cells inherit the same genetic makeup as their parent cells.
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Full question:
which micropipette should you use to most accurately dispense 125 microliters of solution?
P200 micropipettes should you use to most accurately dispense 125 microliters of solution
Measure extremely tiny liquid volumes in the microliter (ul) range. Varied micropipettes have different ranges (P20 or P200) micropipettes can measure 20ul). Smallest range can offer more accuracy.
The maximum volume that P200 micropipettes can measure is how they get their moniker.
Setting the volume dial above or below the micropipette's range can cause damage to the device.
At higher volumes, micropipettors are more accurate; at lower volumes, they are less precise. Consequently, it is preferable to pipette 200 mL using a P200 rather than a P1000.
Micropipette type and typical application range
P2 0.1 to 2.0 μL
P10 0.5 to 10.0 μL
P20 2.0 to 20.0 μL
P200 20.0 to 200.0 μL
P1000 100.0 to 1000.0 μL
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which meristematic structure creates new xylem and phloem?
A plant's breadth is increased by meristems between the xylem and phloem.
Meristems are areas of unspecialized cells that can divide into new cells in plants. Unspecialized cells produced by meristems have the capacity to develop into any kind of specialized cell. Only specific areas of the plant, such as the tips of roots and shoots, as well as the space between the xylem and phloem, contain them.
Plants continue to increase in height and width throughout their lives thanks to the meristem cells they produce: Meristems near the tips of roots produce new cells continuously, enabling roots to lengthen.
A plant's tips of shoots, known as meristems, allow it to continue growing higher and spreading farther. Trees have yearly growth rings as a result of this.
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when a plant wilts, the stomata close. how does this help the plant?
The closure of a plant's stomata will retain water when the plant becomes dehydrated and wilts.
Two guard cells surround each stoma, a small pore or hole, and they expand and contract to close and open the stoma. The carbon dioxide content and the plant's water balance act as two controls on the opening and shutting of the stomata.
Guard cells inflate and bend as a result of water entering them through osmotic movement. The holes are opened by the guard cells expanding. Through open stomata, the plant absorbs carbon dioxide for use in photosynthesis. Through open stomata, oxygen and water vapor are also expelled back into the atmosphere.
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What two processes unique to meiosis are responsible for genetic variation at what point in meiosis do these processes take place?.
The two processes unique to meiosis that are responsible for genetic variation are crossing over and random distribution of genes. They occur in prophase I and metaphase I of meiosis I.
When identical chromosomes are paired together during meiosis, a biological event called crossing over takes place. A chromosome's structure can change if two of its chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father, line up. Even when identical genes are present on the two chromosomes, they could be expressed in different ways. Because of this it promotes genetic reassortment and ensures genetic variation. And this takes place during prophase I of Meiosis I.
According to the law of independent assortment, gametes typically randomly distribute each gene from a pair of homologous chromosomes. All possible combinations appear as a result of equal frequency. This random alignment of homologs that occurs in metaphase I determine the separation arrangement.
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54:45
A dieaed cell i no longer able to produce protein. Which cell tructure i mot likely malfunctioning?
cell membrane
cytoplam
riboome
mitochondrion
A dead cell is incapable of producing protein. The cell structure that is most prone to be broken down is the ribome.
What happens to proteins when the cell dies?Normally dormant proteins called caspases are activated by the cell. The cell is destroyed from within by these caspases. The dying cell fragments into tiny bundles that can be absorbed by other cells.The death receptor (the extrinsic pathway) and the mitochondrial (the intrinsic pathway) signalling pathways are the two main signalling mechanisms that cause apoptotic cell death.The mitochondrion, which accounts for the correct answer e, is the organelle that is most active in inducing programmed cell death. The organelle that provides the cell with the energy it needs is the mitochondrion. A protein that breaks down the cell is also released by them from between the mitochondrial membranes. When a cell membrane is damaged, the organelles of the cell leak outside and the cell loses its identity.To learn more about cell refer to:
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discuss how the rock cycle helps geologists study the earth and its history. Be sure your response is written in the claim, evidence, reasoning format and is at least 5 sentences.
The rock cycle helps geologists study the Earth and its history is the claim.
What is rock cycle?
The rock cycle is a continuous natural process by which sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are created, changed from one form to another, and destroyed. Rocks form as a result of cooling magma and sedimentary rock is created when particles settle and lithify. The rock cycle is a never-ending process, with rocks constantly changing from one form to another.
Claim: The rock cycle helps geologists study the Earth and its history.
Evidence: The rock cycle is a continuous process by which rocks are created, destroyed, and reformed. It involves the formation of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, as well as the transformation of rocks from one type into another. Through the rock cycle, geologists can learn about the history of the Earth, including how the Earth's surface and crust have changed over time.
Reasoning: By studying the rock cycle, geologists are able to better understand the Earth's history and its geologic features. This knowledge can be used to better understand how the Earth's crust has evolved and how the surface features have changed over time. In addition, geologists can use this knowledge to make predictions about future changes to the Earth's crust and surface features.
Therefore, the above presented claim, evidence and reasoning is the answer.
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3. If "warm air rises," predict how
se
conditions in a low-pressure system
to a high-pressure system.
compare
compare to
is
ear skies. Unde c
ence cloudy skies and
Hot air rises because when you heat air (or any other gas for that matter), it expands. When the air expands, it becomes less dense than the air around it.
What Happens When Warm Air Rises?
Different types of fronts in weather can be caused by a number of physical phenomena on the planet. So many things can affect the flow of air (from humidity to wind strength to temperature to landforms, like oceans and mountains) that it's sometimes hard to believe scientists can predict anything about it.
It may be easier to wrap your head around how weather moves and what happens when warm air rises if you think back to a few physics examples you may have heard once upon a time.
Hot air rises. As air rises, air pressure at the surface is lowered. Rising air expands and cools (adiabatic cooling: that is, it cools due to change in volume as opposed to adding or taking away of heat). The result is condensation/precipitation.
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with parsimony analysis the best or optimal tree is the one requiring the minimum number of character state changes.
True, With parsimony analysis the best or optimal tree is the one requiring the minimum number of character state changes.
What is parsimony analysis?The principle that the most straightforward explanation is always preferable is known as Occam's razor, from which parsimony derives. When characters are optimally mapped onto the diagrams, parsimony analyses (when successful) lead to cladograms (branching diagrams) with the fewest number of steps (character transformations).
Parsimony, in general, is the idea that the most straightforward explanation for the data should be chosen. According to the principle of parsimony in phylogenetic analysis, a relationship hypothesis that calls for the fewest character changes is the one that has the greatest chance of being accurate. These character changes are known as DNA mutations in the field of molecular systematics.
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Full question:
True or False
with parsimony analysis the best or optimal tree is the one requiring the minimum number of character state changes.
Research the etymology of the word okay or ok. Is ok a distinctly american term? what is the story of its origin?.
The origin of the word 'ok' or 'okay' is uncertain, but it is believed to have originated in the mid-19th century United States as a variant of the word 'all correct'. It is uncertain whether the word is of American origin or whether it was brought to the US by immigrants.
What is mean by etymology? Etymology is the study of the origin of words and how their meanings have changed over time. It is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the history of words and their development from earlier forms. Etymology looks at the way words have evolved from their earliest recorded forms to their current state, tracking changes in form, meaning, and usage. For example, the English word “cat” can be traced back to the Old English word “catt”, which in turn is derived from the Latin word “catus”. By tracing the development of words over time, etymologists can gain a better understanding of how languages have developed and evolved. Additionally, etymological research can help to shed light on the history of cultural practices and beliefs. Etymology can also provide insight into the way that words have come to have their current meanings, as well as their changing connotations over time.To learn more about etymology refer to:
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What evidence in pea plant crosses support Mendel's law of Independent Assortment?.
Traits created by dominant factors do not always emerge together when crossing pea plants that differ in two attributes.
Peas are readily cultivated in great quantities, and their reproduction may be controlled. Peas also have male and female reproductive organs, allowing them to self-pollinate in addition to cross-pollinate. Mendel is regarded as the father of genetics because to his seminal work on heredity in pea plants 150 years ago. Mendel launched a series of experiments just at monastery in 1856 to discover how features are handed down through the generations. It was considered at the time that the qualities of the parents were merged together in their offspring.
Mendel examined pea inheritance (Pisum sativum). He picked peas because they had previously been used in comparable trials, they are easy to cultivate, and they can be seeded every year. Pea blooms have both male and female components, known as stamen & stigma, and self-pollinate. Self-pollination occurs even before flowers open, resulting in offspring from a single plant.
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The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is
epidemiology
bioremediation
ecology
serology
chemotherapy
The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is (b). bioremediation is correct option .
A microorganism, often known as a microbe, is a microscopic-sized organism that can be either a single cell or a group of cells. Ancient texts, including those found in India's Jain scriptures from the sixth century BC, express suspicions about the potential existence of unseen microscopic life. When Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed microorganisms under a microscope in the 1670s, the scientific study of them had just begun. Louis Pasteur's discovery that bacteria were to blame for food rotting in the 1850s disproved the notion of spontaneous creation. Robert Koch made the discovery that bacteria were to blame for tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, and anthrax in the 1880s.
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HELP!!!!!!!
Selective breeding produce
fewer offpring, but thee offpring are exactly like the parent
trangenic organim that have foreign DNA inerted into the genome of interet
more offpring that are exactly like one of the parent. Deired trait in offpring, but thi i not guaranteed
Selective breeders can select parents to mate in order to produce offspring with desired qualities through a process called selective breeding. The following generation will display the desired characteristics.
Is it more or less likely that selective breeding will increase variation within an organism population?Future generations of selectively grown plants and animals will all have genes that are very similar as a result of selective breeding, reducing variance.
Can transgenesis compete with selective breeding?In this case, transgenesis is far more effective than selected breeding because the gene for the Bt toxin is present in a completely distinct creature, but selective breeding may only be utilized within the same or nearly related species.
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Selective breeding produce fewer offspring, but thee offspring are exactly like the parent transgenic organism that have foreign DNA inserted into the genome of interest more offspring that are exactly like one of the parent. Desired trait in offspring, but this is not guaranteed: (True)
What is Selective breeding?Selective breeding, also known as artificial selection, is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop specific phenotypic traits (characteristics). This is done by deciding which typically animal or plant males and females will reproduce sexually and produce offspring together. While domesticated plants are known as breeds or varieties and are typically bred by a professional breeder, domesticated animals are known as breeds.
A crossbreed is created when two identically bred animals of different breeds cross, and hybrid plants are created when plants are crossed. Major crops are typically the product of professionals, though amateurs and professionals with or without a profit motive may breed flowers, vegetables, and fruit trees.
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Full question:
State if the given statement is True or False.
Selective breeding produce fewer offspring, but thee offspring are exactly like the parent transgenic organism that have foreign DNA inserted into the genome of interest more offspring that are exactly like one of the parent. Desired trait in offspring, but this is not guaranteed.
What is the complimentary DNA sequence
for each of the following:
a) 5' TCGTAGGCT 3'
b) 3' CCGAATGCAT 5'
Answer:
a) 3' AGCATCCGA 5'
b) 5' GGCTTACGTA 3'
Explanation:
Based on complementary base pairing rules, T pairs with A, whereas C pairs with G.
In addition, because complementary strands run in complementary opposing directions, if the original sequence is in the 3' → 5' direction, our new strand is in the 5' → 3' direction, and the opposite for the original sequence that starts in the 5' → 3' direction.
Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe exceptmushroomyeastprotozoanbacteriumvirus
A mushroom is a type of microorganism.Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists, among others.
Since prions & viruses are generally regarded as non-living entities, they are not regarded as microorganisms. Viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungus, and protists are the five main types of microorganisms despite their truly remarkable diversity. For instance, yeasts, which are human fungi, are microbes, whereas filamentous fungi, such as mould or mushroom, were multicellular and thus not microorganisms.A mushroom is a type of microorganism.Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protists, among others. Viruses are the smallest microbes. Some calculations state that the rhinoviruses that cause the common cold—500 million of them—could fit on the top of a pin. Because they can only exist and reproduce within the cells of several other living beings, they are different from other living things.
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Is Fergus a time traveler?.
Not a democracy, the Roman Republic existed from 509 BC to 27 BC. Once again advocated the positive aspects of the Roman republican government around the close of the 20th century.
The topic becomes more complicated if something that resembles modern democracy is mentioned. Many historians of the 20th century discounted Polybius. The elite, not popular power, would have been in charge in reality. In addition to the legislatures of the tribes, curias, and centurias, there was the Senate, which was indirectly elected. Of the 35 tribes that were already there, four gathered the underprivileged employees in the city, while the other 31 were owned. British historian Fergus Millar, who believed that the people of Rome had been powerful, once again advocated the positive aspects of the Roman republican government around the close of the 20th century.
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Which would show an example of how physical changes are reversible
Answer:
An example would be a heterogenous mixture
Explanation:
Answer: Physical changes in matter are reversible: An ice cube can melt into liquid water, and then the liquid water can be frozen back into an ice cube.
Explanation: Hope this helps!! :))) Mark me brainliest!! :))
what happens to an enzyme during denaturation and can it be reversed?
Answer:
Reversing Denaturation.
Explanation:
Once the denaturing agent is removed, the original interactions between amino acids return the protein to its original conformation and it can resume its function. However, denaturation can be irreversible in extreme situations, like frying an egg
Two different mice with yellow coat colors mate and have a litter of 6 mice, what is the number of mice that will have both yellow color fur and diabetes?
The number of mice that will have yellow fur out of the six litter will be four(4) this is as a result of the genotype.
What is genotype?An organism's genotype is made up of all of its genetic components. The term "genotype" can also be used to describe the alleles or genetic variations that a person carries in a certain gene or genetic region.
The ploidy, or number of copies of each chromosome, found in that species, determines how many alleles a person can have for a given gene. In diploid organisms like humans, there are two complete sets of chromosomes, which means that each person has two alleles for each gene.
Homozygous refers to a genotype when both alleles are the same. Heterozygous refers to a genotype when there are two distinct alleles.
Phenotype, the observable qualities and attributes of an individual or creature, is influenced by genotype.
When a yellow mouse was crossed to another yellow mouse, the F1 generation produces yellow and brown-black mice in the ratio 2 : 1. The yellow mice are never homozygous.
Yy is the heterozygous genotype (one dominant allele, one recessive allele). The phenotype of this genotype is yellow seed color.
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_____ is a signal molecule that binds to an intracellular receptor
Hormone signal molecules are among the most prevalent kinds of molecules that bind to intracellular receptors.
Small hydrophobic signalling molecules with the ability to permeate across the plasma membrane elicit a response from these intracellular receptors. This class of signalling chemicals, which also comprises hormone insulin, vitamin D3, & retinoic acid, is best represented by the steroid hormones. Intracellular receptors, which include those for steroid hormones, lipid soluble vitamins, and tiny molecules like nitric oxide & hydrogen peroxide, need ligand that are membrane permeable. Macromolecules known as intracellular receptors can be found either as free, soluble parts of the cytoplasm or as parts of different intracellular compartments. These receptors work by being able to identify and bind particular ligands. Three categories of intercellular communication exist: cell-to-cell contact signalling, autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signalling. This signalling system is employed.
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In transport, molecules move from areas of concentration to concentration across a cell membrane, which requires no to be used. Diffusion, , and diffusion are examples of passive transport that the uses to move in and out of a cell.
In passive transport, molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration across a cell membrane, which requires no energy to be used. Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are examples of passive transport that the cell membrane uses to move molecules in and out of a cell.
What is passive transport? Passive transport is a type of transport that does not require energy, and does not require an external source of energy. Passive transport is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process is known as diffusion. Passive transport is also known as diffusion-driven transport.Passive transport is a natural process that occurs without any additional energy being supplied. It occurs as a result of the physical and chemical properties of the substances involved. The substances that are transported by passive transport are usually small molecules, such as water, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.The rate at which passive transport occurs depends on the concentration gradient of the substances, and the permeability of the membrane or material that the molecules are passing through. The concentration gradient is the difference in concentration between two areas. The higher the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.The membrane permeability is the rate at which molecules can pass through the membrane. If the membrane is very permeable, then the rate of diffusion will be faster. If the membrane is not permeable, then the rate of diffusion will be slower.To learn more about passive transport refer to:
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By 1900, the peppered moth populations in areas around English cities were as much as 98% dark moths? Why? Explain what was happening during this time in your own words. PLEASE RESPOND!!
Answer:
Scientists have discovered the specific mutation that famously turned moths black during the Industrial Revolution. In an iconic evolutionary case study, a black form of the peppered moth rapidly took over in industrial parts of the UK during the 1800s, as soot blackened the tree trunks and walls of its habitat.
The particular mutation that famously turned moths black during the Industrial Revolution has been identified by scientists.
What happened to the peppered moth populations?As soot darkened the tree trunks and walls of its environment in the 1800s, a black variant of the peppered moth quickly overtook it in industrial areas of the UK, providing a classic evolutionary case study.
Up to 98% of peppered moth populations in areas surrounding English cities were black and 2% were light.
The peppered moth's evolution is an example of how air pollution during the Industrial Revolution caused directional color changes in the moth population.
Therefore, at that time, a manifestation of industrial melanism was the rise in the number of dark-colored moths.
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What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism?
Development
Homeostasis
Reproduction
Evolution
Homeostasis describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism. So option B is correct.
It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism, despite changes in external conditions. This is accomplished through a variety of physiological processes, such as the regulation of body temperature, blood sugar levels, and pH.
Homeostasis helps the organism to survive and function efficiently in its environment by maintaining a balance of the various internal conditions necessary for its survival.
Homeostasis is a dynamic process, which means that it is continuously adapting and changing in response to the internal and external environment.
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first and longest phase of mitosis where chromatin coils into visible chromosomes____
Prophase is the term for the first and longest stage of mitosis.
What are chromosomes?Chromosomes are lengthy, coiled structures consisting of DNA and proteins that are located in the nucleus of a cell. They hold the genetic material and act as the carriers of genetic information in cells.
How does chromatin coils into chromosomes?The chromatin in the cell's nucleus starts to coil and condense during prophase, generating the observable chromosomes. Two sister chromatids that are identical to one another make up each chromosome, and the centromere holds them together. The chromatids are identical genetic copies of one another that are duplicated. Due to the time needed for the chromatin to condense and coil into chromosomes, which can take several minutes depending on the cell type, prophase is the longest phase of mitosis.
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What is another process that can make this type of energy when oxygen is not present?
The process that can make this type of energy when oxygen is not present is fermentation.
Fermentation is the process that refers to the metabolic process by which organic molecules are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis allows cell to make small amounnts of ATP through the process of fermentation. ATP also known as adenosine triphosphate, is a molecule that carries energy within the cells.
The process of fermentation comes under the anaerobic processes. These processes are complex and take place in the absence of oxygen. Bacteria like protozoa and anaerobic fungi is mostly involved in the process.
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*WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST*
1. Explain how ecosystems could be impacted from each indicator of climate change
A.) the rising atmospheric temps tires have contributed to warning of the ocean e increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also gets absorbed into oceans increasing its acidity
Answer:
The best indicator of ecological changes, as far as an aquatic ecosystem is considered is the primary producers - Phytoplanktons. The changes with them directly and indirectly affect that ecosystem as a whole.
Explanation:
How doe the double helix tructure of dna explain how doe he molecule can be copied or replicated
The double helix of DNA. Hydrogen bonds break down as helixes open. Each DNA strand acts as a template for the construction of a new, complementary strand. Replication results in the formation of two identical DNA double helices, each with one new and one old strand.
How does DNA's double helix influence how easily it may be copied?For its own duplication, the DNA double helix serves as a template. Because the nucleotide A will only pair with T and the nucleotide G will only pair with C, each strand of DNA can be used as a template to determine the nucleotide order of its complementary strand.
How does DNA replicate?A replication fork is the location of the DNA replication, where the double helix is split open. After the strands have been split, the base-pairing rule is used by an enzyme called DNA polymerase to copy each strand.
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