Nitric acid (HNO3) is a colorless, fuming, and extremely corrosive liquid with freezing and boiling points of 42 and 181 degrees Celsius, respectively. that is a popular laboratory reagent and an important industrial.
HNO3 undergoes what kind of reaction?Neutralization is a chemical process that happens when an acid is put to a base. Nitric acid, HNO3, reacting with the basic potassium hydroxide, KOH, is one example.
Is HNO3 acidic when dissolved in water?Acids such as hydrochloric acid (H C l), nitric acid (H N O 3), and others exhibit an acidic nature as a result of their dissolution in aqueous solutions and generation of hydrogen ions. The acidic character of the compounds is caused by this hydrogen ion.
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Nitric acid (HNO3) has a freezing point of 42 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 181 degrees Celsius. It is a whitish, fuming, and very corrosive liquid. It is a well-liked and crucial industrial reagent for laboratories.
What sort of reaction occurs with HNO3?When such an acid is added to a base, a chemical reaction called neutralization takes place. One example is the reaction of nitric acid (HNO3) and the basic potassium nitrate (KOH).
HNO3 dissolved in water is it acidic?Because they dissolve in aqueous phase and produce hydrogen ions, acids like hcl (H C l), potassium nitrate (H 4-hydroxy N 3), and many others have an acidic character. This hydrogen ion is what gives the compounds their acidic nature.
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plese hurrry Which of the following best describes a predator/prey relationship in the forest? 100 points.
Question 8 options:
mistletoe growing on a Mesquite tree
a deer eating the green leaves and berries on a holly bush
bacteria and mold break down fallen leaves on the forest floor
a spotted owl swoops down and captures a mouse
Answer: A spotted owl swoops down and captures a mouse
Explanation: The owl is the predator and the prey is the mouse. :)
Answer:
A spotted owl swoops down and captures a mouse best describes a predator/prey relationship in the forest.what mass of copper would be deposited if a 1.5 a current is passed through an aqueous solution of copper(ii) sulfate for 4.0 minute
0.12g Cu
The rate of flow of charge, measured in amperes, can be represented as coulombs per second.
4.0 minutes x 4.0 min x (60 s / 1 min) x (1.5 coulomb / 1s) x (1 mol e- / 96485 coulomb) x (1 mol Cu / 2 mol e-) x (63.55g Cu / 1 mol Cu) equals 0.1186g Cu.
Approximately 0.12g Cu.
Apply the unit-factor approach as known as dimensional analysis. You can reach the solution with a one-line setup and a series of computations.
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what volume of an hcl solution with a ph of 1.3 can be neutralized by one dose of milk of magnesia? If the stomach contains 220 mL of pH 1.3 solution, will all the acid be neutralized?
Milk of magnesia is often taken to reduce the discomfort associated with acid stomach or heartburn. The recommended dose is 1 teaspoon, which contains 4.00×102mg of Mg(OH)2.
One dose of milk of magnesia needs to be neutralized with 0.35 L of HCl at a pH of 1.3
From the pH, we may calculate the hydrogen ion concentration as follows;
pH equals -log[H+]
Antilog: [H+] (-pH)
Antilog = [H+] (-1.3)
[H^+] = 0.0398 M
The reaction equation is now;
Milk of Magnesia with 2HCl leads to MgCl2 plus 2H2O.
Mg[tex](OH_{2} )[/tex] reaction mass is 4.00102mg or 0.4 g.
Mg[tex](OH_{2} )[/tex] moles are equal to 0.4 g/58 g/mol, or 0.00689 moles.
If two moles of HCl and one mole of Milk of Magnesia react, Mg[tex](OH_{2} )[/tex] interacts with 0.00689 moles of 0.00689 moles of 2 moles/1 mole.
equals 0.0138 moles of HCl
Observe that
Number of moles = volume concentration
Volume equals moles times concentration
Volume is 0.0138 moles per 0.0398 M.
Amount = 0.35 L
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Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel?
A
The figure presents a particle diagram consisting of 12 large unshaded circles, which represent C atoms and 6 small shaded circles, which represent F e atoms. The large C atoms are arranged in a 3 by 4 array. The small F e atoms are located throughout this lattice, at every intersection of four large C atoms.
B
The figure presents a particle diagram consisting of 12 large unshaded circles, which represent F e atoms and 6 small shaded circles, which represent C atoms. The large F e atoms are arranged in a 3 by 4 array. The small C atoms are located throughout this lattice, at every intersection of four large F e atoms.
C
The figure presents a particle diagram consisting of 6 unshaded circles, which represent C atoms and 6 shaded circles, which represent F e atoms. The circles are all the same size and are in a 3 by 4 array, alternating between F e atoms and C atoms. Rows 1 and 3 begin with a F e atom, and row 2 begins with a C atom.
D
The figure presents a particle diagram consisting of 6 large unshaded circles and 3 small unshaded circles, which represent C atoms, and 6 large shaded circles and 3 small shaded circles, which represent F e atoms. The large C and F e atoms are in a 3 by 4 array, alternating between F e atoms and C atoms. Rows 1 and 3 begin with a F e atom, and row 2 begins with C atom. The small C and F e atoms are located throughout this lattice, at every intersection of four large atoms. The small atoms alternate between C and F e atoms, such that the first row of intersections begins with a C atom, and the second row of intersections begins with a Fe atom.
Steel is an interstitial alloy made from Carbon and iron atoms. It is usually composed of 98-99% Iron and 1-2% Carbon. The possible answer here will be option B.
As we said Steel is an interstitial alloy, not a substitutional. So option D is not possible. The iron atoms are larger in size, so depicting both Iron and Carbon as equal size is not correct. Thus option c cannot be the structure. Also in the case of option A, if we examine it, the percentage amount and size of the atom will be problematic. This gives us the only possible answer B.
As we said steel is an interstitial alloy, which in a particle level structure will show 12 large iron atoms, arranged in a 3 by 4 array and carbon atoms are present in the intersection of four Iron atoms. Small carbon atoms will be seen throughout the lattice.
So the answer will be option B.
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given the following reaction caco3 -> cao co2. if grams of cac03 react to produce 85% yield of carbon dioxide, what would the exprerimental yield be
The experimental yield of carbon dioxide would be 85% of the amount of calcium carbonate that reacted.
What is carbon dioxide?Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring gas composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. It is the most significant of the greenhouse gases, responsible for about 63% of the total global warming effect. Carbon dioxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, through respiration, and is also released during land-use changes such as deforestation. Carbon dioxide is essential to life on earth, as it is a major component of photosynthesis, which helps plants to grow. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts as a blanket that traps infrared radiation, causing the global temperature to rise.
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In the following reactions: C3H8 + 5O2--> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O If you wanted to produce 9 moles of CO2, how many moles of C3H8 would you need
9 moles of CO2 would require 9 moles of C3H8 since the ratio of C3H8 to CO2 is 1:3. This is because the balanced chemical equation for the reaction is C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O. This equation shows that for every 1 mole of C3H8, there will be 3 moles of CO2 produced.
Furthermore, the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products indicate the relative amounts of each reactant and product in the reaction. Hence, reaction stoichiometry can be used to calculate the amount of each reactant or product needed to produce a desired amount of product.
This is especially useful in determining the amount of a reactant needed to produce a certain amount of product. In this case, the stoichiometry of the equation indicates that 9 moles of C3H8 would be needed to produce 9 moles of CO2.
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On a hot day, Ava got herself a carbonated beverage. She knew from her science class that carbonated drinks had carbon dioxide in them. When she first opened it, there were lots of bubbles. However, as her drink got warmer, she noticed that there were fewer bubbles in it. Choose the words to finish the sentence correctly. In general, as the temperature increases, the solubility of solids increases , while the solubility of gases increases .
As her drink got warmer, she noticed that there were fewer bubbles in it because as temperature increases, pressure also increases and vice versa.
Why there were less bubbles in the warmer bottle?Using a derivative of the combined gas law we can explain that is happening in both the cases.
Assuming that volume is constant which is predicated on the bottle shape and structure, pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with absolute temperature.
As temperature increases, pressure also increases and vice versa. The bottle at a higher temperature has a higher pressure of gas and the bottle at lesser temperature has a reduced pressure inside.
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Silver nitrate has a lattice energy of -820. kJ/mol and a heat of solution of +22.6 kJ/mol Delta hydration = ___________ kJ/mol
Silver nitrate has a heat of hydration of -797.4 kJ/mol.
What is heat of hydration?The heat produced when water reacts with cement powder in contact is known as the heat of hydration. The cement composition, curing temperature, water to cement ratio, and cement fineness all affect how much heat is released. The amount of energy generated during the hydration process of one mole of ions is known as the heat of hydration. It is a particular kind of dissolution energy, and water is the solvent. The heat of hydration is a crucial component of mass concrete (ACI 207.1R). In order to reduce cracking, measures must be taken to deal with the heat generated during the hydration of the cement and the resulting volume change. Mass concrete is any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to necessitate such measures.
Here,
In the case of silver nitrate, the heat of hydration is -797.4 kJ/mol.
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Predict the products when 1-propanol is heated in the presence of an acid? There are two products. I have one of them 1-propene, what is the second product?
When 1-propanol is heated in the presence of an acid, the reaction produces two products: 1-propene and water.
This reaction is known as an ether cleavage, and it is commonly used in the production of propene and other hydrocarbons.
It is an exothermic reaction, meaning that the heat generated from the reaction increases the rate of the reaction.
The other product of this reaction is water, which is produced when hydrogen from the 1-propanol molecule is removed and replaced with a hydroxyl group.
This reaction is an example of an acid-catalyzed dehydration, where an alcohol molecule is converted into an alkene molecule by the removal of the OH group and the addition of a hydrogen atom from the acid. The overall reaction is: C3H7OH + H2O → C3H6 + H3O+.
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Which piece of lab equipment would be most useful for the following task: Heat a beaker of water when a gas line is not available to power any equipment?
answer choices
Hot plate
Digital scale
Beaker
Mortar and pestle
To heat a beaker of water when a gas line is not present we can use hot plate instead in the given scenario.
In the laboratory, hot plates are frequently used for a variety of tasks, including heating samples and conducting chemical reactions. The idea of a hot plate is straightforward: it is a flat surface with heating elements. They are suitable for use in oil or sand baths and do not produce open flames. When heating samples, the hot plate system with a stirrer offers greater temperature uniformity. For precise temperature heating in chemistry and biology, a laboratory hot plate is typically used. Use aluminium plates if you need to work with temperatures between 300 and 400 degrees Celsius as your maximum required working temperature.
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TuN OF POINTS
Water has many unique properties, such as cohesion, adhesion, high boiling point, and high surface tension. Which of the following explains why water has these properties?
dipole-dipole interactions within the water molecule
covalent bonds between the oxygen of one molecule and the hydrogen of another molecule
attraction between the partial charges on separate water molecules
covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen within water molecules
Answer:
Covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen within water molecules.
a solution is made by dissocling 100 grams of colbat(ii) chloride in 250 grams of water to make a solution that has a density of 1.25g/ml. calculate the molality of the solution
100 gram of cobalt and chloride in 250 gram of water to make solution that its density 1.25g/ml then the molarity of the solution will be 2.42m and 2.16 M.
Determine some important information:
Solute = CoCl₃ (molar mass = 165.29 g/m); mass of 100 g
Solvent = Water, mass of 250 g
Solution of mass = mass of CoCl₃ + mass of water
250 gram + 100 gram = 350 gram of solution
If we want to reach a molarity (mol/L), let's determine solution volume with its density:
Solution of density = solution mass / volume of solution
1.25 g/mL = 350 g / volume of solution
Volume of solution = 350 g / 1.25 g/mL = 280 mL
Let's convert the volume into Liter → 280 mL = 0.280L
Let's convert the mass of a solute into moles = 100 g / 165.29 g/m →0.605 mol
Mol/L = 0.605 mol / 0.280 L = 2.16 M
Now let's to calculate the molalilty (mol/kg of solvet)
We must to convert mass of a solvent into kg → 250g = 0.250 kg
Then, 0.605 mol / 0.250 kg =2.42 m
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C. If you were to measure out 0.0237 moles of potassium nitrate into a clear, dry cup. How
many grams are in this sample? Show your work in the space below.
Molar mass of KNO3:.
If you were to measure out 0.0237 moles of potassium nitrate into a clear, dry cup. 2.4 grams are in this sample. Molar mass of KNO₃ is 101.11g/mol.
What is molar mass ?The term molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of the compound.
Molar mass of KNO₃ = 39.10 + 14.01 + 16 (3)
= 101.11g/mol
Mass (m) = ?
Molar mass (M) = 101.11g/mol
Number of moles (N) = 0.0237 moles
n = m / M
m = 0.0237 × 101.11
= 2.4 grams
Thus, If you were to measure out 0.0237 moles of potassium nitrate into a clear, dry cup. 2.4 grams are in this sample. Molar mass of KNO₃ is 101.11g/mol.
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• The vapour preure of the ketone carvone (M= 150. 2 g
mol-1), a component of oil of pearmint, i a follow:
θ/°C 57. 4 100. 4 133. 0 157. 3 203. 5 227. 5
p/Torr 1. 00 10. 0 40. 0 100 400 760
What are (a) the normal boiling point and (b) the enthalpy
of vaporization of carvone?
Carvone boils at 227 °C when its vapour pressure reaches 760 mmHg, which is normal pressure
What does vapour pressure mean?Vapour pressure rises with temperature and is a measurement of a substance's propensity to transform into a gaseous or vapour state. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the pressure exerted by its surroundings equals the vapour pressure present at the liquid's surface.
What makes vapour pressure so crucial?An indicator of a chemical's volatility is vapour pressure. Authorities and professionals frequently use it to forecast airborne chemical concentrations, occupational exposure, and environmental releases to the atmosphere. Data on vapour pressure is also necessary as a prerequisite for studies involving animals and the environment.
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.
Identification of the phenolic compounds contributing to antibacterial activity in ethanol extracts of Brazilian red propolis
Red propolis is a complex bee product. It is a resin produced by Apis mellifera bees and studies show that they have various beneficial properties.
The extraction of compounds can be done using water or ethanol. The components extracted depend upon the solvent used. Red propolis has characteristic phenolic compounds. They seem to have a wide range of activity from antibacterial to antifungal to antioxidant properties. The most activity was shown in extracts using aqueous solutions of ionic liquids or eutectic solvents.
The main compounds found in Red propolis are daidzein, formononetin, biochanin, medicarpin, neoflavanoids, chalcones, and flavonols, the characteristic red color of the product is due to pigments called retusapurpurins. Extracts having a high content of flavonoids shows high antioxidant activity. Extracts seem to have effects on commonly encountered cocci and Gram-positive rods, such as human tubercle bacillus, but only limited activity against Gram-negative bacilli.
So Brazilian red propolis seems to affect Gram-positive rods and commonly seen cocci.
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when water changes from solid to liquid, the h2o particles present in the solid form become h2o particles in the liquid form. during this process there is in the chemical composition of the substance. this is defined as a(n) change.
Because HNO3 is a potent acid, it totally ionizes to produce the H+ and NO3- ions. Phenolphthalein's base color is pink, while its acid color is less colorful. ·
Which of the following describes hno3's characteristics?Nitric acid (HNO3) is an industrial chemical used in the production of fertilizers and explosives. It is a colorless, fuming, and extremely corrosive liquid with boiling and freezing points of 83 and 42 degrees Celsius, respectively. It is poisonous and can result in serious burns.
HNO3 undergoes what kind of reaction?Neutralization is a chemical process that happens when an acid is put to a base. Nitric acid, HNO3, reacting with the basic potassium hydroxide, KOH, is one example.
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HNO3 is a strong acid, therefore it completely ionizes to form the ions H+ and NO3-. The acid hue of phenolphthalein is less vibrant and has a pink base tone.
If any of the following best sums up the traits of hno3?An industrial chemical called nitric acid (HNO3) is used to make explosives and fertilizers. It has a boiling point of 83 degrees Celsius and a freezing point of 42 degrees Celsius. It is a translucent, fuming, and exceedingly corrosive liquid. It is noxious and highly burning.
What sort of reaction occurs with HNO3?When such an acid is added to a base, a chemical reaction called neutralization takes place. One example is the reaction of nitric acid (HNO3) and the basic caustic soda (KOH).
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Energy stored in bonds of molecules is called:
a. chemical
b. nuclear
c. light
d. none of these
Answer:
a. chemical
Explanation:
Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.
ou found an unknown substance and it is green-blue in color, it is a solid, and is not malleable. the unknown substance has a melting point of 24.3 oc and a density of 5.621 g/m3. the unknown sample is flammable and reacts with oxygen gas to form an oxide. how many physical properties are described in the scenario?
The following physical properties of the unknown substance are described in the scenario: Color: green-blue, State: solid, Malleability: not malleable, Melting point: 24.3 oC, Density: 5.621 g/m3 and Flammability: flammable.
Therefore, six physical properties are described in the scenario.
What do you mean by physical properties of chemical substance?Properties that can be defined without altering the arrangement of a substance are known as physical properties. Features such as melting point, boiling point, density, colour, solubility, odor, etc. are physical properties.
What do you mean by the chemical properties of a substance?A chemical property is a feature of a substance that may be observed when it takes part in a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability, chemical stability, toxicity, and heat of combustion.
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A block of granite has a mass of 660 g. It is heated to 155˚C and placed in a container of water at 25˚C. After a few minutes, the temperature of the water has reached a maximum of 88˚C. How many grams of water are in the container?
The mass of water in the container that contains a block of granite of mass 660g is 132.53g.
How to calculate mass using calorimetry?Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat absorbed or evolved during the course of a chemical reaction or change of state.
The mass of the granite in this question can be calculated using the following formula;
Q = mc∆T
Where;
m = mass c = specific heat capacity∆T = change in temperaturemc∆T (water) = - (mc∆T) {granite}
m × 4.184 × {88 - 25} = - {660 × 0.79 × (88 - 155)
263.592m = 34,933.8
m = 132.53g
Therefore, 132.53g is the mass of the water in the container.
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a chemist measures the amount of hydrogen gas produced during an experiment. she finds that 66.1 g of hydrogen gas is produced. calculate the number of moles of hydrogen gas produced. round your answer to 3 significant digits.
368 g of hydrogen gas is produced. calculate the number of moles of hydrogen gas produced.
Where is hydrogen found?It is found in the sun and most of the stars, and the planet Jupiter is composed mostly of hydrogen. On Earth, hydrogen is found in the greatest quantities as water. It is present as a gas in the atmosphere only in tiny amounts – less than 1 part per million by volume.
What is hydrogen used for?Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity, or power and heat. Today, hydrogen is most commonly used in petroleum refining and fertilizer production, while transportation and utilities are emerging markets.
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Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation?
Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation is one
Cells primarily employ adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, as their source of energy. It can be broken down to liberate the energy held in its phosphate bonds, which have a lot of energy. In the first stage of the citric acid cycle, isocitrate is changed into alpha-ketoglutarate, which causes substrate-level phosphorylation to produce one molecule of NADH.
The remaining phases of the citric acid cycle use the NADH and FADH2 created during the cycle to make ATP through the electron transport chain rather than substrate-level phosphorylation. Therefore, one isocitrate molecule can only be converted into one ATP molecule through substrate-level phosphorylation.
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The chemical reaction that causes aluminum to corrode in air is given by
4Al+3O2?2Al2O3
in which at 298 K
?Hrxn? = ?3352 kJ
?Srxn = ?625.1 J/K
What is the standard Gibbs free energy for this reaction? Assume the commonly used standard reference temperature of 298 K?
What is the Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5975K ? Assume that ?H and ?S do not change with temperature.
At what temperature, Teq, do the forward and reverse corrosion reactions occur in equilibrium?
This reaction has a standard gibbs free energy of 3538.2798 kJ. The reaction's Gibbs free energy at 5975 K is 7086.97 kJ.
What is gibbs free energy?The Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential in thermodynamics that can be used to determine the maximum amount of work that a thermodynamically closed system is capable of performing at constant temperature and pressure.
Here,
The formula for the gibbs free energy is:
ΔG° = ΔH° - T * ΔS°
⇒with ΔG° = the gibbs free energy for this reaction = TO BE DETERMINED
⇒with ΔH° = the standard enthalpy of the reaction =3352 kJ
⇒with T = the temperature of the reaction in Kelvin = 298 K
⇒with ΔS° = standard entropy of the reaction = 625.1 J/K
ΔG° = 3352 kJ - 298 K* (0.6251 kJ/K)
ΔG° = 3352 kJ + 186.28kJ
ΔG° = 3538.2798 kJ
Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5975K,
ΔG° = 3352 kJ - 5975K* (0.6251 kJ/K)
ΔG° = 3352 kJ + 3734.97kJ
ΔG° =7086.97 kJ
The standard gibbs free energy for this reaction is 3538.2798 kJ. Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5975K is 7086.97 kJ.
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locate the main groups of elements in each column on the periodic table, and identify the number of valence electrons there are in each element in a particular group. infer why some elements are more reactive than others due to their number of valence electrons. interpret and describe an example of a chemical formula. summarize the two parts a chemical formula must have. why do atoms bond? describe examples of the two ways elements complete their valence shell through bonding.
Number of valence electrons determine how fast/easy for an atom to gain stability. Either by gaining electrons or losing electrons. Group 1 & 7 elements react fast because they only have 1 electron to gain or lose.
What does the term "element" mean to you?A chemical substance is a species of atoms, such as the pure substance made entirely of that species, with a specific amount of protons in their nuclei. Chemical elements, in contrast to compounds, cannot be converted either by chemical reaction into simpler substances.
What are the 20 crucial elements?The first twenty elements include metals such as lithium, beryllium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, and calcium. The non-metals in the first twenty are hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, and argon.
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An electron is placed just above the surface of the Earth. In which direction (upwards or downwards) must an electric field be applied to keep the electron stationary?
answer choices
upwards
downwards
The Earth's surface is covered with an electron. To maintain the electron immobile, an electric field must always be applied downward.
Who or what is an electron?A negative charge subatomic particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom. One of the three main types nuclear particles within an atom is an ion that is bonded to it; some other two are neutrons and protons.
In how many atoms do electrons consist?For dispassionately charged species, the concentration of electrons within an atom is similar to the atomic weight of an element. This indicates that an element has an equal amount of both protons and electrons. Consequently, oxygen contains 8 electrons.
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What is the relationship between the following two molecules? HOH Select one: a. Enantiomers b. Diastereomers c. Identical d. Constitutional Isomers ere to search
The relationship between the two molecules is as shown in the diagram attached which are diasetreomers.
Optical isomers are the stereoisomers that are non superimposable mirror images of each other and differ in the direction with which they rotate plane-polarised light. They are said to be “chiral” (handed) and referred to as enantiomers or enantiomorphs of each other.
An object or a system is chiral if it differs from its mirror image, and its mirror image can not be superimposed on the original object. A molecule can be chiral only if it lacks an improper axis of rotation- that is, a rotation-reflection axis (Sn).
However, molecule can also be considered as chiral if it doesn’t possess a center or plane of symmetry. The later criterion must be applied carefully, because some molecule may lack both center and plane of symmetry but still have superimposable mirror image, means compound is achiral.
Hence, the correct option is B.
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a sample of an ideal gas at atm and l is allowed to expand against a constant external pressure of atm at a constant temperature. calculate the work in units of kj for the gas expansion.
The work for the gas expansion from a sample of an ideal gas at 15.0 atm and 10.0 L that is allowed to expand against constant external pressure of 2.00 atm at a constant temperature is calculated as 13.2 kJ.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle's law is an experimental gas law that describes relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.
Given, Initial pressure = 15.0 atm ; Initial volume = 10.0 L and Final external pressure = 2.00 atm
Using the equation for Boyle's Law ; P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
(15.0 atm × 10.0 L) = (2.00 atm × V₂)
V₂ = (15 * 10)/2
So, V₂ = 75.0 L
change in the volume, ΔV = V₂ - V₁
ΔV = 75.0 L - 10.0 L
So, ΔV = 65.0 L
As, W = -PΔV
P , external pressure = 2.00 atm
W = -(2.00 atm × 65.0 L)
So, W = -130 L. atm
W= -130 * (101.3/1)
W = 13169 J
Hence, W = 13.2 kJ
Therefore, work for the gas expansion is 13.2 kJ
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question : sample of an ideal gas at 15.0 atm and 10.0 l is allowed to expand against a constant external pressure of 2.00 atm at a constant temperature. calculate the work in units of kj for the gas expansion.
S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O In the above equation, how many grams of water can be made when 168.3 grams of HNO3 are consumed?
Since the molar mass of water is 18.02 grams, then the amount of water that can be produced is 2 × 18.02 = 36.04 grams. This means that when 168.3 grams of HNO3 is consumed, 36.04 grams of water can be produced.
The reaction equation also shows that 6 moles of HNO3 are needed to create 1 mole of water. This means that for every 6 grams of HNO3 consumed, 1 gram of water can be produced. Therefore, when 168.3 grams of HNO3 are consumed, 168.3/6 = 28.05 grams of water can be produced.
In order to calculate the number of grams of water that can be produced from a given amount of HNO3, it is important to know the molar mass of both the reactants and the products. This is because the molar mass can be used to convert the amount of reactant into the amount of product. In the equation given above, when 168.3 grams of HNO3 are consumed, 36.04
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why is carbon especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules?
The significance of carbon bonding in biological molecules because it enables the synthesis of a variety of chemical compounds that are necessary for the survival and proper functioning of all living things.
Because it is the foundation for the structural and functional variety of biological molecules, carbon bonding plays a crucial role in these molecules. Carbon is a remarkable element that may be used to make a diverse range of chemical compounds because it can form stable covalent bonds with so many different elements, including other carbon atoms, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus. Carbon-based compounds make up the majority of biological molecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These molecules are important for all living organisms to function and live.
Carbohydrates like sugars and starches are the primary energy source for all living things. Their structure is composed of covalently bonded simple carbohydrates like glucose and fructose. Fats and oils are lipids that are essential for the development of cell membranes as well as energy storage and insulation. Covalent bonds hold the fatty acids that make up their structure together. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA make up the genetic material found in all living organisms. They are composed of nucleotides, which are connected by covalent bonds and are in charge of storing and transmitting genetic information. Proteins are essential for structure, regulation, and catalytic reactions in living things. The amino acids that makeup them are joined together by peptide bonds in their construction.
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at a certain time, the partial pressure of the gases in the reaction mixture represented above had the values shown in the table below. based on the information above, which of the following occurred as the reaction mixture moved toward equilibrium? (a) morewas produced because the rate of the forward reaction was higher than the rate of the reverse reaction. (b) more was produced because the rate of the reverse reaction was higher than the rate of the forward reaction. (c) morewas produced because the total pressure of the and combined was higher than that of the products; thus the reaction shifted to the side with the fewest number of moles of gas. (d) more was produced because the pressure of was the least and the reaction shifted to the side with the smaller number of moles of gas
A partial pressure of a gases inside the reaction mixture depicted above reached the levels based on (a) more at a certain point because the forward reaction's rate was greater than its reverse reaction's rate.
What is a mixture?A mixture is a substance created by mixing two or more distinct ingredients without causing a chemical reaction to take place. Usually, a combination may be broken down again into its constituent parts. When two or more substances come together physically rather than chemically, a mixture is created. Basic characteristics of a mixture: The components of a combination can be easily separated. The components each preserve their original properties. The components' relative weights vary.
What is a mixture example?A combination of organic substances known as crude oil (mainly hydrocarbons) Seawater is a combination of different salts and water. An amalgam of different gases, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, neon, etc., is called air. A blend of colored dyes is called ink. Carbon, potassium nitrate, and sulfur are the main ingredients in gunpowder.
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From your knowledge about the distribution of electrons in the levels and from the atomic number (in parentheses), indicate the most likely charge on the ion when this atom forms an ion. (Remember the 2, 8, 18 level distribution.)
The most likely charge on the ion when this atom forms an ion O⁻².
Actually any atom tries to reach its nearest noble gas electron distribution, which is 8 electrons in its last shell (2 in case of helium). To achieve the total of 8 electrons in its last shell an atom takes up or gives up electrons.
Like in case of oxygen, it has 6 electrons in its last shell, thus generally takes up 2 more electrons to achieve the electron distribution of noble gas neon(10) and it can be written as O⁻².
Now when an atom takes up electron it becomes electronegative(because of more negative charged entities in it i.e, electrons) and when one gives up electron it becomes electropositive(because of extra positive charged entities in it i.e, proton).
But there can be some extra valencies other than the most stable one(which has the noble gas configuration). For example, oxygen has valencies of +1, +2, -1 other than -2(most stable).
Your question is incomplete most probably your full question was
From your knowledge about the distribution of electrons in their shells and from the atomic number (in parentheses), indicate the most likely charge on the ion when this atom forms an ion. (Remember the 2-8-18 shell distribution.) Oxygen (8) +1 +2 -2 -1
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