It is the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis.
What is phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle, giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.
Opsonization refers to the process or molecular mechanism that uses opsonins to make a molecule (e.g. antigen) palatable to the phagocyte. For instance, opsonins (e.g. antibodies) bind to the surface of the bacterial cell.
Examples of opsonins are antibody molecules such as the IgM that are capable of activating the complement system to increase the susceptibility of antigens to phagocytosis.
Apart from phagocytosis, opsonization can also promote antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
To learn more, phagocytosis click the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/11668321
#SPJ4
If you want to protect the plants from insect damage, should you encouraged birds to forage on the plants, or put netting over the plants to keep birds out? explain your reasoning.
To avoid pest damage, foraging is encouraged on crops.
Birds should be encouraged to forage on crops because they are a natural predator of many harmful insect species. By allowing birds to forage on the plants, insect populations will decline, which will lessen plant damage.
Pest management or pest control is a process for getting rid of or controlling unwanted animals like pests. Rodents, cockroaches, termites, bedbugs, poisonous spiders, and other vermin are some of the pests that pest control services remove.
To know more about pest control, click here,
brainly.com/question/1374168
#SPJ4
the division of a species or subspecies into immunologic types based on the antibody reaction to cell wall, flagellum, or capsule antigens is known as
The division of a species or subspecies into immunologic types based on the antibody reaction to cell wall, flagellum, or capsule antigens is known as bacteria.
What are bacteria?
Bacteria are known as unicellular organisms and they perform a function of digesting nutrients and other important nutrients in order to run the living cycle as well as the ecosystem. Bacteria are considered as good decomposers and they generally decomposes the waste materials.
The decomposers are considered as the living thing that feeds on and breaks down plant and animal matter into simpler parts or substances. decomposer. The thin layer that has been formed the outer covering of the cell has been known as the cell membrane. It has been composed of the lipid bilayer which has a embedded proteins.
Therefore, The division of a species or subspecies into immunologic types based on the antibody reaction to cell wall, flagellum, or capsule antigens is known as bacteria.
Learn more about bacteria on:
brainly.com/question/8008968
#SPJ1
how can materials move from one vessel element to the next
Nutrients travel from cell to cell in a liquid stream through the numerous tiny holes in the end walls of vessel tube components.
What is vessel tube?
An organ that carries blood is called a blood vessel. Blood that is oxygenated leaves the left side of the heart and flows into the aorta. The aorta divides into arteries, which further divide into more compact arterioles. The smallest blood vessels, the capillaries, are supplied with blood and oxygen by arterioles.
Because they are so tiny, capillaries are only visible under a microscope. The capillary walls are permeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen. From the capillary, oxygen travels to the cells of the tissues and organs. Carbon dioxide enters the capillaries from the cells.
To learn more about vessel tube from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/24181670
#SPJ9
viruses are agents that can infect all cell types; choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.
Using the theories of viruses, we got that viruses are agents that can infect all cell types, the correct answer to complete each sentence are:
Viruses can infect all types of cells.
Numerous viruses infect bacteria. They are called influenza.
Fewer viruses have been discovered that infect the other domain of prokaryotes, the cells eukaryotic
Viruses have been classified into the numerous families based primarily on archaea structure, life cycle, morphology, and genetic relatedness.
A virus is the small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all the types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including the bacteria and fungi. According to the type of host they infect, viruses are classified mainly into the following four types:
(a) Plant viruses including the algal viruses-RNA DNA
(b) Animal viruses including human viruses- DNA/RNA
(c) Fungal viruses(Mycoviruses)-ds RNA
(d) Bacterial viruses (Bacteriophages) including cyanophages.
Hence, viruses are agents that can infect all cell types, the correct answer to complete each sentence are :
Viruses can infect all types of cells.
Numerous viruses infect bacteria. They are called influenza.
Fewer viruses have been discovered that infect the other domain of prokaryotes, the cells eukaryotic
Viruses have been classified into numerous families based primarily on archaea structure, life cycle, morphology, and genetic relatedness.
To know more about viruses, visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/13588519
#SPJ4
(Complete question) is:
viruses are agents that can infect all cell types; choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.
Viruses can infect all types of _________
Numerous viruses infect bacteria. They are called _________
Fewer viruses have been discovered that infect the other domain of prokaryotes, the cells _______
Viruses have been classified into the numerous families based primarily on _________ structure, life cycle, morphology, and genetic _________.
If the rna transcript 5′‑augaucggaucgauccau‑3′ is translated codon by codon from one end to the other, which of the polypeptides would correspond to this part of the mrna?.
The polypeptides that would correspond to this part of the mRNA are NH2- Met-Ile-Gly-Ser-Ile-His -COOH.
A polypeptide, or chain of amino acids, is created during translation by "decoding" a messenger RNA (mRNA). A polypeptide is essentially just a protein for most purposes (with the technical difference being that some large proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains).
Translation gets started as soon as the mRNA binds to the ribosome. The transcribed mRNA is paired with particular tRNA molecules that are each connected to a corresponding amino acid during translation.
Proteins are made by joining several amino acids together to form polypeptides. The bonding of two or more polypeptides results in the formation of proteins, which are then folded into the appropriate shape.
To learn more about Polypeptides visit: https://brainly.com/question/16021903
#SPJ1
When a trait is x-linked, a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected. Why?.
When a trait is x-linked, a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected because he carries only one X chromosome
What do you mean a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected ?Genetic disorders connected to mutations in genes on the X chromosome are referred to as having X-linked recessive inheritance. Because he contains just one X chromosome, a male who carries this mutation will be affected. A female with a gene mutation on one X chromosome but a normal gene on the other is typically unaffected.
Males are more frequently affected by X-linked recessive disorders. Men only possess one X chromosome. The disease is brought on by a single recessive gene on that X chromosome. The Y chromosome makes up the second half of the male XY gene pair.Learn more about X-linked allele here:
https://brainly.com/question/14122925
#SPJ4
The importance of the element Carbon is pointed out in this unit. Which statement below explains why?
Without carbon life on Earth would be impossible. This is because carbon readily forms bonds with other atoms, providing flexibility in the forms and functions that biomolecules such as DNA and RNA can adopt.
Essential for the defining characteristics of the growth and reproduction of life. Carbon is essential to all known living systems and life could not exist without it. Carbon is available in the form of hydrocarbons other than food and wood such as fossil fuels methane gas and crude oil. Carbon fiber is a strong, yet lightweight and durable material that has many uses.
Carbon is the chemical backbone of life on Earth. Carbon compounds regulate the Earth's temperature, form the food that nourishes us, and provides the energy that powers the global economy. Most of the carbon on Earth is stored in rocks and sediments. The rest is in the ocean-atmosphere and life. Carbon can combine with four other atoms to form various molecules.
Learn more about The element Carbon here:-https://brainly.com/question/19083306
#SPJ1
which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle? which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle? a b c d
The biceps brachii muscle is denoted by the letter "B" in most anatomical illustrations. This muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow.
The biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle, meaning it has two points of origin. The muscle arises from the shoulder blade and the upper arm bone. It inserts into the forearm bones. The biceps brachii is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.This muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow joint. Additionally, the biceps brachii muscle assists in supinating the forearm (turning the palm of the hand upward).
Learn more about muscle at : https://brainly.com/question/9883108
#SPJ4
In the somatic cell of a mammalian female, one of the two x chromosomes is randomly inactivated and condensed, resulting in the formation of a?.
The creation of a barr body is the result.
When one of each cell's two randomly inactive X chromosomes?One of the two X chromosomes is randomly and permanently inactivated in cells other than egg cells early in the development of the female embryo. X-inactivation makes sure that females have one functional copy of the X chromosome in each body cell, just like males do.
How is the mammalian X chromosome rendered inactive?Mammals need to express the Xist gene, which maps to the X chromosome inactivation center (Xic) and encodes an untranslated RNA, in order to undergo X chromosomal inactivation. For female embryos, Xist RNA truncation by gene targeting is fatal and prevents the X chromosome containing the gene for deletion.
To know more about somatic cell visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/2621636
#SPJ4
Explain how electrolytes in the body are essential to proper body function. What is a common electrolyte used by athletes and why is it used?.
The major electrolytes used by athletes are magnesium, sodium, calcium and potassium and they use it to sustain the body water level.
What is electrolytes ?The body requires electrolytes, which are ions or other compounds, to maintain blood and water levels.
Different electrolytes, including K+, a significant blood constituent, can be found in blood.As a result, electrolytes are typically consumed by athletes, who primarily consume magnesium, calcium, and potassium.In order to prevent their body water levels from falling below a comfortable level, athletes use electrolytes.As a result, they typically take electrolytes to maintain different hormone levels in addition to maintaining the water level.Electrolytes are beneficial for athletes to increase cardiovascular activity.Learn more about Electrolytes here:
https://brainly.com/question/17089766
#SPJ4
. Using the scientific process, how can we set up a controlled experiment to answer the question: “Does temperature of water affect the amount of copper sulfate water will dissolve?” Establish two different amounts of water, and test whether the same amount of copper sulfate will dissolve in each amount. All other variables should remain constant. Establish two different temperatures of water, and test how much copper sulfate will dissolve at each temperature. All other variables should remain constant. Establish distilled water and tap water, and test how much copper sulfate will dissolve in each water type. All other variables should remain constant. Establish two different amounts of copper sulfate, and test whether each will dissolve in the same amount of water. All other variables should remain constant.
Establish two different temperatures if water and test how much copper sulphate will dissolve at each temperature.
When water is heated, the molecules become more energetic and travel more quickly. They travel faster, making more frequent contact with the sugar, which accelerates its dissolution.Water is a polar solvent, which allows copper sulphate to dissolve in it. When the molecules that make up a solvent have an uneven distribution of charges within them, the solvent is said to be polar. The hydrogen atoms in water have a partial positive charge, while the oxygen atoms have a partial negative charge.A substance dissociates to form ions when it dissolves in water. A test for water is performed by observing how anhydrous copper(II) sulphate reacts with water. In the presence of water, the white solid changes colour to blue. Exothermic in nature, the reverse reaction involves energy transfer to the environment.CuSO₄ +H₂O→Cu²⁺ +SO²⁻
To know more about Copper sulphate check the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/17439051
#SPJ1
An environmental agency worries that many cars may be violating clean air emissions standards. The agency hopes to check a sample of vehicles in order to estimate that percentage with a margin of error of % and % confidence. To gauge the size of the problem, the agency first picks cars and finds with faulty emissions systems. How many should be sampled for a full investigation?.
Answer:
братан йо так ма ши так ура
The finished product or waste that forms as a result of a process is known as _______.
A.
positive feedback
B.
the input
C.
negative feedback
D.
the output
Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class. What part of the brain is most likely responsible for rudy’s drowsiness?
If Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class, then the part of the brain that is most likely responsible for his drowsiness is the reticular formation.
What is the reticular formation?The reticular formation is a network that connects or links the spinal cord and the brain in the human nerve system, which is involved in different functions and is known to have an evolutionary meaning in the primate taxonomic group.
This area (the reticular formation area) is associated with different roles such as for example the sensory function, the motor function, behavioral issues, and also some type of emotional cues.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the reticular formation is a network in the human nervous system that plays different functions and is responsible for the drowsiness of an individual, as well as motor functions or behavioral cues.
Learn more about the reticular formation here:
https://brainly.com/question/9010266
#SPJ1
The concept that engaging in a behavior over and over again can lead to changes in your brain is known as ______________.
The concept that engaging in a behavior over and over again can lead to changes in your brain is known as Neuroplasticity.
By creating new synaptic connections throughout time, the brain is said to be neuroplastic, or able to adapt to changes in the environment.
It is described as the nervous system's capacity to alter its activity in response to internal or external stimuli by rearranging its connections, structure, or functions following wounds like a stroke or traumatic brain injury Neuroplasticity Alludes to the physiological adjustments made to the brain as a result of our interactions with the outside world. The connections between the cells in our brains change as our demands change from the time the brain starts to grow in utero until the day we die. This dynamic process enables us to absorb knowledge from and adjust to various experiences.
Learn more about to Neuroplasticity visit here: https://brainly.com/question/28319294
#SPJ4
modern humans occupied cold-temperate environments before they were able to occupy australia. group of answer choices true false
True, modern humans occupied cold-temperate environments before they were able to occupy Australia.
What is environment?The natural environment or natural world includes all living and non-living things that occur in nature. In other words, it is not artificial in this case.The term is most commonly applied to the earth or parts of the earth.The environment can be defined as the totality of all biotic and abiotic factors and their influences that affect human life.All living or biotic elements are animals, plants, forests, fisheries and birds, while abiotic or abiotic elements include water, land, sunlight, rocks and air.For humans, the environment is our natural world, including the atmosphere, land, vegetation, seas, rivers, lakes, and so on. Simply put, the term refers to the entire physical environment of the earth.To learn more about environments from the given link :
https://brainly.com/question/13107711
#SPJ4
The genetic code consists of ____ codons that specify amino acids, and ____ codons that do not specify amino acids.
Three codons in the genetic code do not recognize any amino acids, while 61 codons do.
How many amino acids are specified by the genetic code.
The three-letter structure of codons allows the four nucleotides found in mRNA—A, U, G, and C—to combine in a total of 64 different ways. The final three of these 64 codons are stop signals that indicate the end of protein synthesis, whereas the remaining 61 codons relate to amino acids.
Three of the 64 possible codons signify the end of a protein rather than coding for amino acids. The 20 amino acids that are used to make proteins are described by the 61 remaining codons. The AUG codon, which codes for methionine, is found at the start of the DNA.
To know more about genetic code visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/17306054
#SPJ4
Which of these best describes what occurs during cytokinesis?
Select one:
a.The chromosomes are separated.
b.The cell begins to divide by replicating the chromosomes.
c.The cytoplasm is divided between the two new daughter cells.
d.The nucleus opens to allow the chromosomes to enter the cytoplasm.
Answer: The correct option is (The cytoplasm is divided between the two new daughter cells)
Explanation: Have a good day :)
A large piece of rock contains a thick-shelled clam fossil. What evidence does this fossil best provide?.
It best provides evidence of the previous environment in the area where the rock was discovered.
What is a Fossil?
A fossil is a living organism's remnant or evidence. When an animal or plant is buried beneath sedimentary layers, it becomes a fossil. The softer tissues of dead plants and animals are broken down by microorganisms, but the harder parts, such as shells, bones, skeletons, leaves, seeds, and woody plants, remain intact.
These relics are eventually buried by different sedimentary layers. These sediments eventually combine to form hard rocks.
This gives information about the age of the fossil in relation to the rock in which it was discovered. Throughout the course of evolution, animal and plant species have undergone numerous time-related adaptations.
As a result, fossilized rocks demonstrate that early living things existed and evolved over time. The presence of a thick-shelled clam fossil in a large piece of rock reveals information about the previous environment in the area where the rock was discovered.
To learn more on Fossil from the link:
https://brainly.com/question/7277814
#SPJ4
T-cells are a type of immune cell system that recognizes pathogens in the body.
True
False
The statement is true that T-cells are a type of immune cell system that recognizes pathogens in the body.
T-cells are the lymphocytes that are involved in providing acquired immunity to the body. They can recognize the pathogens presented by the antigen presenting cells. There are two types of t cells: helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells.
Immune cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body from infection, allergies and foreign pathogens. There are several immune cells that perform several functions. The example of such cells are: phagocytes, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, etc.
To know more about T cells, here
brainly.com/question/12324561
#SPJ9
Which of the following terms best describes the pairing of an existing conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an additional conditioned response?
Higher-order learning
Higher-order learning best describes the pairing of an existing conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an additional conditioned response.
When a new unconditioned stimulus is associated with a conditioned stimulus, higher-order conditioning, also known as second-order conditioning, takes place.
Secondary reinforcement is the operant conditioning term for the corresponding phenomenon. Even when the original unconditioned stimulus is no longer present, these higher-order conditioned stimuli can still elicit responses.
One study, for instance, found that when participants were shown images of snakes and spiders alone, they responded with greater fear than when they were shown images of the animals accompanied by an unpleasant noise.
Know more about conditioning here: https://brainly.com/question/13044823
#SPJ4
how does norepinephrine inhibit smooth muscle action in airways, but is able to stimulate contractions in most other smooth muscles of the body?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase the charge of contraction of the smooth muscle of Ciona intestinalis.
Norepinephrine, also referred to as noradrenaline, the substance is released predominantly from the ends of sympathetic nerve fibers and acts to boom the pressure of skeletal muscle contraction and the fee and pressure of contraction of the heart.
Norepinephrine, produced through the adrenal medulla, is a stress hormone that increases blood stress, heart rate, and glucose from energy stores; within the kidneys, it will purpose constriction of the clean muscular tissues, resulting in reduced or inhibited go with flow to the nephrons.
Learn more about norepinephrine here
https://brainly.com/question/13753173
#SPJ4
The organization of organisms has increased in complexity throughout time. In light of this trend, which of the following is true?
As organisms increase in complexity, the entropy in the surrounding universe correspondingly increases.
Each organism is considered a closed system, and therefore, increased organism complexity has no relationship to the laws of thermodynamics.
Organisms increase in complexity to maintain homeostasis with the decrease in entropy of the surrounding universe.
The increase in organism complexity is a function of evolution, not thermodynamics.
The increase in organism complexity is a function of evolution, not thermodynamics. Option D
How does organisms become more complex?If we look around the world today, we are going to see that the complexity of the organisms that we would encounter is quite startling. This is because of the gradual evolution of life over time.
Now we can see from the theory of evolution that organisms become more complex as a result of the process of evolution that enable the organism to develop features that enable them to survive better in their habitat.
Learn more about complexity of organisms:https://brainly.com/question/17553157
#SPJ1
Simple
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
or Both
All prokaryotes are unicellular while eukaryotes may be unicellular or multicellular.
Predominantly unicellular organisms of the bacterial and archaeal domains are called prokaryotes. These organisms consist of the smallest simplest and oldest cells prokaryotic cells. Organisms in the eukaryotic domain are composed of more complex eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells, DNA is linear and resides in the nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells have their own power plants called mitochondria. Eukaryotic cells are much more complex than prokaryotic cells. They are larger and have membrane-bound organelles such as nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The human neurons shown below are eukaryotic cells. A cell or organism with a well-defined nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Learn more about Eukaryotes here:-https://brainly.com/question/15418347
#SPJ1
The blank______ that constitute the genetic material provide a blueprint for the characteristics of every organism.
Genes or genetic material constitute the genetic material provide a blueprint for the characteristics of every organism.
The hereditary ingredient in a cell is genetic material. It contains all of an organism's unique information. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA are the two names for it (ribonucleic acid). DNA is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes like bacteria. Nuclear DNA and, to a lesser extent, extranuclear sites like the mitochondria (which contain mtDNA) and chloroplasts are both found in eukaryotes, which include plants and animals.
To know more about genetic material, click here,
brainly.com/question/28406985
#SPJ4
Suppose you discovered a mutation in sea urchins that caused them to produce eggs with an overly dense vitelline envelope. What would you expect to see if you combined these eggs with normal sperm?.
The new cell formed by the union of an egg and a sperm is known as a zygote.
What number of cells make up a zygote?A zygote (fertilized egg) is only one cell for the initial twelve hours following fertilization. It divides into two cells after around 30 hours. These two cells split into four cells around 15 hours later. The zygote will have 16 cells in it after three days. It is known as a morula at that moment.
How much time does a zygote need to grow into an embryo?A zygote becomes a blastocyst, which is a small ball of cells, and then develops into an embryo over the course of five to six days. The zygote divides and becomes two cells few hours after the sperm and egg combine.
To know more about vitelline envelope visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/14801085
#SPJ4
What will happen when the ribosome shifts one codon further on the mrna, assuming the next codon is not a stop codon? select all that apply.
Stop-codon read-through is the term for the process in which a ribosome continues translation into a transcript's otherwise untranslated region (UTR) after moving beyond the stop codon.
The adaptive hypothesis states that stop-codon read-through is a key, regulated mechanism for producing proteome diversity. Recent ribosome-profiling research in eukaryotes have revealed widespread stop-codon read-through that also varies among tissues. Here, we present and test a competing theory that stop-codon read-through is primarily nonadaptive and primarily results from molecular mistakes. The read-through probability, frequency of read-through-related sequence motifs, and conservation of the read-through region are all specific predictions made by the error hypothesis that are each supported by genome-scale data from yeasts and fruit flies.
Learn more about to stop codon visit here ; https://brainly.com/question/15381927
#SPJ4
Full Question :
What will happen when the ribosome shifts one codon further on the mRNA, assuming the next codon is NOT a stop codon? (Select all that apply)
A. The tRNA that was carrying the polypeptide will be ejected from the ribosome
B. A new tRNA will bind to the ribosome
C. The tRNA that is shown in the A site in the figure above will ne ejected from the ribosome
D. The tRNA carrying the polypeptide will be in the P site
E. The sites of the ribosomes will be relabeled (from left to right) P, A, E.
Which sequence of events is the correct sequence for triggering conscious perception of an odor?.
Odorant binds to receptor protein; activate G protein; activate adenylate cyclase; formation of cyclic AMP; depolarization of nerve fiber; action potential triggered.
What is protein?Proteins are found throughout the body, including muscles, bones, skin, hair, and almost every other body part or tissue. They make enzymes that facilitate many chemical reactions and hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. . At least 10,000 proteins keep you on your toes.Proteins can be informally classified into three main classes that correlate with their typical tertiary structures. Globular proteins, fibrous proteins, membrane proteins. All cells in the human body contain proteins. The basic structure of proteins is a chain of amino acids. You require protein in your diet to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein is also important for the growth and development of children, adolescents, and pregnant women.To learn more about protein from the given link :
https://brainly.com/question/17095120
#SPJ4
in considering the relative contributions of genes and environment, most scientists would agree that:
In considering the relative contributions of genes and environment, most scientists would agree that Genes and environment interact to determine behavior.
Our genes affect our hormone composition. This hormones can influence how easy for us to achieve a certain emotion(small example, there are cases when a person that is born with abnormally high testosterone become more prone to anger).Our environment affects the way we observe and perceive the world. For example, let’s say that a child born in an abusive household. Throughout his life, that child constantly observed his father hitting his mother after every arguments. This make the child become more likely to believe that this type of violence is an acceptable way to resolve an issue.
To know more about Genes and environment visit:https://brainly.com/question/18612503
#SPJ4
what is the function of baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid arteries
