The concept behind the common ion effect is ionization.
When another electrolyte (which includes an ion that is also present in the first electrolyte, i.e., a common ion) is added, the common ion effect suppresses the ionization of the first electrolyte. It is thought to follow from Le Chatlier's principle (or the Equilibrium Law).
An increase in the concentration of one of the ions dissociated in the solution by the addition of another species containing the same ion will result in an increase in the degree of association of ions in a solution where there are several species associating with each other via a chemical equilibrium process.
In the compounds of transition metals, this effect cannot be seen. This occurs as a result of the d-block elements' propensity to produce complex ions. The substance cuprous chloride, which is insoluble in water, is a good example of this. When chloride ions are added, the molecule forms the water-soluble CuCl2 complex ion, which can then be dissolved in water.
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colorless nitric oxide, , combines with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide, , a brown gas. what is the enthalpy change per gram of nitric oxide?
The enthalpy change per gram of nitric oxide is -1.9KJ/g.
How are the enthalpy changes found?Calculating the reaction enthalpy involves deducting the total enthalpy of all the reactants from the total enthalpy of the products. Mathematically, tH is equal to the total of the enthalpies of the reactants and the sum of the enthalpies of the product.
The value of enthalpy is solely dependent on the temperature, pressure, and composition of the system, not on its history. It is an energy-like feature or state function that has the dimensions of energy (and is thus measured in units of joules or ergs).
2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g)
According to reaction,
2 × 30g NO = -114KJ (Enthalpy change)
1g NO = -114/2× 30 = -1.9KJ
∆H = -1.9KJ/g.
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Mixture 1 contains sand and water. Mixture 2 contains salt and water. Which method of separation could be used to obtain each of the required products from each mixture?.
To obtain sand and water from mixture filtration process will be used.
To obtain salt from water in mixture crystallization will be done.
What are physical methods of separation?A mixture is a substance formed by combining two or more different substances (elements or compounds), not necessarily in specific proportions. In a mixture, the components are not chemically combined (no chemical reactions occur). No chemical reactions take place, so the ingredients retain their original properties. There is no loss or gain of energy in forming the mixture. Using physical methods, the components of a mixture can be easily separated.
Mixtures are created by physical changes. Therefore, to separate the components of a mixture, certain physical methods or techniques can be used to separate the mixture into its original components. These techniques are based on the physical properties of the components such as density, weight and size.
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What is the name given to the experimental apparatus for generating electricity through the use of a spontaneous reaction?.
Galvanic cells or voltaic cells can generate electricity through the use of a spontaneous reaction.
What is a Galvanic cell?A galvanic cell or voltaic cell can be described as an electrochemical cell in which electricity is generated from spontaneous Oxidation-Reduction reactions.
A common apparatus consists of two different metals or electrodes, each immersed in different beakers containing their respective ion solution, They are connected by a salt bridge or a porous membrane.
Galvanic cells carry the spontaneous redox reactions but have been designed to harness the energy generated from the said reaction. The electromotive force of the cell can be defined as the difference between the half-cell potentials which are measured by the two electrodes in the electrolyte.
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How does the sodium potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged.
Which scientist first proposed that the electron in the hydrogen atom can have only certain energies?.
Niels Bohr first proposed that the electron in the hydrogen atom can have only certain energies.
Niels Bohr modeled the atom with electrons that could simplest have precise solid orbits. This model of the atom became the first to incorporate the quantum concept. That electron may want to best arise in unique orbits defined why factors consisting of hydrogen emitted and absorbed mild at specific wavelengths.
Niels Bohr proposed a principle for the hydrogen atom, based on the quantum idea that a few bodily quantities only take discrete values. Bohr proposed that electrons no longer radiate strength as they orbit the nucleus, but exist in states of constant strength that he referred to as desk-bound states. Bohr's paintings changed based totally on the emission spectra of hydrogen.
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which of the following could limit the accuracy of the qualitative analysis used here? one of the ions is present in trace amounts. the solution contains more than one ion. hydrochloric acid is contaminated with trace amounts of water. the identity of the counterion present in the solution.
The following could limit the accuracy of the qualitative analysis used here is one of the ions is present in trace amounts.
Th qualitative analysis is the determination of the information about the chemical species or the functional in the given sample. the quantitative analysis involves the data and the numbers, the quantitative analysis involves the method of analyzing the amount of chemical species in a sample. the amount is expressed in the numbers. while the qualitative analysis examine the information about whether an atom, ion functional group is present or absent.
Thus, the correct option is one of the ions is present in trace amounts will limit the accuracy of the qualitative analysis.
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in electrolysis: group of answer choices a nonspontaneous redox reaction is forced to occur by applying an electric current. only pure, drinkable water is produced. you have a cell which reverses the flow of ions. a spontaneous redox reaction produces electricity. none of the above
The electrolysis is a spontaneous redox reaction produces electricity.
What is electrolysis?Electrolysis is the disintegration of ionic compounds into their elements by passing a constant electric current through the liquid form. Cations are reduced at the cathode and anions are oxidized at the anode. The main components needed to perform electrolysis are an electrolyte, electrodes, and some kind of external energy source is also needed. In addition, a partition such as an exchange membrane or a salt bridge is also used, but this is optional. They are mainly used to prevent products from diffusing near the counter electrode.
Electrolysis is usually performed in a vessel called an "electrolyte cell" containing two electrodes (cathode and anode) connected to a direct current source and an electrolyte that is a dissociable ionic compound, either molten or soluble in a suitable state.
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part 2!!!!!!!!??………..
Answer: M&M plain candies have a mean weight of 0.8565g and a standard deviation of 0.0518g .
The average weight of an individual peanut M&M is 2.4g/0.08oz
i dont know how many m&m's you have for the middle part
average atomic mass should be 3.2565
#15 cant answer
#16 yes because the m&m's would be larger giving them a greater mass
#17 cant answer
#18 the average atomic mass of sulfur is 32.066 amu.
Explanation:
What is not required on a workplace label?.
Workplace labels are not required to include borders or particular language, but they do need the following details: Product identification data for the product's secure handling.
What does "label" mean in chemistry?Labels are a suitable set of written, printed, or graphic informative components about a hazardous chemical some of which are attached to, printed on, or fastened to the adjacent container of something like a hazardous chemical but rather to the outside packaging, as defined by the HCS.
What are a label and a standard?In order to give the customer the ability to make an educated decision regarding the potential for energy savings—and consequently, cost savings—of the relevant marketed product, the Bureau the Energy Efficiency launched this same Standards & Branding programme for appliances and appliances in 2006.
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18. give the product for the following reactions sequence. a) 3-pentanone b) 2-pentanone c) propanone d) 2-butanone e) methyl propanoate 19. give the product for the following reactions sequence. a) ch3ch2cocl b) ch3ch2cho c) ch3co2ch3 d) ch3ch2cooch3 e) ch3ch2ch2cl 20. give the product for the following reactions sequence. a) ch3ch2cocl b) ch3ch2conhch3 c) ch3conhch2ch3 d) ch3ch2cooch3 e) ch3ch2ch2cl
The product for the following reaction are :
2 - butanoneCH₃CH₂COClCH₃CH₂CONHCH₃T carboxylic acid is an organic compound. the functional group of carboxylic acid is carboxy. general formula is given as : R - COO⁻.
The reactions are given as follows :
1) the reduction of carboxylic acid into ketone with the organometallic compound is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂COOH + CH₃Li ------> CH₃CH₂COCH₃
2 butanone
2) the reaction of carboxylic acid with SOCl₂ is given as follows :
CH₃CH₂COOH + SOCl₂ -----> CH₃CH₂COCl
3) the reaction of carboxylic acid with CH₃NH₂ is given as follows
CH₃CH₂COOH + CH₃NH₂ -----> CH₃CH₂CONHCH₃
Thus, The product for the following reaction are :
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a conbustion reaction occurs between 9.5 mol o2 and 137 g c2h4 . upon completion of the reaction, is there any c2h4 remaining?
A combustion reaction occurs between 9.5 mol of O₂ and 137 g C₂H₄. upon the completion of the reaction . yes, there is C₂H₄ remaining.
The balanced chemical equation is given as :
C₂H₄ + 3O₂ ------> 2CO₂ + 2H₂O
moles of O₂ = 9.5
moles of C₂H₄ = mass / molar mass
= 137 / 28
= 4.8 mol
1 mole of C₂H₄ react with 3 mole of O₂
so, 9.5 O₂ wiil react with = 9.5 / 3 C₂H₄
= 3.1 mol of C₂H₄
we need 4.8 mol of C₂H₄ , therefore there will be C₂H₄ remaining.
Thus, A combustion reaction occurs between 9.5 mol of O₂ and 137 g C₂H₄. upon the completion of the reaction . yes there is C₂H₄ remaining.
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explain why the diazonium group is such a good leaving group when it is replaced by a nucleophile in a synthetic reaction
When a nucleophile replaces the diazonium group, nitrogen gas bursts out of the reaction mixture in a very quick and effective reaction.
The high reactivity of diazonium salts: why?Diazonium salts can be thought of as self-reactive in the sense that they are generally high energy materials that can decompose violently when subjected to heat or mechanical force (shock-sensitive). The diazo functional group is linked to a reaction enthalpy of between -160 and -180 kJ/mol.
They are used to create dyed fabrics and are useful in the dye and pigment industries. They can be used to create a wide range of chemical molecules, particularly aryl derivatives.
Because the dinitrogen molecule is so highly stable in the atmosphere, the diazonium ion is one of the best leaving groups in organic chemistry.
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which two metals would you choose to make a bi-metallic strip to maximize the displacement per unit temperature change? use the l a chart to make the choice. if the bi-metallic strip has a thickness of 2 mm and an average thermal diffusivity a of 5 105 m2 /s, approximately how long will it take to respond when the temperature suddenly changes?
It will take 0.02s to respond when the temperature suddenly changes.
Thermal diffusivity is significant because it can indicate the rate of thermal expansion of a substance. Lower heat diffusion rates are characterized by high values of thermal diffusivity. The material can therefore rapidly heat up or cool down. A higher heat diffusion rate results from a lower thermal diffusivity rating. As a result, it takes a long time for the material to heat up or cool down.
Thermal diffusivity is thus used to determine the best material to utilize based on how quickly or slowly heat dissipation is needed. It is utilized when choosing the type of material to use for heat sinks.
Here A is Thermal conductivity and a is Thermal diffusivity.
Choose metals that lie as far apart on the thermal diffusivity axis as possible, because this region maximizes the thermal displacement.
Copper and steel are probably not lead because it is too soft.
Hence, Cast Iron and Aluminium are selected.
The equation of response time is:
Response Time = (t/2)² / a
Here, t is the thickness and a is Thermal diffusivity.
Convert 2mm to m, it will be 0.002m
In the above equation, substitute 0.002m for t and 5 * 10⁻5 m²/s for a.
Response time = (0.002m/2)² / 5 * 10⁻5 m²/s
Response time = 0.02s.
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n2 has a bond order of three. o2 has a bond order of two. this means that n2 is (less or more) stable than o2 and n2 has a (longer or shorter) bond length than o2. group of answer choices more, longer less, longer less, shorter more, shorter
N₂ has a bond order of three. O₂ has a bond order of two. this means that N₂ is more stable than O₂ and N₂ has a shorter bond length than O₂
The bond order is the number of bond pairs of electrons between two atoms. For covalent bonds between two atoms, a single bond has a bond degree of 1, a double bond has a bond degree of 2, a triple bond has a bond degree of 3, and so on.
Bond order is described as the gap among the facilities of covalently bonded atoms. The bond duration is decided via way of means of the wide variety of electrons within side the bond (bond order). The higher the bond order, the stronger the attraction between the two atoms and the shorter the bond length. In general, the length of a bond between two atoms is approximately the sum of the covalent bond radii of the two atoms. Bond lengths are expressed in picometers. Therefore, the bond lengths increase in the order:
Single bond > double bond > Triple bond
The higher the bond order, the more stable the molecule. A stable bond is less likely to break and therefore has a higher binding energy. As the bond order increases, the bond length decreases. Triple bonds are more energetic and stable because they have shorter bond lengths than double or single bonds
Therefore, N₂ has a bond order of three. O₂ has a bond order of two. this means that N₂ is more stable than O₂ and N₂ has a shorter bond length than O₂
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What is the balanced equation for the decomposition of iron(iii) hydrogen carbonate?.
The decomposition of iron (III) hydrogen carbonate produce three different products namely iron (III) carbonate, water and carbon dioxide as in the balanced reaction written below:
[tex]\rm 2Fe(HCO_{3})_{3} \rightarrow Fe_{2}CO_{3} + 3 CO_{2} + 3H_{2}O[/tex]
What is decomposition reaction?Decomposition reaction is a type of reaction in which a single reactant species decompose or break into its constituent compounds or elements. Decomposition reaction can be either exothermic or endothermic. The breaking of a strong bonds needs higher energy.
Iron (III) hydrogen carbonate is a metallic complex with the formula,
Fe (HCO₃)₃ where iron is in +3 oxidation state. Decomposition of iron hydrogen carbonate produces iron (III)carbonate, carbon dioxide and water.
As per the balanced reaction, 2 moles of iron hydrogen carbonate produce one mole of iron carbonate and 3 moles of carbon dioxide and water each.
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How many liters of a 0.209 M KI solution is needed to completely react with 2.43 g of Cu(NO₃)₂ according to the balanced chemical reaction: 2 Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 4 KI(aq) → 2 CuI(aq) + I₂(s) + 4 KNO₃(aq)
The volume of the solution is obtained as 124mL.
What is the required volume of KI?We know that this problem has to do with the stoichiometry of the reaction. In this case, we have the reaction that is occurring between the potassium iodide solution and the copper II nitrate solution.
First of all let us look at the balanced reaction equation which is written as;
2 Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 4 KI(aq) → 2 CuI(aq) + I₂(s) + 4 KNO₃(aq)
Number of moles of the Cu(NO₃)₂ reacted = 2.43 g/188 g/mol = 0.013 moles
If 2 moles of Cu(NO₃)₂ would have to react with 4 moles of KI
0.013 moles moles of Cu(NO₃)₂ would have to react with 0.013 * 4/2
= 0.026 moles
Given that;
Number of moles = concentration * volume
Concentration of KI = 0.209 M
Volume =Number of moles /Concentration
= 0.026 moles/0.209 M
= 0.124 L or 124mL
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Calculate the mass of:
0.01 moles of aluminium atoms
Answer: m=0.2699g
Explanation:
n=m/M (n=moles, m=mass, M=molar mass)
nxM=m
0.01x26.99=m (26.99=molar mass of aluminium (seen on periodic table))
m=0.2699g
what volume (in ml) of 1.508 m h3po4 (aq) would be required to react completely with 11.73 ml of 1.006 m ca(oh)2? (aq)
The amount of 4.86 ml needed to completely react with 11.73 ml of 1.006 m ca(oh)2 is 4.86 ml.
given data to be calculated:-
Ca3(PO4)2 (s) + 6H2O can be used to calculate this: 3Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2H3PO4 (aq) (l)
ca moles (OH)
2 present 11.00 moles of H3PO4 are required; 7.33 moles of H3PO4 in a volume of ml are required; 7.33/1.508 = 4.86.
How do moles react to an increase in volume?The direction that creates more moles of gas benefits from an increase in volume, and since there are more moles of products in this case, the reaction will shift to the right and produce more moles of products.
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state the volume of sodium hydroxide
Answer:
0.0250 dm 3.
Explanation:
Volume of sodium hydroxide solution = 25.00 ÷ 1000 = 0.0250 dm 3. Amount of sodium hydroxide = 0.100 × 0.0250 = 0.00250 mol. From the equation, 0.00250 mol of NaOH reacts with 0.00250 mol of HCl
in triple sugar iron agar (tsia), red/yellow indicates which sugar fermentation? glucose sucrose lactose lactose and sucrose
In triple sugar iron agar (tsia), red/yellow indicates the sugar fermentation glucose sucrose lactose lactose and sucrose is only glucose.
In the triple sugar iron agar (tsia), red/yellow indicates the sugar fermentation of only glucose. it indicates that organism ferment only the glucose. the red / red indicates that no fermentation takes place. the yellow / yellow indicates the fermentation of glucose and lactose and sucrose. the gas production indicates that the crack in agar or the lifting in agar.
Thus, In triple sugar iron agar (tsia), red/yellow indicates the sugar fermentation glucose sucrose lactose lactose and sucrose is only glucose.
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Nonmetals gain electrons under certain conditions to attain a noble gas electron configuration. How many electrons must be gained by the element sulfur (s) to attain noble gas electron configuration?.
In this particular problem, For sulfur to attain a noble gas configuration, it must gain TWO ELECTRONS.
What is noble gas configuration? Also explain above answer
The only group of elements—the noble gases—have all available electrons in their outermost shells, making them stable and preventing them from typically taking part in chemical reactions. To achieve the noble gas octet structure, additional elements take part in chemical reactions and create bonds with one another. A stable element is required to contain eight (8) electrons in its outermost shell by the octet structure.
Sulfur has an atomic weight of 16 and an electrical configuration of 2,8,6. Sulfur has 6 electrons in its outermost shell according to the electronic configuration; therefore, it needs two more electrons to have 8 electrons in its outermost shell.
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an unknown diatomic gas has a density of 3.164 g/l at stp. what is the molar mass and identity of the gas?
The identity of the an unknown diatomic gas that has a density of 3.164 g/l at stp is chlorine (Cl) with 35.44 g/mol molar mass
To determine the identity of a diatomic gas, determine the mass of one mole of gas.
from the formula
mass = density x volume
At standard temperature and pressure (STP), 1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.
Mass of diatomic gas = 3.164 × 22.4
Mass of 1 mole of diatomic gas = 70.8736 g
Then determine the atomic mass of the gas
Since the gas is a diatomic gas,
atomic mass of gas = 70.8736/2
Atomic mass of gas = 35.4368 g/mol
Atomic mass of gas ≅ 35.44 g/mol
This is fairly close to the atomic mass of chlorine (At. mass for Cl = 35.453 g/mol).
Therefore, the identity of the diatomic gas chlorine (Cl)
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Consider the following processes of ideal gases. Which of these processes leads to an increase in entropy? Select all of the correct answers.
The pressure of one mole of oxygen gas is allowed to double isothermally.
Carbon dioxide is allowed to expand isothermally to 10 times its original volume.
Nitrogen gas is compressed isothermally to one half its original volume.
A glass of water loses 100 J of energy reversibly at 30°C.
The only situation where there is an increase in entropy;
Nitrogen gas is compressed isothermally to one half its original volume.The pressure of one mole of oxygen gas is allowed to double isothermally.What is entropy?The term entropy has to do with the degree of disorder in a system. Thus we must recall that gases tend to move very freely and the the gas does not have a particular or a fixed shape or volume. Hence, the level of the disorderliness would increase so much when a gas is produced.
The entropy is least when we have a solid because the particles that compose a solid are all held together in such a way that the particles do not move about freely in the system.
Thus, when there is an isothermal compression of the gas, the molecules of the gas collide more frequently with each other and entropy increases.
When a gas expands, it spreads out and entropy is reduced. When a glass of water looses energy, the molecules of the water would decrease in speed and entropy is reduced.
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sam records the mass of his evaporating dish as 8.365 g. he records the mass of the evaporating dish and the sample of hydrate as 18.597 g. after heating the sample in the evaporating dish to constant weight, the mass of them combined is 13.735 g. how many moles of water were removed from the sample by the heating process? report your answer with three digits after the decimal.
0.2701 moles of water were evaporated from the sample by the heating process
Mass of evaporating dish = 8.365 g
mass of dish + hydrate = 18.597 g
mass of hydrate = (mass of dish + hydrate) - mass of dish
hydrate = 18.597 - 8.365 = 10.232 g
Mass of dehydrated material = (mass of dish + dehydrate ) - mass of dish
dehydrated material = 18.735 - 8.365 = 5.37 g
Mass of water evaporated = hydrate - dehydrate
mass of water = 10.232 - 5.37 = 4.862 g
Molar mass of water = 18 gm/mol
no. of moles of water evaporated = mass / molecular mass
moles = 4.862/18 = 0.2701 moles
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In a nucleic acid hybridization experiment performed to detect exons, an appropriate probe would be.
To detect exons in nucleic acid hybridization experiment an appropriate probe is single-stranded RNA.
What is meant by single-stranded RNA?Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) is the most basic type of genetic molecule, constituting the genome of some viruses and, presumably, primitive life-forms. However, the formation of inactive double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during replication is an innate and unsolved problem with the ssRNA genome.
RNA viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes are referred to as single-stranded RNA viruses. There are two varieties:
1) Single-stranded RNA virus with negative sense
2) Single-stranded RNA virus with positive sense
There are currently eight virus families with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes that infect vertebrates: the families Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, and Hepeviridae have non-enveloped capsids, whereas the families Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Coronaviridae have enveloped capsids.
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The complete question is
"In a nucleic acid hybridization experiment performed to detect exons, the probe a. single-stranded DNA.
b. double-stranded DNA.
c. triple-stranded DNA.
d. single-stranded RNA.
e. double-stranded RNA."
¿Cual es la variable independiente en el gráfico? Temperature (°C) Temperature v. Elevation 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 0 0 100 300 500 700 Elevation (m)
Answer:
I don't know
Explanation:
Its question that answer
Use the periodic table to find the charges of the ions and then write the ionic formula for chemical compounds. These are not in the Gizmo.
The ionic charges and the chemical formula of the ionic compounds formed from the elements are given below:
Magnesium and nitrogen - Mg = +2, N = +3; chemical formula = M₃N₂Barium and fluorine - Ba = +2, F = -1; chemical formula = BaF₂Lithium and phosphorus - Li = +1; P = +3; chemical formula = Li₃PGallium and bromine - Ga = +3, Br = -1; chemical formula = GaBr₃Strontium and sulfur - Sr = +2, S = -2; chemical formula = SrSWhat are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are compounds formed from a transfer of electrons from electropositive metals to electronegative non-metals resulting in the formation of oppositely-charged ions that are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
The metals form ions having positive charges called cations whereas the non-metals form ions having negative charges that are known as anions.
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If 80 mg of a radioactive element decays to 10 mg in 30 min, what is the element's half-life in minutes? Show all work and explanation.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
What is one requirement of the Affordable Care?.
One provision of the Affordable Healthcare Act is that the government create its own health care insurance company.
The Affordable Care Act does what?For households earning below 100% - 400% of both the federal poverty threshold, the law offers customers subsidies (referred to as "premium tax credits") that reduce prices (FPL). Increase Medicaid coverage to include all adults with incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level.
The Affordable Healthcare Act covers who?Obamacare allows people to purchase health insurance regardless of their financial level. You may be eligible for a prescription tax credit or other special discounts that will lower the cost of your health insurance if your family income between 100% or 400percent of total of both the federal poverty threshold (FPL).
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The complete question is-
What is one requirement of the Affordable Care Act?
A. Senior citizens must pay for their own health insurance if they can afford it.
B. The government will set up its own health insurance entity.
C. Government employees can't use private insurance companies.
D. Everyone has to obtain health care coverage.
why are all of the elements in group 18 relatively unreactive whereas those in group 17 are reactive
Because they only require one electron to form an octet
What is octet?
The existence of 8 electrons in an atom's outermost shell indicates that the atom is stable and has the electron configuration of an inert gas.
Every atom wants to be stable, therefore they combine with one another to reach the octet state by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
According to the electronic theory of chemical bond formation, atoms can unite by passing, that is, gaining or losing valence shell electrons from one element or atom to another, or by dividing or sharing them to achieve a complete octet in their final shells. The octet rule is what it's called.
The rule of eight, electronic theory of valence, and octet theory of valence are all names for the octet rule. According to the octet theory:
Atoms interact with one other by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons during the creation of a chemical bond. They do, however, develop a stable outermost shell of eight electrons.
Elements in Group 18 have complete outer energy levels and do not easily form ions. Because they only require one electron to create an octet, Group 17 elements are highly reactive.
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